1.
INDIAN CONSTITUTION
I. Short Answers:
1. What is a Constitution?
A Constitution is the fundamental law of a country which
reflects the fundamental principles on which the government
of that country based.
2. What is meant by Citizenship?
Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the
law as being a legal member of a nation.
3. List out the fundamental rights guaranteed by the
Indian Constitution.
i, Right to equality
ii, Right to freedom
iii, Right against exploitation
iv, Right to religion
v, Cultural and educational right
vi, Right to Constitutional remedies
4. What is a writ?
A writ is an order or command issued by a court in writing
under its seal. It is in the nature of a command or prohibition
from performing certain acts that are specified in the orders of
the court.
5. What are the classical languages in India?
The classical languages in India are Tamil, Sanskrit, Telugu,
Kannada, Malayalam and Odia.
6. What is national emergency?
The President declares emergency if he is satisfied that
India’s security is threatened due to war, external aggression
or armed rebellion or if there is an imminent danger or threat.
If the emergency is declared on the ground of war or external
aggression it is known as external emergency and if it is
declared on the ground of armed rebellion is known as internal
aggression.
7. List out the three heads of the relations between the
Centre and the states.
The three heads of the relations between the Centre and
the states are,
i, Legislative relations
ii, Administrative relations
iii, Financial relations.
II, Answer in detail:
1. Explain the salient features of the constitution of
India.
1. It is the lengthiest of all the written Constitutions of
the world.
2. It is partly rigid and partly flexible.
3. It establishes a federal system of Government.
4. It establishes the Parliamentary systems not only at
the Centre but also in the States.
5. It provides an independent judiciary.
6. It makes India as a secular state.
7. It introduces Universal Adult Franchise and accords
the right to vote to all citizens above 18 years of age
without any discrimination.
2. Point out the Fundamental Rights.
Fundamental Rights are enshrined in part III of the
Constitution from Articles 12 to 35. There are six
Fundamental Rights guaranteed by our Constitution to all
the citizens. They are,
i, Right to Equality:
Art. 14: Everyone is equal before law.
Art .15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion,
race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Art. 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public
employment.
Art .17: Abolition of Untouchability.
Art. 18: Abolition of titles except military and academic.
ii, Right to Freedom:
Art. 19 : Freedom of speech and expression. Assembly,
association, movement, residence and profession.
Art. 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
Art. 21: Protection of life and personal liberty.
Art. 21 A: Right to Elementary education.
Art. 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain
cases.
iii, Right against Exploitation:
Art. 23: Prohibition of trafficking in human being and forced
labour.
Art. 24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories
etc.
iv, Right to Religion:
Art. 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice
and propagation of religion.
Art.26: Freedom to manage religious affairs.
Art. 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of
any religion.
Art. 28: Freedom from attending religious instruction or
worship in certain educational institutions.
v, Cultural and Educational Rights:
Art. 29: Protection of language, script and culture of
minorities.
Art. 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer
educational institutions.
vi, Right to Constitutional Remedies:
Art. 32: It allows individuals to seek redressal for the
violation of their fundamental rights.
3. Write briefly on the Right to Constitutional
Remedies.
Our Constitution guarantees six Fundamental Rights
to its citizens. It safeguards all these rights by granting us
the Right to Constitutional Remedies. It is possible that the
Government or private bodies may violate any of our
Fundamental Rights.
Right to Constitutional Remedies protects us from
such violations. It allows us to file a case against the
Government or private bodies in the High Courts of the
States and the Supreme Court of the India.
Both the Supreme Court and High Courts are
empowered to issue five kinds of writs. They are, Habeas
corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto and
certiorari to protect the Fundamental Rights of the citizens.
That is why the Supreme Court is called as the
“Guardian of the Constitution”.
4. Mention the difference between Fundamental
Rights and Directive principles of the state policy.
Sl. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF
No. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS STATE POLICY
It was derived from the It was drawn on the model of
1. Constitution of the USA. the Constitution of Ireland
These Rights cannot be taken These are mere instructions to
2. away even by the Government. the Government.
3. These Rights are enforceable These are not enforceable in
by a Court of Law any court.
These have moral and political
4. These have legal sanctions. sanctions.
These rights strengthen The implementation of these
political democracy in the principles ensures social and
5. country. economic democracy.
These lead to protect human
6. These are natural rights. rights.
