Letter from the Executive Board:

Greetings!
It is our great honor to welcome you to this simulation of one of the most historically significant
moments in modern history. In this period of massive cold war tension, countless crises and conflicts-
both direct and indirect-unfolding throughout the world have the potential to escalate into nuclear
armageddon. As delegates we expect you to navigate these issues, displaying diplomacy while
pursuing your interests and hopefully resolving the ongoing conflicts, through whatever means, while
ideally avoiding the collapse of modern society as we know it.

In 1971, every corner of the world was involved in the numerous ongoing conflicts thereby making
this period of time ideal for delegates to have an abundance of critical thinking and crisis resolving
opportunities, providing for a comprehensive crisis experience. In this background guide, we shall
provide a brief introduction not only to the Indo-Pak conflict, but to the various issues throughout the
world that we hope you shall address. Please note that this is simply a guide to help focus your
research; it is in no way comprehensive. We would like to make it clear that we fully expect you as
delegates to research the intricacies and details of your respective foreign policies, the agenda and
the legalities involved in the same. We look forward to a productive debate and interesting
simulation.

Regards,
The Executive Board

Lines of communication:
Lines of communication, simply put, is the channel for communication between the delegate and their
country to suggest and co-ordinate key actions. This is especially important during the cold war when
there were no mobile phones or laptops or internet. Therefore, communicating to a government
halfway across the world was painstakingly slow and complicated. In this simulation, lines of
communication can be used by delegates to send directives (suggestions of actions) and/or send
portfolio requests to their government for review and execution. Lines of communications during
committee will only be open during specific intervals at the discretion of the EB and these intervals
will be communicated during committee. In light of this, delegates will have different types of
communication to their countries.
They are as follows:

Directives
As the representative of a State, you can send in a directive to the EB, highlighting what you want
your nation to do next in light of recent events. This is merely a suggestion to your government to
implement in real-time if the government approves of your plan. Directives can be military troop
movements, intelligence operations, economic actions, political maneuvers and so on. Two or more
countries or representatives can also send in a joint directive. This is generally used for a joint
operation, resource sharing, show of support and henceforth.

The EB will act as the government of the respective state and will look into the directive to see if those
actions align with your foreign policy and if they have logic and the EB will have full discretion
whether to pass the directive or not.

Format of an directive:

Type of Directive: Covert/Overt

{Covert Directive: Like the name suggests, a covert directive is secretive in nature. The purpose of a
covert directive is for an action/operation to take place in the fog of war. Examples for this could
include stealth border crossings, intelligence operations, manipulating the financial markets, and so
on.
Overt Directive: These are the type of directives where the fog of war is irrelevant. For example,
movement and amassment of a large number of troops outside another country’s border, releasing a
press release or presidential statement, and so on}

From: The delegate of ________

To: The government of _______, via the EB
Primary Objective: {Primary Objective, as the name suggests, is what the directive primarily hopes to
achieve}
Secondary Objective (If any): {Additional objective that the directive can accomplish in-addition to the
primary objective}

Mission Brief: { Summary of the directive in 3-4 points }

Plan of Action: {Detailed plan of action of the directive, as elaborate and logistically specific as
possible, with much detail. This can include the time and date of the start of the operation, flight
path, co-ordinates, weapons used, vehicles used, down to the minute details}
Departments Involved (OPTIONAL): {Departments and divisions of your government involved in this
operation}

Resources utilized (OPTIONAL): {Resources utilized in the operation}

Signature:

Example of a directive:

DIRECTIVE 4 – Disrupting Supply lines

Type – Covert

From – CCP

To – EB

Primary Objective – Disrupt the KMT’s supply chains

Secondary Objective – Seize KMT supplies and further the restriction of supplies to the KMT and
therefore promote desertion among KMT forces.

Mission Brief –

· Use intelligence to identify routes(on rail, road and by human/animal movers) used by the
KMT to transport military supplies.

· Commit Guerilla forces to disrupt supplies run through these routes.

· Re-purpose KMT railway lines, transport units and pack animals for CCP purposes.

· Establish a special logistical force to coordinate with the guerilla fighters so as to coordinate
the seizure of supplies.

Plan of Action –

1. CSAD officers are to utilize a combination of TFE intelligence, CSAD intelligence(from existing
CSAD informants in the KMT or new ones) and reports from deserters to identify KMT supply
routes. These are to be turned into maps and handed out to the PLA.

2. Establishing strike forces:

a. Top fighters of the PLA’s auxiliary forces are to be identified and used to form 200
guerilla strike forces of at least 75 people each.
 b. These strike forces are to undergo rigorous physical, strategic and assault training
in forest terrain to improve their coordination and efficiency. The training will
include setting up ambushes for road transport convoys and supply trains and
extensive camouflage techniques. They will also be instructed on using naturally
available resources to set up traps.

c. They are to be heavily armed and are to necessarily include at least 3 snipers, 2
TFE cryptographers, 5 medics, two demolitions experts as well as 5 local guides
(not included in the 75) to give them a thorough knowledge of the terrain and
area. The local guides will be allowed to return to their functions once the strike
force’s deployment in the area reaches. These numbers can be changed based on
the needs of the strike force.

d. These strike forces will follow an established chain of command, each being led by
a captain with a vice captain to take over if the captain is incapacitated. They will
be equipped with radios that are used by the TFE cryptographers to coordinate
with the CSAD as well as other guerilla strike forces to coordinate movements and
launch combined attacks on larger convoys. All communications will be encrypted
in accordance with the TFE’s guidelines.

3. Attacking railway convoys:

a. The CSAD will provide these strike teams with knowledge of supply convoys being
transported by train. This will include the time and size of the convoy as well as
the size of the team defending it.

b. Depending on this information one or more teams(whichever teams are closest)

will work in conjunction with each other to attack the convoy.

c. Ahead of the convoy’s arrival, the tracks will be destroyed by the demolitions
experts or simply by dismantling the tracks, depending on the availability of time
and equipment. Instructions on how to do so(using the resources at hand) will be
provided to every team in the form of an instruction manual compiled by the
CCP’s engineers and physicists. When the convoy arrives, this damage will force it
to stop.

d. Before the convoy’s arrival, the local guides shall help the snipers take up
strategically advantageous positions which allow them line of sight to the entire
site of ambush. They will also help conceal the guerilla attack force on positions
along the railway, such that when the attack begins they will emerge from all sides
of the convoy.
 e. When the convoy arrives and is halted, the guerilla forces are to eliminate any all
resistance and seize the convoy. Sniper will take out officers and other high
ranking personnel and then focus on eliminating soldiers.

f. If the attack goes sideways, the guerillas will signal for backup which will easily be
able to seize the stranded convoy from an already injured fighting force.

g. Once all resistance has been eliminated, the guerilla force will secure the convoy
and will only move onto the next task after the transport force has cleared out the
cargo. In the meantime they will help secure the area and the transport force.

4. Attacking road supply lines:

a. The CSAD will provide these strike teams with knowledge of supply convoys being
transported by road as well as their route. This will include the time and size of
the convoy as well as the size of the team defending it.

b. A guerilla force will identify a vulnerable point along the route with the help of
local guides. They will then reach and secure the area.

c. Before the convoy’s arrival:

i. The local guides shall help the snipers take up

strategically advantageous positions which allow them
line of sight to the entire site of ambush.

ii. Local guides will also help conceal the guerilla

attack force on positions along the selected stretch of
road, such that when the attack begins they will
emerge from all sides of the convoy.

iii. The demolitions expert will set up a number of

cartridge traps. A cartridge trap will consist of a
bamboo tube, nail, a piece of wood and any available
small ammunition round. The piece of wood is used as
a base. The bamboo tube will be placed upright on the
wooden base and a nail will be driven through the
wood to penetrate the bottom of the bamboo. The
cartridge is then to be squeezed into the bamboo so
that the primer is touching the point of the nail. These
are to be partially buried all along the road. The
position of these traps are to be clearly noted. These
will be used to puncture car tires and hurt soldiers
who dismount in panic.
iv. Further down the road a tree will be felled to
obstruct the road in case somehow a vehicle makes it
past.

v. A team of two will be stationed (very well

concealed) behind the point of attack to fell a tree
after the convoy crosses. This will prevent escape by
running in the direction that they came.

vi. Every other member of the force will take up

defended positions on either side of the road
sheltered by trees, at a high ground if possible.

d. After the convoy’s arrival:

i. The cartridge traps are to puncture car tires, in

case any car’s tires are intact the snipers are to shoot
them out.

ii. Any soldiers that dismount are to be picked off

by the guerillas who will shoot from their sheltered
positions.

iii. The soldiers are not to attack on foot lest they

fall prey to the cartridge traps.

iv. Once the guerillas and snipers have killed the

escort, they are to carefully disable all the cartridge
traps and reuse them, if impossible they are to set
them off using rocks and sticks. They will do so under
sniper cover so any hiding enemies can’t attack the
vulnerable soldiers.

v. If the attack is unsuccessful, the demolitions

experts are to use grenades to blow up the convoy and
salvage anything that remains.

vi. Once all resistance has been eliminated, the

guerilla force will secure the convoy and will only
move onto the next task after the transport force has
cleared out the cargo. In the meantime they will help
secure the area and the transport force.
 vii. In case a scout car is sent ahead the concealed
soldiers at before the attack point are to signal the
snipers after it passes, one will shoot the driver and
any accompanying soldiers. The other will shoot the
tires. The car will crash. If possible it will be moved out
of the way by driving it. If not it will be concealed as
best as possible. If intelligence indicates that the
scouts are to signal the convoy before it arrives, the
CSAD is to find out what the confirmation code is and
relay it to the cryptographer. If not possible, the
snipers will only shoot to incapacitate the drivers(
hands, legs, maybe chest If needed) and they will then
be tortured for the confirmation code. Failing this the
guerilla team is simply to wait in position, if the
convoy doesn’t come this information will be relayed
to the CSAD who will attempt to set up another
ambush.

5. Attacking water supplies:

a. CSAD shall be used to locate and identify water pipelines using their KMT
informants and any local sources of information.

b. Once these lines are identified, guerilla troops shall use their snipers under cover
of nightfall to covertly assassinate the guard unit stationed at critical points along
the pipe(if any)

c. This water shall then be cut off from KMT controlled cities starting with those in
the southeast and East, specifically Changchun, Jinzhou, Shenyang, Jinan and
Jehol.

d. The KMT forces in the city shall be informed that the pipelines shall remain closed
until the city’s unconditional surrender.

e. PLA troops shall be sent to secure control over the water line if deemed necessary
by the PLA high command.

Portfolio Requests

Before writing a directive or once a directive has been implemented, if a delegate needs specific
confidential information from their country before deciding on further course of action, they can send
in a portfolio request referencing the confidential/specific information required. The same can also be
used to get information about a delegate’s country’s own ministries, personnel or military
capabilities. Basically, it is a request to one’s government to provide up to date information about
something

Position Paper

A Position Paper is a pre-committee document that every delegate is expected to send. A Position
Paper is supposed to list down all the objectives that a country wants the committee to recognize and
adopt by the end of the committee session. Do remember that we only accept hand-written physical
copies of position paper before committee session one. The Executive Board does not recommend any
particular format to write the Position Paper but would appreciate it if the delegates stick to a
document that doesn’t exceed 3 pages

Introduction to the Agenda:

The Indo-Pak war of 1971 or the third India-Pakistan war was a direct military confrontation between
both countries during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
It began with a Pakistani election in 1970 wherein the Awami League in East Pakistan won 167 of
Pakistan’s 313 seats and therefore demanded the right to govern the country. This demand was
rejected by West Pakistan leading to massive civilian unrest in East Pakistan in the form of mass
arrests, protests and strikes. A lot of these strikes began to target and massacre Biharis which was
then used as justification by West Pakistan for military intervention.
Over the course of the military’s bid for control, it seized Dhaka and outlawed the Awami League.
Mujibur Rahman was captured on 25th March 1971 at night and the following day Major Ziaur
Rahman declared Bangladesh’s independence on Mujibur’s behalf.

On 27th March 1971, India’s prime minister endorsed the Awami League’s demand for self-
determination and opened up India’s borders to refugees fleeing the Hindu-targetting massacres
taking place across East Pakistan.

Other key events:

Bangladesh Liberation War:

An armed uprising by East Pakistan, led by the Awami League and carried out by the Mukti
Bahini(Awami League’s military wing) East Pakistan’s calls for independence began with several
disputes with West Pakistan which escalated into armed uprising after the events following the 1970
election. Some of these disputes included the language movement which involved West Pakistan
declaring Urdu the federal language and refusing to acknowledge Bengali, West Pakistan dominating
the nation politically and receiving significantly more funding and outrage over the West Pakistani
government’s ineffectiveness during Cyclone Bhola.

Operation Searchlight:

This was an operation carried out by the West Pakistani government to curb the Bengali nationalist
movement. It was justified by the massacre of Biharis and involved the targeting of intellectuals and
Hindus in East Pakistan.
The operation’s military objective was to disarm the Bengali personnel in the military, paramilitary,
and police forces, and capture key installations including the armory, radio station, and telephone
exchange as well as arrest/kill intellectuals and Bengali politicians in East Pakistan.
The operation was led by then-General Yahya Khan of Pakistan and put in action by General Tikka
Khan, who was the then martial law administrator of East Pakistan.

Admiral Ahsan Mission:

Following the political crisis that arose in Pakistan due to the controversy surrounding the 1970
election, a peace initiative was dispatched from the Pakistani government to East Pakistan. It was led
by Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan, the then governor of East Pakistan. The mission, after
conducting an investigation, recommended a number of measures that broadly aligned with the
Awami League’s six point movement. The mission’s recommendations received international support
including that of a reluctant India. West Pakistani political leaders supported it too, with the
exception of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto but ultimately the recommendations were bypassed.

Agartala Conspiracy case:

The Agartala Conspiracy case was a lawsuit filed in 1968 by the government of Pakistan against the
Awami League. It was formally known as state vs Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and others and was an
attempt to implicate Mujibur Rahman in secession conspiracies with the Indian government.
Ultimately the case failed and Mujibur Rahman was let go, emerging from arrest extremely popular.

Other relevant treaties and events:

We hope that delegates will familiarize themselves with the following events and documents so as to
engage in more fruitful debate:
1. Accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India was ratified by the state’s assembly (1954)
2. The Blood telegram(1971)
3. Resolution 211 of the UNSC(1965)
 4. Six Point Movement(1966)
5. 7th March Speech by Mujibur Rahman(1971)

Other ongoing conflicts around the world

● Vietnam war

The Vietnam War, which began in 1954 with the division of Vietnam into North and South,
continued into 1971 with North Vietnam aiming to reunify the country under communism,
while South Vietnam resisted. In early 1971, South Vietnamese forces launched Operation
Lam Son 719 in Laos to target North Vietnamese supply lines, but it exposed weaknesses in
South Vietnam's military command. The U.S. was gradually withdrawing, despite no progress
in the Paris Peace Talks, leading to declining morale, discipline, and increased drug use among
U.S. forces. As U.S. troops pulled out, security deteriorated, and North Vietnamese forces
launched attacks. Meanwhile, the Cambodian government lost ground to North Vietnamese
forces despite U.S. air support. Although bombing of North Vietnam had ceased in 1968, U.S.
airstrikes resumed in response to anti-aircraft fire.

● Civil war in Laos

The Lao Civil War, which began in the late 1950s, was a conflict between the communist
Pathet Lao, supported by North Vietnam, and the Royal Lao Government (RLG), backed by the
United States. By 1971, the war had become a key part of the broader Indochina conflict,
intertwined with the Vietnam War.

In 1969, the Royal Lao Army launched an offensive, supported by the U.S. Air Force, to reclaim
the Plain of Jars (Operation Raindance). Though initial success was followed by a Pathet Lao
and PAVN counterattack in June, the Royal Lao forces regained the Plain in September after
the Kou Kiet Campaign. North Vietnamese forces, including the 174th Regiment, had to
retreat to regroup.

In early 1970, a new Pathet Lao and PAVN offensive (Campaign 139) captured key locations,
including the Plain of Jars and Xieng Khoang. The Royal Lao forces withdrew, and Xam Thong
fell in March. Though PAVN withdrew from parts of the Plain by April, some forces remained
to support Pathet Lao.

Throughout 1970, North Vietnamese advances continued, leading to seesaw battles. South
Vietnam’s Operation Lam Son 719 in February 1971 aimed to disrupt the Ho Chi Minh Trail but
met strong PAVN resistance, forcing a withdrawal.

● Tensions in Germany
 In 1971, Berlin remained a focal point of Cold War tensions. The city was divided into West
Berlin, controlled by the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), and East Berlin, under the
German Democratic Republic (GDR). The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, physically and ideologically
separated the two halves, preventing East Germans from fleeing to the West. Despite the
Wall, West Berlin remained a democratic Island surrounded by communist East Germany.
Tensions between the superpowers over Berlin's status were eased somewhat by the Four-
Power Agreement in 1971, which improved access routes and relations between East and
West Berlin. However, the Wall continued to symbolize the division between East and West
during the Cold War.

● Situation in Africa

By 1971, the South African Border War and the Angolan War for Independence were closely
interlinked conflicts rooted in the regional struggle for independence and Cold War politics.
The South African Border War involved South Africa's defense of Namibia (then South West
Africa), which it controlled despite international opposition in violation of UNSC resolution
276. South African forces were engaged in counterinsurgency operations against the South
West African People's Organization (SWAPO), which sought Namibian independence and
operated from bases in Angola.

At the same time, Angola was experiencing its own Independence war, primarily between the
People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola(MPLA) and other movements such as UNITA
and FNLA and Portugal which held Angola as a colony. By 1971, these wars were becoming
deeply interconnected, with Namibia's fight for independence linked to the broader struggle
in Angola, all under the larger shadow of Cold War geopolitics.

Do Note that Namibia is represented in this committee as SWAPO while Angola is represented
by the Portuguese government for the purposes of more fruitful debate.

● Cambodian Civil war

In 1971, the Cambodian Civil War had become a critical theater in the wider Indochina
conflict, with far-reaching implications for the global Cold War. The war saw the Communist
Party of Kampuchea (the Khmer Rouge), supported by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong,
battling the forces of the Cambodian government, later renamed the Khmer Republic, which
was backed by the United States and South Vietnam. By this stage, the conflict was escalating
rapidly as the Khmer Rouge gained more power and territory, posing a growing threat to the
government in Phnom Penh.

The war in Cambodia was marked by intense fighting, with both sides receiving substantial
support from external powers. The United States intensified its involvement, continuing large-
scale bombing campaigns aimed at disrupting North Vietnamese supply lines and weakening
the Khmer Rouge. However, these bombings often caused widespread civilian casualties and
 displacement, fueling local resentment. Despite U.S. efforts, the Khmer Rouge’s advances
continued, signaling a turning point in the war as they positioned themselves as a formidable
force in the region.

● Middle East

The Six-Day War in June 1967 saw Israel decisively defeat Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, leading to
its occupation of the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, and Golan Heights. This
dramatically shifted the regional balance of power. Efforts to broker peace followed, including
UN Security Council Resolution 242, which called for Israel's withdrawal from occupied
territories in exchange for peace with its neighbors. However, negotiations faltered, leading to
growing frustration and resentment among Arab states, particularly Egypt and Syria, which
were determined to reclaim their lost lands.

In the years following the war, both Israel and the Arab states engaged in significant military
buildups. Egypt and Syria received military support and advanced weaponry from the Soviet
Union, while Israel was bolstered by substantial military aid from the United States. This
military escalation further entrenched tensions, setting the stage for future conflict in the
region.

Again, we urge delegates to note that this is simply a guide and is in no way sufficient research
for the conference. Please use this as a base to further your research.

Timeline
● 1 March: General Yahya Khan calls off the session of the National Council to be held on 3
March in a radio address.
● 7 March: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman – leader of Awami League party that had won a landslide
victory in Pakistan in the Federal Elections of 1970, but never been granted authority –
announces to a jubilant crowd at the Dhaka Race Course ground, "The struggle this time is the
struggle for our emancipation! The struggle this time is the struggle for independence!".
● 9 March: Workers of Chittagong port refuse to unload weapons from the ship 'Swat'.
● 16 March: Yahya Khan starts negotiation with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
● 19 March: Nearly 200 people are injured at Jaydevpur during clashes between protesters and
the Pakistan Army.
● 24 March: The Pakistan Army opens fire on Bengali protesters in Syedpur and Rangpur. About
150 people were killed.
● 25 March to 26 March: Pakistan Army starts crackdown in the form of Operation Searchlight in
Dhaka and the rest of the country, attacking general civilians, political activists, students, and
Bengali members of armed forces and police
● 26 March: At 1.15 am, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is arrested by the Pakistani 3 commando unit.
The Independence of Bangladesh was declared by Sheikh Mujibiur Rahman a few minutes
 before he was arrested by the Pakistani army. At 2.30 pm The Independence of Bangladesh
was declared by Awami league leader of Chittagong M. A. Hannan on behalf of Bangobondhu
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from Kalurghat. This is Bangladesh's official Independence Day.
● 27 March: Independence of Bangladesh is again declared by Maj. Ziaur Rahman on behalf of
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Santahar massacre committed by the Mukti Bahini
● 31 March: Kushtia resistance begins.
● 2 April: Jinjira massacre.
● 6 April: The Blood Telegram
● 10 April: A provisional Bangladesh government-in-exile is formed.
● 11 April: Radio address by Tajuddin Ahmad, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
● 12 April: M. A. G. Osmani takes up the command of Bangladesh Armed Forces.
● 17 April: A provisional government-in-exile took oath in Baidyanath Tala (now called
Mujibnagar) in Meherpur District
● 18 April: Battle of Daruin, Comilla and Battle of Rangamati-Mahalchari waterway, Chittagong
Hill Tracts
● 24 April: Formation of Bangladesh Action Committee at Coventry, UK by non-resident
Bangladeshis.
● 25 April to 15 August: Operation Jackpot by Mukti Bahini
● 28 April: Tajuddin pleads for arms aid to neighbors
● 5 May: Gopalpur massacre.
● 15 May: Indian army starts aiding Mukti Bahini.
● 20 May:The Chuknagar massacre takes place at Khulna where the Pakistan army kills nearly 10
thousand people
● 24 May: Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra finds home in Kolkata.
● 11–17 July: Sector Commanders Conference in 1971.
● 1 August: The Concert for Bangladesh in Madison Square Garden, New York by Ravi Shankar,
George Harrison and friends.
● 16 August: Operation Jackpot, Bangladesh naval commando operation.
● 20 August: Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman's attempt to defect by hijacking a fighter.
● 30 August: Pakistan Army crackdown on Dhaka guerrillas.
● 5 September: Battle of Goalhati, Jessore.
● 28 September: Bangladesh Air Force starts functioning
● 13 October: Dhaka guerrillas kill Abdul Monem Khan, governor of East Pakistan.
● 28 October to 3 November: Battle of Dhalai in which 3 companies (215 soldiers) of the Jat
Regiment (2 JAT) of Indian Army defeated a battalion (800 soldiers) of 30th Frontier Force
Rifles (30 FFR) of Pakistan Army.
● Hamidur Rahman of Mukti Bahini was posthumously awarded the Bir Sreshtho, the highest
recognition of bravery in Bangladesh.
● 31 October to 3 November: Battle of Dhalai: Allied attack from Tripura into East Pakistan to
stop Pakistani cross-border shelling.
● 9 November: Six small ships constitute the first fleet of the Bangladesh Navy.
● 14 November : The Battle of Kamalpur began.
● 16 November: Battle of Ajmiriganj, an 18-hour encounter between Mukti Bahini and the
Pakistan army. A famous freedom fighter, Jagatyoti Das, is killed.
● 20 to 21 November: Battle of Garibpur: India attacked Pakistani forces and captured Boyra
salient in East Pakistan
● 21 November: Bangladesh Armed Forces are formed
● 22 November : Indian Air Force (IAF) fighters engage Pakistani aircraft in aerial combat over
Boyra. This skirmish marks the first air battle of the conflict, resulting in the destruction of
several Pakistani Sabre jets. India establishes air superiority in this sector.
● 25 to 30 November : Pakistan mobilizes its forces on the western front (along the India-West
Pakistan border) to relieve pressure on the eastern front. Indian military movements on both
fronts are observed, suggesting an imminent conflict.
● 1 December : Indian Army continues its covert operations in East Pakistan, while mobilizing
large-scale military assets in the western theater. Pakistan ramps up defensive preparations in
both East and West Pakistan, fearing an all-out Indian assault.
● 3 December: Bangladesh Air Force destroys Pakistani oil depots
● 3 December: Pakistani preemptive airstrikes in India. As a result, India declares war against
Pakistan.