Here is a set of MCQs based on the provided statements:
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**1. What is the term for the small geographic area where a cellular base station uses a group
of allocated radio channels?**
A) Sector
B) Cluster
C) Cell
D) Footprint
**Answer:** C) Cell
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**2. The process of designing channel allocation for cellular base stations is called:**
A) Frequency hopping
B) Frequency reuse
C) Channel bonding
D) Trunking
**Answer:** B) Frequency reuse
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**3. The actual radio coverage area of a cell determined through field measurements is
termed:**
A) Cluster
B) Footprint
C) Sector
D) Grid
**Answer:** B) Footprint
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**4. If \( S = kN \), what does \( N \) represent?**
A) Channels per cell
B) Cluster size
C) Reuse factor
D) Number of sectors
**Answer:** B) Cluster size
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**5. Which is a typical cluster size in cellular systems?**
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9
**Answer:** C) 7
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**6. The frequency reuse factor is calculated as:**
A) \( N \)
B) \( 1/N \)
C) \( k/N \)
D) \( M/N \)
**Answer:** B) \( 1/N \)
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**7. Channel assignment strategies are classified as:**
A) Analog or Digital
B) Fixed or Dynamic
C) Centralized or Distributed
D) TDMA or CDMA
**Answer:** B) Fixed or Dynamic
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**8. In fixed channel assignment, if all channels are busy, the call is:**
A) Queued
B) Blocked
C) Transferred
D) Borrowed
**Answer:** B) Blocked
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**9. Dynamic channel assignment requires monitoring:**
A) Weather
B) Real-time channel occupancy
C) Battery levels
D) User billing
**Answer:** B) Real-time channel occupancy
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**10. The time a call stays in a cell without handoff is called:**
A) Holding time
B) Dwell time
C) Setup time
D) Busy hour
**Answer:** B) Dwell time
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**11. The locator receiver helps the MSC monitor:**
A) Mobile locations
B) Signal strength for handoffs
C) Channel assignments
D) Interference
**Answer:** B) Signal strength for handoffs
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**12. Mobile-assisted handoff is used in:**
A) 1G
B) 2G
C) 3G
D) 4G
**Answer:** B) 2G
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**13. An intersystem handoff occurs when:**
A) No intra-system cell is available
B) A user switches networks
C) The call is dropped
D) The signal is strong
**Answer:** A) No intra-system cell is available
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**14. Guard channels are reserved for:**
A) New calls
B) Handoff requests
C) Emergency services
D) Data traffic
**Answer:** B) Handoff requests
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**15. Cell dragging is caused by:**
A) High-speed vehicles
B) Pedestrians with strong LOS signals
C) Rain fading
D) Frequency interference
**Answer:** B) Pedestrians with strong LOS signals
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**16. A hard handoff involves:**
A) Changing channels
B) Using multiple channels
C) Signal amplification
D) No channel change
**Answer:** A) Changing channels
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**17. Soft handoff allows a mobile to:**
A) Use multiple base stations
B) Avoid handoffs
C) Increase power
D) Switch channels seamlessly
**Answer:** A) Use multiple base stations
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**18. The two main types of cellular interference are:**
A) Co-channel and adjacent channel
B) Thermal and intermodulation
C) Uplink and downlink
D) Atmospheric and man-made
**Answer:** A) Co-channel and adjacent channel
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**19. Co-channel interference arises from:**
A) Adjacent frequencies
B) Same-frequency cells
C) High traffic
D) Antenna misalignment
**Answer:** B) Same-frequency cells
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**20. The co-channel reuse ratio \( Q \) depends on:**
A) Cell radius
B) Cluster size
C) Transmission power
D) Number of sectors
**Answer:** B) Cluster size
---
**21. Adjacent channel interference is due to:**
A) Same-cell signals
B) Nearby frequencies
C) High power
D) Different clusters
**Answer:** B) Nearby frequencies
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**22. Trunking enables:**
A) Spectrum sharing
B) Higher data rates
C) Longer battery life
D) Secure calls
**Answer:** A) Spectrum sharing
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**23. Grade of Service (GOS) measures:**
A) Signal strength
B) Call blocking probability
C) Data throughput
D) Coverage area
**Answer:** B) Call blocking probability
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**24. Cellular busy hours typically occur:**
A) 4–6 PM on Thursdays/Fridays
B) Early morning
C) Midday
D) Weekends
**Answer:** A) 4–6 PM on Thursdays/Fridays
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**25. Traffic intensity is measured in:**
A) Erlangs
B) Decibels
C) Watts
D) Hertz
**Answer:** A) Erlangs
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**26. A GOS of 2% blocking implies:**
A) 2% of calls are delayed
B) 2% of calls are blocked
C) 2% channels reserved
D) 2% users prioritized
**Answer:** B) 2% of calls are blocked
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**27. Blocked calls cleared assume a ______ distribution.**
A) Gaussian
B) Poisson
C) Binomial
D) Exponential
**Answer:** B) Poisson
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**28. The Erlang B formula models:**
A) Blocked calls delayed
B) Blocked calls cleared
C) Dynamic assignment
D) Sectoring
**Answer:** B) Blocked calls cleared
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**29. Which technique increases cellular capacity?**
A) Cell splitting
B) Frequency modulation
C) Error correction
D) Multiplexing
**Answer:** A) Cell splitting
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**30. Microcells increase capacity by:**
A) Reducing cell size
B) Using higher frequencies
C) Increasing power
D) Wider channels
**Answer:** A) Reducing cell size
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**31. Antenna downtilting limits:**
A) Coverage
B) Interference
C) Power usage
D) Signal strength
**Answer:** A) Coverage
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**32. Sectoring uses ______ to reduce interference.**
A) Omni-directional antennas
B) Directional antennas
C) Higher gain
D) Diversity antennas
**Answer:** B) Directional antennas
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**33. Partitioning a cell into three 120° sections is called:**
A) 60° sectoring
B) 120° sectoring
C) 180° sectoring
D) 360° sectoring
**Answer:** B) 120° sectoring
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**34. Co-channel interference reduction depends on:**
A) Number of sectors
B) Cluster size
C) Both A and B
D) Cell size
**Answer:** C) Both A and B
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These MCQs cover key concepts from the provided statements, with clear answers and
plausible distractors.
