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XvKv †evW© 2023 welq ˆKvW 1 0 9

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| wb‡P X I Y `ywU `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP †`Iqv n‡jv| Zvi 6| kÖg (L) (GKK) †gvU Drcv`b (Q)
wfwˇZ wb‡¤œv³ cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 1 4
X-`ªe¨ Y-`ªe¨ cÖvß we›`y 2 10
0 70 A 3 14
40 60 B 4 17
50 50 C
K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kx? 1
60 40 D
70 0 E
L. `xN©Kv‡j w¯’i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b (TP) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
K. kÖgwbweo Drcv`b †KŠkj Kx? 1 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z_¨ Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i?
L. Ôwe‡kl Afve mmxgÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 7| wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K (X = 40, Y = 45) GKK Ges (X = 70, Y = MC

60) GKK Drcv`b m¤¢e wK? hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki| 4 P.R.C AC

2| A Ges B `ywU †`k| A †`‡k AwaKvsk m¤ú` I Drcv`‡bi

DcKiY¸‡jvi Ici miKvwi gvwjKvbv weivR K‡i Ges Drcv`b 30
F
P = AR = MR

eÈbmn ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ †K›`ªxq KZ…©cÿ MÖnY K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, B 20

10
†`k my`gy³fv‡e A_©e¨e¯’v cwiPvwjZ nq| G‡`‡k abx I `wi‡`ªi O
100 200
Q

g‡a¨ e¨eavb `~i Kivi Rb¨ abx‡`i m¤ú‡`i Ici Mwi‡ei AaKvi Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
cÖwZôv I Av`v‡qi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq| K.wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kx? 1
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx? 1 L.ÔGK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR > MRÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. Ôe¨vwóK A_©bxwZ I mvgwóK ci¯úi cwic~iKÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M.DÏxc‡Ki dvg©wUi fvimvg¨ wbY©q K‡i gybvdvi cwigvY †ei Ki| 3
M. ÔAÕ †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©? Zvi N.DÏxc‡Ki dvg©wU Mo e¨q (AC) F we›`y w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡j gybvdvi
ˆewkó¨mg~n †jL| 3 Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e Zv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †`k `ywUi A_©e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK 8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 P, R, C
3| GKRb †fv³vi ÔXÕ `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwigvY I cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc 23 E3
MC
AC
†fv‡Mi GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 20 E2
AVC
18
1g 10 10 10
E1
E0
AR
2q 18 MR Q
3q 6 0 140

4_© 28 K. dvg© Kx? 1

5g 2 L. Ò†µZv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i, we‡µZv bqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
6ô 30 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
7g Ñ2 N. DÏxc‡Ki AC †iLv E2 we›`y w`‡q Mgb Ki‡j fvimv‡g¨i Ici
Kx cÖfve co‡e? wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. cwieZ©K `ªe¨ Kx? 1 9| GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z †fvM mgxKiY (C) = 100 + 0.5Y , wewb‡qvM (I) = 185,
L. ¯^vfvweK `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K miKvwi e¨q (G) = 415, Avg`vwb (M) = 100, ißvwb (X) = 70|
wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 K. RvZxq Avq Kx? 1
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ m~wPwUi LvwjNi c~Y© Ki| DÏxc‡K A_©bxwZi L. Ôe¨w³i †fvM Zvi †gvU Avq bq eis e¨q‡hvM¨ Av‡qi Ici
†Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 wbf©i K‡iÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK M. DÏxcK Abymv‡i fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡K wewb‡qvM I ißvwb e„w× †c‡q h_vµ‡g 400 Ges 120 n‡j
4| Pvwn`v mgxKiY Qd = 45  5P †hLv‡b D = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, P = fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
`ª‡e¨i `vg| 10| ÔXÕ GKwU e¨vsK| e¨vsKwU AvgvbZ MÖnY, wewfbœ Lv‡Z FY cÖ`vb I
K. Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 wewbgq wej evÆvKi‡Yi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i| GQvovI
L. Pvwn`v wK ïay `v‡gi Ici wbf©ikxj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 e¨vsKwU wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ð m¤ú„³ n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk
M. DÏxc‡K Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Yi wfwˇZ Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 wPwKrmv, Aby`vb, mvgvwRK ebvqb Ges Mwie †gavex‡`i e„wË
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q Ki Ges `ª‡e¨i cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mgvR †mevq f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|
cÖK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
5| GKwU dv‡g©i `ªe¨ weµ‡qi cwigvY Ges `ª‡e¨i `vg wb¤œiƒc L. A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
`ªe¨ weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) `ª‡e¨i GKK cÖwZ `vg (P) M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsKwU wPwýZ K‡i Gi Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
1 50 N. mgvR †mevq DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsKwUi f‚wgKv h‡_ó wKbv
2 45 hyw³mnKv‡i gZvgZ `vI| 4
3 40 11| GKwU †`‡k †gvU wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 100, wewnZ gy`ªvi
4 35 cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 15, e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 50 I e¨vsK
m„ó gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 10 Ges †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 50|
5 30 K. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? 1
K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K ÔwbKvk NiÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2
L. KvwiMwi Ávb cwieZ©b n‡j µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai M. DÏxcK n‡Z wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Av‡jv‡K †`kwUi
Ici Kx cÖfve c‡o? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Avq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) †e‡o
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv A¼b Ki 100 n‡j A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e? DÏxc‡Ki
Ges evRv‡ii cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
 3

ivRkvnx †evW© 2023

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| avb (GKK) cvU (GKK) K. Drcv`b Kx? 1
00 50 L. KLb P = AR = MR nq? 2
30 40 M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
40 30 N. hw` weµ‡qi cwigvY e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Mo Avq Kg‡Z _v‡K Z‡e Zv
50 00 DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© n‡e wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z wbe©vPb Kx? 1 7| G
SMC
SAC
L. A_©bxwZ‡Z mKj Afve GKmv‡_ c~iY Kiv m¤¢e nq bv †Kb? 2

`vg, Avq, e¨q

P2 P = AR = MR
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 E
N. av‡bi Drcv`b 30 GKK Ae¯’vq cv‡Ui Drcv`b 300 GKK P1
F
Drcv`b m¤¢e wKbv? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
2| cyw®úZv GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnY Kivi Rb¨ ÔXÕ O Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
M
†`‡k Mgb Kij| †m‡`‡k bvMwiK‡`i Rxeb LyeB RuvKRgKc~Y|©
K. Wz‡qvcwj Kx? 1
†mLv‡b m¤ú‡`i gvwjKvbv, Drcv`b, eÈb Ges †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î
L. GK‡PwUqv Kvievix Kxfv‡e `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i? 2
e¨w³i c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv we`¨gvb| †hLv‡b Zvi wb‡Ri †`‡k, ¯^v¯’¨,
M. DÏxcK †_‡K †gvU gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3
evwYR¨ BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î miKvwi wewb‡qv‡Mi cvkvcvwk e¨w³MZ
N. SAC †iLv hw` ÔGÕ we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i Z‡e gybvdvi Ici Kx
wewb‡qv‡MiI my‡hvM Av‡Q|
cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. m¤ú` Kx? 1
L. Ôm¤ú‡`i e¨w³gvwjKvbv abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq †kÖwY‰elg¨ m„wó 8|
SMC
`vg, Avq, e¨q SAC
K‡iÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 f
P2
M. ÔXÕ †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 g
P1
N. cyw®úZvi †`‡ki mv‡_ ÔXÕ †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi Zzjbv Ki| 4 e AR
3| Qs =  5 + 5p
†hLv‡b, Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY, P = `vg| MR
K. A‡cÿK Kx? 1 O Q Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
L. Pvwn`v †iLv wK me©`vB Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx? 2 K. g‡bvcmwb Kx? 1
M. DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU †hvMvb‡iLv A¼b Ki| 3 L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dvg©‡K `vgMÖnxZv ejv nq †Kb? 2
N. `vg 4 I 5 we‡ePbv K‡i cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK †_‡K †hvMv‡bi M. DÏxcK n‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdv wbY©q Ki Ges D³ gybvdv †Kvb ai‡bi? 3
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q Ki Ges gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gybvdv wK mKj †ÿ‡Î AR©b Kiv m¤¢e?
4| `ªe¨ (GKK) †gvU Dc‡hvM (GKK) gZvgZ `vI| 4
1g 10 9| C = 50 + 0.5Y, I = 100, G = 200
2q 16 †hLv‡b, C = †fvMe¨q, Y = RvZxq Avq,
3q 20 I = wewb‡qvM e¨q, G = miKvwi e¨q|
4_© 20 K. ¯^qs¤¢‚Z †fvM Kx? 1
K. Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb Kx? 1 L. cÖevmx‡`i Avq GDP †Z AšÍf³ z© nq bv †Kb? 2
L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KLb k~b¨ nq? 2 M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. miKvwi e¨q wظY Kiv n‡j RvZxq Av‡qi Ici Kx cÖfve
N. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ Dc‡hvM wewawU †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Kvh©Ki co‡e DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
nq bv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 10| wbU RvZxq Avq (NNP) = 20,000 †KvwU UvKv|
AePq e¨q (DC) = 2,000 †KvwU UvKv|
5| Drcv`b (Q) †gvU w¯’i e¨q †gv cwieZ©bxq wbU ißvwb (X  M) = 5,000 †KvwU UvKv|
(GKK) (TFC) e¨q (TVC) K. CNP-Gi c~Yi© ƒc Kx? 1
1 100 60 L. e¨w³i PjwZ Av‡qi m¤ú~Y©UvB wK e¨q‡hvM¨? 2
2 100 100 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GDP wbY©q Ki| 3
3 100 260 N. wbU ißvwb k~b¨ n‡j DÏxc‡Ki GNP I GDP-Gi g‡a¨ Kx
4 100 500 cwieZ©b Avm‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. †gvU Avq Kx? 1 11| cwj I gwj `yB †evb| cwj Ggb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b PvKwi
L. `xN©Kv‡j w¯’i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb? 2 K‡ib hv‡K gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK ejv nq| GwU †bvU cÖPjb,
M. DÏxcK n‡Z Mo e¨q (AC) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 gy`ªv wbqš¿YI K‡i| gwj Ab¨ GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡ib
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MC †iLv A¼b K‡i †iLvwUi AvK…wZ †hwU RbM‡Yi wbKU n‡Z AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Ges ¯^í I ga¨g
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 †gqvw` FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
6| weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) (GKK) †gvU Avq (TR) Mo Avq (AR) K. wbKvk Ni Kx? 1
3 300 100 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq¯’j ejv nq †Kb? 2
4 400 100 M. cwj †Kvb ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡ib? wPwýZ Ki| 3
5 500 100 N. cwj I gwji Avw_©K cÖwZôvb `ywUi Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
6 600 100 we‡kølY Ki| 4
 4

h‡kvi †evW© 2023

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| wb‡Pi m~wP‡Î ÔavbÕ I ÔcvUÕ Dcv`‡bi wewfbœ mswgkÖY †`Lv‡bv n‡jvÑ K. GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
mswgkÖY av‡bi Drcv`b (gY) cv‡Ui Drcv`b (gY) L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR nq †Kb? 2
A 0 30
B 30 20
M. DÏxc‡Ki dvg©wUi gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
C 40 0 N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î Mo e¨q †iLvi (AC) Ae¯’vb †Kgb cwieZ©b n‡j
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 dvg©wU ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. gvbyl‡K †Kb wbe©vP‡bi mgm¨vq co‡Z nq? 2 7| 2020 mv‡ji Av‡M Ôgvwnb gÛv wgVvBÕ †Kv‡bv GK kn‡ii mg¯Í wgwói
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 †hvMvb wbqš¿Y KiZ| d‡j †µZv‡`i eva¨ n‡q AwaK `v‡g †mLvb †_‡K
N. GKB mv‡_ 40 gY avb I 25 gY cvU Drcv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv I †hŠw³KZv
wgwó wKb‡Z n‡Zv| wKš‘ 2020 mvj †_‡K ÔRvIqv` wgóvbœ fvÛviÕ, Ôgv‡qi
we‡kølY Ki| 4
2| jvwgqv Ges dvwiqv `ywU wfbœ †`‡k evm K‡ib| jvwgqvi †`‡k †`vqvÕ, Ô†fvRb iwmKÕ mn AviI A‡bK dvg© IB kn‡i wgwó wewµ ïiæ
†K›`ªxqfv‡eB A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘ dvwiqvi †`‡k K‡i| d‡j Ôgvwnb gÛv wgVvBÕ Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv AwaK `vg MÖnY Ki‡Z
†K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi D‡`¨vMI jÿ Kiv hvq| cv‡i bv| †µZvivI Av‡Mi †P‡q Kg `v‡g wgwó wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| Ôgvwnb
K. e¨vwóK A_©bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j? 1 gÛv wgVvBÕ I Av‡Mi g‡Zv gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
L. AZ©bxwZ‡Z me Afve GK m‡½ c~iY Kiv m¤¢e bq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 K. evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
M. DÏxc‡K jvwgqvi †`‡k we`¨gvb A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi wZbwU ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. ÔGK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí AwfbœÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
N. DÏxc‡K dvwiqvi †`‡ki mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi †Kv‡bv Awgj
M. 2020 mv‡ji Av‡M Ògvwnb gÛv wgVvBÓ A_©bxwZi †h evRvi‡K
_vK‡j Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
3| wb‡Pi m~wP‡Z Avwid mv‡n‡ei Av‡cj †fvM †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi Z_¨ wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi wZbwU ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
†`Iqv n‡jv : N. 2020 mv‡ji Av‡M I c‡i Ògvwnb gÛv wgVvBÓ-Gi gy b vdv AR© b
Av‡cj †fv‡Mi †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM cÖwµqvq Kx ai‡bi cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nq? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
GKK (TU) (MU) 8| wZb LvZwewkó GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z Y = C + I + G, C = 60 + 0.7Y, I = 150
1 25 Ges G = 90| †hLv‡b Y = RvZxq Avq, C = †fvM e¨q, I = wewb‡qvM e¨q
2 45
3 60 Ges G = miKvwi e¨q|
4 70 K. wewb‡qvM Kv‡K e‡j? 1
5 75
6 75 L. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq? 2
7 70 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v †iLv (AD) A¼b K‡i fvimvg¨
K. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j? 1 RvZxq Avq (Y) wPwýZ Ki| 3
L. †fv³vi ÔiæwPÕ µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai Ici Kxfv‡e cÖfve †d‡j? 2
N. hw` wewb‡qvM 50 GKK n«vm cvq Ges miKvwi e¨q 50 GKK e„w× cvq
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ e¨envi K‡i Avwid mv‡n‡ei cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (MU)
†iLv A¼b Ki| 3 Z‡e fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ e¨envi K‡i Avwid mv‡n‡ei †gvU DcKiY (TU) I 9| †gŠmy w g kviwgb †eZb †c‡q 10,000 UvKv Rgv w`‡q ÔKÕ e¨vs‡K GKwU
cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi (MU) g‡a¨ m¤úK© wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 wnmve Lyj‡jb| e¨vs‡Ki g¨v‡bRvi Zv‡K ej‡jb †h, ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©‡k
4| †`Iqv Av‡Q, Pvwn`v mgxKiY Qd = 16  4P Ges †hvMvb mgxKiY Qs =  2 Zv‡`i‡K Avgvb‡Zi 10% A_© wiRvf© wn‡m‡e Rgv ivL‡Z nq| Aewkó
+ 2P, †hLv‡b, Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY Ges P = UvKv eû¸Y FY m„wói gva¨‡g Zviv FY w`‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e ÔLÕ e¨vsK wewfbœ
`ª‡e¨i `vg| nvwZqvi e¨envi K‡i ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb cÖwµqv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i|
K. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j? 1
K. gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. mqvweb †Z‡ji `vg e„w× †c‡j mwilvi †Z‡ji Pvwn`vi cwiv‡Yi Ici
Kx cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq¯’j ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg, Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cwigvY MvwYwZK M. DÏxc‡K ÔLÕ †h ai‡bi e¨vsK Zvi wZbwU ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
c×wZ‡Z wbY©q Ki| 3 N. ÔKÕ e¨vs‡K †gŠmygx kviwg‡bi RgvK…Z Avgvb‡Zi eû¸Y FY m„wói
N. `vg hLb 2 UvKv nq ZLb evRvi fvimv‡g¨i Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve c‡o? cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 10| †Kv‡bv A_©bxwZ‡Z wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 500 GKK, wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb
5| wb‡Pi Q‡K Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v w¯’i †i‡L kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ MwZ (V) = 20, e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY (M) = 400 GKK Ges e¨vsK A‡_©i cÖPjb
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
MwZ (V) = 15, A_©bxwZ‡Z †gvU †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 100|
kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM (L) 1 2 3 4 5 6
K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1
†gvU Drcv`b (TP)
40 70 90 100 100 90 L. †gvevBj e¨vsK Kxfv‡e e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
(†gwUªK Ub)
M. DÏxcK n‡Z wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY e¨envi K‡i `vg¯Íi (P) wbY©q Ki| 3
K. Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. ¯^íKv‡j †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq †Kb? 2 N. DÏxc‡K wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) I e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY (M) wظY
M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 Kiv n‡j wdkv‡ii gy`ªvi cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
N. K…wl‡Z AvaywbK cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewawUi 11| †Kv‡bv †`‡k †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó eQ‡i †gvU †fvM e¨q (C) = 650 wgwjqb UvKv,
Kvh©KvwiZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) = 275 wgwjqb UvKv Ges miKvwi e¨q (G) = 350 wgwjqb
6| GKwU dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimvg¨ Ae¯’v wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv : UvKv| A_©bxwZ‡Z †gvU ißvwb Avq (X) = 150 wgwjqb UvKv Ges Avg`vwb
P.R.C
MC e¨q (M) = 125 wgwjqb UvKv|
AC
P K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) Kv‡K e‡j? 1
`vg, Avq, e¨q

150 P = AR = MR
100
L. mÂq I wewb‡qvM Kxfv‡e m¤úwK© Z ? 2
80 E M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †`‡k IB eQ‡i hw` AePq e¨q 60 wgwjqb UvKv nq Z‡e
O Q
170 200
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY RvZxq Av‡q †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Avm‡e wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 5

Kzwgjøv †evW© 2023

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| A-`ªe¨ (GKK) B-`ªe¨ (GKK) K. dvg© Kx? 1
0 40 L. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vg m„wóKvix ejv nq? †Kb? 2
10 30 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K dv‡g©i gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3
30 10 N. hw` AC †iLv F we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i Z‡e fvimv‡g¨i †ÿ‡Î Kx
40 0
cwieZ©b n‡e? wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. `vg cÖwµqv Kx? 1 7| wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
L. my‡hvM e¨q ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 Y MC AC
M. DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3

`vg, Avq, e¨q

N. cÖvß Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi †cÖwÿ‡Z A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Ges g›`v P1 E P = AR = MR
Kxfv‡e wb‡`©k K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 P2 F
2| ågY wccvmy GK e¨w³ Ggb GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv †`b, †h
†`‡ki cÖwZwU A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ miKvi KZ…©K wbqwš¿Z nq| ZvQvov Drcv`b, eÈb,
X
†fvM, wewbgq mewKQy †K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘ Zvi wbR †`‡k O M
ïay miKvi bq, †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡MI †ewkifvM A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nq| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
K. A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Kx? 1 K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kx? 1
L. kÖg-wbweo Drcv`b †KŠkj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 L. Ôc~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dvg©‡K `vgMÖnxZv ejv nqÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K D³ e¨w³i wbR †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi wZbwU ˆewkó¨ M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z dvg©wUi †gvU e¨‡qi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
D‡jøL Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K dvg©wUi ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î Mo e¨q †iLv †Kvb
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `ywU †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki| 4
we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4
3| Pvwn`v A‡cÿK Qd = 60  10P
†hvMvb A‡cÿK Qs = 30 + 5P 8| Z †`‡ki †fvM e¨q A‡cÿK : C = 100 + 0.5Y
cwiewZ©Z †hvMvb A‡cÿK, Qs = 15 + 5P wewb‡qvM e¨q, I = 100
GLv‡b, P = `ª‡e¨i `vg, Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY| miKvwi e¨q, G = 100
K. Pvwn`v Kx? 1 cwiewZ©Z wewb‡qvM e¨q, I = 150
L. cwic~iK `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e? 2 K. AePq e¨q Kx? 1
M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. GDP I GNP-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2
N. Pvwn`v w¯’i †_‡K †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j fvimvg¨ `vg I M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
cwigv‡Yi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? wPÎmn we‡kølY Ki| 4
4| GKRb †fv³vi Dc‡hvM m~wP wb¤œiƒcÑ N. wewb‡qv‡Mi cwieZ© ‡ b fvimvg¨ †fvM e¨q I RvZxq Av‡qi †h
cwieZ©b nq Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4
`ª‡e¨i GKK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
9| ÔKÕ †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 2000, wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V)
1g 18
2q 15 = 5, FYc‡Îi cwigvY (M) = 1000, FYc‡Îi MwZ (V) = 2 Ges evwY‡R¨i
3q 10 cwigvY (T) = 100| GLb V, V Ges T w¯’i Ae¯’vq M I M wظY nq|
4_© 6 1
A‡_©i g~j¨ Vm = P|
5g 4
6ô 0 K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
7g Ñ4 L. ÔwbKvk NiÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
K. wM‡db `ªe¨ Kx? 1 M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖv_wgK I cwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq Vm wbY©q Ki| 3
L. ¯^‡Y©i Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK nq †Kb? 2 N. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡wU we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi GKwU m~wP ˆZwi Ki| 3 10| wg. wmivRyj Ggb GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib, †hB e¨vsKwU FY wbqš¿Y,
N. DÏxc‡K A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki? Zv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4 `vg¯Í‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv iÿv I wbKvk Ni m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i|
5| Rwgi cwigvY DcKiY (kÖg) †gvU Drcv`b (TP) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) Ab¨w`‡K, wg. wgRvb †h e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib †mB e¨vsKwU AvgvbZ MÖnY,
1 GKK 1 Rb 50 gY 50 gY FY AvgvbZ m„wó I g~jab MVb m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i|
1 GKi 2 Rb 90 gY 40 gY K. A‡_©i Pvwn`v Kx? 1
1 GKi 3 Rb 120 gY 30 gY L. †gvevBj e¨vswKs µgk RbwcÖq n‡q DV‡Q †Kb? 2
1 GKi 4 Rb 140 gY 20 gY M. DÏxc‡K wg. wgRvb I wg. wmivRyj †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib?
K. Mo e¨q Kx? 1 e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
L. ¯^íKv‡j w¯’i e¨‡qi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx? 2 N. wg. wmivRyj †h e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib †m e¨vsK Kx Dcv‡q Ab¨vb¨
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ m~wP‡Z Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ÿgZv wbqš¿Y K‡i? we‡kølY Ki| 4
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewawU K…wl Qvov Avi †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM n‡Z
cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³ `vI| 4 11| GKRb †fv³vi GKwU `ª ‡ e¨i Pvwn`v m~ w P wb¤œ iƒc :
6| wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : `ª‡e¨i `vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Q)
60 80
Y
F
MC AC 50 100
P
G K. civwgwZ Kx? 1
`ª‡e¨i `vg

L. Pvwn`v wK ïayB `v‡gi Ici wbf©i K‡i? 2

E
AR
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 3
MR
O Q
X N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbiƒcY K‡i `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZi
`ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
 6

PÆMÖvg †evW© 2023

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| GKwU †`‡k Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv‡KB we`¨gvb e¨e¯’vq A_©‰bwZK 7| GKwU Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii wewµ I Av‡qi wnmve wb¤œiƒcÑ
weKv‡ki gyL¨ wbqvgK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| †mLv‡b †fv³vi wewµi cwigvY `vg †gvU Avq Mo Avq cÖvwšÍK Avq
¯^vaxbZv †hgb we`¨gvb, †Zgwb gybvdv m‡e©v”PKiYB D‡`¨v³v‡`i (GKK) (P) (TR) (AR) (MR)
g~j jÿ¨| 01 15 15 15 Ñ
K. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi msÁv `vI| 1 02 13 26 13 11
L. †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vq c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi aviYv Abycw¯’Z? 2 03 11 33 11 07
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨mg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 04 09 36 09 03
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ A_©e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’vi
05 07 35 07 01
Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv Zz‡j ai| 4
2| K K. ¯^íKvj Kx? 1
T1 L. KLb AC = MC nq? 2
(g~jab)

T2
M. DÏxc‡K †`Iqv Z_¨vbyhvqx Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi m¤úK©
IQ wP‡Î cÖKvk Ki| 3
O L (kÖg) N. DÏxc‡K P = 15-Gi †ÿ‡Î evRviwU c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx? 1 evRv‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡j weµ‡qi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i TR I MR-Gi Dci
L. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq †Kb Amg eÈb cwiw¯’wZi m„wó nq? 2 Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v `vI| 4
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 8| Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß 10wU †eKvwi dvg© cÖ‡Z¨‡KB MgRvZxq iæwU I we¯‹zU
N. GKwU Rbeûj Dbœqbkxj †`‡k DÏxc‡Ki T1 I T2 Drcv`b Drcv`b K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K dvg©B wbR¯^ c‡Y¨i Avjv`v Avjv`v weÁvcb w`‡jI
†KŠk‡ji †KvbwU AwaK hyw³hy³? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 gybvdv m‡e©v”PKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ wb‡R‡`i g‡a mwgwZ MVb K‡i‡Q| hw`I D‡`¨vMwU
3| GK e¨w³ 1g GKK Kjv †_‡K 10 GKK Dc‡hvM jvf K‡i| djcÖm~ bv nIqvi A‡bK ev¯Íe KviY evRvi ˆewk‡ó¨B jyKv‡bv Av‡Q|
cieZ©x 2q, 3q, 4_©, 5g I 6ô GKK †_‡K h_vµ‡g 10, 8, 5, 1 K. wkí Kx? 1
I Ñ 4 GKK Dc‡hvM jvf K‡i| L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i c‡Y¨i cÖK…wZ Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
K. Dc‡hvM cwigv‡ci GKK Kx? 1 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ evRv‡ii ¯^iƒc D‡jøL Ki| 3
L. Dc‡hv‡Mi msL¨vMZ cwigvY h_v_© bq †Kb? 2 N. DÏxc‡Ki evRviwU Kxfv‡e GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z
M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi GKwU cv‡i? hyw³ `vI| 4
ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki| 3 9| wb‡Pi wPÎwU ch©‡eÿY Ki Ges mswkøó cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI :
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM P/AR/MR/AC/MC

†iLvi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki| 4

H
4| Rbve ÔXÕ †KwRcÖwZ 55 UvKv a‡i cÖwZw`b 5 †KwR †gvUv Pvj µq K‡ib| P3
F MC AC
f
ZLb Zvi Avq ˆ`wbK 500 UvKv| †KwR cÖwZ Pv‡ji `vg 45 UvKv n‡j wZwb P2 G
e AR
g
ˆ`wbK 3 †KwR Pvj µq K‡ib| hw`I GLb Zvi ˆ`wbK Avq 555 UvKv| P1
h E
K. Xvj Kx? 1 MR
Q
O
L. Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv k~b¨ nq KLb? 2 Q1
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
M. Rbve ÔXÕ-Gi †gvUv Pv‡ji Pvwn`v mgxKiYwU MVb Ki| 3 K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii kZ© D‡jøL Ki| 1
N. ÔXÕ e¨w³i Avq e„w× m‡Ë¡I †gvUv Pv‡ji Pvwn`v †Kb Kg‡Q? L. ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI dvg© Drcv`b K‡i †Kb? 2
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi Av‡jv‡K NUbvwU e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 M. DÏxcK †_‡K dvg©wUi fvimvg¨ `vg, Drcv`‡bi cwigvY I
5| GKwU †`‡ki ÔAÕ e¨vsK †`kwUi gy`ªv evRv‡ii Awffve‡Ki f‚wgKv A¯^vfvweK gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3
cvjb K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K ÔBÕ e¨vsK RbM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K AvgvbZ N. DÏxc‡K dvg©wU hw` ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i Z‡e wP‡Îi
MÖnY K‡i Ges wewfbœ †gqv‡` FY weZiY K‡i| †iLv¸‡jv Kxfv‡e cybwe©b¨¯Í n‡e? wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1
10| †`Iqv Av‡Q S =  75 + 0.75Y
L. ÔAv_©mvgvwRK gh©v`vi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 I = 300
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ÔAÕ e¨vsKwUi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 †hLv‡b, S = mÂq, Y = RvZxq Avq Ges I = wewb‡qvM|
N. gvwjKvbv, D‡Ïk¨ I FY `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK `ywUi Zzjbvg~jK K. miKvwi e¨q Kx? 1
Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 L. GNI †_‡K NNI Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq? 2
6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi `vI : M. DÏxcK †_‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi wPÎ A¼b Ki| 3
Drcv`b (Q) GKK `xN©Kvjxb †gvU e¨q TC N. DÏxc‡K wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY wظY n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq
1 15 Av‡qi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e wPÎmn we‡kølY Ki| 4
2 18
3 20 11| †Kvb †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªv (M) = 2000; wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ
4 28 (V) = 8; FYc‡Îi cwigvY (M) = 1000; FYc‡Îi cÖPjb MwZ
5 40 (V) = 4; †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 1500|
K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 K. wbKvkNi Kx? 1
L. ÔcÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv me©`v wb¤œMvgx nq bvÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. `vg¯Íi e„w× A_©g~‡j¨i mv‡_ Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU e¨q †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 M. DÏxcK †_‡K `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi (MC) N. DÏxc‡K (M) = 1000 Ges (M) = 500 n‡j cwiewZ©Z
m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 `vg¯Íi I A‡_©i g~‡j¨i m¤úK© wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
 7

wm‡jU †evW© 2023

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| wb‡P ÔXÕ †`‡ki avb I fzÆv Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ mswgkÖY †`Iqv n‡jvÑ K. cÖvwšÍK LiP Kv‡K e‡j? 1
mswgkÖY avb fzÆv L. `xN©Kv‡j w¯’i LiP _v‡K bv †Kb? 2
M 00 24 M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡i †gvU LiP (TC) wbY©q Ki| 3
N 12 21
P 21 12 N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ Abyhvqx hw` GKwU Mo LiP (AC) †iLv A¼b Kiv nq,
Q 24 00 Z‡e Zvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. m¤ú‡`i Ô`y®úÖvc¨ZvÕ Kv‡K e‡j? 1 7| †mvnvM Mv‡g©›Um (wj.)-Gi Drcv`b I evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡Pi wP‡Î
L. ÒAmxg Afv‡ei mv‡_ wbe©vPb mgm¨vi m¤úK© i‡q‡QÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 †`Iqv n‡jvÑ
M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 (Y) SMC
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx av‡bi Drcv`b 24 GKK n‡j fzÆvi Drcv`bI 24 GKK
Kiv m¤¢e n‡e wKbv?Ñ h_vh_ hyw³mn †Zvgvi gZvgZ we‡kølY Ki| 4 20
2| †bvgvb Ggb GKwU †`‡ki D”Pwkÿv MÖn‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ wM‡q‡QbÑ †h †`‡ki 15
10 AR = MR
miKvi mKj m¤ú‡`i gvwjK Ges RbM‡Yi Drcv`b, eÈb I †fv‡Mi
5
†ÿ‡Î miKvi †K›`ªxqfv‡e cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K, †bvgv‡bi
†`‡k Drcv`K I †fv³v wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv †fvM K‡i| O Drcv`b
5 10 15 20 25 (X)
miKvi A_©bxwZi †Kv‡bv Lv‡Z n¯Í‡ÿc K‡i bv|
K. wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’v Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ GK bq †Kb? 2 L. dvg© I wkí GK A‡_© e¨en„Z nq bv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx †bvgvb †h †`‡k D”Pwkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Z wM‡q‡Qb †m M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx fvimvg¨ we›`y, `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki (h_vh_ hyw³
†`‡ki we`¨gvb A_©e¨e¯’vi wZbwU ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 we‡kølYmn)| 3
N. DÏxc‡K †bvgvb †h †`‡k D”Pwkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Z wM‡q‡Qb †m †`‡ki N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î †mvnvM Mv‡g©›Um‡K hw` ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z nq,
A_©e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi Zzjbv Ki| 4 Z‡e Gi Mo LiP (AC) †iLvi Ae¯’vb †`LvI I Gi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
3| wb‡Pi ZvwjKvq Kgjvi wewfbœ GKK †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hvM m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ 8| †`Iqv Av‡Q, †fvM A‡cÿK : (C) = 50 + 0.5Y
†`Iqv n‡jv :
mq¤¢‚Z wewb‡qvM (I) = 100
Kgjv (GKK) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (BDwUj)
1 16 miKvwi e¨q (G) = 30

2 12 K. PviLvZ wewkó A_© b xwZi RvZxq Av‡qi mgxKiYwU †jL| 1

3 8 L. we‡`wk‡`i Avq GNP †Z AšÍf³ z© nq bv †Kb? 2
4 4 M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
5 0 N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx miKvwi e¨q 50 GKK e„w× Kiv n‡j RvZxq Av‡qi
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j? 1 Ici †Kgb cÖfve co‡e? MvwYwZK e¨vL¨vmn we‡kølY Ki| 4
L. ÔmsL¨vMZ I ch©vqMZ Dc‡hvM-Gi aviYvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡QÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 9| †`qv Av‡Q,
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ e¨envi K‡i GKwU †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK : C = 150 + 0.5Y
N. DÏxc‡Ki ZvwjKv A_©bxwZi †Kvb Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©? †mB K. ˆØZ MYbv mgm¨v Kx? 1
ZË¡wU †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Kvh©Ki nq bv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY I RvZxq †`kR Drcv`b KLb GKB cwigvY
4| †`qv Av‡Q,
n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
Pvwn`v mgxKiY : Q = 20  5P
K. A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 M. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKi‡Y RvZxq Av‡qi (Y) wewfbœ cwigvY †`wL‡q GKwU
L. PjK I aªæeK †Kb GK bq? 2 †fvM ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Y `ª‡e¨i `vg 1, 2 I 3 UvKv a‡i GKwU N. DÏxcK n‡Z RvZxq Av‡qi (Y) wewfbœ ¯Í‡i m‡qi cwigvY wbY©q
Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 K‡i mÂq †iLv AuvK Ges AvK…wZ we‡kølY Ki| 4
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx `ª‡e¨i `vg 3 (wZb) UvKv †_‡K †e‡o 4 (Pvi) UvKv n‡j 10| ÔXÕ †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 500
Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ we‡kølY Ki| 4 wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 10
5| wb‡Pi †Uwe‡j Kgjvi Drcv`b m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ †`Iqv Av‡Q : e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY (M1) = 400
f‚wgi cwigvY (GKK) g~jab (GKK) kÖg (GKK) †gvU Drcv`b (GKK) e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V1) = 5
50 2500 1 60 †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 500
50 2500 2 100 K. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
50 2500 3 120
L. Ô†gvevBj e¨vswKsÕ Kxfv‡e e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
50 2500 4 130
M. DÏxcK n‡Z `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? 1
N. DÏxc‡K Ab¨vb¨ cwigvY w¯’i †i‡L ïay wewnZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi
L. ¯^íKv‡j Drcv`‡bi mKj DcKiY cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi cwigvY¸‡jv wbY©q Ki| 3 cwigvY wظY Kiv n‡j g~j¨¯Í‡ii Ici †Kgb cÖfve co‡e? MvwYwZK
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewai mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©? cÖvwšÍK cÖwµqvq wbY©q Ki| 4
Drcv`b †iLv A¼bc~e©K we‡kølY Ki| 4 11| bymivZ Ggb GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib, †hwU RbM‡Yi bM` A_© Rgv
6| Mv‡g©›Um e¨emvqx wg. bvwnb-Gi ˆZwi †cvkvK KviLvbvi Drcv`b e¨q iv‡L Ges RbMY‡K wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K,
m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jvÑ bymiv‡Zi eÜy †h e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib Zv †`‡ki gy`ªv mieivn wbqš¿Y K‡i
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY †gvU w¯’i e¨q †gvU cwieZ©bkxj I gy`ªv Qvcv‡bvi GK”QÎ AwaKvi †fvM K‡i|
(GKK) (TFC) UvKv e¨q (TVC) UvKv K. gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? 1
1 10 8 L. `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡j¨i m¤úK© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
2 10 14
M. DÏxcK n‡Z bymiv‡Zi PvKwiiZ e¨vs‡Ki wZbwU ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
3 10 20
4 10 38 N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx bymiv‡Zi eÜyi PvKwiiZ e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK
5 10 80 w¯’wZkxjZv iÿvq Kxfv‡e f‚wgKv iv‡L? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 8

ewikvj †evW© 2023

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| X-†`k Y-†`k K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1
¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v mylg Dbœqb L. kÖg‡K Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY ejv nq †Kb? 2
me©vwaK gybvdv AR©b, me©vwaK mvgvwRK Kj¨vY M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Drcv`b (TP) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
D‡`¨v‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Abycw¯’wZ N. DÏxc‡Ki m~wPwU Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i? we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? 1 7| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
L. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v Kxfv‡e m„wó nq? 2 Y MC

M. ÔYÕ †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? 3

`vg, Avq, e¨q

15 AC
N. ÔXÕ I ÔYÕ †`‡ki `vge¨e¯’v wK GKB? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 10
e
P = AR = MR
2| Y
5
g~jab

X
0 300 500
P
Y2 Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
Q
Y1 Q0 K.RvZxq evRvi Kx? 1
O X L.AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK nq †Kb? 2
X1 X2
kÖg M.DÏxcK †_‡K dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
K. wbe©vPb Kx? 1 N.DÏxc‡K dv‡g©i Mo e¨q 5 UvKv n«vm †c‡j gybvdvi Ici Kx
L. Ôe¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ci¯úi cwic~iKÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡K †h †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi K_v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q 8| jvwee mv‡ne ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ `ywU cY¨ µq Ki‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb ÔKÕ
Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 cY¨wU eûmsL¨K we‡µZv wfbœ wfbœ iO I AvKv‡ii †gvo‡K weµq
N. DÏxc‡K P I Q we›`yi g‡a¨ †Kvb we›`ywU wbe©vPb Kiv K‡i‡Qb| Aciw`‡K ÔLÕ cY¨wU AmsL¨ †µZv-we‡µZvi
evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ hyw³hy³? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 Dcw¯’wZ‡Z wbw`©ó `v‡g µq-weµq n‡”Q|
3| ÔAÕ I ÔBÕ `ywU `ªe¨| ÔBÕ `ª‡e¨i `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 15
K. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kx? 1
UvKv n‡j ÔAÕ `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm †c‡q 100 GKK †_‡K
L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i `vg wfbœ nq †Kb? 2
50 GKK nq|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cY¨ `ywU †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ mswkøó? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K. Xvj Kx? 1
L. wejvmRvZ `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK nq †Kb? 2 N. cY¨ `ywUi evRv‡ii g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki| 4
M. ÔBÕ `ª‡e¨i `v‡gi wfwˇZ ÔAÕ `ª‡e¨i †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 9| GKwU A_©bxwZi †fvM I wewb‡qvM mgxKiY wb¤œiƒc
N. AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q K‡i `ªe¨Ø‡qi cÖK…wZi Ici C = 75 + 0.5Y
I = 200
gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Kx? 1
4| ÔXÕ `ª‡e¨i cÖwZ GK‡Ki `vg hLb 50 UvKv ZLb †hvMv‡bi cwigvY 100 L. RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci mgq ïay P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mev AšÍfz©³
GKK| `vg †e‡o 100 UvKv n‡j †hvMvb †e‡o nq 150 GKK|
Kiv nq †Kb? 2
K. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kx? 1
M. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiY e¨envi K‡i fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
L. †fv³vi iæwP I Af¨vm Kxfv‡e †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2
M. DÏxcK A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewawU cÖKvk K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. miKvwi e¨q (G) 300 UvKv hy³ n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q K‡i djvd‡ji Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 10| wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 800
5| GKwU dv‡g©i Drcv`b I e¨q m~wP wb¤œiƒc wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 50
e¨vsK gy`vª i cwigvY (M) = 400
Drcv`b †gvU w¯’i e¨q †gvU cwieZ©bkxj
e¨vsK gy`vª i cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 25
(Q) (UvKv) e¨q (UvKv)
†jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 1000
1 4 8
K. PjwZ AvgvbZ Kx? 1
2 4 14
3 4 17 L. FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †LjvevRvi bxwZ Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i? 2
4 4 24 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
5 4 36 N. DÏxc‡K wewnZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY Ki‡j A‡_©i
g~‡j¨i Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. Mo Avq Kx? 1
11| Rbve ivB` GKwU cÖwZôv‡b PvKwi K‡ib| Zvi cÖwZôvbwU AvgvbZ
L. Drcv`‡bi ïiæ‡Z Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? 2
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Mo e¨q (AC) m~wP ˆZwi Ki| 3 MÖnY, FY cÖ`vb Ges ÿz`ª ÿz`ª mÂq GKwÎZ K‡i g~jab MV‡b
N. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvß cÖvwšÍK LiP (MC) †iLvi AvK…wZ m¤ú‡K© mnvqZv K‡i| GQvov cÖwZôvbwU cÖevmx‡`i A_© †`‡k †cÖiY,
gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 g~j¨evb wRwbmcÎ jKv‡i msiÿY I ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ mnvqZvi
6| wb‡Pi m~wPwU jÿ Ki : cvkvcvwk wkÿve„wË cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
kÖg (GKK) †gvU Drcv`b (GKK) K. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? 1
1 30 L. A_© Kxfv‡e g~‡j¨i cwigvcK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? 2
2 70 M. Rbve ivB`-Gi cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôvb?
3 130 e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
4 210 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZôvbwUi Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
 9

w`bvRcyi †evW© 2023

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : 6| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
iwdK wgqvi GK weNv Rwg‡Z avb Drcv`b nq 30 gY| Avevi cvU Y

Drcv`b Ki‡j nq m‡e©v”P 20 gY| †m Zvi Rwg‡Z GKB cwigvY avb (K) IQ3
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 2 GKK kÖg I 10 GKK cyuwR e¨envi K‡ib| Avevi 8 IQ2
c 90
GKK kÖg I 1 GKK cyuwRI e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| kÖg I cyuwRi 6 IQ
1
b 60
mswgkÖ‡Yi cwieZ©‡b Gi Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| 4
a 30
2
K. `vg cÖwµqv Kx? 1 O
X
1 2 3 (L)
L. m¤ú‡`i ¯^íZv †Kb †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v? 2
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ avb I cvU Drcv`‡bi ms‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki Ges K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kx? 1
L. `xN©Kv‡j w¯’i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb? 2
msÁvwqZ Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡K Kx ai‡bi gvÎv Mo Drcv`b Kvh©Ki Av‡Q? we‡kølY Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ kÖg I cyuwRi `ywU mswgkÖ‡Yi g‡a¨ †KvbwU N. DÏxc‡K IQ2 Ges IQ3 wb‡`©wkZ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY h_vµ‡g 70 Ges 120
evsjv‡`‡ki †ÿ‡Î hyw³hy³? we‡kølY Ki| 4 n‡j gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
2| wb‡Pi Z_¨m~‡Îi Av‡jv‡K cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI : 7| wb‡Pi wPÎ A I B evRv‡ii AR I MR †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
¯^qswµq `vg e¨e¯’v Y

Y
†fv³vi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ A-†`k e¨w³MZ m¤ú`
AR = MR
MR AR
kÖwgK †kvlY O X
O
wPÎ : A-evRvi wPÎ : B-evRvi
†K›`ªxq cwiKíbv
K. g‡bvcmwb Kx? 1
L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiv hvq bv †Kb? 2
†fv³vi Ici c~Y© wbqš¿Y B-†`k Av‡qi mylg eÈb M. wP‡Î A I B †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. A evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ e¨vL¨v Ki hLb AC †iLv AR †iLvi Dc‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i| 4
ivóªxq m¤ú` 8| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv (Scarcity) Kv‡K e‡j? 1 Y

L. wbe©vPb †Kvb †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 P,R,C MC

AC
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ A I B †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v‡K D`vniYmn wPwýZ Ki| 3 60
C
N. A I B †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi mgš^‡q AviI †Kv‡bv A_©e¨e¯’vi Aw¯ÍZ¡ E
Luy‡R cvIqv hvq wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 40

3| wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : AR

MR
†fv‡Mi GKK (Q) †gvU Dc‡hvM (TU) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (MU) O 90
X (cwigvY)
1 10 10
K. dv‡g©i fvimv‡g¨i cÖ_g kZ© (necessary condition) Kx? 1
2 8
3 24
L. AR †iLv KLb wb¤œMvgx nq? 2
4 4 M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z dvg©wUi gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3
5 30 N. AC †iLv C we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j dvg© Kx ai‡bi gybvdv jvf Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
6 0 9| GKwU RvZxq Avq g‡Wj wb¤œiƒc :
Y=C+I+G
K. Xvj (Slope) Kv‡K e‡j? 1 I = 20
L. wM‡db `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLv †Kb EaŸ©Mvgx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 G = 50
C = 100 + 0.4Y
M. DÏxc‡Ki Lvwj N‡i Dchy³ Z_¨ ewm‡q m~wPwU c~Y© Ki| 3
K. cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv Kx? 1
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ L. †Kvb Ae¯’vq GNP > GDP nq? 2
m¤úK© wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
4| nvmvb mv‡ne evRvi †_‡K wb¤œiƒc Pvwn`v m~wP Abyhvqx X I Y `ªe¨ µq K‡ib : N. fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
X `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`vi Y `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`vi cwigvY 10| ÔXÕ Ggb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, hv IB †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v wbqš¿Y K‡i
`vg (P) Ges †bvU cÖPjb K‡i| ÔYÕ Ab¨ GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, hv RbM‡Yi KvQ
cwigvY (DX) (DY)
10 120 100 †_‡K AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Ges FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| Dfq cÖwZôvb
15 40 90 †`‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b KvR Ki‡jI Zv‡`i jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨ wfbœ|
K. A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ Kx? 1
K. Pvwn`vi wba©viK Kx? 1 L. †Kvb gvby‡li A‡_©i Pvwn`v m„wó nq? 2
L. †hvMvb I gRy‡`i g‡a¨ Kxfv‡e cv_©K¨ Kiv hvq? 2 M. X I Y Kx ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K X `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. ÒDfq cÖwZôvb †`‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b KvR Ki‡jI Zv‡`i jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨
N. X I Y `ª‡e¨i g‡a¨ †KvbwUi Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 wfbœÓÑ Dw³wUi mZ¨Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4
5| wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : 11| †Kv‡bv GKwU †`‡ki A_© evRv‡ii Z_¨mg~n wb¤œiƒc :
Drcv`b (Q) †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) †gvU e¨q (TC) wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 200
1 10 14 wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 10
2 10 20 e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 100
3 10 24 e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 5
4 10 40 µqK…Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY (T) = 100
5 10 60
K. A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v Kx? 1
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 1 L. A_©‡K g~‡j¨i cwigvcK ejv nq †Kb? 2
L. hLb MC > AC nq ZLb †gvU LiP Kxfv‡e cwieZ©b nq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ `vg¯Íi KZ n‡e? 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K TVC †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K M = 400 Ges M = 200 n‡j A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Ici Kxiƒc
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ AC I MC-Gi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki| 4 cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 10

gqgbwmsn †evW© 2023

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| wg. Rb-Gi e¨w³MZ wewb‡qvM K‡i D‡`¨v³v nIqvi cÖej AvMÖn| wKš‘ 6| wb‡Pi ZvwjKvwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
Zvi †`‡k Gi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB| †mLv‡b mKj A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ Drcv`‡bi GKK (Q) †gvU Avq (TR)
miKvi Øviv wbqwš¿Z| Zvi †dmeyK eÜy wg. eªvDb wbR D‡`¨v‡M wewb‡qvM 1 400
K‡i cÖPzi gybvdv AR©b K‡i Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi A‡bK we¯Í…wZ NwU‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ 2 700
†mLv‡b †kÖwY ˆelg¨ Ges kÖwgK †kvlY we`¨gvb| 3 900
K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kx? 1 4 1000
L. wbe©vPb mgm¨vwU g~jZ Kx Kvi‡Y D™¢‚Z? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 5 1000
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. Rb-Gi †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨mg~n eY©bv Ki| 3 6 900
N. DÏxc‡K wg. Rb Ges wg. eªvDb-Gi A_©e¨e¯’vi wgkÖY NwU‡q wK A_©e¨e¯’v K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? 1
ˆZwi Kiv hvq? †mB A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewk󨸇jv D‡jøL Ki| 4 L. me©`vB AC > AVC nq †Kb? 2
2| Y `ªe¨ M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Avq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AR I MR †iLv A¼b Ki Ges G‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úK© †`LvI| 4
A B 7| wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
Y1 F PCR
E C MC
Y2

`vg, Avq, e¨q

O X `ªe¨ H AC
X1 X2 D 10
G
K. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v Kx? 1 5
E AR
L. wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’vq g~j¨ Kxfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq? †jL| 2
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨‡qi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 MR
N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, GKRb Drcv`bKvixi c‡ÿ E, F Ges C we›`y‡Z O 100
Q
Drcv`b
Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kx? 1
3| Pvwn`v m~wP jÿ Ki Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i we‡µZv‡K `v‡gi mÖóv ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
`vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Q) M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
5 30 GKK N. AC †iLv H we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j Kx ai‡bi gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e?
10 20 GKK DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
15 10 GKK 8| QKwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
K. Pvwn`v Kx? 1 A B
L. ÔAv‡qi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b nqÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 GKRb we‡µZv eûmsL¨K we‡µZv
eûmsL¨K †µZv eûmsL¨K †µZv
M. Dc‡iv³ m~wP †_‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
`vg wbqš¿Y `ª‡e¨i GKwU wba©vwiZ `vg
N. DÏxc‡K `vgw¯’i _vKv Ae¯’vq hw` †fv³vi Avq e„w× cvq, Z‡e wK
Pvwn`v †iLvi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e? gZvgZ `vI| 4 K. gybvdv Kx? 1
4| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ †Kb? 2
Y
M. A †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ evRvi `ywUi g‡a¨ †µZviv †Kvb evRv‡i AwaKZi
mš‘wó AR©b K‡i? hyw³mnKv‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM I `vg

20 a
9| RvZxq Avq Y = r + w + i + 
15
b †hLv‡b r = LvRbv, w = gRywi, i = my`,  = gybvdv,  = †hvMdj|
K. mvgwMÖK Avq Kx? 1
10 c L. RvZxq Avq wnmv‡ei mgq †KejgvÎ ÔP‚ovšÍ `ªe¨Õ AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq †Kb? 2
MU
M. DÏxc‡K RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci †Kvb c×wZ wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v `vI| 3
O X N. RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci G c×wZ Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Kvh©Ki wKbv Zv
5 10 15
`ª‡e¨i GKK
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j? 1 10| wg. Avjg GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ, hv †`‡ki mKj Avw_©K
cÖwZôvb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© cÖ`vb I FY wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K,
L. Ô`v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© mggyLxÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
wg. wknv‡ei cÖwZôvbwU e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e Rgv iv‡L
M. D³ wPÎ †_‡K µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 Ges wewfbœ e¨w³ I cÖwZôvb‡K wewfbœ †gqv‡` FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
N. wP‡Î MU †iLvwU f‚wg Aÿ‡K †Q` K‡i AviI wb‡P Mgb Ki‡j `vg I K. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? 1
cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j ejv nq †Kb? 2
5| ZvwjKvwU jÿ Ki Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : M. wg. Avjg †Kvb ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
f‚wgi kÖg I †gvU Drcv`b †gvU Drcv`b e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
cwigvY g~jab (TP) (MP) N. wg. wknv‡ei Avw_©K cÖwZôvbwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡b Kx f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i? we‡kølY Ki| 4
1 †n±i 1000 20 KzB›Uvj 20 KzB›Uvj 11| wg. ÔXÕ GKRb A_©bxwZ wel‡qi cÖfvlK| wZwb †kÖwYK‡ÿ gy`ªvi g~j¨ I
1Ó 2000 50 Ó 30 Ó `vg¯Íi-Gi m¤úK© wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb weL¨vZ
1Ó 3000 70 Ó 20 Ó A_©bxwZwe`-Gi e³e¨ †ck K‡ib| e³e¨wU n‡jv, Ògy`ªvi µqÿgZv I
1Ó 4000 80 Ó 10 Ó `vg¯Íi wecixZfv‡e m¤úK©h³ y |Ó gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY n‡j `ª‡e¨i `vg¯Íi
wظY nq wKš‘ gy`ªvi g~j¨ A‡a©K nq|
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 1 K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
L. ¯^íKv‡j w¯’i LiP _v‡K †Kb? 2 L. e¨vsK nvi Kxfv‡e gy`ªvi †hvMvb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2
M. D³ ZvwjKv n‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai †iLvwPÎ A¼b Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e³e¨wUi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z ZË¡wU Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki wbw`©ó cwigvY Rwg‡Z AwZwi³ kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM Ki‡j N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx gy`ªvi cwigvY Pvi¸Y n‡j gy`ªvi g~j¨ KZ n‡e? GKwU
Drcv`b ev‡o wKš‘ mgnv‡i ev‡o bv welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 MvwYwZK D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
 11

XvKv †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| wKewiqv mv‡ne GKRb miKvwi Kg©KZ©v| wZwb m¤úÖwZ BD‡iv‡ci K. Mo Avq Kx? 1
GKwU †`k ågY K‡ib| wZwb jÿ K‡ib, D³ †`‡ki Rxebhvcb L. †gvU w¯’i LiP †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
c×wZ Zvi wbR †`k †_‡K Avjv`v| ågYK…Z †`‡ki mKj m¤ú‡`i M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg, Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
gvwjK ivóª Ges evRv‡i Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †bB| A_P Zvi †`‡k N. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z_¨ †Kvb evRvi e¨e¯’v‡K mg_©b K‡i? hyw³ `vI| 4
m¤ú‡`i gvwjKvbv e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK Ges mgv‡R ˆelg¨ we`¨gvb| 6| P, AC, MC, AR, MR
MC
K. Afve Kx? 1
AC
L. Ôm¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨Zv A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi g~j wfwËÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M

M. wKewiqv mv‡n‡ei ågYK…Z †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v Pvjy P0

E
AR = MR
i‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, wKewiqv mv‡n‡ei wbR †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi Q
O Q0
†P‡q f…gYK…Z †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v AwaKZi †kÖq Dˇii
K.c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kx? 1
mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
2| Qd = 25 – 2P L.ÔGK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí AwfbœÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
Qs = – 5 + P M.DÏxc‡K E we›`y‡Z gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
K. A‡cÿK Kx? 1 N.AC †iLvi me©wb¤œ we›`y hw` M nq, Zvn‡j dvg©wUi fvimvg¨
L. me mgq Av‡qi cwieZ©‡b Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b nq bv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 Ae¯’v we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 7| X I Y `ywU cY¨| X cY¨wUi evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ we‡µZv| Aciw`‡K,
Y c‡Yi evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv-we‡µZvi mgvMg i‡q‡Q Ges mgRvZxq
N. `vg 7 UvKv n‡j fvimv‡g¨i Dci Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e
cY¨ Drcv`‡b cÖwZ‡hvwMiv Aev‡a cÖ‡ek I cÖ¯’v‡bi my‡hvM cvq|
we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. fvimvg¨ Kx? 1
3| Y L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR nq †Kb? 2
T M. X c‡Y¨i evRviwU †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
b N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `yB ai‡bi evRv‡ii cv_©K¨ †jL| 4
10 8| mvgwMÖK Avq (Y) †gvU mÂq (S) †gvU wewb‡qvM (I)
a 400 100 200
5
S 500 200 200
X 600 300 200
O 10 20
K. mvgwMÖK Avq Kx? 1
K. Pvwn`v Kx? 1 L. mÂq I wewb‡qv‡Mi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? 2
L. cwieZ©K `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcK †_‡K wewb‡qvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ST †iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wP‡Î ST †iLv‡K wK †hvMvb †iLv ejv hvq? 9| C = 50 + 0.25Y
Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 I = 50, G = 50
4| Drcv`b (Q) w¯’i LiP (TFC) †gvU LiP (TC) K. RvZxq Avq Kx? 1
1 10 20 L. RvZxq Avq MYbvq P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ AšÍf©y³ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
2 10 25 M. fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wbY©q Ki| 3
3 10 28 N. miKvwi e¨q wظY n‡j fvimv‡g¨i Dci Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e
4 10 35 we‡kølY Ki| 4
5 10 45 10| Avjg mv‡ne Ggb GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib †hwU gy`ªv Qvcvq I
6 10 60 FY wbqš¿Y K‡i| Aciw`‡K, iweb mv‡ne Ab¨ GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi
K‡ib †hwU RbMY †_‡K AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i I FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
K. Drcv`b Kx? 1
K. gy`ªv Kx? 1
L. Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î ¯^íKv‡j w¯’i Li‡Pi Aw¯ÍZ¡ we`¨gvb _v‡K L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii e¨vsK ejv nq †Kb? 2
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K Avjg mv‡n‡ei e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Drcv`‡bi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i TVC I MC wbY©q K‡i N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsK `ywUi cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
m~wP AvKv‡i †`LvI| 3 11| GKwU †`‡k †gvU wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY M = 1000 I cÖPwjZ MwZ V
N. cÖvß m~wP †_‡K MC †iLv A¼b K‡i Gi AvK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 = 20| GB †`‡k e¨vsKm„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY M = 600 Ges cÖPjb MwZ
5| Q (Drcv`b ) TR (Avq) V = 10, †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY T = 1000|
1 10 K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
2 20 L. †gvevBj e¨vswKs ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb? 2
3 30 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
4 40 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †`kwU‡Z †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY K‡g 800 Ges
5 50 e¨vsK gy`ªvi cwigvY K‡g 500 n‡j `vg¯Í‡ii Dci Kx cÖfve
6 60
co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 12

ivRkvnx †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| †mv‡n‡ji evev GKRb Mwie K…lK| wZwb miKvi †_‡K eq¯‹ fvZv †c‡jI 6| ÔKÕ dv‡g©i Drcv`b e¨‡qi Z_¨ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv :
cuvPR‡bi msmv‡i Zv ch©vß bq| †mv‡n‡ji `yB †evb ¯‹z‡j c‡o| †mLv‡b Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (Q) †gvU e¨q (TC) (nvRvi UvKvq)
webvg~‡j¨ cvV¨eB cvq| †mv‡nj miKvwi K‡j‡R c‡o| Aciw`‡K, Zvi eÜy 1 GKK 5
†emiKvwi K‡j‡R c‡o| †mv‡n‡ji K‡jR †Wªm I e¨vM cÖ‡qvRb| evev‡K 2 GKK 9
wb‡q A‡bK¸‡jv †`vKvb Ny‡i †`Lj| Zvi evevi hv mvg_©¨ Zv‡Z GKm‡½ 3 GKK 12
`ywU wRwbm wK‡b †`Iqv m¤¢e bq| ZvB `ywUi g‡a¨ †Kvb wRwbmwU wKb‡e Zv
4 GKK 16
wb‡q wØavMÖ¯Í n‡q coj|
5 GKK 22
K. A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Kx? 1
L. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq cÖwZ‡hvwMZv _v‡K bv †Kb? 2 K. cÖvwšÍK Avq Kx? 1
M. †mv‡n‡ji †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Pvjy Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Mo Avq (AR) I cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR)
N. DÏxc‡K †mv‡n‡ji `ªe¨ µ‡q wØavMÖ¯ÍZv †Kvb ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK †iLv GKB nq †Kb? 2
mgm¨v‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 M. DÏxcK n‡Z Mo e¨q (AC) wbY©q K‡i mƒwP‡Z †`LvI| 3
2| wbw`©ó m¤ú` I PjwZ cÖhyw³ mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b m–wP wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv : N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q
(MC)-Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
X `ªe¨ Y `ªe¨ mswgkÖY 7| DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki :
120 GKK 00 GKK A Y
MC
AC
100 GKK 50 GKK B
50 GKK 100 GKK C G AVC
25
00 GKK 120 GKK D

Avq/eÅh/`vg
E
20 AR = MR = P
K. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’v Kv‡K e‡j? 1 15 H
L. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’v I abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL| 2 10
M. DÏxc‡K Z_¨ n‡Z GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 5
N. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë kZ©mv‡c‡ÿ GKB m‡½ X `ª‡ei 100 GKK Ges O
2 4
X
Y `ª‡e¨i 100 GKK Drcv`b m¤¢e wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ Drcv`Gbi cwigvY
hyw³ `vI| 4 K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kx? 1
3| †ejvj mv‡ne GKwU `ª‡e¨i wewfbœ GKK †fvM K‡i †h Dc‡hvM †c‡jb L. dvg© I wk‡íi `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL| 2
Zv wb¤œiƒc : M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K dv‡g©i ÿwZi cwigvY wbiƒcY Ki| 3
N. DÏxcK fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vq ¯^íKv‡j dvg© Drcv`b Pvwj‡q hv‡e wK?
Kgjv (GKK) †gvU Dc‡hvM (BDwUj)
†Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
1 15 8| GKwU Øxc †Rjvq eûmsL¨K gyiwMi Lvgvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K Lvgvwi‡K
2 25 iwng mv‡n‡ei wbKU †_‡K gyiwMi Lv`¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| iwng mv‡ne
3 30 B”Qvg‡Zv `vg evwo‡q AwaK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡jI Lvgvwiiv `vg
4 30 evov‡Z cv‡i bv| iwng mv‡n‡ei AwaK gybvdvi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i A‡b‡KB
5 25 gyiwMi wW‡gi e¨emvq †Q‡o Lv‡`¨i e¨emvi w`‡K SzuK‡Q|
K. PjK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kx? 1
L. Pvwn`v wewa‡Z Avq w¯’i aiv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí GKB e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM mƒwP ˆZwi Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡K Lvgvwi‡`i gyiwMi wW‡gi Drcv`b I wecYb †h evRv‡ii
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© AšÍf³z© Zvi wZbwU ˆewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡K gy iwMi wW‡gi Drcv`b I wecY‡bi mv‡_ iwng mv‡n‡ei gy iwMi
Lv‡`¨i evRv‡ii Zzjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
4| wewfbœ `v‡g GKwU `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cwigvY wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv :
9| 2020-21 A_©eQ‡i ÔKÕ †`‡ki †gvU †fvM e¨q (C) 20,000 †KvwU UvKv,
`vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Qd) †hvMv‡bi cwigvY (Qs) wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) 5,000 †KvwU UvKv, miKvwi e¨q (G) 10,000 †KvwU UvKv,
5 UvKv 150 GKK 50 GKK ißvwb Avq (X) 5,000 †KvwU UvKv Ges Avg`vwb e¨q (M) 600 †KvwU UvKv|
10 UvKv 100 GKK 100 GKK K. wbU RvZxq Avq (NNP) Kx? 1
15 UvKv 50 GKK 150 GKK L. ˆØZ MYbvi mgm¨v Kxfv‡e cwinvi Kiv hvq? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔKÕ †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Avq (GNI) wbY©q Ki| 3
K. A‡cÿK Kx? 1
N. Ab¨vb¨ e¨q w¯’i †_‡K miKvwi e¨q e„w× †c‡q 15,000 †KvwU UvKv n‡j
L. ¯^‡Y©i Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv †Kgb n‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡q Kx cwieZ©b n‡e Zv wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`LvI| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ n‡Z wP‡Îi gva¨‡g fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 10| †`Iqv Av‡Q, mÂq mgxKiY S = 100 + 0.5Y, wewb‡qvM (I) = 200|
N. m~wP‡Z DwjøwLZ `vg ¯Í‡i Pvwn`v w¯’i †_‡K †hvMv‡bi cwigvY 100 GKK K‡i K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) Kv‡K e‡j? 1
e„w× †c‡j fvimv‡g¨i Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. †Kvb ai‡bi †fvM Av‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj bq eywS‡q †jL| 2
5| Kwig cuvP GKi Rwg‡Z cÖ_g eQi `k nvRvi UvKvi kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM M. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiY e¨envi K‡i fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq (Y) wbY©q Ki| 3
K‡i 200 †KwR gvëv Drcv`b K‡ib| jvfRbK nIqvq cieZ©x wZb eQ‡i N. wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY 400 n‡j RvZxq Av‡qi Kx cwieZ©b n‡e Zv
GKB cwigvY Rwg‡Z h_vµ‡g 20 nvRvi UvKv, 30 nvRvi UvKv I 40 wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
nvRvi UvKvi kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM K‡i h_vµ‡g 350 †KwR, 450 †KwR 11| awi, wewnZ gy`ªv (M) = 1000, wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 5, FYc‡Îi
Ges 500 †KwR gvëv Drcv`b K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi cwiev‡ii Avw_©K m”QjZv cwigvY (M) = 500, FYc‡Îi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 2, †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY
wd‡i Av‡m| (T) = 1000|
K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 K. AvgvbZ Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) †iLv †Kb f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. evsjv‡`‡ki `yB UvKvi †bvU †Kb mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b mƒwP ˆZwi Ki| 3 M. DÏxcK n‡Z wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ `vg¯Íi (P) wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K Drcv`b wewawU e¨vL¨vc~e©K N. M = 2000 Ges M = 1000 n‡j cwiewZ©Z `vg¯Íi I A‡_©i g~j¨
K…wl‡ÿ‡Î Gi cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 wbY©qc~e©K Zv‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úK© wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v `vI| 4
 13

h‡kvi †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| GKRb K…wlwe` GK weNv Rwg‡Z Mg I Avjyi m¤¢ve¨ dj‡bi Z_¨ GKwU 6| GKwU †eKvwi‡Z †eªW ˆZwii e¨q wb¤œiƒc :
†iLvi mvnv‡h¨ Zz‡j ai‡jb| †iLvwU wb¤œiƒc : †eª‡Wi cwigvY (cvDÛ) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Y
†gvU e¨q (UvKv) 60 80 90 120 200 360
60 A K. Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? 1
55 B
L. `xN©Kvj w¯’i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb? eywS‡q ej| 2
C
45 M. †eªW ˆZwii †gvU e¨q †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
Avjy (gY)

N. †eªW ˆZwii Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

C D
30 7| GKwU kn‡i 'W' bv‡gi cÖwZôvb AvevwmK GjvKvq cvwb mieivn K‡i|
cÖwZôvbwUi gvwmK Mo e¨q, Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv wb¤œiƒc :
Y

E MC AC
O X 250
5 10 15 20

Avq I eÅq (UvKv)

200 G

Mo, I cÉvw¯¦K
Mg (gY) F
K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j? 1 150

L. A_©bxwZ‡Z wbe©vPb mgm¨v †Kb †`Lv †`q? 2 100 E AR

M. K…wlwe` DÏxc‡Ki †iLvwPÎwUi mvnv‡h¨ hv †`wL‡q‡Qb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 50 MR
N. †Kv‡bv K…lK hw` M we›`y‡Z Drcv`b K‡i Z‡e wK Zv‡K `ÿ K…lK O X
25 50
ejv hvq? †Kb? eywS‡q ej| 4 evwoi msLÅv (nvRvi)
2| wPwbi Pvwn`v A‡cÿK, Q = 450  4P, †hLv‡b P = `vg (UvKv/†KwR), Q = K. g‡bvcmwb evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
Pvwn`vi cwigvY| L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †Kb cÖvwšÍK Avq I Mo Avq `v‡gi
K. evRvi fvimvg¨ Kv‡K e‡j? 1 mgvb nq? 2
L. cwienY LiP evo‡j †hvMvb wK ev‡o? †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖwZôvbwUi gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
M. wPwbi Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î AC †iLv hw` G we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i Zvn‡j gybvdvi
N. wPwbi Pvwn`vi A‡cÿKwUi mvnv‡h¨ Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb cÖmvi‡Yi cwigvY e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 8| GKwU †`‡ki 2020 mv‡ji wewb‡qvM e¨q I = 50, miKvwi e¨q G = 25 Ges †fvM
3| Rvg`vwb kvwoi evRvi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb †iLv wb¤œiƒc : e¨q C = 100 + 0.5Y| 2021 mv‡ji miKvwi e¨q e„w× †c‡q G = 50 n‡jv|
P
D2 K. GDP Kv‡K e‡j? 1
`vg (nvRvi UvKv)

5 D1 S L. hš¿cvwZ †givg‡Zi LiP evo‡j NNI Gi Ici Kx cÖfve c‡o? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
F
4 M. †`kwUi †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
E
3 N. †`kwUi fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq 2020 mv‡ji Zzjbvq wK 2021 mv‡j e„w×
2 D2 †c‡q‡Q? DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i gZvgZ `vI| 4
1 S D1 9| GKwU †`‡k 2020 mv‡j GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ 1000
O Q †KvwU UvKv Ges H eQi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K wba©vwiZ wiRvf© AbycvZ wQj
5 10 15 20 25
kvwoi msLÅv (kZ) 20%| 2021 mv‡j †`kwUi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRvf© AbycvZ evov‡bvi cvkvcvwk
D1D1 = ¯^vfvweK mg‡qi Pvwn`v †iLv, D2D2 = C`evRv‡i Pvwn`v †iLv| e¨vsK nvi evwo‡q w`j Ges †LvjvevRv‡i FYcÎ wewµ Kij|
K. Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i cwic~iK `ª‡e¨i `vg evo‡j `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v‡Z Kx L. gy`ªvi †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡j¨i m¤úK© †Kgb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsK `ywUi Kvh©vewji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ eY©bv Ki| 3
M. Rvg`vwb kvwoi †hvMvb m~wP wbY©q Ki| 3 N. 2021 mv‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K M„nxZ c`‡ÿc †`kwUi evwYwR¨K
N. ¯^vfvweK mg‡qi Zzjbvq C`evRv‡i Rvg`vwb kvwoi evRvi fvimv‡g¨ e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY`v‡bi ÿgZvi Ici Kx cÖfve †dj‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
†h cwieZ©b N‡U Zv wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 10| 'X' e¨vsK AvgvbZ MÖnY, FY cÖ`vb, A_© ¯’vbvšÍi BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk
4| Av‡c‡ji `vg 120 UvKv/†KwR †_‡K †e‡o 150 UvKv †KwR n‡j evRv‡i MÖvnK‡`i c‡ÿ A_© msMÖn, A_© cwi‡kva Ges †kqvi, wmwKDwiwU BZ¨vw`
Av‡c‡ji Pvwn`vi cwigvY 400 †KwR †_‡K K‡g 240 †KwR nq| µq-weµq K‡i| m¤úÖwZ e¨vsKwU †gvevBj †dvb I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mvnv‡h¨
Ab¨w`‡K, Av‡c‡ji `vg †e‡o hvIqvq Kgjvi Pvwn`vi 250 †KwR †_‡K e¨vswKs †mev RbM‡Yi Øvi cÖv‡šÍ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q| G‡Z kÖg, mgq I LiP
†e‡o 300 †KwR nq| mvkÖ‡qi cvkvcvwk wMÖb e¨vswKs Gi my‡hvM m„wó n‡q‡Q|
K. Pvwn`v m~wP Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. †LvjvevRvi Kvievi Kx? 1
L. Ô†hvMb I gRy` GK bq|Õ eywS‡q ej| 2 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K †Kb F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j ejv nq? 2
M. AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡c‡ji mv‡_ Kgjvi m¤úK© M. 'X' e¨vs‡Ki Kg©Kv‡Ði Av‡jv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK
wbY©q Ki| 3 Kvh©vewj eY©bv Ki| 3
N. Av‡c‡ji Pvwn`v wK w¯’wZ¯’vcK? DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i N. 'X' e¨vsK m¤úÖwZ †h e¨vswKs †mev Pvjy K‡i‡Q Zvi myweav DÏxc‡Ki
gZvgZ `vI| 4 Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
5| GKwU †cvkvK KviLvbvq e¨en„Z DcKiY I kvU© ˆZwii Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc : 11| wg. Kwig Ggb GKwU †`‡ki bvMwiK †hLv‡b bvMwiKiv wbR †hvM¨Zv
Kgx©i msL¨v †mjvB †gwk‡bi msL¨v kv‡U©i msL¨v Abyhvqx KvR K‡ib Ges cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †fvM K‡ib| Drcv`‡bi
50 10 200 DcKi‡Yi Ici Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv gvwjKvbv †bB| KviY Zvi †`‡ki miKvi
100 20 400 me m¤ú‡`i gvwjK Ges †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ©„c‡ÿi gva¨‡g Drcv`b I
150 30 600 eÈb wbqwš¿Z nq|
K. ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. wbe©vPb Kx? 1
L. wm‡j‡Ui Kgjv XvKvq Avbv‡K wK Drcv`b ejv hvq? eywS‡q ej| 2 L. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq `vg Kxfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq? 2
M. †cvkvK KviLvbvwU‡Z Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Kwigf-Gi †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewk󨸇jv eY©bv Ki| 3
N. †cvkvK KviLvbvwU‡Z wK kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wbY©q Kiv hv‡e? N. Kwigf-Gi †`‡k we`¨gvb A_©e¨e¯’v RbKj¨v‡Y h‡_ó f‚wgKv ivL‡Q
†Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 e‡j Zzwg wK g‡b Ki? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
 14

Kzwgjøv †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| ÔXÕ †`k ÔYÕ †`k K. Xvj Kx? 1
Awbqwš¿Z `vg e¨e¯’v wbqwš¿Z `vg e¨e¯’v L. Ô†hvMvb I gRy` GK bqÕ  e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
D‡`¨v‡M ¯^vaxbZv Pvwn`vi Ici wbqš¿Y
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM I †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK©
†kÖwY wefw³ ¯^Ztù‚Z© Drcv`b we‡kølY Ki| 4
kÖgevRv‡ii bgbxqZv eȇb AmgZv 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ †kvlY †bB cwigvY (GKK) wPwbi `vg (UvKv) †Z‡ji `vg (UvKv)
DËivwaKvi mƒ‡Î cÖvwß I eȇbi my‡hvM gy`ªvùxwZ †bB 1 70 180
K. A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Kx? 1 2 70 170
L. Afve c~i‡Y wbe©vPb mgm¨vq co‡Z nq †Kb? 2 3 70 160
M. ÔXÕ †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨vgvb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 4 70 140
N. †Kvb †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v‡K Zzwg me©vwaK DËg e‡j g‡b Ki? 5 70 130
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. dvg© Kx? 1
2| X `ªe¨ (GKK) Y `ªe¨ (GKK) L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí GKB nq †Kb? 2
00 50 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wPwbi Mo Avq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
30 40 N. †Z‡ji evRviwU Kx ai‡bi evRvi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
40 30 8| GKwU A_©bxwZi gy`ªv evRv‡ii Z_¨ wb‡¤œ †`Iqv n‡jv :
50 00 †gvU wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 600
gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 40
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1
e¨vsK gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 300
L. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 e¨vsK gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 40
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 1000
N. ÒÔXÕ `ªe¨ 50 GKK Ae¯’vq ÔYÕ `ªe¨ 50 GKK Drcv`b m¤¢e bqÓ K. gy`ªv Kx? 1
 DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. Ô†gvevBj e¨vswKs mvaviY RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q mnRZiÕ  e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
3| wg. AY©e 40 UvKv `v‡g 10 †KwR Avg µq K‡ib| `vg e„w× †c‡q 60 UvKv M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
n‡j wZwb 6 †KwR Avg µq K‡ib| N. gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY n‡j A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v| 4
K. Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kx? 1
L. cwieZ©K `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv †Kb? 2 9| kÖg I g~jab (UvKv) †gvU Drcv`b (TP) (GKK)
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 1000 10
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©qc~e©K `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki| 4 2000 18
4| GKwU dv‡g©i Drcv`b m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv : 3000 24
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (Q) GKK †gvU e¨q (TC) (UvKv) 4000 28
1 20 5000 30
2 25 K. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Kx? 1
3 29 L. Ôg~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z DcKiYÕ  e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
4 40 M. DÏxc‡Ki mƒwP‡Z Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
5 56 N. hw` mKj DcKiY w¯’i †i‡L Drcv`‡bi Kjv‡KŠk‡ji cwieZ©b Kiv
nq Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡e wKbv we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 1
10| GKwU dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimvg¨ wb‡¤œi wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq mgvb nq bv †Kb? 2 P, R, C
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
200 MC AC
N. ÒcÖvwšÍK e¨q †iLv Mo e¨q †iLv‡K me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡iÓ 
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 150
5| ÔXÕ †`‡ki E
P = AR = MR
100
†fvM e¨q (C) = 8500 UvKv
wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) = 5000 UvKv 50 F
miKvwi e¨q (G) = 3000 UvKv
O Q
wbU ißvwb (Xn) = 1000 UvKv 50 100 150 200
K. wbU RvZxq Avq Kx? 1 K. evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. mÂq evo‡j wewb‡qvM ev‡o e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. Ôc~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dvg©‡K `vgMÖnxZv ejv nqÕ  e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. wÎ-LvZwewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. miKvwi e¨q 500 UvKv e„w× †c‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Ici Kx N. 100 GKK Drcv`b ¯Í‡i Mo e¨q e„w× †c‡q 150 UvKv n‡j, dv‡g©i
cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 fvimv‡g¨i Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
6| wb‡P GKRb †fv³vi Dc‡hvM m~wP †`Iqv n‡jv : 11| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ÔXÕ-Gi cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ 5000 UvKv| e¨vs‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxq
`ª‡e¨i GKK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ˆea wiRvf© 10%| wKš‘ †`‡k we`¨gvb gy`ªùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K
1 8 wiRvf© nvi e„w× K‡i 20% K‡i‡Q|
2 6 K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1
3 4 L. `vg ¯Í ‡ ii cwieZ© ‡ b e¨emvq evwY‡R¨i MwZ cÖ Kw
… Z cwieZ© b nq
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
4 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z ˆea wiRvf© 10%-Gi †ÿ‡Î m„ó FY Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY KZ? 3
5 0 N. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wiRvf© nvi e„w×i d‡j FY m„wói †ÿ‡Î Kxiƒc
6 2 cÖfve co‡e e‡j g‡b Ki? 4
 15

PÆMÖvg †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| `ywU cÖwZ‡ekx †`k A Ges B| A †`‡ki bvMwiK‡`i e¨w³ gvwjKvbvq K. Drcv`b Kx? 1
†Kv‡bv m¤ú` †bB| Zviv †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx ivóª KZ©„K KvR I gRywi jvf L. f~wgi †hvMvb e„w× Kiv hvq bv †Kb? 2
K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K B †`‡ki bvMwiKMY miKv‡ii cvkvcvwk m¤ú‡`i gvwjK| M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë m~wP n‡Z †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
Zviv wbR D‡`¨v‡M Drcv`b Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †KD †KD N. DÏxc‡K †Kvb Drcv`b wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? GwU Drcv`‡bi †Kvb
miKwi PvKwi K‡i| ch©v‡q †ewk Kvh©Ki| 4
K. A_©e¨e¯’v Kx? 1 7| Drcv`b (Q) †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q (TFC)
L. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq †kÖwY ˆelg¨ m„wó nq †Kb? 2 1 10 10
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ A †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb?
2 10 26
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
3 10 38
N. A I B †`k `ywUi g‡a¨ †Kvb †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v‡K Zzwg DËg e‡j
g‡b Ki? hyw³ `vI| 4 4 10 54
5 10 80
2| X `ªe¨ (GKK) Y `ªe¨ (GKK)
6 10 100
0 80
K. Mo e¨q Kx? 1
20 70
L. `xN©Kv‡j w¯’ie¨q _v‡K bv †Kb? 2
70 20 M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU e¨q †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
80 0 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q (AC) A¼b Ki Ges †iLvwUi AvK…wZi
K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kx? 1 Dci gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
L. wbe©vPb mgm¨vi D™¢e nq †Kb? 2 8| P, C MC

M. DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 AC

G
N. 20 GKK X `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ 50 GKK Y `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi †hŠw³KZv 20
E
we‡kølY Ki| 4 15 P = AR = MR

3| †fv‡Mi GKK (Q) †gvU Dc‡hvM (TU) 10 F

1 6
2 10 O
20
Q

3 12 K. dvg© Kx? 1
4 12 L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i P = AR  MR nq †Kb| 2
5 10 M. DÏxcK n‡Z dvg©wUi gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. AC †iLv G we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j dvg©wUi gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î Kx cwieZ©b
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1
n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm cvq †Kb? 2
9| S = 75  0.75Y
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë m~wP n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 I = 300
N. DÏxc‡K †h Dc‡hvM wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q Zv wK mKj †ÿ‡Î GLv‡b, S = mÂq
Kvh©Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 I = wewb‡qvM
4| Qd = 100  5P Y = RvZxq Avq
GLv‡b, Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY K. GDP Kv‡K e‡j? 1
P = `ª‡e¨i `vg L. Òwewb‡qvM m‡qi Dci wbf©ikxjÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
K. Pvwn`v wewa Kx? 1 M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq (Y) wbY©q Ki| 3
L. ïaygvÎ †Kv‡bv wKQy cvIqvi AvKv•ÿv‡K Pvwn`v ejv hvq bv †Kb? 2 N. hw` wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY A‡a©K nq Z‡e RvZxq Av‡qi Dci Kx
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK †_‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
N. DÏxcK n‡Z Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©qc~e©K `ªe¨wUi cÖK…wZ 10| GKwU †`‡k,
wbY©q Ki| 4 wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 500
5| Qd = 30  4P e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 400
Qs = 12 + 2P Dfq gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V I V) = 5
GLv‡b, Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 25
Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1
P = `ª‡e¨i `vg L. Ògy`ªvi cÖPjb e¨emv-evwYR¨‡K mnR K‡i‡QÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
K. †hvMvb Kx? 1 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
L. nxi‡Ki Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK nq †Kb? 2 N. hw` wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY nq, Z‡e A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Dci Kx
M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 cÖfve co‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4
N. `vg 7 UvKv n‡j evRv‡i Kx cÖfve co‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 11| GKwU †`‡ki mKj Jla Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z Jla
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 wbw`©ó `v‡g wewµ K‡i| †`‡k Jl‡ai AmsL¨ Drcv`bKvix I †µZv
6| `vg (L) †gvU Drcv`b (TP) i‡q‡Q| Jla Drcvv`bKvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi †gvU Avq I †gvU e¨q mgvb|
1 4 K. g‡bvcmwb Kx? 1
L. dvg© I wkí wK GK n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
2 10
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Jl‡ai evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
3 18 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Jl‡ai evRv‡ii GKwU dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb
4 28 fvimvg¨ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 4
 16

wm‡jU †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| X `ªe¨ (GKK) Y `ªe¨ (GKK) 7| Rwgi cwigvY kÖg (L) g~jab (K) †gvU Drcv`b (TP)
0 110 1 GKK 1 1000 40 †KwR
40 90 1 GKK 2 1000 70 †KwR
80 60 1 GKK 3 1000 90 †KwR
110 0 1 GKK 4 1000 100 †KwR
K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kx? 1 K. Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1
L. Òm¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨ZvB A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi g~j KviYÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. g~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki m~wPwU e¨envi K‡i GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. (X = 80 GKK, Y = 50 GKK) Ges (X = 110 GKK, Y = 30 GKK) N. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvß cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MR) †iLvwU Drcv`‡bi †Kvb
mswgkÖ‡Y Drcv`‡bi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4
wewai mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
2| Rbve ingvb 'X' †`‡ki GKwU miKvwi Awd‡m Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wM‡q †`L‡Z †c‡jb
†mB †`‡ki mKj m¤ú‡`i gvwjK miKvi Ges mKj A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ 8| MC AC

miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y cwiPvwjZ nq| A_P Zvi wbR †`k evsjv‡`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ

`vg, Avq I eÅq

m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| P
E
P = AR = MR
K. wbe©vPb Ki‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1
L. ÒabZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq †fv³vi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ wbwðZ nqÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 P1
F
M. 'X' †`‡k cÖPwjZ A_©e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’vi wgj
i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
O
N. 'X' †`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡j Kx Kx Q Drcv`b
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? 4 K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1
3| `ª‡e¨i GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i P = AR = MR nq †Kb? 2
1 20 20 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Avq, †gvU LiP Ges gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
2 35 15 N. DÏxc‡K AC †iLv E we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j dvg©wU Kx ai‡bi gybvdv
3 45 10 AR©b Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
4 50 5
9|
5 50 0
MC
6 45 5 AC
`vg, Avq I eÅq

k
K. PjK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 20 f
L. DcKi‡Yi `v‡gi mv‡_ `ª‡e¨i †hvMvb Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 e
M. DcwiD³ m~wPi wfwˇZ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 10
N. DÏxcK †_‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM Ges cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 AR
4| GKwU `ª‡e¨i `vg I Pvwn`vi Z_¨ wb‡¤œi †Uwe‡j cÖ`Ë n‡jv : MR
O
mswgkÖY `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`vi cwigvY 50 Drcv`b
A 6 20 (GKK)
B 10 16 K. Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1
C 12 12 L. Aeva cÖ ‡ ek Ges cÖ ¯ ’ vb GK‡PwUqv evRvi‡K c~ Y © cÖ wZ‡hvwMZv †_‡K
K. Pvwn`v ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1 Avjv`v K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. †µZvi Avq e„w× Kxfv‡e Pvwn`v cÖfvweZ K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx dv‡g©i gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GKwU Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki AC †iLv K we›`y w`‡q Mgb Ki‡j dv‡g©i Ici Kx cÖfve
N. DÏxc‡Ki B Ges C we›`y we‡ePbv K‡i `ªe¨wUi cÖK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 co‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4
5| Pvwn`v mgxKiY : D = 20  2P 10| †`Iqv Av‡Q, S =  40 + 0.5YGes I = 200
†hvMvb mgxKiY : S =  8 + 2P †hvMvb, S = mÂq
†hLv‡b, I = wewb‡qvM
D = Pvwn`vi cwigvY Y = RvZxq Avq
S = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1
P = `ª‡e¨i `vg L. ¯^íKvjxb I `xN©Kvjxb †fvM A‡cÿ‡Ki g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ Av‡Q wKbv? 2
K. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 M. Dc‡ii DÏxcK †_‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
L. †fv³vi iæwPi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 N. wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY 250 UvKv n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡q Kx ai‡bi
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgxKiY n‡Z fvimvg¨ cwigvY cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
wbY©q Ki| 3
N. `ª‡e¨i `vg 4 UvKv n‡j fvimv‡g¨i Ici Kx ai‡bi cÖfve co‡e? 11| A‡_© i †hvMvb (M) †KvwU UvKv `vg¯Í i (P) UvKv
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 100 10
200 20
6| `ª‡e¨i GKK (Q) †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q (TVC)
300 30
1 200 60
2 200 100 K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
3 200 260 L. Ôe¨vsK nviÕ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
4 200 500 nvwZqvi e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
K. cwieZ©bxq e¨q Kx? 1 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi I A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© wP‡Îi
L. Ò`xN©Kvj w¯’i e¨q _v‡K bvÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Mo e¨q (AC) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. DÏxcK †_‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× Kxfv‡e A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Ici cÖfve
N. DÏxcK †_‡K Mo e¨q Ges cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi m¤úK© †`LvI| 4 we¯Ívi Ki‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 17

ewikvj †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| myRb mv‡ne ÔYÕ †`‡k †eov‡Z †M‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb, †m †`‡k wkÿv 7| P, R, C MC
e¨e¯’v, Drcv`b e¨e¯’v, wPwKrmv‡mevmn mewKQy miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M cwiPvwjZ AC
nq| wKš‘ myR‡bi †`‡k miKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi
D‡`¨v³vI Av‡Q| E
15 P = AR = MR
K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? 1
L. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi D™¢e nq †Kb? 2 10
F
M. ÔYÕ †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ †jL| 3 5
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `ywU †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi Zzjbv Ki| 4 Q
O
150
2| Drcv`b mswgkÖY X `ªe¨ (GKK) Y `ªe¨ (GKK)
K. wkí Kx? 1
A 0 15
B 1 14 L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i ¯^jKv‡j GKwU dvg© memgqB wK A¯^vfvweK
C 2 12 gybvdv AR©b K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
D 3 9 M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z †gvU Avq I †gvU e¨q wbY©q Ki| 3
E 4 5
F 5 0 N. Mo LiP 10 n‡j gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q K‡i Gi aib e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx? 1 8| P, AC, M,
AR, MR
L. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ ¯^qswµq `vg e¨e¯’vi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? 2
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. G (2, 8) Ges H (3, 12) we›`y `ywUi Drcv`b m¤¢vebv hvPvB Ki| 4
MC
3| Pvwn`v A‡cÿK, Qd = 10  2p g AC
P2
†hvMvb A‡cÿK, Qs = 2 + 2p
f
†hLv‡b, Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY, P1
p = `vg e AR
K. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 MR
L. wM‡db `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v wewa KvhKi nq bv †Kb? 2 O Q
Q0
M. DÏxcK †_‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
K. g‡bvcmwb evRvi Kx? 1
N. `vg 4 UvKv n‡j fvimvg¨ cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©b e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. GK‡PwUqv evRvi AR †iLv wb¤œMvgx †Kb? 2
4| `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (GKK)
M. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨¯Í‡i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
15 20
10 25
N. AC †iLv 'g' we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j gybvdvi aib m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
5 30 9| GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z †fvM I wewb‡qvM mgxKiY wb¤œiƒc :
K. ¯^vaxb PjK Kx? 1 C = 150 + 0.5Y, I = 150
L. `ª‡e¨i †hvMv‡bi Ici fZz©wKi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 †hLv‡b C = †fvM e¨q; I = wewb‡qvM
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 K. RvZxq Avq Kx? 1
N. `vg 15 UvKv †_‡K n«vm †c‡q 10 UvKv n‡j `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q K‡i L. Av‡qi mv‡_ cÖ‡ivwPZ †fv‡Mi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
`ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 M. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiY †_‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
5| kÖg (L) †gvU Drcv`b (TP) N. miKvwi e¨q 200 n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve
1 4 co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
2 10
3 18
10| wmgv Av³vi GKRb M„wnYx| Zvi e¨w³MZ †gvevB‡j ¯‹zjco–qv mšÍv‡bi e„wËi
4 25 UvKv †c‡q _v‡Kb| we`y¨r I B›Uvi‡bU wejI wZwb †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g cwi‡kva
5 30 K‡ib| m¤úªwZ wZwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h, †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g gvwmK mÂq Rgv
6 30
Kiv hvq|
7 28
K. A_© Kx? 1
K. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Kx? 1
L. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b †Kvb Drcv`b Kv‡ji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? 2 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK bM` Rgvi nvi c×wZ‡Z Kxfv‡e FY wbqš¿Y K‡i? 2
M. DÏxcK †_‡K AP I MP m~wP ˆZwi Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx TP †iLv A¼b K‡i Gi AvK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Av_©mvgvwRK cÖfve g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
6| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (Q) †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q (TVC) 11| wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 600
1 6 4 e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY (M) = 500
2 6 10 wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 10
3 6 15 e¨vsK A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 20
4 6 22
†jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 160
5 6 34
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 1
L. kÖg‡K Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY ejv nq †Kb? 2 L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kxfv‡e g~jab MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i? 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z LiP (AC) mƒwP ˆZwi Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK LiP (MC) †iLv A¼b Ki Ges †Kvb N. DÏxc‡K M I M-Gi gvb wظY n‡j `vg¯Íi I A_©g~‡j¨i m¤úK©
Drcv`b ¯Í‡i AC = MC Zv wbY©q Ki| 4 we‡kølY Ki| 4
 18

w`bvRcyi †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| mvjgvb mv‡ne ÔXÕ bvgK Ggb GKwU †`‡ki cÖevmx †h †`‡ki cÖwZwU K. dvg© Kx? 1
A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ miKvi KZ…©K wbqwš¿Z nq| Drcv`b, eÈb, †fvM meB L. c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dvg©‡K Ô`vg MÖnxZvÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2
†K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘ Zuvi wbR †`‡k ïay miKvi M. DÏxcK n‡Z gybvdvi cwigvY †ei Ki| 3
bq, †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡MI A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nq| N. DÏxc‡K AC †iLv ¯’vbvšÍi n‡q G we›`y‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡j gybvdvi wK
K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e? wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. Afve c–i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wbe©vPb GKwU eo mgm¨v e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 7| hw` †Kvb GKwU A_©bxwZi †fvM I wewb‡qvM mgxKiY nq wb¤œiƒc :
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ÔXÕ †`‡ki wZbwU ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL Ki| 3 C = 10 + 0.75Y Ges I = 100
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `ywU †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v wK GK? wfbœ n‡j cv_©K¨ †hLv‡b, C = †fvM, I = wewb‡qvM Ges Y = RvZxq Avq
we‡kølY Ki| 4 K. wRwWwc Kx? 1
2| Pvwn`v mgxKiY, Qd = 40  4P L. ÔmÂq wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwËÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
†hvMvb mgxKiY, Qs =  8 + 4P M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
†hLv‡b, Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY N. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ miKvwi e¨q (G) 200 AšÍf³ z© Ki‡j fvimvg¨
Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY RvZxq Av‡q Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
P = `vg 8| ÔXÕ GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb; †h MÖvnK‡`i wbKU n‡Z AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i
K. †iLvi Xvj Kv‡K e‡j? 1 D‡`¨v³vi FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i| Aciw`‡K ÔYÕ Ggb GKwU
L. Pvwn`v †iLv EaŸ©MvgxI n‡Z cv‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †h A_©evRv‡ii AwffveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 K. wdmv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiYwU †jL| 1
N. `vg 4 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi Kx cwieZ©b nq? wPÎmn we‡kølY Ki| 4 L. A‡_©i GKgvÎ KvR wK wewbg‡qi gva¨g? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
3| wb‡Pi m~wP‡Z 2wU `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi 3wU mswgkÖY †`Iqv n‡jv : M. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ ÔXÕ cÖwZôv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wZbwU Kv‡Ri e¨vL¨v `vI| 3
X-`ªe¨ Y-`ªe¨ mswgkÖY N. DÏxcK Aby h vqx ÔYÕ cÖwZôvb KZ…©K ÔXÕ cÖwZôv‡bi FY wbqš¿Y Kiv

0 25 A m¤¢e wK? Kxfv‡e? Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

15 15 B 9| GKwU dv‡g© i Mg Drcv`‡bi †gvU e¨q (TC) I Mo e¨q (AC) m~ wP wb¤œ ic
~ 
25 0 C Drcv`b (GKK) †gvU e¨q (TC) Mo e¨q (AC)
K. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j? 1 1 10 10
L. e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZi g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL| 2 2 16 8
M. DÏxc‡Ki m~wP e¨envi K‡i GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 3 18 6
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx ÔXÕ `ªe¨ 25 GKK Ges ÔYÕ `ªe¨ 10 GKK Drcv`b 4 24 6
Kiv m¤¢e wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 5 40 8
4| wb‡P GKwU †hvMvb m~wP †`Iqv n‡jv : 6 60 10
`vg †hvMv‡bi cwigvY K. Drcv`b Kx? 1
3 UvKv 10 GKK L. Òg~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z DcKiYÕ  e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
6 UvKv 20 GKK M. Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ dvg©wUi cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi m~wP ˆZwi Ki| 3
9 UvKv 30 GKK N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) Gi m¤úK©
K. A‡cÿK Kx? 1 wP‡Îi gva¨‡g we‡kølY Ki| 4
L. †fv³vi Avq Kxfv‡e Pvwn`v wewa‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2 10| ÔAÕ dvg© m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡¤œi wP‡Î †`Iqv n‡jv :
SMC
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K †hvMvb †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 Y
`vg, Avq, LiP

N. hw` `vg 3, 6 I 9 UvKvq Pvwn`v h_vµ‡g 30, 20 I 10 GKK nq

a b
†m‡ÿ‡Î DÏxcK Abyhvqx fvimvg¨ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 P AR = MR
5| wg. ÔXÕ Zuvi Rwg‡Z avb Pv‡li wm×všÍ wb‡jb| cÖ_g eQi wZwb 1000 Drcv`Gbi cwigvY (Q)
UvKvi kÖg wb‡qvM K‡i 200 †KwR avb Drcv`b Ki‡jb| AwaK Drcv`‡bi O
K. evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
Avkvq cieZ©x 3 eQi h_vµ‡g 2000, 3000 I 4000 UvKvi kÖg wb‡qvM
K‡i Drcv`b †c‡jb h_vµ‡g 220, 235 I 245 †KwR avb| L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
K. Drcv`b wewa Kx? 1 M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx, h_vh_ hyw³mn fvimvg¨ we›`y wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx, cÖ‡qvRbxq Mo LiP †iLv AOb K‡i A¯^vfvweK
L. `xN©Kv‡j w¯’i e¨q _v‡K bv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
gybvdv AÂj we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b (TP) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
11| ÔYÕ bvgK GKwU †`‡ki wbU RvZxq Drcv`b 1000 †KvwU UvKv, AePq e¨q
N. wg. ÔXÕ Gi Pvlvev‡` A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡e? wP‡Îi
150 †KvwU UvKv, ißvwb 400 †KvwU UvKv Ges Avg`vwb 200 †KvwU UvKv|
mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. mvgwMÖK e¨q Kx? 1
6| Y
A MC L. e¨w³i Av‡qi cy‡ivUvB wK e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
Avq, eÅq, `vg

AC
G M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ÔYÕ †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b Ges †gvU
P1
F
Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b †ei Ki| 3
P0 E
P = AR N. Avg`vwbi cwigvY hw` 400 †KvwU nq, Z‡e DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ
MR X †`kwUi GNP Ges GDP Gi g‡a¨ Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b NU‡e Zv
O Q
Drcv`Gbi cwigvY we‡kølY Ki| 4
 19

gqgbwmsn †evW© 2022

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1| A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1
A †`k B †`k
L. `xN©Kv‡j †gvU w¯’i e¨q k~b¨ (0) nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë †iLv؇qi Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q
i) m¤ú‡`i e¨w³ gvwjKvbv i) m¤ú‡`i ivóªx q gvwjKvbv
(MC)-Gi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
ii) D‡`¨v‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv ii) †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ…©cÿ N. DÏxc‡Ki AB †iLv ÔUÕ AvK…wZi nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
iii) ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v iii) †kÖwY †kvlY Abycw¯’Z 7| wg. iwng ÔKÕ kn‡i `yB `kK a‡i emevm K‡i Avm‡Qb| ïiæ‡Z wZwb
iv) mgv‡R †kÖwY wefw³ iv) `vg wbqš¿Y †`L‡Z cvb, kn‡ii GKgvÎ dz‡ji †`vKv‡b cÖPzi dzj wewµ n‡Zv Ges
K. PPC-Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL| 1 gybvdvi cwigvY wQj AvKl©Yxq| mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b IB kn‡i A‡bK dz‡ji
†`vKvb M‡o I‡V Ges eZ©gv‡b †µvZviv GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g †h‡Kv‡bv †`vKvb
L. Afve Amxg e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
†_‡K dzj wKb‡Z cv‡i?
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ˆewk󨸇jv Av‡jvPbvc~e©K B †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK K. evRvi Kx? 1
e¨e¯’v wPwýZ Ki| 3 L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i dv‡g©i Pvwn`v †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ÔAÕ †`‡ki `vge¨e¯’v we‡kølY Ki| 4 nq †Kb? 2
2| wb‡Pi mƒwPwU jÿ Ki :
M. `yB `kK Av‡M ÔKÕ kn‡i †Kvb ai‡bi dz‡ji evRvi we`¨gvb wQj
mswgkÖY avb (Ub) Mg (Ub) Zv wPwýZ K‡i IB evRv‡ii ˆewk󨸇jv Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
a 0 20 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ÔKÕ kn‡ii dz‡ji eZ©gvb evRvi Ges AZx‡Zi
b 5 18 evRv‡ii g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki| 4
c 10 14 8| wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
Y AC
15 8 MC

`vg (P), Avq (R), LiP (C)

d
AVC
e 20 0 m
25
K. wbe©vPb Kx? 1 20
e
P = AR = MR
L. e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ci¯úi cÖwZ‡hvMx bq eis cwic~iK|  15
n
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 10
M. DÏxcK †_‡K GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 5
N. avb Drcv`b 20 Ub Ae¯’vq Mg Drcv`b 20 Ub m¤¢e bq †Kb? O
5 10 15
Q
(Drcv`b/weKÌGqi cwigvY)
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
3| Y
K. Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. ÒGK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ|Ó  e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
C
50 M. wPÎ †_‡K gybvdv/ÿwZi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
45 N. wP‡Îi Ô nÕ we›`y‡Z dv‡g©i Drcv`b Pvwj‡q hvIqvi †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
40
35 9| GKwU mvgwMÖK Avq wba©viY g‡Wj wb¤œiƒc :
30
K Y=C+I+G †hLv‡b, Y = RvZxq Avq
25
20 C = 100 + 0.5 Y C = †fvM e¨q
15 I = 50 I = wewb‡qvM e¨q
10 G = 20 G = miKvwi e¨q
5 D
O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 X K. wbU RvZxq Avq (NNI) Kx? 1
K. †hvMvb wewa Kx? 1 L. ÒmÂq n‡jv wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwË|Ó  ey wS‡q †jL| 2
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P Ae¯’vq cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcK †_‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq¯Íi (Y ) wbY©q Ki| 3
M. ÔCDÕ †iLvi K we›`y‡Z Xvj wbY©q Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki †fvM A‡cÿKwU C = 100 + 0.6Y n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq
N. DÏxc‡Ki CD †iLv‡K wK Pvwn`v †iLv ejv hvq? Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 Avq¯Í‡ii Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? 4
4| Pvwn`v mgxKiY, D = 5  P 10| †kdvwj XvKv kn‡i GKwU evmvq gvwmK 3000 UvKv †eZ‡b M„nKg©x wn‡m‡e
†hvMvb mgxKiY, S =  4 + 2P wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb| †kdvwj cÖwZ gv‡m †eZ‡bi GKwU Ask ÔweKvkÕ ev
K. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 ÔbM`Õ-Gi gva¨‡g AwZmn‡R MÖv‡g Zvi cwiev‡ii wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib| G
L. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj Pvwn`v †iLvi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv k~b¨ nq †Kb? 2 ai‡bi wbS©ÅvU †jb‡`b MÖvg-kn‡ii wKsev †`k-we‡`‡ki cÖK…wZ `~iZ¡
M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY؇qi Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 A‡bKLvwb n«vm K‡i‡Q e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
N. Pvwn`v mgxKiY w¯’i †i‡L †hvMvb mgxKiY, S =  7 + 2P n‡j K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigv‡Yi Dci Kx cÖfve co‡e? 4 L. ÒevwYwR¨K e¨vsK mgvR‡mevq f‚wgKv iv‡L|Ó  e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
5| Kwig GKRb AvjyPvwl| Zvi wb‡Ri 1 GKi Rwg‡Z wZwb 1g eQi kÖg eve` M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡gi myweavmg~n †jL| 3
1000 UvKv e¨q K‡i 10 gY Avjyi djb cvb| cieZ©x‡Z kÖg eve` 2q N. ÒAvw_©K †jb‡`‡bi †ÿ‡Î MÖvg-kn‡ii Ges †`k-we‡`‡ki `~iZ¡
eQi 2000 UvKv, 3q eQi 3000 UvKv I 4_© eQi 4000 UvKv e¨q µ‡g n«vm cv‡”QÓ  hyw³ `vI| 4
K‡ib| dj¯^iƒc h_vµ‡g 22 gY, 32 gY I 40 gY Avjy Drcv`b nq| 11| Vm
K. Mo Avq Kx? 1 (AG^Æi gƒjÅ)
L. Òg~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vbÓ  e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 1 a
M. DÏxcK †_‡K †gvU Drcv`b (TP) I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) m~wP ˆZwi Ki| 3 P0
N. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLv A¼b K‡i †Kvb cÖvwšÍK 1 b
P1 Vm = f(P)
Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
6| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki : P0 = 5 P0 = 10
P
AC, MC O (`vgÕ¦i)
A D B K. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? 1
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK †_‡K †`LvI †h, Ò`vg¯Íi wظY n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©‡K †b‡g Av‡m|Ó 3
C N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î a n‡Z b we›`y‡Z †M‡j Drcv`b, wewb‡qvM I
O Q (Drcv`b) Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
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mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. AvqZb ev cwiwai wfwˇZ evRvi KZ cÖKvi? 12. †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk bvMwiK‡`i Avq wb‡Pi 20. DÏxcK Abyhvqx
K7 L6 M5 N3 †KvbwU‡Z AšÍf©y³ nq? i. Mo Drcv`b w¯’i _v‡K
2. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vgMÖnxZv wn‡m‡e K GDP L GNP ii. †gvU Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× cvq
we‡ePbv Kiv nq? M GNI N NNP iii. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgvš^‡q n«vm cvq
K g‡bvcmwb L Awj‡Mvcwj  DÏxcKwU c‡o 13 I 14bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N GK‡PwUqv mÂq, wewb‡qvM (†KvwU) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
S = f(y)
3. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î 400 R 21. Pvwn`vi kZ© KqwU?
300 Q
i. P = MR ii. AR = MR iii. P  MC I0 K2 L3 M4 N5
200
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? P
22. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj
100
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii O RvZxq Avq (Y) K abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K
250 500 750 1000
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  100 Avq (†KvwU)
M Amxg N k~b¨
`vg, e¨q, gybvdv SMC 13. A_©bxwZi fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq KZ?
SAC 23. GKwU †gvevBj †mU I GKwU †gvevBj mxg
K 250 L 500 Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
12.5
10 P = AR = M 750 N 1000 K cwieZ©K L cwic~iK
5 14. ¯^q¤¢‚Z wewb‡qvM †e‡o 400 n‡j fvimvg¨ M ¯^vaxb N m¤úK©nxb
O 20
Q RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY KZ n‡e?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 24 I 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY K 250 L 500 Qs =  5 + P
4. dvg©wUi †gvU Avq KZ UvKv? M 750 N 1000 24. Dc‡ii KZ `v‡g †hvMvb k~b¨ n‡e?
K 100 L 200 M 250 N 300 K5 L 0 M5 N 10
15. †gvU RvZxq Avq MYbvi †ÿ‡Î
5. dvg©wU †Kvb Ae¯’vq Drcv`b Ki‡Q? 25. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiY †_‡K Aw¼Z †iLvi
i. n¯ÍvšÍi cvIqv ev` w`‡Z nq
i. me©wb¤œ Mo e¨q Ae¯’vq AvK…wZ n‡e
ii. P~ovšÍ `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ †hvM Ki‡Z nq
ii. ¯^íKv‡j K evg †_‡K Wv‡b EaŸ©Mvgx
iii. †jvKmvb Ae¯’vq iii. gƒja‡bi AePq we‡qvM Ki‡Z nq
L evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii
N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
6. "Money is what money does" msÁvwU M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
26. A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©ch©vq KqwU?
†Kvb A_©bxwZwe‡`i? 16. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K2 L3 M4 N5
K †KBb&m L IqvKvi K bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó
27. mgv‡R ab‰elg¨ ˆZwi nq
M ievU©mb N µvD_vi L Pvwn`v m„wó
i. abZvwš¿K ev cyuwRev`x A_©e¨e¯’vq
7. gæ`ªvi g~j¨ (Vm) cÖavbZ wb‡¤œi †KvbwUi M Avq m„wó
ii. mgvRZvwš¿K ev wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’vq
Dci wbf©ikxj? N Dc‡hvM m„wó iii. wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’vq
K `vg¯Íi 17. Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ wb‡Pi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L †fv³vi Avq †KvbwUi m¤úK© cÖKvk cvq? K i I ii L i I iii
M †fv³vi mÂq K `vg L Pvwn`v M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ M †hvMvb N DcKiY  DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
8. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ÔwbKvk N‡iiÕ KvR K‡i? 18. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Y `ªe¨
K eª¨vK e¨vsK
i. AR I MR †iLv wb¤œMvgx
L cªevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK ii. AR  MR
A M
C
M evsjv‡`k e¨vsK iii. dvg© `vgMÖnxZv U N
N evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? B
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : X `ªe¨
K i I ii L i I iii O
MV = PT 28. hw` mgv‡R ïay X `ª‡e¨i cÖ‡qvRb nq Z‡e
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†hLv‡b, M = 200, V = 10 Ges T = 20 DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`‡bi wm×všÍ
9. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi KZ n‡e?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M„nxZ n‡e?
K 90 L 100 M 110 N 120 kª‡gi †gvU Drcv`b cªvwšÍK Drcv`b KM LN MC NB
10. hw` DÏxc‡K M = 200 Ges V = 10 †hvM GKK (GKK) (GKK) 29. DÏxc‡Ki U we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
nq, Z‡e A‡_©i g~j¨ (Vm) KZ n‡e? 1 20 20 K ¯^í Drcv`b I DcKi‡Yi Ac~Y© e¨envi
K 0.005 L 0.010 L kÖg I g~ja‡bi `ÿ e¨envi
2 30 10
M 0.015 N 0.020 M DcKi‡Yi Ac~Y© e¨envi I AwaK Drcv`b
3 5
11. GNI-Gi c~Yi© ƒc Kx? N c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
K Gross Net Income 19. DÏxc‡Ki Lvwj N‡i †gvU Drcv`b KZ n‡e? 30. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb?
L Gross National Income
K 10 L 20 K abZvwš¿K L mgvRZvwš¿K
M Gross National Investment
N Gross New Income M 25 N 35 M Bmjvwg N wgkÖ
 21

ivRkvnx †evW© 2023

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. †Kvb evRv‡i Pvwn`v‡iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj? 11. Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú‡`i mxgve×Zv‡K 21. †KvbwU Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi m~Î?
K GK‡PwUqv Kx e‡j? K Ep =
Q Q

L c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK K `y®úÖvc¨Zv L wbe©vPb P P
M GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv M Pvwn`v N †hvMvb Q P
L Ep = 
P Q
N Awj‡Mvcwj 12. cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡R †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v KqwU?
Q P
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K5 L4 M3 N2 M Ep = 
Q
P
`vg, SMC SAC 13. †Kvb A_© e ¨e¯’ v †K›`ø xq cwiKíbvi Aaxb? P P
Avq, K abZvwš¿K L wgkÖ N Ep = 
E Q Q
e¨q M wb‡`© k g~ j K N Bmjvwg 22. Kvwj I Kjg †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨?
G H
F AR  DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K cwieZ©K L †fe‡jb
MR Y `ªe¨
M cwic~iK N wbK…ó
Drcv`b
A F 23. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU?
2. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU? E
K2 L3 M4 N5
KE LF MG NH
O X `ªe¨ 24. A_© b xwZ‡Z f‚ w g ej‡Z †evSvq
3. Mo e¨q †iLv 'E' we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j B
14. 'X' `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j 'Y' `ª‡e¨i i. f~c„ô
i. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e
Drcv`b KZ? ii. evZvm
ii. A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e
K O L OB M AB N OA iii. `vjvb‡KvVv
iii. †gvU Avq = †gvU e¨q n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 15. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb we›`y ‡ Z m¤ú‡`i Ac~ Y © wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
e¨envi wb‡`© k K‡i? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii
KA LB ME NF  DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
16. ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v †h A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨

e¨q
N N
4. †KvbwU‡Z †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq
i. abZvwš¿K
AšÍf©y³ nq? E
ii. wgkÖ
K GNP L GNI
M NNP N GDP iii. wb‡`©kg~jK O Drcv`b
5. †bvU cÖPjb K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 25. DÏxc‡K N I N †iLv h_vµ‡g Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
K RbZv e¨vsK L K„wl e¨vsK K i I ii L i I iii K Mo Avq I Mo e¨q
M †mvbvjx e¨vsK N evsjv‡`k e¨vsK M ii I iii N i, ii I iii L cÖvwšÍK Avq I Mo e¨q
6. wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡vbyhvqx A‡_©i 17. †Kvb cwiw¯’ wZ‡Z cÖ vwšÍ K Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K nq? M †gvU Avq I †gvU e¨q
K †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j N cÖvwšÍK e¨q I Mo e¨q
†hvMvb wظY n‡j
L †gvU Dc‡hvM µgea©gvb nv‡i evo‡j 26. DÏxc‡K †h m¤úK©wU cÖKvk cvq Zv n‡jv
i. `vg¯Íi wظY n‡e
M †gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡j i. 'E' we›`y‡Z N = N
ii. `vg¯Íi wZb¸Y n‡e
N †gvU Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb nv‡i evo‡j ii. 'E' we›`yi ev‡g N  N
iii. A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K n‡e
18. Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K Kx e‡j? iii. 'E' we›`yi Wv‡b N  N
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K Pvwn`v †iLv
K i I ii L i I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L Pvwn`v m~wP
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii
M e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N Pvwn`v mgxKiY
GKwU †`‡ki †gvU Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b  DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 27. †Kv‡bv `ª ‡e¨i cÖ wZwU GK‡Ki g~j¨‡K Kx e‡j?
(GDP) 500 wewjqb Wjvi, Avg`vwb 100 K †gvU Avq L †gvU e¨q
Kgjv (GKK) †gvU Dc‡hvM (BDwUj) M Mo Avq N Mo e¨q
wewjqb Wjvi I ißvwb 200 wewjqb Wjvi|
1g 10 28. †KvbwU kÖg bq?
7. †`kwUi GNP KZ wewjqb Wjvi?
K 400 L 500
2q 19 K kÖwg‡Ki KvR
M 600 N 700 3q 27 L wkÿ‡Ki KvR
8. DÏxc‡K Avg`vwb e¨q KZ n‡j GNP = 4_© 34 M Svo–`v‡ii KvR
GDP n‡e? 19. 3q GKK Kgjvq cÖ vwšÍ K Dc‡hvM KZ BDwUj? N M„wnYxi KvR
K 500 L 400 K 7 L 8 M 9 N 10 29. P = AR = MR nq
M 300 N 200 20. DÏxc‡K Kvh© K i wewai †ÿ‡Î we‡eP¨ i. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i
9. A‡_©i wewbgq mgxKiY †KvbwU? i. wbw`© ó mgq ii. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i
K MV  PT L MR = PT ii. †fv³vi Avq, iæwP w¯’i iii. evRv‡i `vg w¯’i _vK‡j
M MV  PT N MV = MV iii. Dc‡hvM ch©vqMZfv‡e cwigvY‡hvM¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
10. miKvwi †bvU †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 2 UvKv L 50 UvKv K i I ii L i I iii 30. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ evRvi Kq cÖKvi?
M 100 UvKv N 200 UvKv M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K2 L3 M4 N5
 22

h‡kvi †evW© 2023

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. CCA-Gi c~Yi© ƒc †KvbwU? 11. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Dcwiw¯’wZ †h‡Kv‡bv 21. hw` †fvM ej‡Z Dc‡hv‡Mi e¨envi †evSvq
K Capital Consumption Allowance we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? Z‡e Drcv`b ej‡Z Dc‡hvM m„wó †evSvq?
L Cost of Capital in Average K †eKviZ¡ L c~Y© wb‡qvM Dw³wU Kvi?
M Cost of Capital Assumed M A-AR©b‡hvM¨ N ¯^í Drcv`b
N Current Cost of Adminstration K gvk©vj L †Kqvb©µm
12. ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v †Kvb A_©bxwZi cÖavb ˆewkó¨? M †d«mvi N wc¸
2. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU? K c–uwRev`x L mgvRZvwš¿K
K Y=C+I L C = by 22. Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
M C = a + by N C =  a + (I  b)y M Bmjvwg N wgkÖ K mÂq L wewb‡qvM
3. wb‡Pi wP‡Î †Kvb †iLv cÖKvk cvq? 13. ÒcÖ ‡ Z¨K mgv‡Ri †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK M †hvMvb N g~jab
I wewb‡qvM mgm¨v 3wUÓ gZvgZwU Kvi?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 23bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K A¨vWvg w¯§_ L Avj‡d«W gvk©vj AC
I0 a b
I0 M wc. G. m¨vgy‡qjmb N †R. Gg. †KBÝ AC
E
14. Aa¨vcK Gj. iwe‡Ýi msÁv we‡kølY 20
O Y (Avq) Ki‡j cvIqv hvq
Y1 Y2 Q
O
K ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM i. Amxg Afve 40
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
L cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM ii. mxwgZ m¤ú` 23. Drcv`‡bi cwigvY 40 GK‡Ki †P‡q †ewk
M cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM iii. m¤ú‡`i c~Y© e¨envi n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK n‡e?
N ¯^q¤¢‚Z wewb‡qvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K AC = 0 L AC = 20
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M AC  20 N AC  20
15. K (g~jab)  DÏxcKwU c‡o 24 I 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A †`k B †`k
†Kv‡bv GKwU wkí cÖwZôvb 3 w`‡bi
†fvM (C) 1000 1200 A
ch©‡eÿ‡Y †`L‡Z †cj †h, ˆ`wbK 3 GKK
wewb‡qvM (I) 500 700 B `ªe¨ Drcv`b Ki‡jB Zv‡`i Mo LiP (AC)
IQ
miKvwi e¨q (G) 300 300 L (kÖg) me©wb¤œ nq, hvi cwigvY 5 UvKv|
O
wbU ißvwb (X  M) 200  200 wP‡Î A-Gi cwie‡Z© B we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Ki‡j 24. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Drcv`b ¯Í‡i cÖwZôvbwUi
RbmsL¨v 5.5 †KvwU 5 †KvwU i. kÖ‡gi e¨envi evo‡e ˆ`wbK †gvU LiP KZ UvKv?
ii. Drcv`b n«vm cv‡e K9 L 15 M 30 N 45
4. A I B †`‡ki GNP h_vµ‡g iii. gƒja‡bi e¨envi Kg‡e
K 1800, 1800 L 2000, 2000
25. hw` cÖwZôvbwU 4 GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i, Z‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. MC evo‡e
M 1800, 2000 N 2000, 1800 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. AC evo‡e
5. A I B †`‡ki †ÿ‡Î 16. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai cÖe³v †K? iii. MC  AC n‡e
i. A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v GKB iKg K wnKm L G‡jb M iweb N gvk©vj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. B †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v A †`‡ki 17. wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡e¨i w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†P‡q fv‡jv †Kvb ai‡bi? 26. GKK †µZvi evRvi †KvbwU?
iii. B †`‡ki ißvwb Avg`vwbi †P‡q Kg K Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK (Ep  1) K g‡bvcmwb L W–‡qvcmwb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L w¯’wZ¯’vcK (Ep  1)
M Wz‡qvcwj N GK‡PwUqv evRvi
K i I ii L ii I iiiM i I iii N i, ii I iii M GKK w¯’wZ¯’vcK (Ep = 1)
6. †KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? N Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK (Ep = )
27. ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI dvg© Drcv`b Ki‡e hLb
K AC  P  AVC L AC  P  AVC
K 2 UvKvi †bvU 18. M‡gi `vg cÖwZ †KwR 35 UvKv n‡Z 50 M AC  P  AVC N AC = P = AVC
L 5 UvKvi †bvU UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡q 10 †KwR n‡Z 28. †Kvb evRv‡i mvaviYZ P  MC nq?
M 10 UvKvi †bvU 7 †KwR nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Pv‡ji `vg K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
N 1000 UvKvi †bvU w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ?
L GK‡PwUqv evRvi
7. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY Abyhvqx K 0.3 L 0.5 M 0.7 N 1.5
M GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
T MV  DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
KP= L P= N wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi
MV T `ª‡e¨i GKK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (UvKv)  DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M+V T 1 20
M P= N P= X †Kv¤úvwb Y GjvKvevmx‡`i M¨vm mieivn
T M+V
2 16 K‡i _v‡K| GLv‡b Ab¨ †Kv‡bv M¨vm
8. "Money is what Money does" msÁvwU
†Kvb A_©bxwZwe‡`i? 3 12 mieivnKvix cÖwZôvb †bB| †Kv¤úvwbi
K ievU©mb L µvD_vi 4 8 Dchy³ Mo e¨q AC = 15 UvKv, `vg P = 20
M †KBb&m N IqvKvi 5 4 UvKv Ges fvimvg¨ weµ‡qi cwigvY Q = 10|
9. `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡j¨i m¤úK© Kxiƒc? 6 0 29. DÏxc‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbwU †Kvb evRv‡ii AšÍf©y³?
i. abvZ¥K ii. FYvZ¥K iii. wecixZgyLx 19. †gvU Dc‡hvM KZ? K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK L Awj‡Mvcwj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 16 L 20 M 58 N 60 M Wy‡qvcwj N GK‡PwUqv
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 20. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ Øviv †Kvb ai‡bi wewa 30. X †Kv¤úvwbi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨
10. †KvbwU gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m„wóKvix Dcv`vb? Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? i. †gvU e¨q TC = 150 UvKv
K †bvU I avZe gy`ªv K µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa ii. A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡”Q
L wewb‡qvMKvix cÖwZôvb L µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa iii. Mo Avq AR = cÖvwšÍK Avq MR
M Pvwn`v AvgvbZ M mgcÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N †gqvw` AvgvbZ N µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 23

Kzwgjøv †evW© 2023

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. GK UvKvi †bvU Bmy¨ K‡i †K? 11. wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z  20. Pvwn`v‡iLv Wv‡b Ges Dc‡i ¯’vbvšÍi n‡Z cv‡i
K gnve¨e¯’vcK L Mfb©i i. `vg = Mo Avq i. †fv³vi iæwP I Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi d‡j
M A_© mwPe N A_©gš¿x ii. `vg = Mo e¨q ii. †fv³vi Avq e„w×i d‡j
2. †hme `ªe¨ Drcv`‡Ki ci mivmwi †fv‡M iii. Mo Avq = Mo e¨q iii. weKí `ª‡e¨i `vg e„w×i d‡j
e¨en„Z nq Zv‡`i‡K Kx e‡j? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K cÖv_wgK `ªe¨ L cÖvK-cÖv_wgK `ªe¨ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M P~ovšÍ `ªe¨ N gva¨wgK `ªe¨ 12. †K Drcv`‡bi SzuwK enb K‡i? 21. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i P = ?
 wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K f~wg L kÖg K AR = MR L AR  MR
P D S M msMVK N gƒjab M AR  MR N AR = MC
E 13. dv‡g©i cwiwa wk‡íi Zzjbvq 22. Kx‡mi gva¨‡g g~jab m„wó nq?
`vg

Po
i. ÿz`ª K †fv‡Mi L A_© e¨‡qi
D M m‡qi N wewbg‡qi
S ii. mxwgZ
O cwigvY Qo Q 23. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb?
iii. we¯Í…Z
3. DÏxc‡Ki E we›`y‡Z Kx wba©vwiZ nq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K abZvwš¿K L wgkÖ
K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY K i I ii L i I iii M wb‡`©kbvg~jK N Bmjvwg
L fvimvg¨ gRywi M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 24. Mvq‡Ki Mvb †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM?
M fvimvg¨ Drcv`b 14. GKK I Askx`vwi e¨emv n‡Z AwR©Z wbU K †mevMZ L ¯’vbMZ
N fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq Avq‡K Kx e‡j? M mgqMZ N i~cMZ
4. DÏxc‡K Pvwn`v †iLv Wv‡b ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡j K K‡c©v‡iU Avq 25. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ n‡q _v‡K
i. `vg evo‡e L †cÖvcvBUwi Avq i. `y®úÖvc¨Zv
ii. cwigvY evo‡e M wWwf‡W›U ii. m¤ú‡`i weKí e¨envi
iii. `vg Ges cwigvY Dfq evo‡e N AewÈZ K‡c©v‡iU gybvdv iii. wbe©vPb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 15. w¯’i e¨q‡K Kx e¨q e‡j? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L ii I iiiM i I iii N i, ii I iii K cÖv_wgK e¨q L †hŠwMK e¨q K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
5. Pv I Kwd, wPwb I ¸o G‡K Ac‡ii M cwic~iK e¨q N cwieZ©K e¨q  DÏxcKwU c‡o 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K m¤ú~iK L cwic~iK 16. Av‡Li †Qveov †_‡K KvMR ˆZwi n‡j Kx kvwnb `wi`ª cwiev‡ii mšÍvb| †m UvKvi
M cwieZ©K N m¤úK©nxb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó nq? Afv‡e A‡bK mgq bv †L‡q _v‡K| bv †L‡q
6. AvaywbK e¨vswKs †mev cÖ`v‡b †KvbwU GwM‡q? K i~cMZ L †mevMZ _vKv‡Z Zvi kix‡i wewfbœ †ivMe¨vvwa evmv
K GwUGg e¨vswKs M ¯’ v bMZ N mgqMZ euva‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ kvwn‡bi
L B-e¨vswKs 17. PjK n‡jv g‡Zv A‡bK wkï cÖvq bv †L‡q _v‡K|
M †gvevBj e¨vswKs i. MwZkxj ivwk 26. A_©‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K kvwn‡bi Lvev‡ii
N wPivPwiZ e¨vswKs †mev ii. w¯’wZkxj ivwk Pvwn`v‡K Kx ejv hvq?
7. dUKv Pvwn`v Kx‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj? iii. X, Y, Z Bs‡iwR eY©gvjv K wbe©vPb L Afve
K mæ‡`i nvi L Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M `æ®úÖvc¨Zv N eÈb
M wewb‡qvM N mÂq K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 27. kvwn‡bi g‡Zv wkï‡`i bv †L‡q _vKvi
8. †Kvb evRv‡ii cY¨ mgRvZxq?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Rb¨ cÖavbZ `vqx
K Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Bivi evev d‡ji †gŠmy‡gi ïiæ‡Z evRvi i. m¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨Zv
L c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi n‡Z wKQy wjPz wK‡b Avb‡jb| Biv ci ci ii. Amxg Afve
M g‡bvcmwb cuvPwU wjPz †L‡q wb¤œiƒc Dc‡hvM †cj iii. wkï‡`i cÖwZ Ae‡njv
N GK‡PwUqv wjPz 1g 2q 3q 4_© 5g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
9. mvgwMÖK Av‡qi Drm n‡jv cªvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 20 15 10 5 0 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. kÖwg‡Ki Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨ I Kj¨vY Znwej 28. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv
18. cÖ_g wZbwU wjPz †fvM K‡i Bivi cÖvß
ii. mvgvwRK wegv Ae`vb GKwU we›`y‡Z Kx cÖKvk K‡i?
Dc‡hvM KZ?
iii. †cbkb Znwej wb‡q K Ac~Y© wb‡qvM L c~Y© wb‡qvM
K 20 L 25 M 10 N 45
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M m¤ú‡`i ¯^íZv N m¤ú‡`i `ÿ e¨envi
19. Bivi †ÿ‡Î
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 29. abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z A`„k¨ kw³ n‡jv
i. wjPzi †fvM e„w×i mv‡_ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. kÖwgK †kÖwY
n«vm †c‡q‡Q
MC
P
ii. wjPzi †fvM e„w×i mv‡_ †gvU Dc‡hvM ii. †µZv I we‡µZv
E
AC
n«vm †c‡q‡Q iii. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb
10 AR = MR
iii. 5g GKK †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †gvU Dc‡hvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
m‡e©v”P n‡q‡Q K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
O 4
Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 30. Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
10. wPÎvbyhvqx †gvU Avq KZ? K i I ii L i I iii K g~jab L f~wg
K 10 L 20 M 30 N 40 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M msMVb N kÖg
 24

PÆMÖvg †evW© 2023

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. Mo Avq wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU? 11. †Kvb Dcv`vbwU e× A_©bxwZ‡Z †bB? 21. wP‡Î A-AR©b‡hvM¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
TU TR K †fvM e¨q (C) KB LC ME NF
K AR = L AR =
Q Q
L wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) 22. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evRvi fvimvg¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?
TP TC
M AR = N AR = M miKvwi e¨q (G) K Pvwn`v  †hvMvb
Q Q
N wbU ißvwb (Xn) L Pvwn`v = †hvMvb
2. AC †iLvi me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z
i. MC m‡e©v”P 12. C = 200, I = 100, G = 50, n‡j †gvU M Pvwn`v  †hvMvb
ii. MC †iLv EaŸ©Mvgx RvZxq Avq KZ? N Pvwn`v  †hvMvb
iii. AC = MC K 200 L 250 23. Pvwn`vi kZ© †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K1 L2 M3 N4
M 300 N 350
K i I ii L i I iii 24. AvBbRxexi AvBwb mnvqZv †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
13. mÂq wbf©i K‡i K i~cMZ Dc‡hvM
i. e¨‡qi Ici
3. g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v KZ? L †mevMZ Dc‡hvM
K0 L1 ii. Av‡qi Ici M ¯’vbMZ Dc‡hvM
M2 N Amxg iii. Avgvb‡Zi Ici N ¯^Z¡MZ Dc‡hvM
4. evRvi fvimv‡g¨i cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 25. Q = a  bp Kx ai‡bi A‡cÿK?
K AR = AC L AR = MR K i I ii L i I iii K Pvwn`v A‡cÿK
M TR = TC N MR = MC M ii I iii N i, ii I iii L †hvMvb A‡cÿK
5. Qs =  5 + 10P †hvMvb mgxKiY 14. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖavbZ Kq c×wZ‡Z FY M Avq A‡cÿK
i. Qs = Aaxb PjK wbqš¿Y K‡i? N e¨q A‡cÿK
ii. P = ¯^vaxb PjK 26. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb FYvZ¥K nq ZLb
K2 L3 M4 N5
iii. 5 = aªæeK †gvU Dc‡hvM
15. mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K ev‡o L K‡g
K 50 UvKv L 20 UvKv
K i I ii L i I iii M w¯’i _v‡K N k~Y¨ nq
M 10 UvKv N 5 UvKv
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 27. Drcv`‡bi wPi¯’vqx Dcv`b n‡jv
 wPÎwU †`‡L 6 I 7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 16. `vg¯Íi e„w× †c‡j
K f‚wg L kÖg
P, R, C K A‡_©i g~j¨ ev‡o
MC AC M g~jab N msMVb
L A‡_©i g~j¨ K‡g  DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E M A‡_©i g~j¨ k~b¨ nq
10 P = AR = PR †fv‡Mi GKK (Q) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (MU)
6 N A‡_©i g~j¨ w¯’i _v‡K
D 1 5
17. wc. G. m¨vgy‡qjm‡bi g‡Z †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK
O 15 30
Q 2 4
mgm¨vi msL¨v
6. wPÎ Abyhvqx †gvU e¨q KZ? 3 3
K1 L2 M3 N4
K6 L 10 M 180 N 300 4 2
18. Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨?
7. wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z K abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’v
5 1
i. `vg = Mo e¨q 6 0
L wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’v
ii. `vg = cÖvwšÍK e¨q
M wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’v 7 1
iii. cÖvwšÍK e¨q = cÖvwšÍK Avq
N Bmjvwg A_©e¨e¯’v 28. †gvU Dc‡hvM KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
19. †KvbwU mvgwóK A_©‰bwZK PjK? K 17 L 16
K i I ii L i I iii
K Pvwn`v L Drcv`b M 15 N 14
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M eÈb N RvZxq Avq
29. DÏxc‡K †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q?
8. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU?
K mgvbycvwZK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
K C = a + by  wPÎwU jÿ K‡i 20 I 21bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
L C = a  by L w¯’i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
Y `ªe¨
M C =  a  by M µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
N C =  a + by A N µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
9. †KvbwU P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨? 12 F Y
B
K fvZ L avb 9 A B
M Mg N gq`v 6 C
E O X
10. GKwU †`‡ki GNP = 200, CCA = 90 D
X `ªe¨
n‡j †`kwUi NNP KZ?
O 6 9 12 30. wP‡Î AB †iLvi Xvj
20. A we›`y‡Z X-`ª‡e¨i Drcv`b KZ? K k~b¨ L Amxg
K 90 L 110
K0 L6 M9 N 12 M abvZ¥K N FYvZ¥K
M 200 N 290
 25

wm‡jU †evW© 2023

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx cÖKvk K‡i? 13. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z 22. AwZwi³ GK GKK `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i †h
K Drcv`‡bi wbw`©ó cwigvY DcKiY ejv nq? AwZwi³ Avq nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
L wewfbœ `v‡g Drcv`‡bi cwigvY K f~wg L kÖg K †gvU Avq L Mo Avq
M Drcv`b I e¨‡qi m¤úK© M g~jab N msMVb M cªvwšÍK Avq N gæbvdv
N `y‡Uv `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ mswgkÖY 14. dv‡g©i w¯’i e¨q †KvbwU? 23. †Kvb evRv‡i cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv f‚wg
2. i¨vMbvi wd«k A_©bxwZ‡K Kq fv‡M fvM K‡ib? K evwofvov A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj?
K2 L3 M4 N5 L A¯’vqx kÖwg‡Ki gRywi K GK‡PwUqv
3. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv M cwienY e¨q L Awj‡Mvcwj
i. †K›`ªxq A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv N KuvPvgvj µ‡qi e¨q M GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
ii. †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv  DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : N c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
iii. mvgvwRK wbivcËv GKwU †`‡ki †gvU Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b 24. dv‡g©i fvimv‡g¨i cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 200 †KvwU UvKv Ges wbU ißvwb Avq 25 K AR = MR L MR = P
K i I ii L i I iii †KvwU UvKv| M MR = MC N MR  MC
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 15. †`kwUi †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b KZ †KvwU UvKv? 25. C = a + bY GKwU ¯^íKvjxb †fvM
4. cÖPwjZ `v‡g we‡µZv †h cwigvY `ªe¨ K 25 L 175 A‡cÿK| GLv‡b ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM KZ?
M 200 N 225 Ka Lb M aY N bY
weµq K‡i‡Z B”QzK Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
16. D³ †`‡k  DÏxcKwU c‡o 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K Pvwn`v L †hvMvb
i. ißvwb Avq, Avg`vwb e¨q A‡cÿv †ewk kÖg wb‡qvM 1 2 3 4
M Drcv`b N gRy`
5. wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe¨¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii cwic~iK? ii. GNP, GDP A‡cÿv eo †gvU Drcv`b 22 27 30 32
K Pv-Kwd L Kjg-†cbwmj iii. A_©bxwZ e× cÖK…wZi 26. PZz_© GKK kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ?
M Ry‡Zv-†gvRv N fvZ-iæwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K5 L3 M2 N1
6. e¨w³MZ Avq †_‡K Ki ev` w`‡j Kx K i I ii L i I iii 27. DÏxc‡K Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewa cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?
cvIqv hvq? M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
K †gvU Avq L †gvU e¨q 17. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi m~Î †KvbwU? L w¯’i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
M mÂq N e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
Q Q P P M µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
K eP = . L eP = .
P P Q Q N µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
7. A‡_©i Pvwn`v Kq ai‡bi P Q Q P
K2 L3 M4 N5 M eP = .
Q P
N eP = .
P Q 28. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
 wb‡Pi A‡cÿK `y‡Uv jÿ Ki Ges 8 I 9bs 18. wdkv‡ii ZË¡ Abymv‡‡i gy`ªvi †hvMvb †KvbwU? i. K‡qKRb we‡µZv
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K MT L PV M PT N MV ii. mgRvZxq `ªe¨
Qd = 10  P 19. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi cwigvYMZ iii. dvg© `vgMÖnxZv
Qs =  2 + P c×wZ †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
8. fvimvg¨ `vg KZ? K F‡Yi †ikwbs K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K2 L4 M6 N8  DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
L ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv
9. `ªe¨wU webvg~‡j¨ cvIqv †M‡j Pvwn`vi wg. ingvb GKwU e¨vs‡Ki kvLv e¨e¯’vcK|
M e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b
cwigvY KZ? D³ kvLvq A‡bK PjwZ I mÂqx wnmve
N cÖZ¨ÿ Av‡`k
K5 L 10 M 15 N 20
 wb‡Pi wPÎ Abymv‡i 20 I 21bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cwiPvwjZ nq| GjvKvi e¨emv-evwYR¨
10. KwZcq we‡µZvi evRvi †KvbwU?
MC cÖmv‡i GwU f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|
K Awj‡Mvcwj
H 29. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwUi
L c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv T AC
G mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©?
M wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv F K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
N g‡bvcmwb MR AR
O Drcv`b L †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
11. †Kv‡bv †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq †KvbwU‡Z Qo

20. dv‡g© i fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU? M we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK

AšÍf©³
y _v‡K?
KT LF MG NH N wek¦e¨vsK
K GNP L GDP
M NNP N NNI 21. wPÎwU‡Z 30. D³ e¨vs‡Ki KvR n‡jv
12. Pvwn`v †iLvi ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii KviY n‡jv i. AR †iLvi Xvj  MR †iLvi Xvj i. FY`vb
i. iæwPi cwieZ©b ii. MR †iLvi Xvj  AR †iLvi Xvj ii. FYwbqš¿Y
ii. Avq e„w× iii. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q iii. gƒjab MVb
iii. Avq n«vm wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii K i I ii L i I iii
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 26

ewikvj †evW© 2023

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. AvqZ‡bi wfwˇZ evRvi‡K Kq fv‡M fvM 11. †Kvb e¨vsKwU ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv wewbgq bxwZ 20. ÒKvMR n‡Z eB ˆZwiÓ Kx ai‡bi
Kiv hvq? cÖYqb K‡i _v‡K? Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i?
K2 L3 M4 N5 K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L †K›`ªxq e¨vsK K †mevMZ L ¯^Z¡MZ
 DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M MªvgxY e¨vsK N we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK M KvjMZ N iƒcMZ
P, R, C SMC 12. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR †KvbwU? 21. Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv abvZ¥K n‡j, `ªe¨wU n‡e
SAC
K †bvU cÖPjb Kiv K wejvmRvZ L ¯^vfvweK
15 = P2
E0 L FY wbqš¿Y Kiv M cÖ‡qvRbxq N wM‡db
10 = P0
5 = P1
P = AR = MR = D M wnmve wbixÿY Kiv 22. `vg w¯’i Ae¯’vq iæwP e„w×i d‡j Pvwn`vi
O Q N wewbgq wej evÆv Kiv Kx NU‡e?
Q0 = 100
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 13 I 14bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb
2. DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z †gvU Avq KZ?
K 500 L 1000 Y bvgK GKwU †`‡ki gy`ªv evRv‡ii Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc L Pvwn`vi cÖmviY
M 1500 N 2000 M = 100, T = 50, P = 30 M Pvwn`vi n«vm
3. DÏxc‡K Mo e¨q 10 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 13. DÏxc‡K wdkv‡ii mgxKiY Abyhvqx A‡_©i N Pvwn`vi e„w×
cÖPjb MwZ KZ?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 23 I 24bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
15 UvKv n‡j
i. AC  P K2 L5 M 15 N 20 Pvwn`vi mgxKiY : D = 25  4P
ii. TC  TR 14. DÏxc‡Ki aviYv Abyhvqx `ª‡e¨i `vg¯Íi †hvMvb mgxKiY : S = 7 + 2P
iii. AC = AR e„w× cv‡e hw` 23. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ cwigvY KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. M Gi gvb e„w× cvq K 10 L 13 M 16 N 19
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ ev‡o 24. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi `vg 4 UvKv †_‡K
4. †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© iii. `ª‡e¨i †jb‡`b w¯’i _v‡K †e‡o 5 UvKv n‡j, Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv n‡e
Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK nq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K Ed = 0 L Ed = 1
K ¯^íKvjxb evRvi M Ed  1 N Ed  1
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
L AwZ¯^íKvjxb evRvi 15. `vg cÖwµqvq ÔA`„k¨ n¯ÍÕ aviYvwUi cÖeZ©K †K? 25. Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj
M `xN©Kvjxb evRvi K abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K
K GWvg w¯§_ L Gj. iweÝ
N AwZ `xN©Kvjxb evRvi M k~b¨ N Amxg
M †R. Gg. †KBÝ N Kvj© gvK©m
5. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i P, AR Ges MR-Gi †ÿ‡Î 16. †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vq mKj A_©‰bwZK Kvh©Kjvc 26. Mo e¨q wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv
i. P = AR †K›`øxq cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Z nq? TC TC
K AC = L AC =
ii. P = MR Q Q
K Bmjvwg L wgkÖ
1 Q Q
iii. MR = AR
2 M wb‡`© k g~ j K N abZvwš¿K M AC =
TC
N AC =
TC
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 17. A_©bxwZ‡Z wbe©vPb mgm¨v D™¢‡ei KviY 27. Drcv`‡bi ÔRxešÍ DcKiYÕ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. Amxg Afve nq †Kvb¸‡jv?
6. GDP-Gi c~Yi© ƒc †KvbwU? ii. mxwgZ m¤ú` K f~wg I kÖg L gƒjab I msMVb
K Gross Domestic Product iii. m¤ú‡`i weKí e¨envi M f~wg I g~jab N kÖg I msMVb
L Gross Domestic Production wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 28. †gvU Drcv`b (TP) m‡e©v”P Ae¯’vq TP,
M Gross Dominative Product K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii AP I MP Gi m¤úK© Kx n‡e?
N Gross Dominative Production  wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K AP  MP L AP = MP
7. gy³ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q (AE) wbY©‡qi K (g~jab) M AP  TP N AP = TP
m~Î †KvbwU? DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

K AE = C + I + G
100 T1 kÖg (L) g~jab (K) †gvU Drcv`b
L AE = C + I
M AE = C + I + G + (X + M) T2
IQ
(Rb) (UvKv) (TP) (gY)
50
N AE = C + I + G + (X  M) 1 2000 8
L (kÖg) 2 2000 14
8. cª‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡jv O 6 12
K f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 18. DÏxc‡Ki IQ †iLvwU n‡jv 3 2000 18
L j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K wbi‡cÿ †iLv 4 2000 19
M evg †_‡K Wv‡b EaŸ©Mvgx L mgDrcv`b †iLv 29. DÏxc‡K 3q GKK kÖwg‡Ki cÖvwšÍK
N evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx M Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Drcv`b KZ?
9. C = 50 + 0.5Y, I = 50, G = 50; n‡j N Mo w¯’i e¨q †iLv K4 L5 M6 N7
fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq KZ? 19. T2 †KŠk‡ji cwie‡Z© T1 †KŠkj MÖnY Ki‡j 30. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewai †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨
K 300 L 400 M 500 N 600 i. kÖ‡gi e¨envi Kg‡e i. f~wgi De©iZv cwieZ©bkxj
10. 'The Purchasing Power of Money' ii. Drcv`b Kg‡e ii. ¯^íKvj
MÖ‡š’i †jLK †K? iii. gƒja‡bi e¨envi evo‡e iii. cÖhyw³ w¯’i
K wR. µvD_vi L ievU©mb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M Aviwfs wdmvi N mvBgb wbDK¤^ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 27

w`bvRcyi †evW© 2023

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg ¯^qswµqfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq 11. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ? 20. DÏxcKwU †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?
†h A_©e¨e¯’vq 1 K GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
i. Bmjvwg ii. abZvwš¿K iii. wgkÖ K0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L
2 M1 N L GK‡PwUqv
M c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
Ki L ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 12. mƒwP‡Z cÖ`wk©Z Z_¨ Abyhvqx GKwU Pvwn`v
N Awj‡Mvcwj
2. A_©bxwZi hgR mgm¨vØq †KvbwU? †iLv A¼b Ki‡j Zvi AvK…wZ n‡e
K ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v I evRvi fvimvg¨ 21. DÏxcK Abyhvqx
K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
L mvgvwRK Kj¨vY I wbe©vPb mgm¨v i. MR = P ii. TR = P iii. `vg wbw`©ó
L Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx
M `y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbe©vPb mgm¨v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
N `y®úÖvc¨Zv I ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
3. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv 22. Dš§y³ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Av‡qi mgxKiY †KvbwU?
i. †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv 13. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? KC+I
ii. †kÖwY-†kvlYnxbZv K wewb‡qvM e„w× Kiv L C+I+G
iii. D‡`¨v‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv L bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó Kiv M C + I + G + (X + M)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv N C + I + G + (X  M)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N DcKiY e¨envi Kiv 23. †KvbwU‡Z we‡`wk‡`i Avq AšÍf³
©y nq?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K GDP L NNP M NDP N GNP
14. ¯^íKv‡j †KvbwU cwieZ©bxq e¨q (Variable Cost)?
K (cyuwR)  DÏxcKwU c‡o 24 I 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K dv‡g©i Rwg µ‡q e¨q
Q ÔKÕ †`k ÔLÕ †`k †_‡K FY wb‡q GKwU we`y¨r
L evwofvov eve` e¨q
K1 a †K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| †mLv‡b Dfq †`‡ki
M hš¿cvwZ µqRwbZ e¨q
kÖwgKiv Kg©iZ| ÔLÕ †`‡ki kÖwgKiv cÖwZ gv‡m
b Q0
N KuvPvgvj µ‡qi Rb¨ e¨q Zv‡`i Avq Zv‡`i wbR †`‡k cvwV‡q †`q|
K2
L (kÖ g )  DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 24. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ †`‡ki GNP†Z †KvbwU
O L1 L2
cwieZ©bxq †gvU Drcv`b AšÍf©³y n‡e?
QQ0 (= mgDrcv`b) mswgkÖY
4. DÏxc‡K †Kvb †gŠwjK mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ Dcv`b (kªg) (GKK) K ÔKÕ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡`i Avq
Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1g 1 15 L ÔLÕ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡`i Avq
K Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e 2q 2 25 M ÔKÕ †`‡k ÔLÕ †`‡ki wewb‡qvMK…Z A_©
L KZUzKz Drcv`b Kiv n‡e N Dc‡ii me¸‡jv
3q 3 32
M Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv n‡e 25. DÏxc‡Ki ÔLÕ †`‡ki GNP†Z †KvbwU
N Kx Dcv‡q Drcv`b Kiv n‡e 4_© 4 35
AšÍf©³ y n‡e
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 5 I 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 15. 4_© mswgkÖ‡Y cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ GKK? i. ÔKÕ †`‡k Kg©jZ ÔLÕ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡`i Avq
Y `ªe¨ K 35 L 20 M 9 N3 ii. ÔKÕ †`‡k ÔLÕ †`‡ki wewb‡qvMK…Z A_©
P S 16. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i iii. ÔKÕ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡`i Avq
R i. mgvbycvwZK cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
X `ª e ¨ ii. cwieZ©bxq Drcv`b mgRvZxq K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
O Q
iii. Drcv`b †KŠkj w¯’i 26. †KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv?
5. DÏxc‡K Y `ª‡e¨i cwigvY k~b¨ (0) n‡j X wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 2 UvKvi †bvU L 10 UvKvi †bvU
`ª‡e¨i Drcv`‡bi cwigvY KZ? M 100 UvKvi †bvU N 1000 UvKvi †bvU
K 0 (k~b¨) L OP K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M OQ N PQ 17. †h evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v GKRb Ges 27. †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR?
6. DÏxc‡K S we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? we‡µZv AmsL¨ _v‡K, †m evRvi‡K e‡j K wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó
K c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b K g‡bvcwj L Awj‡Mvcwj L AvgvbZ MÖnY
L Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I Kg Drcv`b M FY wbqš¿Y
M Wy‡qvcmwb N g‡bvcmwb
M AR©b‡hvM¨ Drcv`b N FY cÖ`vb
N A-AR©b‡hvM¨ Drcv`b 18. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i fvimv‡g¨i kZ© n‡jv  DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
7. †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM i. MC = MR
GKwU †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 200
KZ n‡e? ii. MC †iLvi Xvj  MR †iLvi Xvj
iii. MR †iLvi Xvj  MC †iLvi Xvj
e¨vsKm„ó gy`vª i cwigvY (M) = 100
K k~b¨ L FYvZ¥K M abvZ¥K N Amxg
8. ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki mv‡_ Aaxb Pj‡Ki m¤úK©‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 5
Kx ejv nq? †gvU †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 100
Ki L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii
K aª–eK L civwgwZ e¨vsKm„ó gy`vª i cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 5
19. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRv‡ii †kÖwYwefvM Kiv hvq 28. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi (P) KZ n‡e?
M Xvj N A‡cÿK
i. AvqZ‡bi wfwˇZ K5 L 10 M 15 N 20
9. Qd = 30  3P
(†hLv‡b Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, ii. Drcv`‡bi wfwˇZ 29. H †`‡k hw` wewnZ gy`ªv (M) I e¨vsKm„ó gy`ªv
P = `ª‡e¨i `vg) iii. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ (M) wظY nq Z‡e `vg¯Íi (P) KZ n‡e?
mgxKi‡Y P Gi gvb 3 n‡j Qd = KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 10 L 15 M 20 N 30
K3 L 21 M 27 N 30 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 30. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ¸YMZ FY wbqš¿‡Yi
10. wPwb I ¸o ci¯úi †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : nvwZqvi n‡jv
K cwieZ©K `ªe¨ L cwic~iK `ªe¨
i. F‡Yi †ikwbs
M wM‡db `ªe¨ N †fe‡jb `ªe¨ weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) †gvU Avq (TR)
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 11 I 12bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ii. ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv
1 10
iii. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ
`ª‡e¨i `vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Qd) 2 20
5 10 3 30
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
10 10 4 40
 28

gqgbwmsn †evW© 2023

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó‡K Kx e‡j? 11. evRvi fvimv‡g¨i kZ© †KvbwU? 21. P = AR = MR nq wb‡Pi †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i?
K †gvU Dc‡hvM K Pvwn`v  †hvMvb K GK‡PwUqvg~jK
L Mo Dc‡hvM L c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
L Pvwn`v = †hvMvb
M cwigvYMZ Dc‡hvM M Awj‡Mvcwj
M Pvwn`v  †hvMvb N Wy‡qvcwj
N ch©vqMZ Dc‡hvM
2. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa †ewk N Pvwn`v  †hvMvb  wP†Î cÖ`wk©Z e¨q †iLv †_‡K 22 I 23bs
12. wP‡Î E we›`ywUi ¯’vbvšÍi NU‡e hw` cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
cÖ‡hvR¨ nq Y
K KzwUi wk‡í L e¨emvq i. Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b nq STC
M K…wl N wkí ii. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K

e¨q (UvKv)
a
3. †KvbwU‡Z we‡`wk‡`i Avq AšÍf©y³ nq? iii. †hvMvb cwieZ©b nq 20
K GDP L GNP M NNP N NI wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 10 TFC
4. wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨qwU miKv‡ii Dbœqb e¨‡qi AšÍf©y³? K i I iii L i I ii O X
10
K cÖkvmwbK KvR cwiPvjbv
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (GKK)
L miKvwi F‡Yi my` cÖ`vb 22. wP‡Î STC †iLvi a we›`y‡Z TVC KZ UvKv?
13. mxgve× m¤ú‡`i †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj †Kgb n‡e?
M wkÿv I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K 100 L 150 M 200 N 250
K abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K
N eq¯‹ fvZv cÖ`vb 23. STC = KZ?
5. S = Y  C mgxKiYwU †Kvb ai‡bi A‡cÿK? M Amxg N k~b¨ K STC = AVC + AFC
K †fvM L wewb‡qvM 14. †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©
v ”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM L STC = TFC + TVC
M STC = TFC + AVC
M mÂq N Avq K m‡e© v ”P nq L me©wb¤œ nq N STC = AC + AVC
 wPÎwU jÿ K‡i 6 I 7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M abvZ¥K nq N k~b¨ nq 24. †KvbwU Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY?
`vg (P), LiP (C), Avq (R)
AC 15. Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv‡K Kx e‡j? K g~jab L f~wg M msMVb N kÖg
Y MC
K Drcv`b L †fvM  DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
30
F P = AR = PR
M mÂq N wewb‡qvM A †`‡ki GDP = 7 wewjqb Wjvi|
20
E 16. gvbeRxe‡b cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq m¤ú‡`i Avg`vwb = 2 wewjqb Wjvi Ges ißvwb =
10
¯^íZv‡K Kx e‡j? 4 wewjqb Wjvi|
5
Q (cwigvY) 25. A †`‡ki GNP KZ?
O
5 10 20 30 K m¤ú‡`i NvUwZ K6 L7 M8 N9
6. DÏxcK Abyhvqx dvg©wUi Drcv`‡bi cwigvY KZ? L mxgvnxb Pvwn`v 26. A †`‡ki AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡R¨i djvdj Kx n‡e?
K5 L 10 M 20 N 30 M m¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨Zv K jvf L ÿwZ
7. DÏxc‡K AC †iLv P we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j N mxgvnxb Afve M AcwiewZ©Z N ißvwb Kg‡e
Kx n‡e? 27. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb
K gybvdv AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e
17. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡jv
i. RvZxq Avq AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
L ¯^vfvweK gybvdv K civwgwZ L aªæeK
M A¯^vfvweK gybvdv ii. mæ‡`i nvi
M ¯^vaxb PjK N Aaxb PjK
N ÿwZ iii. dv‡g©i gybvdv
28. f~wgi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
8. †gvevBj e¨vswKs-Gi †ÿ‡Î Riæwi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. f~wg cÖK…wZi `vb
i. Kw¤úDUvi K i I ii L i I iii ii. †hvMvb mxgve×
ii. †gvevBj †mU M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. De©ivkw³i cv_©K¨ Av‡Q
iii. wcb †KvW  wPÎwU †`‡L 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Y K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii M B  DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii C AvKivg †nv‡mb wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs wel‡q
9. †KvbwU Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv? X
m‡e©v”P wWwMÖ jvf K‡i XvKvq GKwU e¨vs‡K
K 500 UvKvi †bvU
O N PvKwi K‡ib| wZwb †h e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib
L 500 UvKvi †PK 18. wPÎvbyhvqx †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`b m¤¢e bq? †mwU gy`ªv evRv‡i kx‡l© Ae¯’vb K‡i|
M 500 UvKvi WªvdU KM LN cÖwZôvbwU cÖ‡qvR‡b miKvi‡KI Avw_©K
N 500 UvKvi cÖvBReÛ M B NC wel‡q civgk© w`‡q _v‡K|
29. DÏxc‡K †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
10. †h evRv‡i AmsL¨ we‡µZv Ges 1 Rb gvÎ 19. DÏxc‡Ki 'C' we›`y‡Z Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
K Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b K K„wl e¨vsK L evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
†µZv _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j M †mvbvjx e¨vsK N we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
K W–‡qvcwj L W–‡qvcmwb L c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
30. DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ e¨vsKwU FY wbqš¿Y
M g‡bvcwj N g‡bvcmwb M m¤ú‡`i c~Y© e¨envi I †eKviZ¡
K‡i Kxfv‡e?
 wPÎwU †`‡L 11 I 12bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : N m¤ú‡`i Ac~Y© e¨envi I †eKviZ¡ i. e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
D
Y S1 20. Pvwn`v †iLv evgw`‡K ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii KviY ii. bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b K‡i
E K Pvwn`v e„w× iii. miKvwi FYcÎ µq-weµ‡qi Øviv
`vg

P
L Pvwn`v n«vm wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
D1
S K i I ii L i I iii
X M Pvwn`v ms‡KvPb
O Q M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cwigvY N Pvwn`v m¤úÖmviY
 29

XvKv †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU L) c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. wewnZ gy`ªv KZ cÖKvi? 13. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z 22. Wv³v‡ii wPwKrmv †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hv‡Mi
K2 L3 M4 N5 i. MR = MC mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?
2. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi ¸YMZ nvwZqvi n‡jv ii. AR = MR K iƒcMZ L ¯’vbMZ
iii. P  MC
i. ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv M †mevMZ N KvjMZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b 23. †hvMvbwewa Abyhvqx ÔAb¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©ZÕ
K i I ii L i I iii
iii. cÖZ¨ÿ Av‡`k ej‡Z †evSvq
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. DcKi‡Yi `vg
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi ii. †fv³vi Avq
DËi `vI : iii. KvwiMwi Ávb
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
`vg (P), LiP (C), Avq (R)
MV = PT wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Y
GLv‡b, M = 500, V = 10, T = 100 MC AC
K i I ii L i I iii
F
3. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi KZ? 40 P = AR = MR M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
30
K 50 L 100 M 500 N 1000 E
20  wb‡Pi m~wP †_‡K 24 I 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
4. hw` A‡_©i mieivn (M) wظY Kiv nq, Z‡e 10
`vg¯Íi KZ n‡e? cwigvY (Q) Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi cwigvY
O `vg (UvKv)
K 1000 L 500 M 100 N 50 10 20 30 40
(GKK) (GKK)
5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR n‡jv 14. DÏxcK Abyhvqx dvg©wUi fvimvg¨ Drcv`‡bi
10 400 200
i. AvgvbZ msMÖn
cwigvY KZ?
K 10 L 20 M 30 N 40 20 300 300
ii. †bvU cÖPjb
15. DÏxc‡K AC †iLv F we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j Kx n‡e? 30 200 400
iii. FY`vb
K ¯^vfvweK gybvdv n‡e 40 100 500
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L A¯^vfvweK gybvdv n‡e 24. `ªe¨wUi fvimvg¨ cwigvY KZ?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M ÿwZ n‡e K 100 L 200
6. wZb LvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci
N gybvdv AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e M 300 N 400
m~Î †KvbwU?
K Y = C + I + G + (X + M) 16. Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY †KvbwU? 25. †Kvb `v‡g evRv‡i 400 GKK DØ„Ë _vK‡e?
L Y=C+I+G K f‚wg L g~jab K 40 L 30
M Y = C + I + G + (X  M) M kÖg N msMVb M 20 N 10
NY=C+I
17. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j, †gvU Drcv`b KZ n‡e? 26. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZi AvswkK wPÎ
7. †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z
K k~b¨ L FYvZ¥K Zz‡j a‡i?
AšÍf©y³ nq?
M me©wb¤œ N m‡e©v”P K e¨wóK A_©bxwZ
K GNI L NNI M GDP N CCA
8. Av‡qi cwieZ©‡b †Kvb ai‡bi wewb‡qvM 18. f‚ w gi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv L mvgwóK A_©bxwZ
cwieZ©b nq bv| i. wPi¯’vqx M AvšÍRv© wZK A_©bxwZ
K bxU wewb‡qvM ii. †hvMvb mxgve× N Dbœqb A_©bxwZ
L †gvU wewb‡qvM iii. ¯’vbvšÍi‡hvM¨ 27. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb?
M cÖivwPZ wewb‡qvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K Bmjvwg
N ¯^q¤¢‚Z wewb‡qvM K i I ii L i I iii L wgkÖ
 wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M abZvwš¿K
S =  25 + 0.25Y  wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi N wb‡`©kg~jK
S.I
DËi `vI : 28. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
F
100 I = 100 i. Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
75 Rwgi cwigvY †gvU Drcv`b ii. m¤ú‡`i ivóªxq gvwjKvbv
kÖg (GKK)
50
E
I = 50 (GKi) (GKK) iii. †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv
25 1 1 20 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
O Y 1 2 38 K i I ii L i I iii
100 200 300 400 500
 25 1 3 54 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
9. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq¯Íi KZ? 1 4 64  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi
K 100 L 200 M 300 N 400
19. 3q GKK kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ? DËi `vI :
10. wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q 100 n‡j, fvimvg¨ Y Mg
K 10 L 16 M 18 N 20
RvZxq Avq KZ n‡e? A
K 200 L 300 M 400 N 500
20. DÏxc‡K †Kvb Drcv`b wewa Kvh©
K i n‡q‡Q? 25
B F
20
11. †h evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v gvÎ GKRb †m evRvi‡K K µgn« v mgvb cÖ vwšÍ K Drcv`b
C
ejv nq L µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
10 E
K g‡bvcmwb L g‡bvcwj M µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b D
O avb
M Wz‡qvcwj N Wz‡qvcmwb N µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b 10 20 25

12. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii ˆewkó¨? 21. mvaviYZt †Kvb ai‡bi `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK? 29. av‡bi Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j, M‡gi Drcv`b KZ n‡e?
K0 L 10
K mgRvZxq `ªe¨ K cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨
M 20 N 25
L DcKi‡Yi c~Y©MwZkxjZv L wbK…ó `ªe¨ 30. DÏxc‡K m¤ú‡`i Ac~Y© e¨envi wb‡`©kK we›`y †KvbwU?
M wbw`©ó `vg M RxebiÿvKvix `ªe¨ KB LC
N wbKU cwieZ©K `ªe¨ †bB N wejvm `ªe¨ ME NF
 30

ivRkvnx †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU L) c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. ÒA_© hv K‡i ZvB A_©Ó GwU Kvi Dw³?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 11 I 12bs 22. A¨vWvg w¯§_ A_©bxwZ‡K Kx e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb?
K IqvKvi L ievU©mb cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K Kj¨v‡Yi weÁvb L m¤ú‡`i weÁvb
M †KBÝ N gvk©vj
Y M ¯^íZvi weÁvb N mgm¨vi weÁvb
SMC
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 23 I 24bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

Avq, eÅq, `vg

SAC
s
wg. 'H' evRvi †_‡K PviwU †Mvcvj‡fvM Avg µq 15
T
v
w Y `Ë eÅ
u
Kij| 1g AvgwU †fv‡Mi ci †m 30 UvKvi mgvb 13 R
AR
S
Dc‡hvM †cj| Gfv‡e 2q, 3q I 4_© Avg †fv‡Mi MR X 10
O
ci †m h_vµ‡g 55 UvKv, 75 UvKv I 90 UvKvi 110 Drcv`b 8
11. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU? 6
mgcwigvY †gvU Dc‡hvM †cj| 4
K 'T' L 'U' M 'R' N 'V'
2. DÏxc‡K A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewawU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q 12. wP‡Î 'AC' †iLv `vg †iLvi Dc‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡j, 2
T
K µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa O X `ËeÅ
dvg© AR©b Ki‡e 7 14 21
L µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
i. Mo e¨‡qi Zzjbvq Mo Avq Kg 23. Y-`ª‡e¨i Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j X-`ª‡e¨i Drcv`‡bi
M Pvwn`v wewa
ii. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv cwigvY KZ?
N µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa iii. ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i Drcv`b K0 L7 M 14 N 21
3. 3q AvgwU †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KZ n‡e? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 24. wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq
K 15 L 20 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. `ywU `ª‡e¨i wewfbœ mswgkÖY
M 25 N k~b¨ 13. e¨w³MZ Avq n‡Z AvqKi ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq ii. my‡hvM e¨q
4. Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× NU‡e hw` K †gvU RvZxq Avq L †gvU †`kR Avq iii. Pvwn`v wewa
i. Av‡qi cwieZ©b nq M e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq N wbU RvZxq Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. `v‡gi cwieZ©b nq 14. GNP Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. iæwPi cwieZ©b nq K Gross National Product
L Gross Nominal Product
25. ÒDc‡hvM n‡”Q †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i IB we‡kl ¸Y ev
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M Gross Net Product ÿgZv, hv gvby‡li Afve c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡iÓ
K i I ii L ii I iii N Gross Natural Product †K e‡j‡Qb?
M i I iii N i, ii I iii 15. GNP-†Z AšÍf³ ©y n‡e K gvk©vj L †gqvm©
5. †gvU Dc‡hvM hLb Kg‡Z _v‡K ZLb cÖvwšÍK i. f‚L‡Ð Ae¯’vbiZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i Avq M wjcmx N iweÝ
Dc‡hvM n‡e ii. †`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk bvMwiK‡`i Avq 26. c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i dv‡g©i TR †iLvi AvK…wZ
K m‡e©v”P L me©wb¤œ iii. we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i Avq †Kgb n‡e?
M k~b¨ N FYvZ¥K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K evg †_‡K Wv‡b EaŸ©Mvgx
6. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
L evg †_‡K Wv‡b wbw¤œMvgx
K1 L2 M3 N4 16. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j ejv nq? M f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
 wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 7 I 8bs cÖ‡kœi N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
M MÖvgxY e¨vsK N evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
DËi `vI : 27. †gvU e¨q mgvb
17. gy`ªvi KvR n‡jv
`vg (P) i. g~‡j¨i cwigvcK
i. TC = AC  Q
S ii. TC = TFC + TVC
D S T ii. †hvMv‡bi evnb iii. TC = MC  Q
33 = P3
F iii. wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
22 = P2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
C D K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
11 = P1  wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges 28 I 29 bs cÖ‡kœi
S D X  DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : DËi `vI :
O 6 12 18 24 wg. X e¨emvwqK Kvi‡Y e¨vs‡K GKwU wnmve
Pvjy K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb †h AvgvbZ Rgv K‡ib Rwgi kÖ‡gi †gvU cÖvwšÍK
Pvwn`v/ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY
Zv †_‡K hLb B”Qv Ges hZ UvKv cÖ ‡ qvRb cwigvY cwigvY Drcv`b Drcv`b
7. wP‡Îi fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY KZ? 5 GKK 2 GKK 12 GKK 12 GKK
K 0, 6 L 11, 12 †jb‡`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
M 22, 18 N 33, 24
18. DÏxc‡K †Kvb Avgvb‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 5 GKK 3 GKK 20 GKK ?
K mÂqx AvgvbZ L ¯’vqx AvgvbZ 5 GKK 4 GKK ? 6 GKK
8. 11 UvKv `v‡g D we›`y‡Z `ª‡e¨i Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
M PjwZ AvgvbZ N †gqvw` AvgvbZ
K fvimvg¨ cwigvY 28. Lvwj (?) N‡i †gvU Drcv`b I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
L AwZwi³ †hvMvb
19. D³ Avgvb‡Zi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv n‡e h_vµ‡g
i. AvgvbZKvix‡K wbw`©ó †gqv‡` AvgvbZ ivL‡Z nq
M AwZwi³ Pvwn`v K 34, 9 L 14, 6
ii. AvgvbZKvix my` cvq bv
N k~b¨ Pvwn`v M 15, 10 N 26, 8
iii. AvgvbZKvixi wnmve n‡Z mvwf©m PvR©
9. †Kvb `ª‡e¨i AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 29. DcwiD³ DÏxc‡K
†bIqv nq
†h AwZwi³ e¨q nq, Zv‡K e‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. †gvU Drcvv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o
K †gvU e¨q L Mo e¨q ii. Mo Drcv`b me©`v w¯’i _v‡K
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M cÖvwšÍK e¨q N cwieZ©bxq e¨q 20. AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK Kv‡K ejv nq? iii. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nq
10. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z †evSvq K cj m¨vgy‡qjmb L A¨vWvg w¯§_ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb M Aa¨vcK gvk©vj N †WwfW wiKv‡W©v K i I ii L ii I iii
ii. GKwU wbw`©ó cY¨ 21. ¯^qswµq `vg e¨e¯’v †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨? M i I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. †µZv-we‡µZvi `iKlvKwli gva¨‡g `ªe¨ i. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’v 30. eûmsL¨K †µZv-we‡µZvi evRvi‡K Kx e‡j?
µq-weµq ii. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’v K GK‡PwUqv evRvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’v L Wz‡qvcwj evRvi
K i I ii L ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M g‡bvcmwb evRvi
M i I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii N c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi
 31

h‡kvi †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU M) c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU? 10. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq †KvbwU? 20. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR †KvbwU?
K1 L2 M3 N4 K `ª‡e¨i `vg K FY wbqš¿Y
L †fv³vi AvPiY we‡kølY L wiRvf© nvi cwieZ©b
 wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M e¨w³MZ Avq M FY m„wó
P, C
N miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv
MC N RvZxq Avq
AC 21. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb cÖwZôvb 1000 UvKvi †bvU Qvcvq?
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU †_‡K 11 I 12bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K RbZv e¨vsK L evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
15 'X' `ª‡e¨i `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K †e‡o 12 UvKv M †mvbvjx e¨vsK N iƒcvjx e¨vsK
5 AR n‡j 'Y' `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v 12 GKK †_‡K e„w× 22. we‡`wk‡`i Avq AšÍf³ ©y nq †KvbwU‡Z?
MR K GDP L GNP
O 10
Q †c‡q 18 GKK nq|
M NNP N NDP
2. fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vq wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z dvg©wUi †gvU 11. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi 23. TC/Q = KZ?
gybvdv KZ? gvb KZ? K AFC L AVC
K0 L 50 K 5/18 L 2/5 M AC N MC
M 100 N 150 M 5/2 N 18/5 24. `xN©Kv‡j †Kvb ai‡bi e¨q Abycw¯’Z _v‡K?
12. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë `ªe¨ `ywUi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨? K AFC L AVC
3. wPÎ Abyhvqx M AC N MC
K ci¯úi ¯^vaxb
i. dvg©wUi †gvU Avq †iLv g~j we›`yMvgx mij †iLv  wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K 25 I 26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
L cwic~iK
ii. Drcv`K `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i
M Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki
iii. GwU Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii
N cwieZ©K A B
GKwU dvg©
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 13. GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Øviv Kx cÖ`k©b X
O
K i I ii L i I iii
Kiv nq?
25. AB †iLvi Xvj †Kgb?
K GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvc Drcv`b
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K FYvZ¥K L k~b¨
4. †Kvb evRv‡i `yRb †µZv _v‡K? L m¤¢ve¨ m‡e©v”P Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ mswgkÖY M abvZ¥K N Amxg
K g‡bvcwj M cÖ‡qvRbxq Drcv`b DcKi‡Yi mgš^q
26. AB †iLvwU n‡Z cv‡i
L g‡bvcmwb N Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ i. †gvU w¯’i LiP †iLv
M Wz‡qvcwj 14. †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i †hvMvb e„w× cvq KLb? ii. weï× w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v †iLv
N Wz‡qvcmwb K fZ©ywK w`‡j iii. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii Pvwn`v †iLv
L Ki e„w× Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 wb‡Pi DÏxcK †_‡K 5 I 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M `vg evo‡j K i I ii L i I iii
'X' †`‡ki RvZxq Avq g‡Wj :
N Drcv`b DcKi‡Yi `vg evo‡j M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Y=C+I+G
C = 100 + 0.8Y 15. TU m‡e©v”P n‡j MU Kx n‡e? 27. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
I = 100, G = 200 K AR = MR
K FYvZ¥K L k~b¨ L AR > MR
5. 'X' †`‡ki fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq KZ?
M abvZ¥K N me©wb¤œ M TR †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K 500 L 1000
M 2000 N 5000 16. evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †KvbwU? N MR †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
6. DÏxcK Abyhvqx 'X' †`‡k K AMÖYx L †mvbvjx  wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq MYbv Kiv n‡q‡Q M evsjv‡`k e¨vsK N RbZv Q
a
ii. Ave× A_©bxwZ weivRgvb 17. †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? 20
K I=G L C=S
iii. RbMY Zv‡`i Av‡qi ÿz`ª Ask †fv‡Mi TP
M S=I N Xn = X + M
Rb¨ e¨q K‡i 
 wb‡Pi DÏxcK †_‡K 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : (L, K)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? O 4
K i I ii L i I iii
MV = PT 28. a we›`y‡Z Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î APL I MPL Gi
GLv‡b, M = 100, V = 10, T = 20 gvb KZ?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
18. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ `vg¯Íi KZ? K APL = 4, MPL < 0
7. NDP = ?
K 40 L 50 L APL = 5, MPL = 0
K GNINNP M APL = 5, MPL > 0
M 60 N 70
L GNPCCA N APL = 20, MPL = 4
19. DÏxc‡K Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K M Gi
M GNIDC 29. cÖ`Ë wPÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi Drcv`b wb‡`©k K‡i?
N GDPCCA gvb evo‡j K ¯^íKvjxb
8. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU? i. `vg¯Íi evo‡e L µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
K mvgvwRK Kj¨vY ii. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kg‡e M `xN©Kvjxb
L †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv iii. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK w¯’wZkxjZv iÿv‡_© e¨vsK N µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
M gybvdv m‡e©v”PKiY nvi n«vm Ki‡e 30. AR = ?
P
N Drcv`b DcKi‡Yi ivóªxq gvwjKvbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K PQ L
Q
9. Bmjvwg A_©e¨e¯’vq Áv‡bi g~j Drm KqwU? K i I ii L i I iii TR TR
M N
K1 L2 M3 N4 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Q Q
 32

Kzwgjøv †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU K) c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc
œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. †KvbwU e¨wóK A_©‰bwZK PjK? 10. †Kvb e¨‡qi n«vm-e„w×i mv‡_ Drcv`b n«vm-e„w× cvq? 20. wb‡Pi k~b¨ ¯’v‡b †KvbwU em‡e?
K †eKviZ¡ L Dc‡hvM K w¯’i L Mo e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq = ?  Ki
M Ki N gy`ªvùxwZ M cÖvwšÍK N cwieZ©bkxj
K RvZxq Avq L mvgwMÖK Avq
2. Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i †fv³vi  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU n‡Z 11 I 12bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M mvgwMÖK e¨q N e¨w³MZ Avq
i. AvKv•ÿv
g~jab (GKK) †gvU Drcv`b (†KwR) 21. C = 50 + 0.75 Y n‡j cÖvwšÍK mÂq cÖeYZv
ii. Avw_©K mvg_©¨
1 30 (MPS) KZ n‡e?
iii. A_© nv‡Z a‡i ivLvi B”Qvi Dci 2 46 K 0.25 L 0.50 M 0.75 N 1.75
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 3 58 22. wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨qwU Dš§y³ A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?
Ki L ii 4 66
M i I ii N i I iii 5 70 K†fvM e¨q (C)
3. A_©bxwZ‡K Ôm¤ú‡`i weÁvbÕ e‡j AwfwnZ 11. cÂg GKK g~ja‡bi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ GKK? LmiKvwi e¨q (G)
M wbU ißvwb (Xn)
K‡i‡Qb †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`? K4 L8
K A¨vWvg w¯§_ M 12 N 16 N wewb‡qvM e¨q (I)
L wc. G. m¨vgy‡qjmb 12. DÏxc‡K cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi cÖK…wZ †Kgb? 23. †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR?
M †R. Gg. †KBb&m K µgea©gvb L w¯’i K FY wbqš¿Y
N Gj. iweÝ M µgn«vmgvb N FYvZ¥K L AvgvbZ MÖnY
13. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM †Kgb n‡e? M wbKvk Ni
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K m‡e©v”P n‡e N gy`ªvgvb msiÿY
†bnvj Ggb GK †`‡ki bvMwiK †hLv‡b
Drcv`b, †fvM I m¤ú‡`i e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv L e„w× cv‡e 24. †Kvb †bv‡U A_© mwP‡ei ¯^vÿi _v‡K?
M n«vm cv‡e K2 L 10
BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î miKvwi n¯Í‡ÿc †bB| Ab¨w`‡K,
M 20 N 50
Zvi GK we‡`wk eÜy mvM‡i‡fi †`‡k eÈb, N k~b¨ n‡e
25. wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Y A‡_©i †hvMvb †KvbwU?
wewbgq I cwiKíbv BZ¨vw` A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ 14. Mo e¨q (AC) me©wb¤œ Ae¯’vq †KvbwU mwVK? K PT LT M MV NM
miKvi KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ nq| K AC < MC L AC > MC
 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi
4. DÏxcK Abymv‡i †bnv‡ji †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi M AC = MC N AC  MC
15. †Kvb evRviwU g‡bvcmwb evRv‡ii wecixZ DËi `vI :
A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? Y
K abZvwš¿ Ae¯’v wb‡`©k K‡i?
L mgvRZvwš¿K K Awj‡Mvcwj L Wz‡qvcwj AC
M wb‡`©kg~jK M Awj‡Mvcmwb N g‡bvcwj Avq AVC
N wgkÖ 16. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î
AR
5. mvM‡i‡fi †`‡ki †ÿ‡Î i. P = AR = MR n‡e MR
i. ¯^qswµq `vg e¨e¯’v Kvh©Ki ii. P = Pvwn`v X
ii. Drcv`K I †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv †bB
O Drcv`b
iii. P, AR I MR wZbwU †iLvB f‚wg A‡ÿi
iii. kÖwgK ¯^v_© msiwÿZ
26. wPÎwU †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq?
mgvšÍivj n‡e K c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki L ii L Awj‡Mvcwj
K i I ii L i I iii M Wz‡qvcwj
M i I ii N ii I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N GK‡PwUqv
6. wU.wf. †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i?
K iƒcMZ L †mevMZ
17. dv‡g©i fvimv‡g¨i ch©vß kZ© †KvbwU? 27. wP‡Î fvimv‡g¨i Rb¨ Avi †Kvb †iLvwUi cÖ‡qvRb?
d(MC) d(MR) K AC L AFC
M ¯^Z¡MZ N ÁvbMZ K
dQ
=
dQ
M MC N AVC
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : d(MC) d(MR)
L > 28. gy`ªvi cÖ_g I cÖavb KvR †KvbwU?
Pvwn`v A‡cÿK : Qd = 20  3P dQ dQ
d(MC) d(MR) K m‡qi evnb
†hvMvb A‡cÿK : Qs = 5 + 2P M 
dQ dQ L wewbg‡qi evnb
7. DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ `ª‡e¨i cwigvY KZ GKK? d(MC) d(MR)
N < M g~‡j¨i cwigvcK
K3 L5 dQ dQ
M 11 N 15 N F‡Yi wfwË
18. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB?
8. evRvi `vg 5 UvKv avh© n‡j K GK‡PwUqv
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. †hvMv‡bi cwigvY Pvwn`vi cwigvY A‡cÿv wg. eKwk wefvMxq kn‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU e¨vs‡K
L g‡bvcmwb
10 GKK †ewk n‡e e¨w³MZ wnmve Lyj‡Z wM‡q Rvb‡Z cv‡ib D³
M Awj‡Mvcwj
ii. Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi cwigvY A‡cÿv e¨vs‡K e¨w³MZ wnmve †Lvjv hvq bv|
N c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
10 GKK †ewk n‡e 29. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨vsKwU :
iii. †hvMv‡bi cwigvY 15 GKK n‡e 19. GNI wnmve Kivi mgq AšÍf©y³ nq
K evwYwR¨K L we‡klvwqZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡`i Avq
M †K›`ªxq N we‡`wk
K i I ii L i I iii ii. we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ †`kxq‡`i Avq
30. †KvbwU DÏxc‡Ki e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z cÖavb KvR?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`kx‡`i Avq
K AvgvbZ m„wó
9. Pvwn`v mgxKiY 'Qd =   P' †Z  Kx? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L FY `vb
K Xvj L PjK Ki L i I ii
M wewbgq wej evÆvKiY
M aªæeK N civwgwZ M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N †bvU cÖPjb
 33

PÆMÖvg †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU M) c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkcœ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cY¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ GKvwaK 11. 'X' cÖwZôv‡bi mieivnK…Z M¨v‡mi evRv‡ii  DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Drcv`b cÖwZôvb wg‡j MwVZ nq ˆewkó¨ n‡jv †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i `vg hLb 1 UvKv ZLb †µZv H
K cøv›U L wkí i. cwieZ©K `ªe¨ †bB `ª‡e¨i 10 GKK µq K‡ib| `ªe¨wUi `vg 2
M evRvi N dvg© ii. AR = MR UvKv n‡j †µZv 5 GKK `ªe¨ µq K‡ib|
2. †Kvb e¨q Drcv`‡bi cwieZ©bkxj e¨‡qi iii. `v‡gi Dci wbqš¿Y 21. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb KZ?
mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 1
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K k~b¨ L M1 N Amxg
K KviLvbvi fvov 2
L wbivcËv iÿxi †eZb 12. Ab¨vb¨ kZ©vewj AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j `vg¯Í‡ii 22. DÏxc‡Ki `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v †iLvi cÖK…wZ n‡”Q
M we`y¨r e¨env‡ii e¨q wظY e„wׇZ A‡_©i g~j¨ K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx
N m¤úwËi Dci Ki K w¯’i _vK‡e L Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : L wظY n‡e M f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
M AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
wjPzi msL¨v †gvU Dc‡hvM (BDwUj) 23. Drcv`b I Dcv`v‡bi ga¨Kvi KvwiMwi m¤úK©
N A‡a©K n‡e
1 12 †h A‡cÿ‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K Kx
13. †gvU Av‡qi cwieZ©b‡K †gvU Drcv`‡bi
2 21 cwieZ©‡bi gvb w`‡q fvM Ki‡j fvMdj A‡cÿK e‡j?
3 29 K e¨q A‡cÿK L Avq A‡cÿK
wn‡m‡e hv cvIqv hv‡e
4 36 M Drcv`b A‡cÿK N Dc‡hvM A‡cÿK
K cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR)
5 36 24. Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) ci¯úi
L Mo Avq (AR)
6 34 M †gvU ivR¯^
mgvb n‡e hLb
K AC hLb ea©gvb
3. `ª‡e¨i KZ GKK †fv‡Mi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM N `vg¯Íi
L AC hLb n«vmgvb
FYvZ¥K n‡e? 14. M = 400, M = 400
M AC hLb me©wb¤œ
K2 L4 M5 N6 V = 10, V = 10
T = 1000, P = ? N AC hLb m‡e©v”P
4. DÏxcK Abyhvqx K 32 L 16 M8 N4  DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. †gvU Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× cvq 15. †h †iLvi wewfbœ we›`y‡Z wbw`©ó m¤ú` I PjwZ
ii. Mo Dc‡hvM w¯’i _v‡K cÖhyw³ mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU weKí `ª‡e¨i m¤¢ve¨ Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi
`vg (UvKv)
iii. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM µgvš^‡q n«vm cvq mswgkÖY cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (GKK) cwigvY (GKK)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K Pvwn`v †iLv 1 16 8
K i I ii L i I iiir M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 2 12 12
L †hvMvb †iLv
5. M–YMZ FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi †KvbwU? M Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv 3 10 15
K †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ
N mg-Drcv`b †iLv 4 8 20
L bM` Rgvi Abycv‡Zi cwieZ©b
M eÜKx F‡Yi bM`vs‡ki cwieZ©b
16. gvbeRxe‡b †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi ¯^iƒc n‡jv 25. DÏxcKwU‡Z fvimvg¨ cwigvY KZ GKK?
N e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b i. `æ®úÖvc¨Zvi mgm¨v K 16 L 12 M 10 N8
6. A‡_©i µqÿgZv‡K Kx e‡j? ii. wbe© vPb mgm¨v 26. DÏxc‡K Dwjø w LZ KZ UvKv `v‡g evRv‡i NvUwZ
K `vg ¯Íi L A‡_©i g~j¨ iii. †fvM I eÈb mgm¨v †`Lv †`q?
M A‡_©i Pvwn`v N A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K1 L2 M3 N4
7. †h †fvM e¨q Av‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 27. Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©nxb e¨q‡K Kx ejv nq?
K cÖvwšÍK e¨q L †gvU e¨q
K ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM  DÏxcKwU c‡o 17 I 18bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
L Mo †fvMcÖeYZv †gv‡gb mv‡ne A †`‡k emevm K‡ib| †m M w¯’ i e¨q N cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
M cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM †`‡ki Drcv`b m¤ú~Y© e¨w³ gvwjKvbvq 28. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i †Kvb dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ ¯Í‡i
N cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv cwiPvwjZ nq| wZwb B †`‡k G‡m †`L‡Z cvb ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î kZ© n‡”Q
8. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx? i. MR = MC
†mLv‡b Drcv`‡bi Dcvqmg~‡ni Dci mvgvwRK ii. MC Gi Xvj  MR Gi Xvj
K gæbvdv AR©b gvwjKvbv cÖwZwôZ| iii. AC  AR
L gæ`ªv evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ 17. A †`‡k Kx ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v cÖPwjZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M `vg¯Í‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv K wb‡`©kg~jK L c–uwRev`x K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N A_©‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv M wgkÖ N Bmjvwg  wPÎwU †`‡L 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
9. †Kvb evRvi‡K `vg MÖnxZv e‡j? 18. B †`‡ki A_©bxwZi †gŠwjK ˆewkó¨ SMC
K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv LiP (C) SAC
i. ivóªxq gvwjKvbv we`¨gvb Avq
L Awj‡Mvcwj (R)
H
ii. †kÖwY-†kvlY Abycw¯’Z 25 AR = MR
M g‡bvcmwb
iii. e¨w³MZ gybvdvi Dcw¯’wZ 20
G
N evB‡jUvivj g‡bvcwj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 10
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
kvgxg mv‡ne †h GjvKvq emevm K‡ib †mLv‡b O 10 Drcv`Gbi cwigvY (Q)
19. `æwU `ªe¨ ci¯úi cwic~iK n‡j Pvwn`v †iLv n‡e
miKvwifv‡e M„‡n e¨env‡ii Rb¨ M¨vm mieivn 29. DÏxc‡K Drcv`bKvixi gybvdvi cwigvY KZ n‡e?
K Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx
†bB| 'X' bvgK GKwU cÖwZôvb †mLv‡b wmwjÛvi K 250 L 200 M 100 N 50
L Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx
M¨vm mieivn K‡i| 30. SAC †iLv ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡q H we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j
M f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
10. kvgxg mv‡n‡ei GjvKvq M¨v‡mi evRviwU
N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj cvIqv hv‡e
†Kvb ai‡bi?
20. `æB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ wbf© ikxjZvi K m¡vfvweK gybvdv
K GK‡PwUqv
m¤úK©‡K Kx e‡j? L A¯^vfvweK gybvdv
L c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
K A‡f` L †jLwPÎ M †jvKmvb
M W–‡qvcwj
M A‡cÿK N civwgwZ N gæbvdv AcwiewZ©Z
N g‡bvcmwb
 34

wm‡jU †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU M) c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai DbœZ iƒc 11. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K gywó‡gq we‡µZvi evRvi ejv nq? 22. Rbve ÔXÕ †h e¨vs‡K Av‡e`b K‡ib Zvi KvR n‡jv
†`b †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`? K Wz‡qvcwj L Awj‡Mvcwj i. †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb
K M‡mb L jW© †KBÝ M g‡bvcwj N g‡bvcmwb ii. wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y
M gvk©vj N Gj. iweÝ 12. †Kvb evRv‡i cwieZ©K `ªe¨ _v‡K bv? iii. me©‡kl FY`vZv
2. wbK…ó `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z K GK‡PwUqv L Wz‡qvcwj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ M c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N Awj‡Mvcwj K i I ii L ii I iii
L wejvmRvZ `ªe¨ 13. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii ˆewkó¨ n‡jv M i I iii N i, ii I iii
M wM‡db `ªe¨ i. Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨i c„_KxKiY 23. gy`ªvi g~j¨ ev gy`ªvi µqÿgZv Kx‡mi Dci
N †fe‡jb `ªe¨ ii. AR = MR wbf©i K‡i?
iii. gybvdv m‡e©v”PKiY
 wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K `vg¯Íi L e¨vsK
Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M e¨emvqx N Pvwn`v
K i I ii L i I iii
4 K 24. †KvbwUi gva¨‡g e¨vswKs †mev mnRZi n‡q‡Q?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K AbjvBb e¨vswKs
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : L †gvevBj e¨vswKs
weµq (Q) 2 4 6
M K…wl e¨vsK
L †gvU Avq (TR) 20 40 60 N wkí e¨vsK
O 8 X
14. DÏxcKwU †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? 25. A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi g~j KviY †KvbwU?
3. KL †iLvi Xvj KZ? K GK‡PwUqv L g‡bvcmwb K wbe©vPb mgm¨v
1
K0 L
2 M Awj‡Mvcwj N c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L cÖvPzh©Zv
M4 N8 15. DÏxcK Abyhvqx M m¤ú‡`i mxgve×Zv
4. †iLvwU mgvšÍivjfv‡e ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡j i. `vgw¯’i N Amxg Afve
Xv‡ji gvb ii. TR = MR 26. gvby‡li mKj Kg©cÖ‡Póv †Kb cwiPvwjZ nq?
iii. AR = P
K evo‡e L w¯’i _vK‡e K gybvdvi Rb¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M Kg‡e N k~b¨ n‡e L †fv‡Mi Rb¨
K i I ii L i I iii
5. ¯^íKv‡j cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e M Z¨v‡Mi Rb¨
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. fvix hš¿cvwZ N Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨
16. †Kvb Dcv`vbwU Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z Abycw¯’Z?
ii. kÖwgK
K wbU ißvwb L miKvwi e¨q
27. gvby‡li Af¨vmRwbZ Afve n‡”Q
iii. KuvPvgvj i. Pv
M †fvM e¨q N wewb‡qvM e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. cvb
17. m‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU?
K i I ii L i I iii iii. wd«R
K eZ©gv‡bi †fvM
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L AZx‡Zi †fvM
6. wewb‡qvM e„w×i d‡j M fwel¨‡Zi †fvM
K i I ii L i I iii
i. †gvU e¨q ev‡o M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N †fv‡Mi DØ„Ë
ii. Mo e¨q w¯’i _v‡K  DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
18. e¨w³MZ Avq  e¨w³MZ cÖZ¨ÿ Ki = ?
iii. Drcv`b e„w× cvq
K cÖZ¨ÿ Avq L c‡ivÿ e¨q A_©bxwZ wel‡qi GKRb cÖfvlK ej‡jb, Ggb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? GKwU A_©e¨e¯’v Av‡Q †hLv‡b `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
M e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq N Avq‡hvM¨ e¨q
K i I ii L i I iii
19. Òg~ j ab mvgMÖx e„ w× ev bZz b mvR-miÄvg A_©e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv nq| D³
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ˆZwi‡K wewb‡qvM ejv nq|Ó  gšÍ e ¨wU Kvi? A_©e¨e¯’vq †emiKvwi D‡`¨vM‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi MwZkxjZv †bB? nq, Avevi miKvwi wbqš¿Y we`¨gvb|
K f‚wg L kÖg K Aa¨vcK wnK&&m
L Aa¨vcK gvk© v j 28. DÏxcK cÖfvlK †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vi cÖwZ
M g~jab N msMVb
M Aa¨vcK wc¸ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb?
8. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î K abZvwš¿K
N Aa¨vcK cviwKb
†KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
20. mmxg wenxZ gy`ªv †KvbwU? L wgkÖ
K AR = MR nq
K 1,000 UvKv L 50 UvKv M BmjvwgK
L AR  MR nq
M 10 UvKv N 2 UvKv N mgvRZvwš¿K
M AR  MR nq
N AR  MR nq  DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 29. cÖfvlK †h A_©e¨e¯’vi K_v e‡j‡Qb Zvi g‡a¨
Rbve Ô Õ GKRb wewkó wkícwZ| wZwb Zvi †`Lv hvq
 wb‡Pi m~wP n‡Z 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : X
GjvKvq GKwU e¨vsK cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvb| GRb¨ i. e¨w³MZ I ivóªxq gvwjKvbv
kÖg (L) 1 2 3 4
wZwb Ab¨ GKwU e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q wbR bv‡g e¨vsK ii. gy`ªvùxwZ
†gvU Drcv`b (TP) 10 20 30 40 ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ AbygwZ †P‡q Av‡e`b K‡ib| iii. Drcv`b, eÈb I †fv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv
9. DÏxc‡K Mo Drcv`b KZ? 21. Rbve ÔXÕ †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q e¨vsK ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 10 L 15 Av‡e`b K‡ib? K i I ii L i I iii
M 20 N 30 K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
10. †gvU Drcv`b e„w×i nvi L †K›`ªxq e¨vsK 30. wb‡Pi †Kvb cY¨wUi Pvwn`v Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK?
K µgn«vmgvb L µgea©gvb M we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK K †Uwjwfkb L Mvwo
M mgvbycvwZK N FYvZ¥K N AbjvBb e¨vsK M gvQ N jeY
 35

ewikvj †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU K) c~Yg© vb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. c„w_ex‡Z eZ©gvb KZ cÖKvi A_© e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? 10. †KvbwU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q?  wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 20 I 21bs cÖ‡kœi
K2 L3 M4 N5 K ¯’vqx kÖwg‡Ki †eZb DËi `vI :
2. Ô†K›`ªxq cwiKíbvÕ †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vi Ab¨Zg L m¤úwËi Dci cÖ`Ë Ki P, AC, MC, MR, AR
cÖavb ˆewkó¨? M A¯’vqx kÖwg‡Ki gRywi AC
MC
K abZvwš¿K L mgvRZvwš¿K N evwofvov
e
M wgkÖ N Bmjvwg 11. AFC I AVC-Gi mgwó‡K Kx ejv nq? 12 AVC
f
3. A_©bxwZi ÔhgR mgm¨vØqÕ Kx? K AC L TVC M TFC N MC 8
6
P = AR = MR
 g
K `y®úÖvcÖZv I wbe©vPb 12. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Q = f (L, K); GLv‡b K w¯’i) 4
Q
L `ÿZv I wbe©vPb n‡j G‡ÿ‡Î O 20
M `y®úÖvc¨Zv I mxgve×Zv i. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kvh©Ki 20. wP‡Î †gvU e¨q KZ?
N AmxgZv I wbe©vPb ii. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki K 12 L 20
4. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡jv iii. ¯^íKvjxb mgq we‡eP¨ M 160 N 240
i. Pvwn`v ZË¡ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 21. dvg©wU †Kvb Ae¯’vq Drcv`b Ki‡Q?
ii. wb‡qvM ZË¡ i. ¯^íKv‡j
K i I ii L i I iii
iii. †fvM A‡cÿK ZË¡ M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. †jvKmvb Ae¯’vq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 13 I 14bs iii. me©wb¤œ Mo e¨‡q
K i I ii L i I iii cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii
Rwgi cwigvY †gvU Drcv`b
 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 5 I 6bs cÖ‡kœi
kÖg (L) M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(GKi) (TP) (gY)
DËi `vI : 22. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU‡Z †`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk‡`i
1 2 10
Y `ËeÅ
Avq AšÍf©y³ nq?
1 4 30 K GNP L GDP M NNP N NI
A
R 1 6 100 23. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU‡K wewb‡qv‡Mi c~e©kZ© ejv nq?
P 1 8 400 KAvq L e¨q M mÂq N †fvM
M
13. DÏxcK Aby mv‡i 6 Rb kÖ wgK wb‡qvMKv‡j cÖ vwšÍ K 24. wZb LvZwewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z ÔmvgwMÖK e¨qÕ †KvbwU?
X `ËeÅ
O B K C+I+G L C+I+M
Drcv`b (MP) KZ n‡e?
5. hw` mgv‡R ïaygvÎ 'X' `ª‡e¨iB cÖ‡qvRb _v‡K, M C+I+X N C + I + Xn
K 20 L 30 M 70 N 300
Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Ki‡e? 25. e¨vs‡K A_© Rgv ivLvi gva¨‡g Kx m„wó nq?
14. DÏxc‡K †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q?
KA LM MR NB KcÖK…Z AvgvbZ L m„ó AvgvbZ
K µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
6. DÏxc‡K M we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? M c‡ivÿ AvgvbZ N wewnZ gy`ªv
L µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
K Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I ¯^í Drcv`b 26. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR?
M µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
L m¤ú‡`i ¯^íZv I AR©b‡hvM¨ Drcv`b K AvgvbZ MÖnY
N µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
M c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b L AwQi KvR
15. evsjv‡`‡ki ˆZwi †cvkv‡Ki evRvi n‡jv M FY AvgvbZ m„wó
N Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I `ÿ Drcv`b
i. ¯’vbxq evRvi
7. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai c~Y©v½ e¨vL¨v N gy`ªv cÖPjb
ii. RvZxq evRvi
K‡ib †K? 27. A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Dci wbf©i K‡i?
iii. AvšÍRv© wZK evRvi
K Gj. iweÝ L gvk©vj K Avq L my‡`i nvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M wnK&m N G‡jb M mÂq N wewb‡qvM
K i I ii L i I iii
 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 8 I 9bs cÖ‡kœi M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
DËi `vI : 16. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z A‡b‡KB 'X' e¨vs‡K UvKv AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e Rgv
ivL‡jI 'Y' e¨vs‡K Rgv ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| 'Y'
Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi cwigvY i. MR = MC
`vg (P) ii. P > MC e¨vsKwU wbKvkNi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
(Qd) GKK (Qs) GKK
iii. AR > MR 28. 'X' e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
200 160 80 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K evwYwR¨K L †K›`ªxq
400 140 100 K i I ii L i I iii
M we‡klvwqZ N wek¦e¨vsK
600 120 120 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
800 100 140 29. 'Y' e¨vsKwUi KvR n‡jv
17. AmsL¨ †µZv-we‡µZvi evRvi‡K Kx e‡j?
8. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ `vg †KvbwU? i. I‡qR Avb©vi wn‡m‡e
K Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
K 200 L 400 ii. gy`ªv-gvb msiÿY
L c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
M 600 N 800 iii. Avw_©K bxwZ ev¯Íevqb
M ¯’vbxq evRvi
9. DÏxc‡Ki gvbmg~n Øviv Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N ¯^íKvjxb evRvi
Ki‡j †iLvwU K i I ii L i I iii
18. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i f‚wg
i. abvZ¥K Xvjwewkó M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLv †KvbwU?
ii. evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx K Mo Avq (AR L Mo e¨q (AC)
30. †KvbwU ¸YMZ FY wbqš¿ Y c×wZ?
iii. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa †g‡b P‡j M cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) N †gvU Avq (TR) K e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ© b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 19. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRvi †KvbwU? L †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ
K i I ii L i I iii K KuvPv `ya L Avjy M bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M Kvco N avb N F‡Yi †ikwbs
 36

w`bvRcyi †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU N) c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU NNP Gi m~Î?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 12 I 13bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 21. AC †iLv hLb wb¤œMvgx ZLb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K NNP = GNP  CCA iwdK mv‡ne hy³iv‡óª evsjv‡`k `~Zvev‡m Kg©iZ| K AC  MC L AC  MC
L NNP = GNP + CCA M AC = MC N AC  MC
wZwb Rvbvb hy³iv‡óª Drcv`b I †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î
M NNP = C + I + G
mevB Aeva ¯^ v axbZv †fvM K‡i| 22. C N
N NNP = CCA  GNP
2. Av‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj †fvM e¨q‡K Kx e‡j? 12. DÏxc‡K hy³iv‡óª †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’vi K_v
K ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM ejv n‡q‡Q?
K abZvwš¿K L mgvRZvwš¿K
Q
L Mo †fvMcÖeYZv O
M cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM
M wgkÖ N Bmjvwg wP‡Î ON †iLvwU ¯^íKv‡j †Kvb ai‡bi e¨q
13. G ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’vq `ª‡e¨i `vg wba©vwiZ nq †iLv wb‡`©k K‡i?
N cÖvwšÍK †fvMcÖeYZv
i. †K›`ª xq KZ… © c ‡ÿi gva¨‡g K TC L AC M TFC N TVC
3. cÖevmx‡`i Avq wnmve Kiv nq †KvbwU‡Z? 23. wb‡Pi †KvbwU w¯’i e¨‡qi D`vniY?
K GNP L GDP ii. evRvi e¨e¯’ vi gva¨‡g
iii. ¯^qswµqfv‡e K KuvPvgv‡ji e¨q
M NDP N CCA
4. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Kqfv‡e? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L cwienY e¨q
K2 L3 M4 N5 K i I ii L i I iii M KviLvbvi fvov
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N A¯’vqx kÖwg‡Ki gRywi
5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY Kvh©µg wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq
14. wb‡¤œ i †Kvb †iLvwUi Xvj abvZ¥K? 24. Drcv`‡bi GK GKK cwieZ©‡b †gvU e¨‡qi †h
e¨vs‡Ki nvwZqvi¸‡jv n‡jv
K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx cwieZ©b nq †mwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨q?
i. e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b
L Wvb w`‡K DaŸ© M vgx K w¯’i e¨q L Mo e¨q
ii. msiwÿZ Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b
M f‚ wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍ i vj M cÖvwšÍK e¨q N cwieZ©bxq e¨q
iii. †Lvjv evRvi Kvh©µg
N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 25. †Kv‡bv we‡kl GjvKvi g‡a¨ mxgve× `ª‡e¨i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii 15. Pvwn`vwewa Kvh© K i n‡e, hLb evRvi‡K e‡j
i. `vg w¯’i _vK‡e K Af¨šÍixY evRvi L RvZxq evRvi
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. Avq w¯’i _vK‡e M ¯’vbxq evRvi N AvÂwjK evRvi
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 6 I 7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
iii. †µZvi iæwP I Af¨vm w¯’i _vK‡e 26. †Kvb evRv‡i ïaygvÎ Pvwn`vi wfwˇZ `ª‡e¨i
cÖvPxbKv‡j A_© ev gy`ªv Avwe®‹v‡ii c~‡e© gvbyl G‡K `vg DVvbvgv K‡i?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ac‡ii mv‡_ `ª‡e¨i wewbgq KiZ| KviI †Kv‡bv K AwZ ¯^íKvjxb L ¯^íKvjxb
K i I ii L i I iii
wRwb‡mi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †m Zvi wb‡Ri Drcvw`Z M `xN©Kvjxb N AwZ `xN©Kvjxb
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
`ª‡e¨i wewbg‡q A‡b¨i wbKU †_‡K Zv msMÖn KiZ|
 wb‡¤œ i ZvwjKv †_‡K 16 I 17bs cÖ ‡ kœ i DËi `vI : 27. dv‡g©i fvimv‡g¨i kZ© n‡jv
6. DÏxc‡K `ª‡e¨i Giƒc mivmwi wewbgq‡K Kx
†fv‡Mi †gvU cÖvwšÍK i. cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR) = cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC)
ejv nq?
GKK Dc‡hvM Dc‡hvM ii. MR †iLvi Xvj  MC †iLvi Xvj
K Drcv`b wm‡÷g L eÈb wm‡÷g
M cÖvPxb wm‡÷g N evU©vi wm‡÷g 1 GKK 8 8 iii. MR †iLvi Xvj  MC †iLvi Xvj

7. D³ cÖ_vi Amyweav n‡jv 2 GKK 14 ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii
i. `ª‡e¨i AwefvR¨Zv 3 GKK 18 4 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. Afv‡ei AmvgÄm¨Zv 4 GKK 20 2
iii. m‡qi mgm¨v  DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
16. ZvwjKvq 2q GK‡Ki cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KZ? iv‡m‡ji MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk K…lK AvL Pvl K‡i|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 6 GKK L 8 GKK GjvKvi GKgvÎ wPwbK‡j mevB AvL wewµ
K i I ii L i I iii
M 14 GKK N 18 GKK K‡i| †Kv‡bv cÖwZØ›Øx bv _vKvq wPwbKjwU
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
17. DwjøwLZ ZvwjKvq B”Qvg‡Zv `vg wba©viY K‡i| G‡Z †ewkifvM
8. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR?
i. †gvU Dc‡hvM µgea©gvb nv‡i †e‡o‡Q mgqB K…lKiv ÿwZMÖ¯Í nb|
K FY wbqš¿Y
ii. †gvU Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb nv‡i †e‡o‡Q 28. iv‡m‡ji GjvKvi wPwbKjwU †Kvb evRvi‡K
L gy`ªvevRvi cwiPvjbv
iii. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q wb‡`©k K‡i?
M wbixÿY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K g‡bvcwjw÷K
N AvgvbZ msMÖn
K i I ii L i I iii L Wz‡qvcwj
9. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq Drcv`‡bi g~j jÿ¨ Kx? M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M g‡bvcmwb
K mylg Dbœqb
18. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î `vg A‡cÿv N evB‡jUvivj g‡bvcwj
L mvgvwRK wbivcËv
Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b Kx nv‡i N‡U?
M m‡e©v”P gybvdv AR©b 29. Aby‡”Q` Øviv wb‡`©wkZ evRv‡ii ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
K AwaK L Kg
N Pvwn`vi Dci wbqš¿Y i. GKRb †µZv
M mgvb N k~b¨
10. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Dci¯’ †Kvb we›`y Kx 19. `ª‡e¨i wbR¯^ `vg e„wׇZ Pvwn`v K‡g hvIqv‡K ii. we‡µZv eûmsL¨K
wb‡`©k K‡i? iii. c„_KxK…Z `ªe¨
e‡j Pvwn`vi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K ¯^í Drcv`b
K ms‡KvPb L cÖmviY
L Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I †eKviZ¡ K i I ii L i I iii
M n«vm N e„w×
M c~Y© wb‡qvM M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
20. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai cÖe³v †K? 30. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N A-AR©b‡hvM¨Zv K †WweW wiKv‡W©v
K GNP = C + I + G + (M  X)
11. A_©bxwZ‡Z `y®úÖvc¨Zvi weÁvb e‡j‡Qb †K? L Avj‡d«W gvk©vj L GNP = C + I + G + (X  M)
K GWvg w¯§_ L Aa¨vcK gvk©vj M G KU‡mvqvwmb M GNP = C + I + G  (X  M)
M A_©bxwZwe` wc¸ N Gj iweÝ N Gj iweÝ N GNP = C + I + G + (X + M)
 37

gqgbwmsn †evW© 2022

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv (†mU M) c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg
Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkc œ ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i TR †iLvi 11. Pvwn`v wewai R¨vwgwZK cÖKvk‡K Kx e‡j? 22. †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`‡bi
AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e? K Pvwn`v m~wP L Pvwn`v A‡cÿK Rb¨ †h AwZwi³ e¨q nq, Zv‡K e‡j
K evg †_‡K Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx M Pvwn`v †iLv N Pvwn`v mgxKiY K †gvU e¨q
L evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx 12. Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb hv Drcv`b Kv‡h© L Mo e¨q
M f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj e¨en„Z nq, Zv‡K Kx e‡j? M cÖvwšÍK e¨q
N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K f‚wg L kÖg N cwieZ©bxq e¨q
2. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ evRvi‡K Kqfv‡M fvM M g~jab N msMVb 23. GNP-Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
Kiv hvq? 13. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU? K Gross New Product
K2 L3 M4 N5 K1 L2 M3 N4 L Gross Net Product
3. kvK-mewRi evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi? M Gross National Product
 wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi N Gross Nominal Product
K AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRvi DËi `vI :
L ¯^íKvjxb evRvi
 wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges 24 I 25bs cÖ‡kœi
P = `vg DËi `vI :
M AwZ `xN©Kvjxb evRvi D S1
N `xN©Kvjxb evRvi 33 = P3
S T Rwgi kÖ‡gi †gvU cÖvwšÍK
 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : F cwigvY cwigvY Drcv`b Drcv`b
22 = P2
MC AC 5 GKK 2 GKK 12 GKK 12 GKK
Y C
11 = P1 D 5 GKK 3 GKK 20 GKK ?
S D1
5 GKK 4 GKK ? 6 GKK
Avq, eÅq, `vg

M S X
O 6 12 18 24
49
T 24. Lvwj N‡i (?) †gvU Drcv`b I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
P = AR = MR Pvwn`v/ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY
47 W n‡e h_vµ‡g
14. wP‡Î fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY KZ?
X K 34,9 L 24,6
O 131 Drcv`Gbi cwigvY K 0,6 L 11,22
M 15,10 N 26,8
M 22,18 N 33,24
4. DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU? 25. DcwiD³ DÏxc‡K
KM LS MT NW 15. 11 UvKv `v‡g D we›`y‡Z `ª‡e¨i Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
i. †gvU Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o
5. wP‡Î AC †iLv `vg †iLvi wb‡P ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡j K fvimvg¨ cwigvY
ii. Mo Drcv`b me©`vB w¯’i _v‡K
dvg© AR©b Ki‡e L AwZwi³ †hvMvb
iii. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nq
i. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv M AwZwi³ Pvwn`v
N k~ b ¨ Pvwn`v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. A¯^vfvweK gybvdv K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. Mo e¨‡qi Zzjbvq Mo Avq AwaK 16. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v †Kvb ai‡bi?
K abZvwš¿K L mgvRZvwš¿K
26. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR Kx?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K †`‡k e¨vsK e¨e¯’v wbqš¿Y
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M wgkÖ N Bmjvwg
L wkí cÖwZôvb‡K `xN©‡gqvw` FY`vb
6. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z †evSvq 17. ÒA_© b xwZ n‡jv m¤ú‡`i weÁvbÓ †K e‡j‡Qb?
M †`‡ki e¨emvq evwY‡R¨ mnvqZv
K Avj‡d«W gvk©vj L A¨vWvg w¯§_
i. GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb N †bvU Qvcv‡bv
M Gj. iweÝ N Kvj© gvK©m
ii. GKwU wbw`©ó cY¨ 27. GKwU †`‡ki e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi AwffveK n‡jv
iii. †µZv I we‡µZvi `iKlvKwli gva¨‡g
18. A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi cÖavb KviY †KvbwU?
K mxwgZ Drcv`b L mxwgZ m¤ú` K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L K…wl e¨vsK
`ªe¨ µq-weµq M Dbœqb e¨vsK N †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
M mwVK wbe©vPb N m¤ú‡`i ch©vßZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 28. GDP †Z AšÍ f³© y n‡e
K i I ii L ii I iii  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. f‚L‡Ð Ae¯’vbiZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i Avq
M i I iii N i, ii I iii Y `ËeÅ
ii. †`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk bvMwiK‡`i Avq
7. S =  50 + (1  0.5) Y; mÂq mgxKi†Y Y = S iii. we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i Avq
100 n‡j m‡qi cwigvY KZ? 10
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K  50 L 0 M 50 N 100 8
6 K i I ii L ii I iii
8. m¤úK©nxb `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo 4 M i I iii N i, ii I iii
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb n‡e 2
T  DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K X `ËeÅ
O 7 14 21 wg. X e¨emvwqK Kvi‡Y e¨vs‡K GKwU wnmve
M k~b¨ N Amxg
19. Y-`ª‡e¨i Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j X-`ª‡e¨i Drcv`‡bi Pvjy K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb †h AvgvbZ Rgv K‡ib
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cwigvY KZ? Zv †_‡K hLb B”Qv Ges hZ UvKv cÖ‡qvRb
m¤úÖwZ B †`‡k fwel¨‡Z `vg e„w×i m¤¢vebv K0 L7 M 14 N 21 †jb‡`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
_vKvq eZ©gv‡b Avjyi `vg cÖwZ †KwR 10 UvKv 20. wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq 29. DÏxc‡K †Kvb Avgvb‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
†_‡K e„w× †c‡q 15 UvKv n‡jI Avjyi Pvwn`v 2 i. `ywU `ª‡e¨i wewfbœ mswgkÖY K mÂqx AvgvbZ L ¯’vqx AvgvbZ
†KwR †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 5 †KwR nq| ii. my‡hvM e¨q M PjwZ AvgvbZ N †gqvw` AvgvbZ
9. DÏxcK Abymv‡i Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi iii. Pvwn`v wewa 30. D³ Avgvb‡Zi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. AvgvbZKvix‡K wbw`©ó †gqv‡` AvgvbZ
K Ed = 2 L Ed = 3 K i I ii L i I iii ivL‡Z nq
M Ed = 4 N Ed = 5 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. AvgvbZKvix my` cvq bv
10. Avjyi †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv n‡e 21. wb‡¤œi †Kvb `yBwU cwieZ©K `ªe¨? iii. AvgvbZKvixi wnmve n‡Z mvwf©m PvR©
K Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx K Pv I wPwb †bIqv nq
L Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx L Kvwj I Kjg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj M Mvwo I †c‡Uªvj K i I ii L i I iii
N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N Pv I Kwd M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 38

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mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1 mswgkÖY avb (KzB›Uvj) Mg (KzB›Uvj) K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 1
A 0 75 L. Mo w¯’i e¨‡qi cwigvY wK k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
B 25 70 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Rbve Avãyj Kwig wgqvi K…wl Lvgv‡ii Mo
C 50 50 Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
D 70 25 N. Rbve Avãyj Kwig wgqvi K…wl Lvgv‡i Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK
E 75 0 Drcv`b wewawU Kvh©Ki wKbv wPÎmn gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
K. mvgwóK A_©bxwZ Kx? 1 7 wb‡¤œi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
AC
L. Ò`y®úªvc¨Zvi Kvi‡Y wbe©vPb mgm¨vi m„wó nqÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 MC

M. cÖ`Ë DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 20 E AVC

Avq/e¨q/`vg
N. ÒDÏxcK n‡Z cÖvß Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi evwn‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv 15 F
AR = MR
we›`y‡Z Drcv`b wK m¤¢e bq?Ó KviYmn mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 10 G
2 X `ª‡e¨i `vg hLb 2 UvKv Pvwn`vi cwigvY 30 GKK| `vg †e‡o 4, 6, 8, 10,
12 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY nq h_vµ‡g 25, 20, 15, 10 Ges 5 GKK| O 5 10 Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
K. Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kx? 1 K. evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. Pv‡qi `vg evo‡j wPwbi Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b Kxfv‡e nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. Mo Avq †iLv wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ m~wP n‡Z Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki I e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ Abymv‡i dv‡g©i gybvdv/ÿwZ wbY©q Ki| 3
N. `ª‡e¨i `vg w¯’i †_‡K †fv³vi Avq evo‡j Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b wP‡Îi
N. AC †iLv F I G we›`yi ga¨ w`‡q Mgb Ki‡j dvg©wU ¯^íKv‡j
mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
3 evRv‡i cÖwZ †KwR Av‡gi `vg hLb 100 UvKv ZLb Pvwn`vi cwigvY wQj 15 Drcv`b Pvwj‡q hv‡e wK bv? wPÎ Gu‡K gZvgZ `vI| 4
†KwR| GKB mg‡q cÖwZ WRb Kjvi `vg 90 UvKv Ges Pvwn`v 20 WRb 8 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
P, C, R
wQj| Av‡gi `vg K‡g cÖwZ †KwR 70 UvKv n‡jv Ges Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡q 30 MC
†KwR n‡jv| Kjvi `v‡gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡jv bv A_P Pvwn`v K‡g 15 AC
E
WRb n‡jv| P0 AR = MR
P1
K. †hvMvb Kv‡K e‡j? 1 F

L. †Kvb A‡cÿ‡K GKvwaK Aaxb PjK _vK‡Z cv‡i bv hyw³mn Q

e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 O Q0

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Av‡gi Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 3 K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
N. Av‡gi `vg I Kjvi Pvwn`vi m¤úK© Zywg Kxfv‡e w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gva¨‡g L. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg©‡K Ô`vg m„wóKvixÕ ejv nq? †Kb? 2
e¨vL¨v Ki‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4 M. DÏxcK †_‡K dv‡g©i †gvU Avq, †gvU e¨q Ges gybvdvi cwigvY
4 Pvwn`v A‡cÿK (Qd) = 100-10P wbY©q Ki| 3
†hvMvb A‡cÿK (Qs) = – 8 + 2P N. DÏxc‡Ki AC †iLv E we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j dv‡g©i gybvdvi Kx
†hLv‡b Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Qs= †hvMv‡bi cwigvY Ges P= `vg cwieZ©b NU‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. †iLvi Xvj Kx? 1
9  GKwU wZb LvZwewkó A_©bxwZi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc: C = 100 + 0.85Y, I = 350, G = 850
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kxiƒc nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 K. NNI-Gi myÎwU †jL| 1
N. `vg 8 UvKv n‡j evRv‡i Kx cÖfve co‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K L. GNI Ges GDP-Gi g‡a¨ †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
5 Drcv`b (Q) †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q (TVC) N. miKvwi e¨q 450 UvKv e„w× Kiv n‡j fvimvg¨ Av‡qi Ici Kx
1 40 cÖfve co‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
2 100 10  ÒVKvVwKi w`b †kl| GLb †eZb cvB †gvevBj †dv‡b| evc-gv‡i MÖv‡g
3 140 UvKv cvVvB †gvevBj †dv‡b| cvBqvI hvq hLb-ZLb| †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq
4 300 bv| w`b e`jvB‡Q|Ó
5 500
K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kx? 1
6 750
7 950 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK me e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK| e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
†gvU w¯’i e¨q TFC = 100 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ welqwU †Kvb e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i?
K. cÖvwšÍK Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1 e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 N. DwjøwLZ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg Ab¨vb¨ e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡gi †P‡q A‡bK
M. DÏxcK †_‡K AC †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 †ewk myweavRbK| we‡kølY K‡i gšÍe¨ †jL| 4
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ AC I MC-Gi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki Ges wP‡Î †`LvI| 4 11  2005 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k 1 †KwR Avjyi `vg wQj 15 UvKv| eZ©gv‡b 1 †KwR
6 Rbve Avãyj Kwig wgqvi K…wl Lvgv‡i Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY I Kjv‡KŠki w¯’i Avjyi `vg 45 UvKv| Giƒc mKj `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ e„w× cvIqvq evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
†i‡L ïaygvÎ kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM e„w× Kivi Kvi‡Y †gvU Drcv`b e„w×i cwigvY e¨vsKnvi e„w×, †Lvjv evRv‡i FYcÎ wewµ Ges bM` Rgvi nvi evwo‡q †`q|
wb‡¤œi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv : GQvov F‡Yi †ikwbs I eÜKx F‡Yi bM`vsk cwieZ©b K‡i | GKBfv‡e
kÖg wb‡qvM †gvU Drcv`b evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jviI G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgvb‡Zi Ici ˆea wiRvf© AbycvZ
1 Rb 200 gY 17% †_‡K 20% G DbœxZ K‡i|
2 Rb 350 gY K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
3 Rb 450 gY L. gy`ªvi †jb‡`b RwbZ Pvwn`v A‡_©i Pvwn`v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i?
4 Rb 500 gY eywS‡q †jL| 2
5 Rb 520 gY M. DÏxcK †_‡K FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki| 3
6 Rb 520 gY N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ welqvewj A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Ici Kxfv‡e cÖfve †d‡j Zv
7 Rb 480 gY e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 40

exi‡kÖô gyÝx Avãyi iDd cvewjK K‡jR, XvKv

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  Kvgvj †h †`‡k evm K‡i †m †`‡k D‡`¨v³viv †h‡Kv‡bv `ªe¨ 7  K
AC
L
†h‡Kv‡bv cwigv‡Y Drcv`‡bi ¯^vaxbZv †fvM K‡i| †fv³vivI P P = AR = MR
E
†h‡Kv‡bv `ªe¨ †h‡Kv‡bv cwigv‡Y †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e mevB
O Q
Q
miKvi‡K Ki †`q| evRv‡i `vge¨e¯’v cÖPwjZ| Ab¨w`‡K Rvgvj †h
K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
†`‡k evm K‡i †m †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi wPÎ m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| miKvi
L. g‡bvcwj I g‡bvcmwb evRv‡ii cv_©K¨ Kx? 2
me wbqš¿Y K‡i|
M. DÏxcK n‡Z TR, TC I gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3
K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? 1
N. AC †iLv E we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j Drcv`bKvixi gybvdvq Kx
L. wbe©vPb mgm¨v n‡Z Kx mgm¨v ˆZwi nq? 2
cwieZ©b n‡e? 4
M. Kvgv‡ji †`‡k Kx ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v cÖPwjZ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
8  †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K 2015 mv‡j 20,000 UvKvi GKwU AvgvbZ †Lvjv
N. ÔRvgv‡ji †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi wPÎ m¤ú~Y© wecixZÕ  Dw³wU n‡qwQj| D³ AvgvbZ n‡Z e¨vsKwU FY `v‡bi gva¨‡g eû¸Y FY
†Kvb A_© e¨e¯’vi Bw½Z K‡i Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 AvgvbZ ˆZwi K‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wiRvf© nvi 10%|
2  Q = 20  3P K. wewnZ g~`ªv Kx? 1
K. Xvj Kx? 1 L. †gvevBj e¨vswKs, e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. †hvMv‡bi wba©viK Kx Kx? 2 M. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki FY m„wói cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK n‡Z †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki? 3 N. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK hw` wiR©vf nvi evwo‡q 20% K‡i Z‡e FY
N. †Q`K hw` 12 n‡Zv Z‡e †jLwP‡Î Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 m„wó‡Z Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? 4
3  wb‡P GKwU dv‡g©i †gvU e¨‡qi Z_¨ †`Iqv Av‡Q 9 K-evRvi L-evRvi
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY †gvU e¨q P=AR PMR
K. Drcv`b wewa Kx? 1
1 16
L. AC †iLv U AvK…wZi †Kb nq? 2
2 24
M. K evRv‡i TR, AR I MR Kxi~c GKwU KvíwbK m~wP| wPÎ
3 36
Øviv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
4 60
N. K I L evRv‡ii TR, AR I MR-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki| 4
w¯’i e¨q 10
10  GKwU 5 KvVv Rwg‡Z Drcv`b I e¨‡qi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1
L. Mo Avq †Kb `v‡gi mgvb nq? 2 kÖg †gvU Drcv`b
M. DÏxcK n‡Z Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) wbY©q Ki| 3 1 20
N. Mo e¨q †iLv A¼b K‡i †iLvwUi Dci gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 2 38
4 P Q 3 53
2 16 4 63
4 12 5 70
K. †fe‡jb `ªe¨ Kx? 1 K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv me©`v abvZ¥K e¨vL¨v Ki| L. cwieZ©bkxj e¨‡qi D`vniY `vI| 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb wewa? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q Ki| N. wewawU KLb Kvh©Ki nq bv| 4
5  GKwU RvZxq Avq g‡Wj wb¤œiƒc 11  gvmy` K‡j‡Ri †eZb w`‡Z cv‡i bvB| Zvi Kv‡Q UvKv †bB| Zvi
1 = 30, S =  50 + 0.8 Y evev Rvb‡Z †c‡i GKwU †`vKvb †_‡K †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g iv‡Zi
K. n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv Kx? †ejv‡Z UvKv cvwV‡q w`‡jv| gvmy` c‡ii w`b GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb
L. GNP I GDP-Gi cv_©K¨ Kx? n‡Z Zvi K‡j‡Ri †eZb Rgv Ki‡jv| cÖwZôvbwU AvgvbZ msMÖ‡n
M. DÏxcK n‡Z mÂq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 †ewk g‡bv‡hvMx|
N. fvimvg¨ RvwZq Avq wbY©q Ki| 4 K. A‡_©i Pvwn`v Kx? 1
6  C = 150 + 0.6 Y L. A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n Kx Kx? 2
K. e¨vq‡hvM¨ Avq Kx? 1 M. gvmy‡`i evev Kx e¨vswKs-Gi mvnv‡h¨ UvKv cvwV‡q‡Q Zvi
L. ˆØZ Mbbv mgm¨v Kxfv‡e cwinvi Kiv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 ¸iæZ¡ Kx? 3
M. †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. gvmy` †h cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g †eZb w`j Zvi Kvh©vewj
N. ¯^q¤¢‚ I cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM wP‡Î †`LvI| 4 Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
 41

miKvwi gvB‡Kj gaym~`b K‡jR, h‡kvi

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  wbw`©ó m¤ú‡`i Aax‡b GKRb Drcv`‡Ki 'X' I 'Y' `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi 6  Avnmvb mv‡ne GKwU d¨vkb nvD‡mi gvwjK| cÖwZeQi G e¨emvq †_‡K
wewfbœ mswgkÖY wb‡Pi ZvwjKvq †`Iqv n‡jv wZwb cÖPzi gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| Zvi G mdjZv †`‡L Zvi eÜy Gi
inm¨ Rvb‡Z Pvb| wZwb e‡jb, G e¨emvq mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
'X' `ªe¨ 'Y' `ªe¨
n‡j †µZv‡`i Pvwn`vi cÖwZ jÿ †i‡L `vg wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| KviY
0 600 `vg †ewk n‡j †µZv‡`i Pvwn`v n«vm cvq| wZwb †µZvi iæwP I Af¨vm,
100 500 cQ›` I AcQ›` BZ¨vw` welqI we‡ePbvi K_v e‡jb|
200 300 K. †hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kx? 1
300 0 L. Avq w¯’ w Z¯’ v cKZv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avnmvb mv‡ne KZ©„K DwjøwLZ welq¸‡jv Øviv
K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kx? 1 MwVZ Pvwn`v A‡cÿK e¨vL¨v K i| 3
L. A_©bxwZ‡Z mKj Afve GK mv‡_ c~iY Kiv m¤¢e nq bv †Kb? 2 N. D³ Pvwn`v A‡cÿ‡Ki ˆewk󨸇jv we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 7  †`Iqv Av‡Q, `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v mgxKiY, Qx = 16  2Px.
N. (X = 100, Y = 400) mswgkÖYwU Drcv`b Kiv †hŠw³K n‡e K. evRvi fvimvg¨ Kx? 1
wKbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. Rxeb iÿvKvix Ilya µ‡qi †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v wewa †Kb Kvh©Ki n‡e bv? 2
2  †mv‡nj 'X' †`‡ki evwm›`v| †mv‡nj wb‡R Ges †`‡ki wb‡qvMcÖvß mKj M. DÏxcK n‡Z 'X' `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v m~wP ˆZwi Ki| 3
gvbyl miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ| †mv‡nj 'Y' †`‡k åg‡Y wM‡q N. DÏxc‡K hw` 'X' `ª‡e¨i cÖv_wgK `vg 5 UvKv n‡Z e„w× †c‡q 7 UvKv
A‡bK mdj e¨emvqx‡K †`‡L wb‡R †m †`‡k e¨emvq ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ nq, Z‡e Pvwn`v wbY©qc~e©K `ªe¨wUi cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
gbw¯’i Ki‡jb| †mv‡nj AviI Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb 'Y' †`‡k mKj cÖKvi 8  gvgyb mv‡ne GKwU †emiKvwi ms¯’vq PvKwi K‡ib Ges evev-gv, †Q‡j-
A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ evRv‡ii Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| wZwb †g‡qmn A‡bKUv K‡óB msmvi cwiPvjbv K‡ib| evmvi †iwd«RviwU bó
'Y' †`‡k AÆvwjKvi cv‡k ew¯Í †`‡L AevK n‡jb| nIqv‡Z Zvi GK eÜyi Kv‡Q UvKv avi PvB‡jb| Zvi eÜy Zv‡K GKwU
K. D‡`¨v³v Kv‡K e‡j? 1 e¨vs‡K wb‡q †M‡jb Ges e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡q †iwd«Rv‡iUi µq
L. m¤ú‡`i ¯^íZv †_‡KB wbe©vPb mgm¨vwU D™¢‚Z e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 Ki‡jb| e¨vsK Kg©KZ©vi gva¨‡g wZwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h, G e¨vsK
M. †mv‡n‡ji †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 RbM‡Yi mgq Rgv iv‡L| †QvULvU e¨emvq Ki‡Z e¨w³MZ Rvwg‡bi
N. 'Y' †`‡k gybvdv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ abx-Mwie ˆelg¨ ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î wecix‡Z FY cÖ`vb K‡i| GQvovI G ai‡bi e¨vsK mgvR‡mevi †ÿ‡Î
Kx f‚wgKv iv‡L? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 bvbvwea Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i| gvgyb mv‡n‡ei Rb¨ eÜy dqmvj †h e¨vs‡K
3  Avwm‡di GKwU `ª‡e¨i Rb¨ Dc‡hvM m~wP wb¤œiƒc PvKwi K‡ib †m e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©evRvi wbqš¿Y, ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq
`ª‡e¨i GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM wbqš¿Y, gy`ªv cÖPjb cÖK…wZ KvR K‡i _v‡K|
K. gy`ªvi g~j¨ Kx? 1
1 50 L. bM` Rgvi AbycvZ Kxfv‡e gy`ªvi mieivn‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i? 2
2 55 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †h e¨vsK †_‡K gvgyb mv‡ne FY wb‡q‡Qb
3 59 †mB e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb wZbwU Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
4 57 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gvgyb mv‡ne I dqmvj mv‡ne †h `y‡Uv e¨vs‡Ki
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †mB `y‡Uv e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM n‡”Q cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 9  A‡_©i †hvMvb I `vg¯Íi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡Pi Q‡K †`Iqv n‡jv
M. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM m~wP ˆZwi K‡i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM A‡_©i †hvMvb `vg¯Íi
†iLv A¼b Ki| 3 100 5
N. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi cÖvwšÍK Dcv‡hvM wewa ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 4 200 10
4  eZ©gvb wek¦evRv‡i †h K‡qKwU †gvevBj †Kv¤úvwb AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi 300 15
K‡i‡Q AvB‡dvb Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg| RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v I iæwPi mv‡_
mvgÄm¨ †i‡L †Kv¤úvwbwU bZzb bZzb g‡W‡ji †gvevBj ˆZwi Ki‡Q| K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
m¤úÖwZ †Kv¤úvwbwU 14 I 15 g‡W‡ji `ywU †dvb evRv‡i G‡b‡Q| L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j ejv nq †Kb? 2
D³ g‡W‡ji 5,00,000 †gvevBj ˆZwi K‡i †Kv¤úvwbwU wbw`©ó M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi I A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK©
mg‡q GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g 4,00,000 †gvevBj wewµ K‡i| wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j? 1 N. A‡_©i †hvMvb 100 †KvwU UvKv n‡Z 200 †KvwU UvKvq e„w×
L. Pvwn`v wewa ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 †c‡j A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡K AvB‡dvb †Kv¤úvwbi 4,00,000 †gvevBj weµ‡qi 10  2022 mv‡j wg. ÔLÕ evmv e¨env‡ii Rb¨ 2 nvRvi UvKv, SzuwKi Rb¨
welqwU A_©‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 1 nvRvi UvKv, iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ 5k UvKv w`‡Zb| 2023 mv‡j
N. D³ welqwUi mv‡_ gRy‡`i m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki| 4 evmvwUi cv‡k GKwU KviLvbv ¯’vcb n‡j evmvi gvwjK‡K fvov
5  iwng Avjx cÖ_g eQi Zvi wb‡Ri GK GKi Rwg‡Z GKRb kÖwgK eve` AviI 2 nvRvi UvKv †ewk w`‡Z nq|
wb‡qvM K‡i 50 †KwR avb Drcv`b K‡ib| AwaK Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ K. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kx? 1
wZwb kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z AwaK kÖg wb‡qvM K‡i †h L. f~wgi †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
Drcv`b cvb Zv wb‡Pi mviwY‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡jv cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU LvRbv I A_©‰bwZK LvRbv wbY©q Ki| 3
(UvKvq) av‡bi †gvU Drcv`b av‡bi Drcv`b g~j¨ N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wbg LvRbv I †gvU LvRbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
11  wb‡Pi †Uwe‡j mvgwMÖK Avq (Y), †gvU mÂq (S) I †gvU wewb‡qvM
kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v (cÖ av‡bi †gvU Drcv`b av‡bi Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (I)-Gi Z_¨ †`Iqv n‡jv
wZ †KwR 20 UvKv) g~j¨ (UvKvq) (UvKvq)
1 50 1000 1000 mvgwMÖK Avq (Y) †gvU mÂq (Y) †gvU wewb‡qvM (I)
†KvwU UvKvq †KvwU UvKvq †KvwU UvKvq
2 100 - - 300 80 130
3 130 - - 400 130 130
4 150 - - 600 230 130
K. †gvU Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. mvgwMÖK e¨q Kx? 1
L. e¨w³MZ e¨q ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 L. cÖevmx‡`i Avq GDP-†Z AšÍf³ ©y nq bv †Kb? 2
M. Dc‡ii QKwU c~iY K‡i Gi g~j aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 M. DÏxcK n‡Z mÂq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. mviwY‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ welqwU evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡ÿ‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨ N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨vbyhvqx, mÂq I wewb‡qvM we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
gZvgZ `vI| 4 fvimvg¨ I RvZxq e¨q wba©viY m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
 42

miKvwi cÖdzjø P›`ª K‡jR, ev‡MinvU

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  A GKwU m¤¢vebvgq †`k| †mLv‡b wkí I †mev Lv‡Z wKQy wKQy 6  GKwU evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv-we‡µZv GKwU mgRvZxq cY¨ GKwU
†ÿ‡Î miKvwi cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y we`¨gvb| †hgb cÖwZiÿv, wbw`©ó `v‡g µq-weµq m¤úbœ K‡i| D³ evRv‡i P = AR = 100
cÖkvmb, †hvMv‡hvM, WvK I we`y¨r BZ¨vw`| wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z UvKv, AC = 80 UvKv Ges Drcv`‡bi cwigvY 12 GKK|
e¨‡qi GKUv eo Ask miKvi K‡i _v‡Kb| cvkvcvwk cÖvq K. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kx? 1
me‡ÿ‡ÎB e¨w³MZ D‡`¨vM‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| L. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg© I wkí msL¨v Awfbœ? 2
K. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v Kx? 1 M. DÏxcK n‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
L. e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ dv‡g©i Ô¯^vfvweK gybvdvÕ Ae¯’v wPÎmn
M. A †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi cÖK…wZ wbiƒcY Ki| 3 e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
N. A †`‡k we`¨gvb A_©e¨e¯’v RbKj¨v‡Y h‡_ó f‚wgKv ivL‡Q 7  GKwU †`‡k mÂq mgxKiY S =  50 + 0.5Y Ges I = 200| D³
e‡j wK Zzwg g‡b Ki? e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 †`‡k ˆe‡`wkK wewb‡qvM n«vm cvIqvq I = 100 nq|
2 Good Y
A
K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Kx? 1
B E L. ¯^q¤¢‚Z I cÖ‡ivwPZ †fv‡Mi cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2
D M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY© q Ki| 3
C
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †`‡k wewb‡qvM n«vm cvIqvq fvimvg¨ RvZxq
F
Good X Avq I †fvM¯Í‡i Kxiƒc cÖfve c‡o wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. Afve wbe©vPb Kx? 1 8  GKwU †`‡k Drcvw`Z 3wU `ª‡e¨i cwigvY I GKK cÖwZ evRvi `vg
L. ÿz`ª ÿz`ª ev GKK A_©bxwZi aviYv `vI| 2 h_vµ‡g ÔKÕ `ªe¨ 5 gY, 6,000 UvKv, ÔLÕ `ªe¨ 2 gY 12000 UvKv
M. wPÎwU †gŠj A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi †Kvb Ae¯’v‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? 3 Ges ÔMÕ `ªe¨ 20 gY 1,000 UvKv| D³ †`‡k RbM‡Yi wewb‡qvM
N. wP‡Îi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 10,000 UvKv Ges miKvwi e¨q 10,000 UvKv|
3  wb‡¤œi GKRb †fv³vi GKwU Dc‡hvM m~wP †`Iqv n‡jv K. mvgwMÖK e¨q Kx? 1
`ª‡e¨i cÖ_g wØZxq Z„Zxq PZz_© cÂg lô L. †Kvb Ae¯’vq wRwWwc I wRGbwc mgvb nq? 2
GKK GKK GKK GKK GKK GKK GKK M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
†gvU 10 18 22 24 24 22 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †`‡k †fv‡Mi cwigvY 50,000 UvKv n‡j
Dc‡hvM GKK GKK GKK GKK GKK GKK RvZxq Av‡q Kxiƒc cÖfve c‡o? 4
K. †hvMvb wewa Kx? 1 9  MV = PT ........ (i) (hw` A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ I evwY‡R¨i cwigvY w¯’i
L. Pvwn`v wewa wK me©`v Kvh©Ki nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 1
_v‡K) Ges VM = P ........ (ii) nq| (M = Money Supply, V =
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
Velocity of Money, Vm = Value of Money, P = Price Level )
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
4  GKwU evRv‡i †hvMvb mgxKiY Qs =  130 + 20p Ges Pvwn`v
L. †gvevBj e¨vswKs I AbjvBb e¨vswKs-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2
mgxKiY Qd = 420  30p; miKvi Ki Av‡ivc Kivq D³ evRv‡i
M. (i) I (ii) Ae¯’v wP‡Î †`LvI| 3
cwiewZ©Z †hvMvb mgxKiY Qs =  230 + 20p nq|
N. DwjøwLZ mgxKiY m¤úwK©Z ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. aªæeK Kx? 1
10  GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ 1,00,000 UvKv Ges
L. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj Kxiƒc nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 wiRvf© AbycvZ 10%|
N. cwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq evRv‡i fvimvg¨ Kxiƒ‡c cÖfvweZ n‡e? K. A‡_©i †jb‡`b Pvwn`v Kx? 1
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. wbKvk Ni Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ e¨vs‡Ki m„ó FY Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY KZ? 3
5  g~jab (K) I 0 I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 I 6 I
N. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRvf© 20% Ki‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z Kxiƒc cÖfve
kÖg (L) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
†gvU Drcv`b 0 2 5 9 12 12 9
(TP) GKK GKK GKK GKK GKK GKK GKK 11  Q 1 2 3 4 5 6
MC 20 16 12 16 26 30
K. Returns to ScaleKx? 1
L. Drcv`b eÜ Ae¯’vq †gvU w¯’i I cwieZ©bxq e¨q Kxiƒc nq? 2 K. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Kx? 1
M. mƒwP n‡Z †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 L. †Kvb evRv‡i Mo Avq cÖvwšÍK Avq GKB? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
N. m~wP‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU e¨q †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. DÏxcK n‡Z Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨q †iLvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 43

†bvqvLvjx miKvwi K‡jR

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  dzUcv‡Zi nKvi K wei †nv‡m‡bi cwiev‡i m`m¨ msL¨v Qq| 6  wPÎwU †`L Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cwiev‡ii mevi Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z Zvi Lye Kó nq| G eQi Y MC
AC
kxZ Lye †ewk c‡o‡Q| `yB ev”Pvi ¯‹z‡ji fwZ©i mgq P‡j G‡m‡Q|
kx‡Zi Kvco µq Ges mšÍvb‡`i fwZ©i UvKv †RvMvo wb‡q †m LyeB P
E
P = AR = MR
`ywðšÍvq c‡o †Mj| ZvQvov †Kvb AfvewU Av‡M wgUv‡e Zv wb‡qI
fve‡Z jvMj| O X
M
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1 K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1
L. wbe©vP‡bi mgm¨v †Kb m„wó nq? 2 L. dvg© KLb ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i? 2
M. Kwei †nv‡mb †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q? 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi kZ©Øq
N. Kwei †nv‡mb †Kvb AfvewU Av‡M c~iY Ki‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Kxfv‡e cvwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
Ki? gšÍ‡e¨i mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 N. wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdv AR©‡bi cwiw¯’wZ Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
2  DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
7  aiv hvK, GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z †fvM A‡cÿK C = 200 + 0.5Y Ges
mswgkÖY x `ªe¨ y `ªe¨ wewb‡qvM mgxKiY I0 = 200.
A 150 00 K. †fvM A‡cÿK Kx? 1
B 100 50 L. ˆØZ MYbvi mgm¨v †Kb m„wó nq? 2
C 50 100 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wewb‡qvM †iLv A¼b Ki Ges wewb‡qv‡Mi
D 00 150 aib eY©bv Ki| 3
K. mæ‡hvM e¨q ej‡Z Kx eyS? 1 N. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ wPÎ A¼b K‡i fvimvg¨ Avq wba©viY Ki| 4
L. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq? 2 8  GKwU †`‡ki bvMwiKMY wbw`©ó A_©eQ‡i †`‡ki †fZ‡i I evB‡i †h
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 cwigvY `ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`b K‡i‡Q Zvi †gvU Avw_©K g~j¨ 300
N. Ôx `ªe¨ Drcv`b 100 GKK Kiv n‡j GKB mv‡_ y `ªe¨ †KvwU| wKš‘ IB eQi †`‡ki †fZ‡i †Kej 253 †KvwU g~‡j¨i `ªe¨
Drcv`b 100 GKK Kiv m¤¢e bq|Õ hyw³mn e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 I †mev Drcvw`Z nq|
3  Rvwgj mv‡ne cÖvq Av‡cj µq K‡ib| G mßv‡n Zvi Av‡c‡ji K. †gvU RvZxq Avq Kx? 1
Pvwn`vm~wP wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv L. GNP I GDP-Gi cv_©K¨ Kx? 2
`vg Pvwn`v M. DÏxc‡K RvZxq Avq †Kvb c×wZ cwigvc Kiv n‡q‡Q? eywS‡q †jL| 3
N. evsjv‡`‡ki †ÿ‡Î RvZxq Avq cwigv‡c GNP bv GDP †ewk
250 UvKv 15 wcm n‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ Av‡Q wKbv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
200 UvKv 20 wcm 9  kÖwg‡Ki †eZb I gRywi (w) = 12,800 †KvwU, LvRbv (R) =
150 UvKv 25 wcm 2,000 †KvwU UvKv, my` (i) = 600 †KvwU UvKv, e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi
K. Pvwn`v wewa Kx? 1 gybvdv (P) = 400 †KvwU UvKv, c‡ivÿ Ki (Ti) = 100 †KvwU UvKv
L. Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb-cÖmviY I n«vm-e„w×i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? 2 Ges g~ja‡bi ÿq-ÿwZRwbZ e¨q (D) = 120 †KvwU UvKv|
M. m~wPi wfwˇZ Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki Ges †iLvwU Pvwn`v wewa K. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq Kx? 1
†g‡b P‡j‡Q wKbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq? 2
N. `v‡gi cwieZ©b QvovB Av‡c‡ji Pvwn`v cwieZ©b n‡j welqwU M. Avq c×wZ‡Z †`kwUi RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
Kxfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡e? 4 N. Avq cwigv‡ci †ÿ‡Î c‡ivÿ Ki Ges g~ja‡bi ÿqÿwZRwbZ
4  wb‡Pi Pvwn`v mgxKiYwU jÿ Ki Ges Zvi wfwˇZ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : e¨q m¤ú‡K© †h c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q Zvi KviY we‡kølY Ki| 4
D = 24  4P †hLv‡b P = `vg, D = Pvwn`vi cwigvY| 10  evsjv‡`‡k m¤úÖwZ †Ljvcx FY welqwU †ek Av‡jvwPZ| evwYwR¨K
K. PjK Kx? 1 e¨vsK¸‡jv wewa ewnf©~Zfv‡e FY weZiY Ki‡Q e‡j Awf‡hvM Av‡Q|
L. PjK I aªæe‡Ki cv_©K¨ †jL| 2 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †Póv Ki‡Q hw`I kZfvM mydj
M. mgxKiY Abymv‡i †µZvi m‡e©v”P Pvwn`v I k~b¨ Pvwn`vi Av‡mwb| e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsKwU‡K AviI Kvh©Ki
†cÖÿvcU Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 f‚wgKv ivL‡Z n‡e|
N. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU †h GKwU Pvwn`v mgxKiY Zzwg Kxfv‡e K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
we‡kølY Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bxwZ¸‡jv Kx Kx? 2
5  evRv‡i wewfbœ `v‡g Kgjv‡jeyi nvwji Pvwn`v I †hvMvb †`Iqv M. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi †LvjvevRvi bxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
Av‡Q| m~wPi wfwˇZ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : N. evsjv‡`‡k FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb `ywU bxwZ AwaK Kvh©Ki
`vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi cwigvY e‡j g‡b Ki? we‡kølY Ki| 4
11  gy`ªvùxwZ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Ab¨Zg Av‡jvP¨ welq| `ªe¨ ev
10 75 25
†mevi AZ¨vwaK Pvwn`v m„wó n‡j gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q| Avevi cY¨
20 50 50 ev †mevi †hvMvb n«vm †c‡jI gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| BD‡µb-
30 25 75 ivwkqv hy‡×i cieZ©x‡Z gy`ªvùxwZi cÖ‡Kvc †ewk cwijwÿZ nq|
K. ¯^vaxb PjK Kx? 1 K. gy`ªvùxwZ Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Kxfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq? 2 L. nv‡ii w`K †_‡K gy`ªvùxwZi cÖKvi‡f`¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki| 2
M. m~wPi Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ we›`y wP‡Î †`LvI| 3 M. Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ Kxfv‡e †`Lv †`q wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 3
N. `vg I Pvwn`v GKB Ae¯’vq hw` †hvMv‡bi cwigvY 50, 75, N. e¨qe„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ evsjv‡`‡k cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q wKbv
100 n‡j, fvimv‡g¨i Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DÏxcK I ev¯ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K eywS‡q †jL| 4
 44

eW©vi MvW© cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, wm‡jU

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  wb‡Pi ZvwjKvwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kx? 1
A `ªe¨ (GKK) 0 10 30 40 L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i `vg †iLv wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? 2
B `ªe¨ (GKK) 40 30 10 0 M. DÏxc‡K A evRvi †h ai‡bi evRv‡ii mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© Zvi
K. wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’v Kx? 1 ˆewk󨸇jv wjL| 3
L. ¯^qswµq `vg e¨e¯’v ej‡Z Kx †evSv? 2 N. DÏx‡Ki Dwjø w LZ A evRvi Ges B evRv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_© K ¨mg~ n
M. DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 we‡kølY Ki| 4
P, AC
N. 10 GKK A `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ 40 GKK B `ª‡e¨i Drcv`‡bi 7 MC
AC
†hŠw³KZv wPÎmn we‡kølY Ki| 4
2  wnwg wewRwcGmwmÕi K¨vw›Ub †_‡K PK‡jU µq K‡i| Zvi wewfbœ 15 P = AR = MR

GKK PK‡jU †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hvM wb‡Pi ZvwjKvq †`Iqv n‡jv Q

O 50
`ª‡e¨i GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM K. g‡bvcwj evRvi Kx? 1
1g 10 L. ÿwZ Ae¯’q GKwU dvg© ¯^íKv‡j KLb Drcv`b Kvh©µg
2q 18 Pvwj‡q hvq? 2
3q 24 M. wPÎ †_‡K dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
4_© 24 N. wPÎ Abyhvqx Mo e¨q AC hw` `v‡gi †P‡q Kg nq Zvn‡j
5g 20 dv‡g©i gybvdvi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. Xvj Kx? 1 8  †`Iqv Av‡Q,
L. ¯^vfvweK `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLv Kxiƒc nq? e¨vL¨v Ki? 2 C = 1000 + 3Y Ges T = 100, G = 125
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki? 3 †hLv‡b, C = †fvM e¨q, I = wewb‡qvM e¨q Ges G = miKvwi e¨q
N. DÏxc‡K wnwgi PK‡jU µq µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM K. GNP Kx? 1
wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i wKbv we‡kølY Ki| 4 L. ÔmÂq e„w× †c‡j wewb‡qvM e„w× cvqÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
3  wb‡Pi ZvwjKvwU jÿ Ki Ges wb‡¤œv³ cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI| M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
`vg (UvKvq) Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi cwigvY N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †fvM †iLv A¼b K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
1 35 15 we‡kølY Ki| 4
2 25 25 9  GKwU †`‡ki †gvU †fvM e¨q 500 †KvwU UvKv, wewb‡qvM e¨q 200
3 15 35 †KvwU UvKv Ges miKvwi e¨q 100 †KvwU UvKv| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki
K. A‡cÿK Kx? 1 IqvjUb †Kv¤úvwb mv¤úªwZK mg‡q kÖxj¼v‡Z Zv‡`i †kv-iæg
L. Ki I fZz©wK Kxfv‡e †hvMvb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2 D‡™¢vab Ki‡Q| †hLvb †_‡K Zv‡`i evrmwiK Avq 50 †KvwU UvKv|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Avevi Rvcvwb mwb †Kv¤úvwb evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeQi Avq Ki‡Q cÖvq
wbY©q Ki| 3 30 †KvwU UvKv|
N. `vg I Pvwn`v AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq †hvMv‡bi cwigvY 5 GKK K. ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM Kx? 1
e„w× Ki‡j fvimv‡g¨i Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. gy³ A_©bxwZi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx? 2
4  wb‡Pi ZvwjKvwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GDP I GNP-Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
Rwgi cwigvY kÖg †gvU Drcv`b mswgkÖY N. DÏxc‡Ki mwb †Kv¤úvwbi Avq hw` wظY nq Z‡e wRwWwc I
2 1 7 K wRGbwc-Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ n‡e wK? we‡kølY Ki| 4
10  GKwU †`‡ki A‡_©i †hvMvb, A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ I †jb‡`b-Gi
2 2 14 L
2 3 21 M cwigvY n‡”Q h_vµ‡g M = 500, V = 40 Ges T = 400| m¤úªwZ
miKvi A‡_©i †hvMvb evwo‡q 600 wba©viY K‡i|
2 4 28 N
K. A_© Kx? 1
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1 L. AbjvBb I †gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU mnR? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. kÖg‡K RxešÍ DcKiY ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i g~j¨ wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. DÏxcK n‡Z `vg¯Í‡ii Ici miKv‡ii A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×i
N. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLv A¼b K‡i Gi AvK…wZi
cÖfve we‡kølY Ki| 4
Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
11  mvwKe I ivwKe `yB eÜy| mvwKe GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ †hwU
5  GKwU dv‡g©i LiP m~wP wb¤œiƒc Avw_©K bxwZ cÖYqb I FY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cvi‡j I RbMY‡K cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e
Drcv`b Q GKK 1 2 3 4 5 6 FY †`q bv| ivwKeI GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ, †hwU RbM‡Yi A_©
†gvU LiP (TC) 10 15 18 24 32 42 Rgv iv‡L Ges Ab¨‡K FY w`‡q gybvdv AR©b K‡i|
K. TFC-Gi m~ÎwU †jL| 1 K. gy`ªvi g~j¨ Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. Mo Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 L. A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v †Kb my‡`i Ici wbf©ikxj? 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z AC wbi~cY Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ivwK‡ei e¨vsK Avi Kx Kx KvR K‡i?
N. DÏxcK n‡Z AC I MC-Gi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki| 4 eY©bv Ki| 3
6  P = AR = MR............. A evRvi N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ mvwK‡ei e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ
P = AR > MR........... B evRvi we‡kølY Ki| 4
 45

wc‡ivRcyi miKvwi gvwnjv K‡jR

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1 Y-`ªe¨ 7  DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki :
MC AC
A C E
E AVC
D

Avq/e¨q/`vg
F 150
O B X-`ªe¨ 100 F AR = MR = P
K. `y®úªvc¨Zv Kx? 1 80 G
L. Afve cyi‡Y wbe©vPb mgm¨v †`Lv †`q †Kb? 2 O 90 Drcv`b/weµ
M. DÏxcK †_‡K GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP ˆZwi Ki| 3 K. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi Kx? 1
N. wP‡Îi E I F we›`y `ywUi Zyjbv Ki| 4 L. AR †iLv wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? 2
2  gvby‡li †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v 3wU| cÖwZwU mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K M. DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ Abyhvqx dv‡g©i gybvdv bvwK ÿwZ nq?
Gme mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq Gme wbY©q Ki| 3
mgm¨vi wewfbœ mgvavb i‡q‡Q| Z‡e abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq N. Zywg wK g‡b Ki, AC †iLv F I G we›`yi gvSvgvwS GKwU
`vge¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Gm‡ei mgvavb Kiv nq| we›`y w`‡q Mgb Ki‡j ¯^í‡gqv‡` Drcv`bKvix Drcv`b
K. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’v Kx? 1 Pvwj‡q hv‡e? gybvdv/ÿwZ wbY©q K‡i hyw³ `vI| 4
L. my‡hvM e¨‡qi D™¢e N‡U †Kb? 2 8  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 AC
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ A_©e¨e¯’vq †h c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ A_©‰bwZK MC

Avq/e¨q/`vg
F
mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv nq Zv wK h‡_ó? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 500
3  gxbv †`vKv‡b wM‡q 1wU Kjg wKbj| KjgwU †_‡K †m 4 BDwUj 400 AR
E
Dc‡hvM †cj| gxbv 2wU Kjg †_‡K Dc‡hvM cvq 7 BDwUj| MR
cieZ©x‡Z 3wU Kjg †_‡K Dc‡hvM cvq 9 BDwUj| we‡µZv AviI O 700 Drcv`b/weµ
Kjg wKb‡Z ejvq †m 4wU Kjg wK‡b Dc‡hvM †cj 10 BDwUj| K.c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 L.me evRv‡i Kx AR = MR nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nq e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M.wPÎ †_‡K gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 3 N.DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z wP‡Î AC †iLvi Ae¯’vb Kxiƒc n‡j
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki †h, cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb| 4 ¯^vfvweK gybvdv Ges ÿwZ nq? wPÎ A¼b K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
4  nvmvb mv‡ne evRvi †_‡K wb¤œiƒc Pvwn`v m~wP Abyhvqx X I Y `ªe¨ 9  RvZxq Avq (Y) = C + I = AD1...(i), Y = C + I + G = AD2 ...(ii),
µq K‡ib: AS = 45° .... (iii)
K. NNP Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL| 1
`vg (P) X `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v (DX) Y `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v (DY)
L. wewb‡qvM evo‡j GNP Kxfv‡e ev‡o? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
10 120 100 M. DwÏcK n‡Z (i) I (iii) bs mgxKiY e¨envi K‡i RvZxq
15 40 90 Av‡qi fvimv‡g¨i wPÎ AvuK| 3
K. Pvwn`vi wba©viK Kx? 1 N. DwÏc‡Ki Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ c~Y© wb‡qv‡Mi fvimvg¨ AR©b m¤¢e
L. †hvMvb I gRy‡`i g‡a¨ Kxfv‡e cv_©K¨ Kiv hvq? 2 wK? wP‡Î we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨ `ywUi Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 10  `ªe¨g~‡j¨i Ea©MwZi Kvi‡Y eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, e¨vsK
N. X I Y `ª‡e¨i g‡a¨ †KvbwUi Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 nvi e„w×, †LvjvevRv‡i FYcÎ wewµ Ges bM` Rgvi nvi evwo‡q
5  †`Iqv Av‡Q, †fvM A‡cÿK (C) = 50 + 0.5Y, ¯^q¤¢‚Z wewb‡qvM (I) †`q| GQvov F‡Yi †ikwbs I eÜKx F‡Yi bM`vsk cwieZ©b K‡i|
= 100, miKvwi e¨q (G) = 30.
GKBfv‡e evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgvb‡Zi Ici ˆea
K. PviLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZi RvZxq Av‡qi mwgKiYwU †jL| 1 wiRv‡f©i AbycvZI evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
K. gy`ªv Kx? 1
L. we‡`wk‡`i Avq GNP †Z AšÍf³ ©y nq bv †Kb? 2
L. my‡`i nvi n«vm gy`ªvi dUKv Pvwn`v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i?
M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx miKvwi e¨q 50 GKK e„w× Kiv n‡j RvZxq Av‡qi eywS‡q †jL৷ 2
Ici †Kgb cÖfve ci‡e? MvwYwZK e¨vL¨vmn we‡kølY Ki| 4 M. DÏxcK †_‡K FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki| 3
6  wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ welqvewj A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Dci Kxfv‡e
cÖfve †d‡j Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
Drcv`b (Q) †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) †gvU e¨q (TC) 11  ÔKÕ †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 500, e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv
1 10 14 (M) = 300, Dfq cÖKvi gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V I V) = 4, µq-
2 10 20 weµ‡qi Rb¨ `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY (T) = 401 mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b ÔKÕ
3 10 24 †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi †hvMvb A‡a©K n‡jv|
4 10 40 K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
5 10 60 L. Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ †K †Kb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ejv nq 2
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 1 M. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Av‡jv‡K DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i
L. hLb MC > AC nq ZLb †gvU LiP Kxfv‡e cwieZ©b nq? 2 wfwˇZ `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K TVC †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i g~‡j¨i wecixZ m¤úK©
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ AC I MC-Gi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki| 4 Aviwfs wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ we‡kølY Ki| 4
 46

MvBevÜv miKvwi K‡jR

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  wb‡Pi m~wP‡Z `æwU `ª‡e¨i PviwU wewfbœ mswgkÖY †`qv n‡jv K. rcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1
X-`ªe¨ Y-`ªe¨ mswgkÖY L. DcKi‡Yi cwieZ©b n‡j Drcv`b cÖfvweZ nq wK bv? 2
0 60 A M. DÏxc‡K Drcv`‡bi †Kvb ch©vqwU µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK
20 45 B Drcv`b wewai mv‡_ mswkøó? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
45 20 C N. wPÎvby mv‡i Pvwliv cvU Drcv`‡bi wm×všÍ cwieZ© b Ki‡e?
60 0 D gZvgZ `vI| 4
K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j? 1 7  GKwU mvgwMÖK Avq wba©viY g‡Wj wb¤œiƒc :
L. wbe©vPb mgm¨vi D™¢e nq †Kb? 2 C = 500 + 0.6Y, I = 200
M. DÏxcK n‡Z Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 †hLv‡b, C = †fvM e¨q, Y = RvZxq Avq/mvgwMÖK Avq, I = wewb‡qvM
N. 20 GKK X `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ 50 GKK Y `ªe¨ Ges 20 GKK X K. Ave× A_©bxwZ Kx? 1
`ªe¨-Gi mv‡_ 30 Y `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. KLb GNP I GDP ci¯úi mgvb nq? 2
2  mvgQyj mv‡ne ÔKÕ bvgK GKwU †`‡ki cÖevwm †hLv‡b mKj A_©‰bwZK M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
Kg©KvÐ †K›`ªxq miKvi KZ©„K wbqwš¿Z nq| Drcv`b, eÈb, wewbgq, N. DÏxcK n‡Z mÂq A‡cÿK wbY©q K‡i S = I-Gi mgZv
†fvM meB †K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘ Zvi †`‡k mv‡c‡ÿ fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi gvb wbY©q cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
ïay miKvi bq, †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡MI A‡bK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nq| 8  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki :
K. my‡hvM e¨q Kv‡K e‡j? 1 P, R, C
L. GKwU mgv‡Ri cÖavb †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v wZbwU †jL| 2 SMC
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †`k `ywUi A_©e¨e¯’vi cv_©K¨ Kx? ˆewkó¨mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 `vg SAC
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `ywU †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v wK GK? wfbœ n‡j we‡kølY Ki| 4 P1
E
P = AR = MR
3  GKwU `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v A‡cÿK I †hvMvb A‡cÿK †`Iqv n‡jv P2 F
Qd = 20  P, Qs =  4 + 3P
P = `vg, Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY
O M
K. †iLvi Xvj Kv‡K e‡j? 1 Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
L. Kj‡gi g~j¨ e„wׇZ †cw݇ji Pvwn`vi Ici Kx cÖfve ci‡e? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 K. evB‡jUv‡ij g‡bvcwj evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1
N. miKvi hw` `ª‡e¨i `vg 8 UvKv wba©viY K‡i Z‡e fvimvg¨ Kx L. GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi Kxfv‡e `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i? 2
Ae¯’v n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z dv‡g©i †gvU gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3
4  Av‡qkv Av‡cj Lye cQ›` K‡i| Av‡cj †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Zvi †gvU N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î AC †iLv E we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j gybvdvi
Dc‡hvM m~wPwU wb¤œiƒc : †ÿ‡Î Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
Av‡c‡ji `vg †gvU Dc‡hvM 9  GKwU †`k ÔKÕ-Gi †gvU †fvM e¨q 600 †KvwU UvKv| †gvU
cÖ_g GKK 8 GKK wewb‡qvM e¨q 300 †KvwU UvKv| †gvU miKvwi e¨q I †mevKg©
wØZxq GKK 10 GKK µ‡qi Rb¨ e¨q 50 †KvwU UvKv| cÖev‡m Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i
Z„Zxq GKK 12 GKK Avq 25 †KvwU UvKv Ges †`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq 15
PZz_© GKK 12 GKK †KvwU UvKv|
cÂg GKK 10 GKK K. †gvU RvZxq Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1
K. †gvU Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 L. mÂq n‡jv wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwË e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi `ywU m¤úK© †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) I RvZxq
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨ I wfwˇZ †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 Drcv`b (GNP) †ei Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ N. DÏxc‡K †`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq wظY n‡j †gvU †`kR
m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
5  wb‡Pi †UwejwU jÿ Ki : Drcv`b I †gvU RvZxq Av‡qi Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
10  wb‡Pi †UwejwU jÿ Ki :
Drcv`b (Q) 1 2 3 4 5
†gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q (TVC) 4 10 14 30 50 cwigvY (GKK) 1 2 3 4
D‡jøL¨, †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) = 10| `ª‡e¨i `vg (UvKv) 15 15 15 15
K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. g‡bvcwj evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1
L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR nq †Kb? 2 L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z AC †iLv †ei Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. w¯’i e¨q †Kvb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z DÏxcK N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ †h evRvi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi ˆewk󨸇jv
n‡Z A¼b Ki| 4 e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
6  evsjv‡`‡ki cvU Pv‡li †ÿ‡Î DcKiY Drcv`b m¤úK©mn Drcv`‡bi 11  AvRv` bZzb wb‡qvMcÖvß GKRb e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v| GKw`b Zvi evev
wewfbœ ch©vq¸‡jv wb‡¤œi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv Zv‡`i e¨vs‡Ki FY bxwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡j AvRv` ej‡jb,
M
Q T ÒAvgiv Ggb GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi Kwi †hwU mvaviY RbMY‡K †Kvb
TP
FY †`q bv eis FY wbqš¿Y K‡i|Ó
U
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? 1
O (L, K)
AP X XX
L. A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi I A‡_©i g~‡j¨i g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
XXX
MP
AP
M. AvRv‡`i e¨vsKwUi Kvh©vewji weeiY `vI| 3
O (L, K) N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsKwU Kxfv‡e e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b I
MP †Lvjv evRvi bxwZi gva¨‡g FY wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4
 47

K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, †gv‡gbkvnx

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  gvB‡Kj I Rvwgj h_vµ‡g ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ †`‡ki bvMwiK| Zviv `yRbB GKB 6  wb‡¤œi ZvwjKv †`L Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
wek¦we`¨vj‡q co‡Q| AvjvcPvwiZvq gvB‡Kj Rvbvq Zvi †`‡k `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY †gvU w¯’i e¨q †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q
Drcv`b I †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv ¯^xK…Z bq| mKj
1 10 10
A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ miKvi KZ©„K ivóªxq Kj¨vY we‡ePbvq cwiPvwjZ nq|
Ab¨w`‡K, Rvwg‡ji †`‡k `ªe¨ Drcv`b I †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨w³ m¤ú~Y© 2 10 18
¯^vaxb| A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ði g~j jÿ¨ gybvdv AR©b| `ª‡e¨i `vg wba©vwiZ 3 10 24
nq evRv‡i `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cvi¯úwiK wµqv-cÖwZwµqvq| 4 10 28
K. A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1 5 10 35
L. wb‡`©kbvg~jK A_©e¨e¯’vq †eKviZ¡ _v‡K bv †Kb? 2 6 10 48
M. gvB‡K‡ji †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. ÔLÕ †`‡ki `ª‡e¨i `vg Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cvi¯úwiK wµqv- K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b wewa Kx? 1
cÖwZwµqvq Kxfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq? wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. g~jab‡K wbw®µq Dcv`vb ejv nq †Kb? 2
2  wb‡¤œ `ywU `ªe¨ 'X' I 'Y'-Gi Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP †`Iqv n‡jv| Gi wfwˇZ M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi m~wP
wb‡¤œv³ cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI : ˆZwi Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo w¯’i e¨q †iLv A¼b K‡i Gi AvK…wZi Dci
mswgkÖY X `ªe¨ (GKK) Y `ªe¨ (GKK) gšÍe¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
A 0 15 7  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
B 1 14 P, C MC
C 2 12 AC
P0 a
D 3 9 AR = MR = P
P1
E 4 5 b
F 5 0 O qo
Q
K. `æ®úÖvc¨Zv Kx? 1 K. A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯’vbxq evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. my‡hvM e¨q ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. cª`Ë m~wPi wfwˇZ GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 L. ÒGK‡PwUqv Kviev‡ii †ÿ‡Î dvg© I wkí GKBÓ hyw³mn eywS‡q †jL| 2
N. m¤¢ve¨ Drcv`b we›`y U(X = 3, Y = 5) Ges we›`y F(X = 3, Y = 12) G M. wPÎvbyhvqx dvg© Kx ai‡bi gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Q? Avq, e¨q I gybvdv
Drcv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 wbY©q c~e©K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
3  wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : N. ¯^íKv‡j dvg© wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z gybvdv e¨ZxZ Avi †Kvb ai‡bi gybvdv
AR©b K‡i? wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
`ª‡e¨i GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM (TU) 8 wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 10 UvKv R, C
MC
2 16 UvKv AC
a
10
3 20 UvKv 8 b
AR
4 20 UvKv MR
5 18 UvKv Q
O 50
K. Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. A_©bxwZ‡Z dvg© Kx? 1
L. Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? 2 L. GKRb †µZv I eûmsL¨K we‡µZvi evRvi‡K †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi
M. DcwiD³ m~wPi wfwˇZ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 ejv nq? D`vniY †jL| 2
N. DcwiD³ ZvwjKvq †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi ga¨Kvi M. wPÎvbyhvqx dv‡g©i Avq, e¨q I gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
m¤úK©¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. hw` ¯^íKv‡j cÖwZ GKK `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b e¨q 12 UvKv nq Zvn‡j
4  wb‡¤œ GKwU KvíwbK Pvwn`v m~wP †`Iqv n‡jv| Gi wfwˇZ cÖ`Ë cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi dv‡g©i gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? eywS‡q †jL| 4
DËi `vI: 9  GKwU wØLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZi cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv C = 100 + 0.5Y, †hLv‡b
`ª‡e¨i (UvKvq) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (GK‡K) wewb‡qvM e¨q I = 50|
K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Kx? 1
10 100
L. cÖevmx‡`i Avq wRGbwc-Gi AšÍf³ ©y †Kb? 2
09 120 M. DÏxcK †_‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
K. Pvwn`v wewa Kx? 1 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mÂq A‡cÿK wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 4
L. wM‡db `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv †Kb? 2 10  GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kvb †`‡k wewnZ A‡_©i †gvU †hvMvb 100 †KvwU UvKv
M. cª`Ë Pvwn`v m~wP †_‡K GKwU Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 Ges e¨vsK A‡_©i †hvMvb 100 †KvwU UvKv| wewnZ A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ 5
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q c~e©K Ges e¨vsK A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ 5| Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mev 20|
`ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1
5  wb‡¤œi DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : L. gy`ªvùxwZi Kvi‡Y mÂqKvix ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq †Kb? 2
DcKiY Rwgi cwigvY e¨en„Z kÖg I †gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Aviwfs wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY e¨envi K‡i
mswgkÖY (GKK) g~jab (UvKvq) (gY) (gY) `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
A 1 500 8 8 N. hw` wenxZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK gy`ªvi †hvMvb wظY nq Zvn‡j GwU gy`ªvi
B 1 1000 14 6 g~‡j¨i Ici Kx cÖfve †dj‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
C 1 1500 18 4 11  mvwKe GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ, †hwU Avw_©K bxwZ cÖYqb I FY
wbqš¿Y Ki‡jI RbMY‡K cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e FY †`q bv| mvwK‡ei eÜy ivwKeI
D 1 2000 20 2 GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡i, †hwU RbM‡Yi A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e Rgv
K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 iv‡L I Ab¨‡K FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i|
L. kÖg‡K mwµq Dcv`vb ejv nq †Kb? 2 K. e¨vsK Kx? 1
M. DÏxc‡K mviYxwUi g~j aviYv wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. wewnZ gy`ªv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
N. D³ mviYxwU †Zvgvi eB‡qi †h aviYvwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi PviwU M. ivwK‡ei cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©vewj DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
e¨wZµg D‡jøL Ki| 4 N. mvwK‡ei cÖwZôv‡bi FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 48

bUi †Wg K‡jR, gqgbwmsn

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  wb‡Pi `ywU `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b mswgkÖY †`qv n‡jv : 6  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI|
Y-`ªe¨ P, R, C
AC
10 A B E
8 G 12 MC
F F
C 10 AVC AR = MR
5 G
8 f
D
O X-`ªe¨ O 20
Q
3 58
K. PPC-Gi c~Yi© ƒc Kx? 1 K. g‡bvcmwb evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1
L. Ôe¨wóK A_©bxwZi welq‡K wb‡q mvgwóK A_©bxwZ MwVZÕ L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi‡K `vg MÖnxZv ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ n‡Z †gvU w¯’i e¨q wbY©q Ki| 3
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi fvimvg¨ AwR©Z n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
M. wPÎwU‡Z †Kvb †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?
7  'A' evRv‡i `ª‡e¨i `vg wba©vwiZ _vKvq AmsL¨ †µZv I we‡µZv
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
`v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Aciw`‡K, 'B' evRv‡i
N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î F I G we›`y‡Z Drcv`‡bi hyw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
we‡µZviv `ª‡e¨ `vg I cwigvY wba©vi‡Yi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv _v‡K Ges
2  wb‡¤œ `ywU mgxKiY †`Iqv Av‡Q: †µZviv ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq|
Qd = 10  P
Qs = – 5 + 2P
K. ¯’vbxq evRvi Kx? 1
K. Pvwn`v wewa Kx? 1 L. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i †hvMvb †iLv †Kb j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq? 2
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi wZbwU m¤úK© †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K 'A' evRv‡ii kZ© I ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Pvwn`v mgxKiY n‡Z Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ A Ges B evRv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
N. evRv‡i `vg 4 UvKv wba©viY Ki‡j evRv‡i Kx cÖfve co‡e? 8  †fvM mgxKiY C = 100 + 0.65Y, wewb‡qvM I = 100, mgxKiY e¨q G
= 50
wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 K. ˆØZ MYbv Kx? 1
3 X `ª‡e¨i `vg X `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v Y `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v L. Avq Kxfv‡e mÂq I wewb‡qvM‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2
2 6 4 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ¯^íKvjxb †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
3 4 6 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq I †fvM e¨q wbY©q Ki| 4
K. wM‡db `ªe¨ Kx? 1 9  'A' e¨vsK †`‡ki mKj evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges
L. fwel¨‡Z `v‡gi e¨vcK cwieZ©‡bi Avk¼v _vK‡j †hvMvb A_©evRv‡ii AwffveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Aciw`‡K, 'B' e¨vsK
wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv †Kb? 2 RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †jb‡`b K‡i Ges ¯^j¦‡gqvw` FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K X `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki| 3 gybvdv AR©‡bi †Póv K‡i|
N. AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi wfwˇZ X I Y `ª‡e¨i m¤úK© K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. g~‡j¨i cwigvcK wn‡m‡e A_© Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i? 2
4  iwng Zvi 4 GKi Rwg‡Z 2015 mvj †_‡K Uvbv 4 eQi Mg Pvl M. DÏxc‡K 'A' e¨vsK Ges 'B' e¨vs‡Ki cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K‡ib| cÖ_g eQi 1000 UvKvi kÖwgK I g~jab wb‡qvM K‡i 50 gY N. 'A' e¨vsK gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y Kxfv‡e f‚wgKv iv‡L? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
Mg Drcv`b K‡i| M‡gi Pvwn`v I Drcv`b jvfRbK †`‡L wZwb 10  'A' †`‡ki A_©evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨mg~n wb‡¤œ †`Iqv n‡jv :
cieZ©x‡Z cÖwZeQi kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM eve` 1000 UvKv LiP e„w× †gvU wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY = 100
K‡i Mg Drcv`b K‡i h_vµ‡g 90, 120 I 140 gY| e¨vsK gy`vª i cwigvY = 50
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kx? 1 wewnZ gy`ªv Ges e¨vsK gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ = 4
†jb‡`‡bi cwigvY = 100
L. Ôg~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vbÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. DÏxcKwU †Kvb Drcv`b wewa cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? we‡kølY Ki| 4 L. ÔcÖ‡Z¨K FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡iÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
5  wb‡¤œ GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b I e¨‡qi ZvwjKv †`Iqv n‡jv : M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i g~j¨ wbY©q Ki| 3
N. wewnZ I e¨vsK gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY Kiv n‡j wdkv‡ii A‡_©i
Drcv`b (Q) TFC TVC
cwigvY ZË¡‡K Zzwg Kxfv‡e cÖgvY Ki‡e? 4
1 10 6
11 RvZxq Avq (Y) mÂq wewb‡qvM (I0)
2 10 10  100  50 100
3 10 26 200 0 100
4 10 50 300 50 100
K. Avq Kx? 1 400 100 100
L. w¯’i e¨q †iLv †Kb f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq? 2 K. wbU RvZxq Av‡qi m~ÎwU †jL| 1
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU e¨q †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 L. GNP Ges GDP-Gi g‡a¨ wZbwU †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ †jL| 2
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi m¤úK© wP‡Îi M. m~wPi Av‡jv‡K mÂq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡Ki m~wPi wfwˇZ fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wP‡Îi mvnvh¨ †`LvI| 4
 49

ivRDK DËiv g‡Wj K‡jR, XvKv

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. A_©bxwZ‡K m¤ú‡`i weÁvb e‡j †K 11. A `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î- 21. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z dvg©wU †Kvb evRv‡ii AšÍf©~³|
AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| i. Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK K Awj‡Mvcwj
K A¨vWvg w¯§_ L Gj. iweÝ ii. `ªe¨wU wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq L GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
M †R Gg †KBÝ N wc.G m¨vgy‡qjmb iii. `vg cÖ¯Íve Kg nq M g‡bvcmwb
2. †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡b mgvRZ‡š¿i cZb N‡U wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N GK‡PwUqv
KZ mv‡j? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 22. Z †Kv¤úvwbi
K 1899 mv‡j L 1985 mv‡j 12. †Kvb mgv‡R kÖ‡gi ¸iæZ¡ me©vwaK? i. †gvU Avq 450
M 1917 mv‡j N 1930 mv‡j K Avw`g hy‡M ii. dvg©wU ÿwZi
L mgvRZvwš¿K mgv‡R iii. dv‡g©i †gvU e¨q (TC) dv‡g©i †gvU
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M cyuwRev`x mgv‡R Avq (TR)
Y `ªe¨
N wgkÖ mgv‡R
L
P wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Q 13. AcÖKvwkZ w¯’i e¨‡qi A_©f³ z n‡jv- K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
R
F i. D‡`¨v³i wb‡Ri cvwikÖwgK
X `ªe¨ 23. †hme Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î
ii. fvov Kiv hš¿cvwZ
3. hw` mgv‡R Y `ª‡e¨i Zzjbvq X `ª‡e¨i cybivq e¨en„Z nq, †m¸‡jv‡K Kx e‡j?
iii. dv‡g©i wbR¯^ wewìs
K ga¨eZ©x `ªe¨ L †fvM¨`ªe¨
cÖ‡qvRb †ewk nq Zvn‡j DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ N Drcv`‡Ki `ªe¨
we›`y‡Z m‡e©v”P Drcv`b Ki‡e? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
KL LF MM NQ 24. Lv‡j` mv‡ne GKwU cyivZb evwo µq
14. ¯^cœ Kv‡j †gvU e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e| K‡i‡Qb| Zvi µqK…Z evwowU GDP Gi
4. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡jv- C TC C TC
i. e¨w³MZ Avq K L AvIZvfz³ bv nIqvi KviY-
ii. †eKvi mgm¨v Q Q i. ÿwZi cwigvY †ewk n‡e
iii. evwYR¨ P‡µi DÌvbcZb C TC C TC ii. c~‡e© ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M N iii. ˆØZ MYbvi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Q Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
5. BRgv Bmjvwg AvB‡bi KZZg Drm?
X bvgK GKwU KviLvbvq ˆ`wbK 5 GKK  DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 2q L 3q M 4_© N 5g
`ªe¨ Drcv`b Ki‡j dv‡g©i Mo ciP (Ac) 'L' †`‡ki RvZxq Avq g‡Wj wb¤œiƒc:
6. Pvwn`vi n«vme„w× nq- mwb nq| hvi cwigvY 10 UvKv|
i. †µZvi iæwPi cwieZ©‡b Y = C + 1+ G
15. DÏxc‡K ÔXÕ dvg©wUi ˆ`wbK †gvU LiP C = 100 + 0.9Y
ii. we‡eP¨ `ª‡e¨i `vg cwieZ©‡b KZ n‡e I = 50, G = 100
iii. †µZvi Avq cwieZ©‡b K 5 UvKv L 15 UvKv 25. ‘L’ †`‡ki fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M 20 UvKv N 50 UvKv K 500 L 1000
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 16. hw` dvg©wU GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i, Zvn‡jÑ M 2000 N 2500
7. †KvbwU w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| i. cÖvwšÍK e¨q e„w× cv‡e
26. RvZxq Av‡qi g‡Wj Abyhvqx-
P P i. †`kwU DbœZ‡`k
2D ii. Mo e¨q Ki‡e
K L ii. cÖvwšÍK mÂq cÖebZv = 0.1
1 D iii. cÖvwšÍK e¨q > Mo e¨q n‡e
O Q O Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. †`kwU AbybœZ †`k
P P
D
3
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M N K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
O Q O
4D
Q 17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK|
K AVC = TVC + Q L AVC = TVC  Q 27. A_©‰bwZK g›`vi mgq FY wbqš¿‡Y †K›`øxq e¨vs‡K
8. wbK…ó `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
M AVC = TVC  Q N AVC=TVC – Q i. bM` Rgvi nvi Kwg‡q †`q
Kxi~c nq| ii. e¨vsK nvi evwo‡q †`q
K Ey<1 L Ey>1
18. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b aviYvi mv‡_ †KvbwU mwVK?
M Ey 0 N Ey = 1 K GKwU DcKiY w¯’i Ab¨wU cwieZ©b iii. FYcÎ µq K‡i
L GKwU DcKiY cwieZ©bxq Ab¨wU w¯’i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M mKj DcKiY cwieZ©bxq K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
`ª‡e¨i GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwßK Dc‡hvM N wKQz DcKiY w¯’i, wKQz cwieZ©bxq 28. M †`‡k evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK
(Q) (TU) (MU) 19. ÔGKwU Wz‡qvcwj wb‡q `yRb we‡µZv AvgvbZ 50,000 UvKv Ges ˆea wiRvf©
1 20 20 _v‡K|Õ Dw³wU Kvi? 10% n‡j M †`‡k evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki
2 ? 15 K DBwjqvg †djbvi L G. KzU‡mqvwb FYm„ó AvgvbZ KZ n‡e?
3 43 8 M †nÛvimb Kzqv›U N m¨vgy‡qjmb K 50,000 L 5000
4 45 ? 20. gy `ªv evRv‡i †jb‡`b nq- M 50,00,000 N 5,00,000
i. ¯^í‡gqvw` miKvwi eÛ 29. †KvbwU Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv?
9. (?) wPwýZ ¯’v‡b †gvU Dc‡hvM (IU) Ges ii. cÖwZÁvcÎ K 500 UvKvi WªvdU
cÖvwßK Dc‡hvM (MU) ch©vqµ‡g KZ n‡e? iii. wW‡eÂvi L 500 UvKvi †PK
K 20,15 L 35,15 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M 500 UvKvi †bvU
M 5,5 N 35, 2 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N 500 UvKvi cÖvBR eÛ
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 30. gy`ªvi †hvMv‡bi Dcv`vb n‡jv-
A `ª‡e¨i `vg cÖwZ †KwR 20 UvKv †_‡K Z bvgK cÖwZôvbwU GKwU GjvKvi Ggb i. RbM‡Yi nv‡Z gy`ªv
40 UvKv n‡j A `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v 15 †KwR GKwU `ªe¨ mieivn hv Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZôvb ii. e¨vs‡K iwÿZ Pvwn`v AvgvbZ
†_‡K 10 †KwR nq| mieivn K‡i bv| dvg©wUi Mo e¨q (AC) = iii. e¨vsK iwÿZ †gqvw` AvgvbZ
10. A `ª‡e¨i `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb KZ? 25 UvKv, `ª‡e¨i `vg (P) = 30 UvKv Ges wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K3 L 1/3 M 2 N 1/2 fvimvg¨ weµ‡qi cwigvY 15| K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 50

XvKv †iwm‡Wbwmqvj g‡Wj K‡jR

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. †Kvb †fvM e¨q Avq †_‡K ¯^vaxb? 9. wgkÖ A_©bxwZi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv 19. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i
K cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q i. miKvwi I †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi Dcw¯’Z i. P = AR
L ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM e¨q ii. ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v ii. P = MR
iii. AR > MR
M †emiKvwi †fvM e¨q iii. gy`ªvùxwZi Abycw¯’wZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N miKvwi †fvM e¨q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii
2. e× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. GNP = GDP  DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. (X  M) Abycw¯’Z X `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wb¤œiƒc :
iii. GNP > GDP `vg, Avq, eÅq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? `vg (UvKvq) Pvwn`v (GKK) †hvMvb (GKK)
P MR
K i I ii L i I iii 10 300 50
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 20 250 100 O cwigvY
3. Rbve Bev` mv‡ne cyivZb GKwU evwo µq 30 200 200 20. wP‡Î MR †iLvwU †Kvb evRv‡ii?
Ki‡jb| G‡ÿ‡Î GwU wRwWwc-Gi 40 150 300 K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L GK‡PwUqv
AvIZvfz³ bv nIqvi KviY 50 100 350 M g‡bvcmwb N Awj‡Mvcwj
i. c~‡e© ˆZwiK…Z 10. X `ª‡e¨i fvimvg¨ `vg KZ? 21. wP‡Î fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb †iLvwUi cÖ‡qvRb?
ii. ˆØZ MYbv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e K 10 UvKv L 20 UvKv K AC L MC M AVC N TFC
iii. ÿwZi cwigvY †ewk n‡e M 30 UvKv N 40 UvKv 22. Wz‡qvcmwb‡Z KZRb †µZv _v‡K?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 1 Rb L 2 Rb M 3 Rb N 4 Rb
11. X `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î
K i I ii L i I iii i. †hvMvb †iLv Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx
23. evB‡jUv‡iU g‡bvcwj evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œMvgx
mZ¨ †KvbwU?
4. 2019-20 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Avq K GKRb †µZv GKRb we‡µZv
iii. Pvwn`v wewai e¨wZµg N‡Uwb
L GKRb †µZv eûmsL¨K we‡µZv
75 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv Ges mvgwMÖK e¨q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M eûmsL¨K †µZv GKRb we‡µZv
55 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| H eQ‡i RvZxq K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N `yRb †µZv eûmsL¨K we‡µZv
mÂq‡K Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kiv 12. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Pvwn`v A‡cÿ‡Ki m~Î?
K Q = f(x, y, z) L Q = f(S) 24. wewfbœ ai‡bi Kjv‡KŠkj Ges hš¿cvwZi
n‡jv| G‡ÿ‡Î mgš^‡q MwVZ GK ev GKvwaK cøv›U‡K ejv
M Q = f(P) N Q = f(D)
i. RvZxq mÂq I wewb‡qvM mgvb n‡e
13. GKRb †fv³vi 7wU Avg †fv‡Mi d‡j nq
ii. m‡qi cwigvY 20,000 †KvwU UvKv
Zvi †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi cwigvY n‡jv 67 UvKv| K dvg© L wkí M msMVb N evRvi
iii. wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY 55,000 †KvwU UvKv
5wU Avg †fv‡Mi d‡j hw` †gvU Dc‡hvM 29 25. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vgMÖnxZv (Price
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? UvKv nq Z‡e †fv³vi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KZ? Taker) wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
Ki L ii
K 15 UvKv L 17 UvKv K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
M i I ii N i I iii
M 19 UvKv N 22 UvKv L Awj‡Mvcwj
5. KqwU c×wZ‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15bs cÖ ‡kœ i DËi `vI : M g‡bvcwj
e¨vs‡Ki cwigvYMZ FY wbqš¿Y K‡i?
gy mveDwÏb mv‡ne 10 UvKv `v‡g 'Y' `ª ‡e¨i N Wz‡qvcmwb
K `ywU L wZbwU
100 GKK µq K‡ib| `vg n« v m †c‡q 8 26. we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i Avq
M PviwU N cuvPwU
UvKv n‡j 195 GKK µq K‡ib| wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq?
6. Aa¨vcK Gj. iwe‡Ýi msÁv we‡kølY K GNP L GDP
14. 'Y' `ª‡e¨i `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ?
Ki‡j cvIqv hvq K 0.5 L 0.75 M 1.0 N 2.5 M CCA N NDP
i. Amxg Afve
15. 'Y' `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î 27. mÂq wnmve Kivi m~Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
ii. mxwgZ m¤ú` K S=Y+C L S=YC
i. Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK
iii. m¤ú‡`i Ac~Y© e¨envi M S=CY N S=C+Y
ii. Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx 28. †KvbwU mÂq mgxKiY?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡cÿv Pvwn`v
K i I ii L i I iii K S = 20  0.6 Y
cwieZ©‡bi nvi Kg L S =  20  0.6 Y
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M S = 20 + 0.6 Y
7. A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v n‡”Q K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N S =  20 + 0.6 Y
i. Drcv`b, e›Ub I †fvM 16. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Drcv`b 29. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU?
ii. `ywU Drcbœ `ª‡e¨i m¤¢ve¨ mswgkÖY K m‡e©v”P L me©wb¤œ K c =  a + by L c = a  by
iii. Drcv`b †KŠkj wbe©vPb M k~b¨ N FYvZ¥K M c = a + by N c =  a  by
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 17. KLb Mo e¨q (AC) = cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) nq?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K i I ii L i I iii K hLb AC wb¤œMvgx Rbve Avãyj Mvd&dvi mv‡n‡ei Avq hLb
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii L hLb MC wb¤œMvgx 15000 †KvwU UvKv ZLb Zvi wewb‡qvM
8. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ‡Z M hLb AC me©wb¤œ 7500 †KvwU UvKv| Avq e„w× †c‡q
i. †kÖwY‡kvlY Dcw¯’Z N hLb MC EaŸ©Mvgx 30,000 †KvwU UvKv n‡j wewb‡qvM e„w×
ii. DcKi‡Yi e¨w³gvwjKvbv †bB 18. ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? †c‡q 15,000 †KvwU UvKv nq|
iii. †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv AbymiY K TC = TVC 30. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wewb‡qv‡Mi K_v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? TC ejv n‡q‡Q?
L MC =
K i I ii L i I iii
Q K ¯^q¤¢‚Z L cÖ‡ivwPZ
M AC = TFC + AVC M cÖK…Z N mshy³
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N TC = TFC + TVC
 51

gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. Ô†h e¯‘ †`bv-cvIbv †gUv‡bvi Kv‡R e¨vcKfv‡e 11. C = 7000, I = 3000, G = 8000, Xn = 21. TFC I TVC-Gi mgwó‡K Kx ejv nq?
M„nxZ nq Zv‡K gy`ªv e‡jÕ †K e‡j‡Qb? 1000 n‡j GNP KZ? K VC L AC
K 18000 L 19000 M MC N TC
K †KBÝ
L IqvKvi
M 10000 N 11000 22. cÖ v wšÍ K e¨‡qi m~ Î †KvbwU?
M wiKv‡W©v
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 12 I 13bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K
TR
L
TC
mvqvb K‡c©v‡ikb wnmve K‡i †`Lj †Kv‡bv Q Q
N †gqvm© TR TC
2. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK RbM‡Yi Avgvb‡Zi A_© Drcv`b bv Ki‡j Zv‡`i e¨q nq 40 UvKv| M N
Q Q
Zv‡`i †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨‡qi QK wb¤œiƒc :
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb ev †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K FY  wPÎwU †`‡L 23 I 24bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡i G cÖwµqv‡K Kx e‡j? Drcv`b (GKK) †gvU cwieZ©bkxj `vg
K AvgvbZ msMÖn e¨q (TVC)
4A
L FY wbqš¿Y cÖwµqv 1 30
M FY m„Rb cÖwµqv 2 50
B
N FY msMÖn cÖwµqv 3 65 cwigvY
O 8
3. gy`ªvi †jb‡`b Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i 4 85 23. wP‡Î AB †iLvi Xvj KZ?
i. Avq 5 110 K2 L0
ii. gy`ªvi mieivn 12. m~wP‡Z 3 GKK cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Mo M  0.5 N2
iii. my‡`i nvi e¨q KZ? 24. AB †iLv mgvšÍivjfv‡e ev‡g ¯’vbvšÍwiZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 65 L 44 M 35 N 15 n‡j Xv‡ji gv‡bi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b NU‡e?
K i I ii L ii I iii 13. m~wP‡Z 3 GKK cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Mo K Xvj Kg‡e L evo‡e
M i I iii N i, ii I iii w¯’i e¨q KZ? M w¯’i _vK‡e N k~b¨ n‡e
4. GKwU Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Av‡qi K 13.33 L 21.66 25. ¯^vfvweK `ª‡e¨i Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kx
mij mgxKiY †KvbwU? M 10 N 18.50 ai‡bi nq?
K C + I + G + (X  M) 14. Wy‡qvcwj evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v KZ? K FYvZ¥K L abvZ¥K
L C+I+G K6 L3 M mgvbycvwZK N k~b¨
M C + I + (Xn) M AmsL¨ N2
N C+I
26. GKwU `ª ‡ e¨i `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K n«vm †c‡q
15. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR †iLv †Kgb nq? 8 UvKv n‡j Gi Pvwn`v 100 GKK †_‡K
5. †gvevBj e¨vswKs-Gi Amyweav n‡jv K EaŸ©Mvgx L mgvšÍivj e„w× †c‡q 150 GKK n‡jv| Pvwn`vi
i. B›Uvi‡bU e¨vswKs
M wb¤œMvgx N Djøç w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ?
ii. wej cwi‡kva
16. hy× wegvb †Kvb evRv‡ii cY¨? K1 L 2.5
iii. D”P nv‡i PvR© MÖnY K g‡bvcmwb L W–‡qvcwj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M  2.5 N8
M Awj‡Mvcwj N g‡bvcwj
K iii L i I ii 27. Principal of Economics MÖ‡š’i †jLK †K?
17. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î K Marshal
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii †KvbwU mwVK? L Adam Smith
6. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU? K P = AR > MC M L. Robins
K C = by L P = AR < MC N R. M. Bobar
L C = a + by M P = AR = MR
M Y=C+I N P = AR > MR
 wPÎwU †`‡L 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
N S=YC Y
18. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Mo Avq (AR) M
7. S = Y  C †Kvb ai‡bi A‡cÿK? †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nIqvi KviY
K †fvM L wewb‡qvM i. GKK dvg© `v‡gi Ici h‡_ó cÖfve A B
M Avq N mÂq we¯Ívi K‡i
O X
8. A_©bxwZ wef³ n‡Z cv‡i ii. GKRb dvg© `v‡gi Ici h‡_ó cÖfve N
i. GKLvZ wfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z we¯Ívi K‡i bv 28. wPÎvbyhvqx †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`b m¤¢e bq?
ii. wØLvZ wfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z iii. evRv‡i GKwU wbw`©ó `vg cÖPwjZ _v‡K KA LB
MN NM
iii. wZb LvZ wfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 29. wP‡Î 'Y' `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j 'X'
K i I ii L ii I iii M iii N i, ii I iii
K i I iii L i I ii
`ª‡e¨i Drcv`b KZ?
19. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vg m„wóKvix wn‡m‡e
K OM L ON
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii we‡ePbv Kiv nq? M MN N OA
9. †Kvb gZev` Abymv‡i mÂq I wewb‡qvM K g‡bvcmwb L W–‡qvcwj 30. wgZz GKwU mgvRZvwš¿K †`k cwi`k©‡b hvq|
ci¯úi mgvb? M Awj‡Mvcwj N g‡bvcwj
†m †mLv‡b †`L‡Z cvq
K wiKv‡W©v L gvk©vj 20. †KvbwU `xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK? K mælg eÈb
M wc¸ N †KBÝ 
K Q = f(L , K, V, Y )
 L kÖwgK-gvwjK Ø›Ø
10. TC  TVC = ? L Q = f(L, K , V, Y )
M  M †kÖwY ˆelg¨
K AC L TFC Q = f(L, K, V , Y )
M MC N AFC N Q = f(L, K, V, Y ) N e¨w³gvwjKvbv
 52

miKvwi kvn& myjZvb K‡jR, e¸ov

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. wb‡Pi †Kvb cY¨wUi Pvwn`v Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK? 11. gy`ªvi †hvMvb n«vm †c‡j Kx N‡U? 21. DÏxcK n‡Z dvg©wUi gybvdvi cwigvY
K jeY L Mvwo K `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq wbY©q Ki :
M Kjv N †Uwjwfkb L A‡_©i Pvwn`v n«vm cvq K 10 L 15 M 17 N 18
2. abZ‡š¿ †KvbwU‡K ÔA`„k¨ kw³Õ ejv nq? M A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq 22. msL¨vMZ Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv †K cÖ`vb K‡ib?
K miKvwi cwiKíbv L `vge¨e¯’v N A_©i gyj¨ e„w× cvq K wiKv‡W©v L GWvg w¯§_
M Rbkw³ N mvgvwRK Kj¨vY 12. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M gvk©vj N wn·
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K AVC = TVC + Q 23. †Kvb Dcv`vb Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z Abycw¯’Z?
L AVC = TVC  Q K wbU ißvwb L miKvwi e¨q
kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM (GKK) †gvU Drcv`b (GKK) M AVC = TVC + Q M †fvM e¨q N wewb‡qvM e¨q
1 8 N AVC =
TVC
24. †KvbwU Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY?
2 16 Q
K f‚wg L kÖg
13. †KvbwU gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m„wóKvix Dcv`vb?
3 24 K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L wegv †Kv¤úvwb
M g~jab N msMVb
4 32 M evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK  DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
3. DÏxc‡K Mo Drcv`b KZ? 14. e¨emvwqK Av‡qi †h Ask wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ wcZv d‡ji †gŠmy‡gi ïiæ‡Z evRvi
K8 L 16 M 24 N 32 mÂqKvix‡K cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? n‡Z wKQz Avg wK‡b Avb‡jb| Abb¨v ci ci
4. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx Mo Drcv`b (AP) K gybvdv L my` cuvPwU Avg †L‡q wb¤œiƒc Dc‡hvM †cj
I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡e M wewb‡qvM N g~jab Avg 1g 2q 3q 4_© 5g
K AP EaŸ©Mvgx I MP wb¤œMvgx 15. †KvbwUi †hvMvb ¯^íKvj I `xN©Kvj Dfq cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 20 15 10 5 0
L AP f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj I MP wb¤œMvgx mg‡qB m¤ú~Y© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK?
25. wZbwU Avg †fvM K‡i Abb¨vi cÖvß †gvU
M AP wb¤œMvgx I MP EaŸ©Mvgx K KviLvbv L Drcv`b
Dc‡hvM KZ?
N AP I MP Df‡qB f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj M f‚wg N gy`ªv
K 10 L 20 M 25 N 45
5. Bmjvwg A_©e¨e¯’vq Drcv`‡bi jÿ¨ n‡jv 16. GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K©
cÖv_wgK aviYv cvIqv hvq †KvbwU †_‡K? 26. Abb¨vi †ÿ‡Î
i. me©vwaK gybvdv AR©b
K wewb‡qvM e¨q L mvgwMÖK Avq i. Av‡gi †fvM e„w×i mv‡_ cÖvwšÍK
ii. nvjvj c‡_ `ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`b
M K‡c©v‡iU Avq N e¨emvwqK Avq Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡q‡Q
iii. b¨vqwePviwfwËK eÈb e¨e¯’v
17. ivwKe Zvi DcvR©b †_‡K 1,000 UvKv ii. Av‡gi †fvM e„w×i mv‡_ †gvU Dc‡hvM
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? n«vm †c‡q‡Q
K i I ii L i I iii fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L| GLv‡b
A_© Kx wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q? iii. cÂg GKK †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †gvU
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K g~‡j¨i cwigvcK wn‡m‡e Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡q‡Q
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
P
L wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e
K i I ii L i I iii
S M m‡qi evnb wn‡m‡e
(`vg) D M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N g~j¨ ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii evnb
18. Kxfv‡e wewbgq e¨e¯’v mnR I MwZkxj n‡q‡Q? 27. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Y PT Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv?
K `vg¯Íi L †hvMvb
S
Q K e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Øviv
O M gy`ªvi Pvwn`v N cwigvY
L †jb‡`‡bi Øviv
6. DÏxc‡K †hvMvb †iLvwUi Xvj M A‡_©i Øviv
28. Bmjvwg A_©e¨e¯’vi Áv‡bi g~j Drm KqwU?
K abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K K2 L3 M4 N5
N F‡Yi Øviv
M k~b¨ N Amxg  DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
19. Av‡gwiKvi †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx?
7. Kjg I Kvwj ci¯úi †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨? K evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Avmjvg mv‡ne GKwU cøvw÷K KviLvbvi
K cwieZ©K `ªe¨ L cwic~iK `ªe¨ gvwjK| ïiæ‡Z 50,000 UvKv wewb‡qvM
L †÷U e¨vsK Ae BwÛqv
M wbK…ó `ªe¨ N †fe‡jb `ªe¨ K‡ib| Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡q, wZwb
M †dWv‡ij wiRvf© wm‡÷g
8. hy³iv‡óª †Kvb ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? N e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ KuvPvgvj µq, kÖwgK Ges cwienY eve`
K wb‡`©kg~jK L abZvwš¿K AwZwi³ 10,000 UvKv LiP K‡i 600wU
20. GDP wbY©‡qi wnmve Kiv nq
M wgkÖ N Bmjvwg RM ˆZwi K‡ib|
i. we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ †`kxq‡`i Avq
9. D³ A_©e¨e¯’vi bvg wba©vwiZ nq 29. Avmjvg mv‡n‡ei †gvU w¯’i Li‡Pi
ii. †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`wk‡`i Avq
i. miKvwi wb‡`©kbvq cwigvY KZ?
iii. †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡`i Avq
ii. evRvi Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi wµqv-cÖwZwµqvq K 40,000 UvKv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L 50,000 UvKv
iii. ¯^qswµqfv‡e
K i I ii L i I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M 60,000 UvKv
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii N 70,000 UvKv
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 21bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 30. Avmjvg mv‡n‡ei cÖwZôv‡b
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(`vg/Avq/eÅq) i. Drcv`b ¯^íKvjxb
10. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i `vg (P) †iLv Y
MC
AC
Kxiƒc n‡e? F ii. Mo e¨q 100 UvKv
8 AR = MR
K j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj iii. Mo w¯’i e¨q wbY©q Kiv hvq
7 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj E
M evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx K i I ii L i I iii
N evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx O 10 X (Drcv`b) M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 53

RqcyinvU miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU
ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ we‡køl‡Y 11. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ? 20. ÔKÕ †`‡ki AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡R¨i djvdj Kx?
†K cÖ_g Ae`vb iv‡Lb? K 40 L 50 i. jvf n‡e
K m¨vgy‡qjmb L †KBbm M 30 N 20 ii. ¯^í‡gqvw` ÿwZ n‡e
M gvk©vj N A¨vWvg w¯§_ 12. DÏxc‡Ki aviYvwU iii. evwYR¨ kZ© BwZevPK n‡e
2. gvby‡li mKj cÖKvi A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ði i. ¯^íKvjxb mg‡qi †cÖwÿ‡Z we‡eP¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
g~‡j Kx? ii. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa AbymiY K‡i K i I ii L i I iii
K Drcv`b L †fvM iii. Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY w¯’i we‡ePbv K‡i M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M Afve N wbe©vPb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 21. Avq †_‡K Ki ev` w`‡j †KvbwU _v‡K?
3. U = f(X) GwU †Kvb ai‡bi A‡cÿK? K †gvU Avq L e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
K i I ii L i I iii
K †hvMvb L Pvwn`v M my‡hvM e¨q N mÂq
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M Drcv`b N Dc‡hvM 13. †h Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv dvg© Aek¨B Drcv`b 22. †`‡k Ae¯’ vbiZ cÖ evmx‡`i Avq A_© †KvbwUi
mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ki‡e Zv n‡jv K GDP L GNP
Y `vg i. AC > P > AVC M NNP N NDP
A ii. AC > P < AVC
a 23. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU?
90 F
iii. AC > TR > AVC
b K c =  a + by
70 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
40 E c L c = a + by
B K i I ii L i I iii M c = a + by
X `ªe¨
O 20 40 60 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N c =  a  by
4. wP‡Î b we›`y‡Z X I Y `ª‡e¨i mswgkÖY n‡jv 14. wP‡Î Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx A †iLvwU Kx 24. RvZxq Av‡qi cwigv‡ci c×wZ n‡jv
K 90, 20 L 70, 60 ai‡bi e¨q †iLv wb‡`©k K‡i? i. Drcv`b c×wZ
M 70, 40 N 40, 60 C (e¨q) ii. Avq c×wZ
5. wPÎvbyhvqx †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`b †Kvb iii. Kg© c×wZ
we›`y‡Z m¤¢e bq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
KE LF A
O Q (Drcv`b) Ki L i I ii
MA NB
K TFC L AVC M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
6. Pv‡ji `vg cÖwZ †KwR 40 UvKv n‡Z 50
M MC N AFC 25. ¯^ v axb I Aaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ AvbycvwZK
UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡q 100 †KwR
15. †Kvb †iLvi AvK…wZ f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq? m¤úK©‡K cÖKvk K‡i
n‡Z 80 †KwR nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Pv‡ji `vg
K TFC L AVC K civwgwZ L A‡cÿK
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ? M MC N AFC M aª–eK N Xvj
K 0.2 L 0.8
16. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR n‡jv  DÏxcKwU c‡o 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M 1.25 N5
i. e¨vsK nvi wba©viY Kiv
7. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †h me ivwki gvb Q = 10  3P A‡cÿK|
ii. RbM‡Yi mÂq Rgv ivLv
AÁvZ _v‡K Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 26. A‡cÿ‡Ki Xvj KZ?
iii. FY wbqš¿Y Kiv
K PjK L aªæeK K 10 L3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M1 N+3
M civwgwZ N ¯^vaxb PjK
K i I ii L i I iii
8. Qs =  25 + 5P †hvMvb mgxKiY |
27. cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK †_‡K Aw¼Z †iLvwU †Kgb n‡e?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx
i. P = ¯^vaxb PjK 17. 10 †KwR Pv‡ji `vg 600 UvKv n‡j L evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx
ii. 25 = aªæeK A‡_©i g~j¨ KZ? M f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
iii. 5 = mnM K 0.0224 L 0.0166 N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M 0.0557 N 0.0226 28. 'Money is what Money does' msÁv †Kvb
K i I ii L i I iii 18. †KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? A_©bxwZwe‡`i?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 0.5 cqmv K iveU©mb L IqvKvi
9. AC hLb wb¤œMvgx ZLb wb‡Pi †KvbwU N‡U? L 10 UvKv M µvD_vi N †KBbÕm
K AC > MC
M 15 UvKv
L AC < MC  DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
N 2 UvKvi †bvU
M AC  MC M = 2000, V = 2, T = 10
N AC = MC  DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 29. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi KZ?
10. Mo e¨q 10 GKK, †gvU w¯’i e¨q 10 ÔKÕ †`‡ki GDP = 5 wewjqb Wjvi, Avg`vwb K 300 L 350
GKK Ges †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q 20 2 wewjqb Wjvi Ges ißvwb 3 wewjqb Wjvi| M 400 N 450
GKK n‡j †gvU Drcv`b KZ? 19. ÔKÕ †`‡ki GNP KZ? 30. hw` A‡_©i mieivn wظY nq Z‡e A‡_©i g~j¨
K4 L5 K4 L5 K evo‡e L Kg‡e
M3 N6 M6 N8 M wظY n‡e N A‡a©K n‡e
 54

miKvwi my›`ieb Av`k© K‡jR, Lyjbv

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. †KvbwU gvbeRxe‡bi g~j A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v? 10. wewfbœ †`‡ki cyiv‡bv WvKwU‡KU, wewfbœ gy`ªv 19. D³ msÁv Abymv‡i evRv‡ii ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
K m¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨ZvL Amxg Afve msMÖ‡ni AvKv•ÿv †fv³vi wbKU evo‡j †Kvb i. wbw`©ó AÂj ev ¯’vb
M Amxg m¤ú` N mxwgZ Afve wewai Kvh©KvwiZv bó nq? ii. µq-weµq‡hvM¨ GK ev GKvwaK `ªe¨ ev †mev
2. Aa¨vcK iwe‡Ýi A_©bxwZi msÁv †_‡K K µg n«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa iii. †µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ `iKlvKwli
gvbeRxe‡bi KqwU A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi L µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa gva¨‡g `vg wba©viY
aviYv cvIqv hvq? M gvÎvMZ cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K `ywU L wZbwU N µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M PviwU N cuvPwU 11. †Kvb †ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 20. †KvbwU evRv‡ii Acwinvh© ˆewkó¨ bq?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wewawU AKvh©Ki? K wbw`©ó ¯’vb
Zvwbqv `wi`ª cwiev‡ii mšÍvb| †m UvKvi K cª‡qvRbxq `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î L wbw`©ó `v‡g cY¨ µq-weµq
Afv‡e A‡bK mgq bv †L‡q _v‡K| bv †L‡q L `yj©f gy`ªvi †ÿ‡Î M Pvwn`v
_vKv‡Z Zvi kix‡i wewfbœ †ivM-e¨vwa evmv M wgwó LvIqvi †ÿ‡Î N wbw`©ó `ªe¨
euva‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ Zvwbqvi N gay LvIqvi †ÿ‡Î 21. evRvi A_©bxwZ wbqwš¿Z nq
g‡Zv A‡bK wkï cÖvqB bv †L‡q _v‡K| 12. †KvbwU µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai ewnf©~Z? K `vg Øviv L Drcv`bKvix Øviv
3. A_©‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Zvwbqvi Lvev‡ii K Lv`¨ msMÖn M mÂq Øviv N wewbgq Øviv
Pvwn`v‡K Kx ejv hvq? L e¯¿ msMÖn 22. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z †evSvq
K wbe©vPb L Afve M WvKwU‡KU msMÖn K †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯’vb‡K
M `y®úÖvc¨Zv N eÈb N evm¯’vb wbg©vY L †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cY¨‡K
4. Zvwbqvi g‡Zv wkï‡`i bv †L‡q _vKvi 13. Pv‡ji `vg cÖwZ †KwR 40 UvKv n‡Z 50 M †µZv-we‡µZvi `iKlvKwl‡Z
Rb¨ `vqx UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡q 100 †KwR N wbw`©ó `v‡g †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i µq-weµq Kvh©µg‡K
i. m¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨Zv n‡Z 80 †KwR nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Pv‡ji `vg 23. K‡c©v‡iU gybvdvi †h Ask cybtwewb‡qvM
ii. Amxg Afve w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ? Ges cÖwZôv‡bi AZxZ FY cwi‡kv‡ai
iii. wkï‡`i cÖwZ Ae‡njv K 0.2 L 0.8 Rb¨ eivÏ ivLv nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K AewÈZ K‡c©v‡iU gybvdv
M 1.25 N5
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii L wWwf‡W›U
14. Drcv`‡b DcKiY msMÖn I Z`viwK K‡i †K?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 5 I 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M †cÖvcvBUv‡ii Avq
K f~wg L kÖg
Bgivb‡K Zvi gv 500 UvKv w`j evRvi N K‡c©v‡iU gybvdv
M msMVb N gƒjab
†_‡K Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii Rb¨ Pvj, Avjy, 24. 1930 mv‡ji gnvg›`vi ci †Kvb A_©bxwZi
15. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kivi ci m„ó Dc‡hv‡Mi gvBjdjK ïiæ nq?
Ilya I GKwU mvevb Avb‡Z| Bgivb Kx _vK‡Z n‡e?
evRv‡i wM‡q cY¨¸‡jvi `vg wR‡Ám K‡i K e¨wóK A_©bxwZi L mvgwóK A_©bxwZi
K e¨envwi g~j¨ L wewbgq g~j¨
eyS‡Z cvij GB cwigvY UvKvq me wRwbm M K…wl A_©bxwZi N bMi A_©bxwZi
M Avw_©K g~j¨ N cÖK…Z g~j¨ 25. †KvbwU ev` w`‡q cÖvß wbU my` wbY©q Kiv nq?
†Kbv m¤¢e bq| Z‡e meKwU cY¨B Zvi
cwiev‡i Kg-†ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y|©  DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I 17bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K miKvwi F‡Yi my` L mÂq
5. Bgivb †Kvb cY¨¸‡jv 500 UvKvq µq Ki‡e? wg. ÔKÕ G eQi Avjæi djb †ewk cvb wKš‘ M gybvdv Ki N †fvM e¨q
K †h cY¨¸‡jv Zvi cwiev‡ii Rb¨ †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vg Kg I ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMxi †`ŠivZ¥¨ †e‡o 26. K‡c©v‡iU gybvdvi †h Ask †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i
L †h cY¨¸‡jvi `vg LyeB m¯Ív hvIqvq Zvi Avjy `~ieZ©x MÖvg †_‡K †Rjv g‡a¨ eÈb Kiv nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
M †h cY¨¸‡jv Kg cQ‡›`i kn‡i G‡b wewµ K‡ib †ewk `v‡gi cÖZ¨vkvq| K AewÈZ K‡c©v‡iU gybvdv
N †h cY¨¸‡jv cwiev‡ii Rb¨ †gvUvgywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©16. DÏxc‡K wg. ÔKÕ-Gi Kv‡R Kx ai‡bi L wWwf‡W›U
6. cY¨ †Kbvi c~‡e© Bgivb‡K jÿ Ki‡Z Dc‡hvM m„wó n‡jv? M †cÖvcvBUv‡ii Avq
n‡e D”PZi `ÿZv K ¯’vbMZ L †mevMZ N K‡c©v‡iU gybvdv
i. Afv‡ei ¸iæ‡Z¡i cÖwZ M mgqMZ N i~cMZ 27. e¨emvwqK Av‡qi †h Ask wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨
ii. A‡_©i m‡e©vËg e¨env‡ii w`‡K 17. wg. ÔKÕ †Rjv kn‡i wewµ bv Ki‡j mÂqKvix‡K cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
iii. D³ UvKvq cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨ †Kbvi cÖwZ i. Zvi cY¨ Avjyi `vg Kg †c‡Zb K gybvdv L mæ`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. ga¨¯^Z‡¡ fvMxiv jvfevb n‡Zv M wewb‡qvM N gƒjab
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. mgqMZ Dc‡hv‡Mi Kvh©KvwiZv eyS‡Z cvi‡Zb 28. "The State Theory of Money" MÖš’wUi
7. †KvbwU ch©vqMZ Dc‡hvM? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †jLK †K?
K 1, 2, 3 K i I ii L i I iii K Sayers L G. F. Knapp
L I, II, III M Walker N Cole
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M msL¨vevPK cQ›`µg 29. aiv hvK, †Kv‡bv e¨w³ cuvP UvKv `v‡g GKwU
N cwigvYMZ Dc‡hvM  DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Kjg µq Kij| G‡ÿ‡Î cuvP UvKv Kx?
8. Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl nq Kxfv‡e? A_© bxwZwe`MY evRvi kã Øviv `ªe¨mvgMÖx K `ª‡e¨i `vg
K `vg Øviv L †fvM Øviv µq-weµ‡qi wbw`©ó ¯’vb‡K †evSvq bv, L `ª‡e¨i A_©g~j¨
M †hvMvb Øviv N Pvwn`v Øviv eis †Kv‡bv A‡ji mgMÖ‡K †evSvb, M wewbg‡qi gva¨g
9. †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i Dc‡hv‡Mi cwieZ©b N‡U hLb †hLv‡b †µZv I we‡µZvi Aeva ms‡hv‡Mi N `ª‡e¨i g~‡j¨i cwigvcK
i. †fv³vi iæwPi cwieZ©b nq gva¨‡g `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ mn‡R I `ªæZZvi mv‡_ 30. ¯’wMZ †jb‡`b ej‡Z †KvbwU wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q?
ii. †fv³vi Av‡qi cwieZ©b nq mgvb nIqvi cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq| K fwel¨r †`bv-cvIbv‡K
iii. †fv³vi Af¨v‡mi cwieZ©b nq 18. Aby‡”Q‡` DwjøwLZ evRvi m¤úwK©Z msÁvwU Kvi? L FY MÖnY Kiv‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K wmWwb P¨vcg¨vb L gvk©vj M g~j¨ ¯’vbvšÍi‡K
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M Kzb©U N wc¸ N Zvi‡j¨i gvb‡K
 55

mvZÿxiv miKvwi K‡jR

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. AcÖvPz‡h©i weÁvb wn‡m‡e A_©bxwZ‡K AwfwnZ  18. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †hvMvb w¯’i?
wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K‡ib †K? Q K Mvwo L evwo
K Aa¨vcK gvk©vj a M f~wg N †gvevBj
20
L Aa¨vcK Gj. iweÝ TP 19. wbZ¨ cÖ ‡qvRbxq `ª ‡e¨i Pvwn`v †Kvb ai‡bi?
M Aa¨vcK wc¸ K Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK
N A¨vWvg w¯§_ O 4 L, K L w¯’wZ¯’vcK (Ep > 1 )
Y Mg 9. a we›`y‡Z Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î APL I MPL M GKK w¯’wZ¯’vcK (Ep = 1)
25 A B F Gi gvb KZ? N Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK (Ep = )
20 K APL = 4, MPL < 0 20. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM
C L APL = 5, MPL = 0
10 †Kgb n‡e?
D
X avb M APL = 5, MPL < 0
O N APL = 20, MPL > 4 K e„w× cv‡e L n«vm cv‡e
10 20 25
10. cÖ`Ë wPÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi Drcv`b wb‡`©k K‡i? M w¯’i _vK‡e N µgvMZ e„w× cv‡e
2. Kvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
KA LE K ¯^íKvjxb 21. †Kvb evRv‡i GKwU dvg© ‡K Ô`vg MÖnxZvÕ
MF NK L Kªgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b ejv nq?
M `xN©Kvjxb K GK‡PwUqv L W–‡qvcwj
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
N Kªgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b M g‡bvcmwb N c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
A_©e¨e¯’v GKwU †`‡ki Rb¨ LyeB
22. AvKvi, AvqZb I cwiwai wfwˇZ evRvi
¸iæZ¡c~Y|© kÖwgK‡`i b¨vh¨ gRywi cÖ`vb, 11. dv‡g©i †Kvb †iLvi AvK…wZ mgcive„ËKvi nq?
K AVC L AFC M AC N MC KZ cÖKvi?
†kvlY, c~Y© wb‡qvM, ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v
K2 L3 M4 N5
Ab¨Zg f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i A_©e¨e¯’vi 12. GKwU Dš§y³ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Av‡qi
mgxKiY †KvbwU? 23. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i †Kvb †iLv‡K Pvwn`v
ˆewk‡ó¨i †ÿ‡Î| †iLv ejv nq?
KC+1
3. eske„w×i †ÿ‡Î 100 Miæi hvKvZ w`‡Z L C+I+G K AR L MR M AC N MC
n‡e KZwU? M C + I + G + (X  M) 24. evRvi fvimv‡g¨i ch©vß kZ© †KvbwU
K 1wU L 2wU N C + I + (X  M) i. Xvj MC > Xvj MR
M 3wU N 5wU 13. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU? ii. Xvj MC < Xvj MR
4. †ZBk eQ‡ii Kg© RxebB n‡jv  A_©e¨e¯’v| K S=YC L Y=C+1 iii. MC †iLv MR †iLv‡K wb‡Pi w`K n‡Z
K abZvwš¿K L cyuwRev`x M C = BY N C = a + by
†Q` K‡i
M wgkÖ N Bmjvwg  DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
5. Pvi ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq wb‡Pi †Kvb 2016 mv‡ji A I B †`‡ki A_©bxwZ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wel‡q mv`„k¨ †`Lv hvq? m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv 25. GKwU dvg© KLb A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i?
K m¤ú‡`i gvwjKvbv miKvwi wbU K TR < TC L TR > TC
L kÖwg‡Ki Ae¯’vb †`k †fvM wewb‡qvM RbmsL¨v M TR = TC N TR = TVC
e¨q ißvwb
M m¤ú‡`i Kvg¨ e¨envi A 1000 500 300 200 5.5 †KvwU
26. †KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy `ªv?
N `vg cÖwµqv K 2 UvKvi avZe gy ` ª v
B 120 700 300  5 †KvwU L 5 UvKvi †bvU
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 6 †_‡K 8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 0 200 M 10 UvKvi †bvU
kÖg g~jab †gvU Drcv`b 14. A I B †`‡ki GNP h_vµ‡g N 1000 UvKvi †bvU
1 10 5 K 1800, 1800 L 2000, 2000 27. AvšÍte¨vsK †`bv-cvIbvi wnmve m¤úbœ
2 10 12 M 2000, 1800 N 1800, 2000 K‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨vsK?
3 10 18 15. `æwU †`‡ki †ÿ‡Î K we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK L we‡`wk e¨vsK
4 10 20 i. A_© ‰ bwZK Ae¯’ v GKBiKg M evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N †K›`ªxq e¨vsK

5 10 20 ii. B †`‡ki A_© ‰ bwZK Ae¯’ v A †`‡ki 28. gæ`ª vi †hvMv‡bi Dcv`vb n‡jv
†P‡q fv‡jv i. RbM‡Yi nv‡Z gy`ªv
6 10 18
iii. B †`‡ki ißvwb Avg`vwbi †P‡q Kg ii. e¨vs‡K iwÿZ Pvwn`v AvgvbZ
6. DÏxc‡K †Kvb wewai K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. e¨vs‡K iwÿZ †gqvw` AvgvbZ
K gvÎvMZ Drcv`b K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L Drcv`b 16. cwic~iK `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLv Kxiƒc? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M cwieZ©bxq Drcv`b K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx 29. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i
N †Kv‡bvwUB bq L Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx i. e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b K‡i
7. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©e¨e¯’v KZRb kÖwgK wb‡q M j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj ii. wiRv‡f©i nvi cwieZ©b K‡i
Drcv`b Ki‡e? N f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj iii. miKvi‡K civgk© `v‡bi gva¨‡g
K3 L4 17. Pv‡ji `vg cÖwZ †KwR 50 UvKv †_‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M5 N6 †e‡o 55 UvKv nIqv‡Z Pv‡ji Pvwn`v 8 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
8. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq KZRb kÖwgK wb‡q GKK †_‡K K‡g 4 GKK nq| G‡ÿ‡Î 30. gy`ªvi †hvMvb m„wóKvix Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
Drcv`b Ki‡e? w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb KZ? K e¨w³ L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
K3 L4 M5 N6 K0 L1 M 2.5 N 5 M miKvi N wewb‡qvMKvix
 56

`vD` cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, h‡kvi

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU? 10. AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb FYvZ¥K 22. Avq †_‡K †fvM e¨q ev` w`‡j †KvbwU _v‡K?
K mvgvwRK Kj¨vY n‡j `ªe¨wU n‡e K †gvU Avq L †gvU e¨q
L †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv K cwic~iK L cwieZ©K M my‡hvM e¨q N mÂq
M gybvdv m‡e©v”PKiY M m¤úK©nxb N mgvšÍivj m¤úK© 23. †Kvb Dcv`vbwU Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z Abycw¯’Z?
N Drcv`b DcKi‡Yi ivóªxq gvwjKvbv 11. Q = f(L, K) A‡cÿKwU n‡jv K wbU ißvwb (Xn)
2. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Dcwiw¯’Z we›`y/ K Drcv`b Av‡cÿK L miKvwi e¨q (G)
†h‡Kv‡bv we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? L wewb‡qvM A‡cÿK M †fvM e¨q (C)
K †eKviZ¡ M e¨q A‡cÿK N wewb‡qvM e¨q (I)
L c~Y© wb‡qvM 24. mvaviYZ mvgwMÖK e¨q (AE) wmsnfvM Ask
N Avq Av‡cÿK
M A-AR©b‡hvM¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi?
12. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i dv‡g©i TR
N ¯^í Drcv`b K †fvM
†iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e?
3. Á†kÖwY‡kvlY Abycw¯’ZÓ †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vi K evg †_‡K Wv‡b EaŸ©Mvgx L wewb‡qvM
Ab¨Zg cÖavb ˆewkó¨? L evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx M miKvwi e¨q
K abZvwš¿K L mgvRZvwš¿K N wbU ißvwb g~j¨
M f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
M wgkÖ N Bmjvwg 25. gæ`ªvi cÖ_g I cÖavb KvR †KvbwU?
N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
4. Ôgvbyl evQvB Ki‡Z eva¨ nq e‡j A_©‰bwZK K m‡qi evnb
13. AFC I AVC-Gi mgwó‡K Kx ejv nq?
mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|Õ Dw³wU †K e‡j‡Qb? K AC L TVC L wewbg‡qi evnb
K wc. G. m¨vgy‡qjmb M TFC N MC M g~‡j¨i cwigvcK
L jW© †R. Gg. †KBbm 14. e¨q †KvbwUi Ici wbf©ikxj? N F‡Yi wfwË
M Avi. Gg. eevi K Avq L Drcv`b 26. Hw”QK gy`ªv †KvbwU?
N †ebnvg M DcKiY N wewb‡qvM K 10 UvKvi †bvU
5. A_©‰bwZK Ôwbe©vPbÕ ej‡Z †evSvq 15. TFC I TVC-Gi mgwó‡K Kx ejv nq? L 200 UvKvi †bvU
i. Afv‡ei ¸iæZ¡ wba©viY K AC L MC M mÂqcÎ
ii. m¤ú‡`i `ÿ e¨envi M TC N VC
N 500 UvKvi †bvU
iii. `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ wba©viY
16. g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v KZ?
27. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j ev cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K GKRb L `æBRb
K gæbvdv AR©b Kiv
K i I ii L i I iii M ¯^ímsL¨K N AmsL¨
L RbKj¨vY Kiv
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 17. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M bZzb †bvU Qvcv‡bv
K †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cY¨‡K
6. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v D™¢‡ei KviY n‡jv N AvgvbZ msMÖn Kiv
L †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯’vb‡K
i. m¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨Zv 28. gy`ªvi cÖavb KvR †KvbwU?
M †µZv we‡µZvi `iKlvKwl‡K
ii. Amxg Afve K m‡qi evnb/gy`ªv evRvi
N wbw`©ó `v‡g †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i µq-weµq Kvh©µg‡K
iii. wbe©vP‡bi mgm¨v L gƒ‡j¨i cwigvcK/AvgvbZ msMÖn
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 18. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR
M wewbg‡qi gva¨g/wbixÿY
K i I ii L i I iii nq, KviY
N F‡Yi wfwË
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K AmsL¨ †µZv
29. wewnZ gy`ªv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
7. †gvU Dc‡hvM hLb Kg‡Z _v‡K ZLb cÖvwšÍK L AmsL¨ we‡µZv
i. †h gy`ªvi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB
M `vg w¯’i
Dc‡hvM n‡e ii. hv miKvwi AvBb Øviv cwiPvwjZ
N `ªe¨ mgRvZxq
K m‡e©v”P L me©wb¤œ iii. hv mevB MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨
M k~b¨ N FYvZ¥K
19. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vg m„wóKvix (Price
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
maker) wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
8. ÔDc‡hvM n‡jv †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i †mB we‡kl K i I ii L ii I iii
K g‡bvcmwb L W–‡qvcwj
¸Y ev ÿgZv hv gvby‡li Afve c~iY M i I iii N i, ii I iii
M Awj‡Mvcwj N g‡bvcwj
Ki‡Z cv‡i|Õ †K e‡j‡Qb? 30. AbjvBb e¨vswKs n‡jv
20. †KvbwU evRv‡ii ˆewkó¨ bq?
K gvk©vj i. wbR Kg©¯’‡j e‡m B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi
K GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb
L †gqvm© K‡i GKvD›U †PK Kiv
L wba©vwiZ `vg
M wW. m¨vj‡fUi ii. GKwU e¨vs‡Ki †h‡Kv‡bv kvLvq †jb‡`b Kiv
M GK ev GKvwaK `ªe¨
N wc. G. m¨vgy‡qjmb iii. SyuwKi g‡a¨ bv †_‡K wnmve cwiPvjbv Kiv
N µq I weµq
9. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb FYvZ¥K nq †gvU Dc‡hvM 21. †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K ea©gvb L n«vmgvb K I=G L C=S K i I ii L i I iii
M w¯’i N k~b¨ M S=I N Xn = X + M M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 57

K¨v›Ub‡g›U K‡jR, Kzwgjøv

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. e¨wóK kãwUi Bs‡iwR 'Micro' kãwU G‡m‡Q 11. ¯^íKvjxb AC †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb? †`Iqv Av‡Q,
†Kvb kã †_‡K? K U AvK…wZi L V AvK…wZi M = 5000, V = 2, P = 25
K Micros L Mikro M Z AvK…wZi N L AvK…wZi  DÏxcKwU c‡o 22 I 23bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M Mickro N Mikros 12. †gvU Drcv`b hLb µgeZ©gvb nv‡i ev‡o ZLb 22. T = ?
2. ¯^qswµq g~j¨e¨e¯’v †Kvb A_©bxwZi cÖavb ˆewkó¨? i. Mo Drcv`b I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ev‡o K 100 L 400
K mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ ii. Mo Drcv`b K‡g I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ev‡o M 10,000 N 2,50,000
L cyuwRev`x A_©bxwZ iii. Mo Drcv`b †_‡K cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b 23. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvß †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY I
M Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ †ewk _v‡K A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ wVK †i‡L A_© mieivn
N wgkÖ A_©bxwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wظY Ki‡j
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K i I ii L i I iii i. A‡_©i g~j¨ wظY n‡e
Y M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. `vg¯Íi 50 n‡e
M
B
13. ¯^ íKv‡j Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡jI †h e¨q iii. Vm †iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx n‡e
Pvjy _v‡K, Zv‡K Kx e‡j? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A
K †gvU e¨q L w¯’i e¨q K i I ii L i I iii
O X
N M cwieZ©bxq e¨q N cÖvwšÍK e¨q M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
3. wPÎvbyhvqx †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e  DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
bq? 24. Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L A_©
KM LN MA NB
kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM †gvU Drcv`b mieivn (M) wظY n‡j †KvbwU NU‡e?
4. wP‡Î 'Y' `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j 'X' (GK‡K) (GK‡K) K gy`ªv ms‡KvPb n‡e L `vg¯Íi wظY n‡e
`ª‡e¨i Drcv`‡bi cwigvY KZ? 1 10 M A‡_©i g~j¨ evo‡e
K OM L ON M MN N OA 2 20 N A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ Kg‡e
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 5 I 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 3 30  DÏxcKwU c‡o 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
x `ª‡e¨i x `ª‡e¨i x `ª‡e¨i 4 40 AwgZ mv‡ne e¨emvi Rb¨ 1,00,000
`vg (Px) Pvwn`v (Qdx) †hvMvb (QSx) 14. DÏxc‡K Mo Drcv`b KZ? UvKv w`‡q GKwU †gwkb µq Ki‡jb|
1 UvKv 6 GKK 6 GKK K 10 L 20 †gwk‡bi Rb¨ Zvi ms¯’vb LiP n‡jv
M 30 N 40 12,000 UvKv| 25,000 UvKvi KuvPvgvj
2 UvKv 6 GKK 8 GKK 15. Mo Drcv`b (AP) I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µq K‡i wZwb Drcv`b kæiæ Ki‡jb|
5. X `ª‡e¨i †hvMv‡bi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ? (MP) †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡e 25. AwgZ mv‡n‡ei e¨en„Z PjwZ g~jab KZ?
K Es = 0 L Es < 1 K AP f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj I MP wb¤œMvgx K 2,000 L 25,000
M Es = 1 N Es > 1 L AP Da©Mvgx I MP wb¤œMvgx M 7,000 N 10,000
6. w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi wfwˇZ 'x' `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v M AP I MP f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 26. wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e me©Rb ¯^xK…Z I
Kxiƒc? N AP wb¤œMvgx I MP Da©Mvgx m‡e©vrK…ó gva¨g †KvbwU?
K w¯’wZ¯’vcK 16. we‡µZvi Aeva cÖ‡ek cÖ¯’v‡bi my‡hvM K ûwÛ L wewbgq wej
L Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK _v‡K bv †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i? M e¨vsK †PK N A_©
M m¤ú~Y© w¯’wZ¯’vcK K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
N m¤ú~Y© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK L GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK  DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
SI
7. †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM M GK‡PwUqv S
K Kg‡Z _vK‡e L k~b¨ n‡e N g‡bvcvwj D
150
M evo‡Z _vK‡e N w¯’i _vK‡e 17. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU? 100
C
L = 400
8. Pvwn`v †iLv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii KviY Kx? K1 L2 M3 N4 50
B
A
K `v‡gi cwieZ©b 18. ¯^íKv‡ji Rb¨ †KvbwU mZ¨? O
100 200 300 400
Avq = (Y)
K FC = 0 – 50 S
L Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb-cÖmviY
L TC = VC – 100
M Pvwn`v-wewa M TC = FC + VC
N Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× N AC +AVC 27. A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ Avq (y) n‡jv
K 100 L 200 M 300 N 400
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
28. Av‡qi cwieZ©‡b †Kvb ai‡bi wewbg‡qi
weµq (Q) †gvU Avq (TR) `ª‡e¨i GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM cwieZ©b nq bv?
1 5 K †gvU wewb‡qvM L wbU wewb‡qvM
1 15 15
2 10 M ¯^q¤¢‚Z wewb‡qvM N cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM
2 ? 7 29. Ave× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?
3 15
3 27 5 K Y=C
9. DÏxcKwU †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? L Y=C+1
K GK‡PwUqv L c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv 4 27 ? M Y=C+1+G
M Awj‡Mvcwj N g‡bvcwj 19. m~wP‡Z k~b¨¯’v‡b †gvU Dc‡hvM KZ? N Y = C + 1 + G (X  M)
10. DÏxcK Abyhvqx K 20 L 22 M 24 N 26 30. ivwKe mv‡n‡ei gvwmK †eZb 20,100 UvKv
i. `vg w¯’i 20. m~wP Abyhvqx k~b¨ ¯’v‡b cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 46,970 UvKv nq Ges
ii. TR = MR gvb KZ? †fv‡Mi Rb¨ Zuvi gvwmK LiP 15,000 UvKv
iii. AR = P K1 L2 M0 N3 †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 20,000 UvKv nq| Zvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 21. Aviwfs wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡, A‡_©i Pvwn`v †KvbwU? eZ©gvb m‡qi cwigvY KZ?
K i I ii L i I iii K MV L PT K 5,000 L 5,100
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii MM NT M 26,870 N 26,970
 58

e„›`veb miKvwi K‡jR, nweMÄ

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. K‡R© nvmvbv Kx? 11. ATM-Gi c~Yi© ƒc Kx?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K `wi`ª‡`i hvKvZ †`Iqv K Automatic Teller Machine Q P MR AR
L Ace¨‡qi wb›`v Ávcb L Automatic Transaction Machine 1 5 5 5
M mywePvi cÖwZôv M Automated Teller Machine 2 4 3 ?
N Automated Telling Machine
N Amnvq‡`i webv my‡` FY cÖ`vb 3 3 1 ?
2. ÔKÕ †`k n‡jv †K›`ªxq cwiKíbvwfwËK †`k| 12. me‡P‡q Zij m¤ú` †KvbwU? 21. DÏxc‡Ki Ô?Õ wP‡ýi N‡i KZ em‡e?
K Rwg L evwoNi K 3, 1 L 4, 3
†`kwU‡Z m¤ú‡`i gvwjK †K?
K RbMY M hš¿ c vwZ N A_© M 8, 9 N 3, 2
L miKvi 13. Hw”QK gy`ªv n‡jv 22. DÏxcK Øviv †Kvb evRvi‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q?
i. †PK K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
M Avgjviv
e¨vsK Wª v dU L g‡bvcmwb
N †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv Kwgkb ii.
iii. mÂq cÎ M g‡bvcwj
 DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : N GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M
C K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
23. Drcv`‡bi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU gbyl¨m„ó?
Y1 K f~wg L kÖg
Y `ªe¨

E D  DÏxcKwU jÿ K‡i 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi M g~jab N D‡`¨v³v

Y2
DËi `vI :  DÏxcKwU c‡o 24 I 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
N Y MC AC
O X1 X2 X `ªe¨
X f(L, K) = 0.5Q †hLv‡b, L I K h_vµ‡g
Avq/e¨q

3. DÏxc‡K X `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b X2N cwigvY 120

A AVC kÖ g I g~jab|
e„w×i my‡hvM e¨q Y `ª‡e¨i 80
B
P = AR = MR
24. DÏxcK Øviv †Kvb A‡cÿK‡K wb‡`©k
K MY1 cwigvY n«vm L Y1Y2 cwigvY n«vm 40
Kiv n‡q‡Q?
C
K Avq A‡cÿK
M Y2O cwigvY n«vm N Y1O cwigvY n«vm O 20 Drcv`b L e¨q A‡cÿK
4. DÏxc‡Ki E we›`y‡Z M Drcv`b A‡cÿK
14. DÏxc‡K dv‡g©i †gvU e¨q KZ?
i. A`ÿ Drcv`b wb‡`©k K‡i N Dc‡hvM A‡cÿK
K 1600 L 800
ii. m¤ú‡`i c~Y© wb‡qvM wb‡`©k K‡i M 1200 N 2400 25. DÏxcK n‡Z ejv hvq Bnv
iii. †eKviZ¡ we`¨gvb
15. 'AVC' B we›`y‡Z n‡j dvg©wU i. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i cÖvwšÍK Avq wb‡`©k K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K Drcv`b Ki‡e ii. µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wb‡`©k K‡i
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wb‡`©k K‡i
L Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i, bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i
5. `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwigvY k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM M Drcv`b Ki‡e bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K k~b¨ nq L abvZ¥K nq Ki L ii M iii N ii I iii
N ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡e
M m‡e©v”P nq N w¯’i _v‡K 26. †gvU w¯’i e¨q †iLvi (TFC) ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
6. KLb µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa  DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I 17bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq
Kvh©Ki nq bv? wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) 20,00 ii. kyay ¯^íKv‡j cÖ‡hvR¨
K `ªe¨wU ¯^vfvweK n‡j gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) 5 iii. Xvj Amxg nq
L †fvMK…Z `ª‡e¨i Dc‡hvM ¯^vaxb n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mgq e¨eavb we‡ePbv Ki‡j
†jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) 200
K ii I iii L i I ii
N A‡_©i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM w¯’i _vK‡j 16. DwjøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ `vg¯Íi (P) KZ n‡e? M i, ii I iii N i I iii
7. 'The general theory of Employment, K 50 L 40 27. wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq?
Interest and Mony' MÖš’wUi †jLK †K? M 20 N 25 K TR L SAC M MR N TC
K Rb †gbvW© †KBbm 17. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq 28. †Kvb evRv‡i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©K `ªe¨ _v‡K bv?
L A¨vWvg w¯§_ i. P e„w× †c‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cv‡e K GK‡PwUqv
M Avj‡d«W gvk©vj ii. P e„w× †c‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cv‡e L W–‡qvcwj
N G. wm. wc¸ iii. M e„w× †c‡j `vg¯Íi e„w× cv‡e M GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
8. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb AÁvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N Awj‡Mvcwj
_v‡K Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  DÏxcKwU 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K PjK L civwgwZ 18. n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv Kx‡mi AšÍf³ ©y nq? P Pvwn`v ˆiLv
M aª–eK N mnM K PjwZ Avq L e¨qZe¨ Avq
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M e¨w³MZ Avq N gæbvdv
10
†`qv Av‡Q, C = 100 + 0.6Y, I = 80 Ges 19. wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨qwU Dš§y³ A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? Q
O
G = 70. K †fvM e¨q
9. fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq KZ? L miKvwi e¨q 29. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Pvwn`v †iLvi mgxKiY
K 600 L 416
M wewb‡qvM e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
M 625 N 250 K Q = 10  P L Q = 10  2P
N wbU ißvwb M PQ = 10 N Q = 10P
10. DÏxcK n‡Z ejv hvq
i. ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM 100 20. mvgwMÖK Av‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj 30. DwjøwLZ Pvwn`v †iLvi †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq †iLvwU
ii. MPS = 0.4 i. †fvM i. mgcive„ËvKvi Pvwn`v †iLv
iii. wewb‡qvM e„w× †c‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq ii. mÂq ii. mKj we›`y‡Z `vg Ges Pvwn`vi cwigvY mgvb
Avq n«vm cv‡e| iii. wewb‡qvM iii. mKj we›`y‡Z Xvj w¯’i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Ki L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
 59

kÖxg½j miKvwi K‡jR, †gŠjfxevRvi

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. P = AR > MR Kx ai‡bi evRvi wb‡`©k K‡i? 11. Kx‡mi gva¨‡g Afve c~iY nq? 21. CU + DD = ?
K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK K Pvwn`v L †hvMvb K MS L SS
L GK‡PwUqv M TD N SD
M †fvM N Drcv`b
M Wy‡qvcwj
22. ivRkvnxi Avg wm‡j‡U wb‡q Avm‡j Kx
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 12 I 13bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó nq?
N Awj‡Mvcwj
Q = 20  0.2P
2. GKRb we‡µZv mvaviYfv‡e Price Maker. K KvjMZ
12. A‡cÿ‡Ki Xvj KZ?
G wee„wZwU †Kvb cÖKvi evRv‡ii mv‡_ cÖ‡hvR¨? L ¯’vbMZ
1
K+2 L M gvwjKvbv Dc‡hvM
K g‡bvcwj 5
L Wy‡qvcwj 1 N KvjMZ Dc‡hvM
M 20 N
5 1
M Awj‡Mvcwj 23. C = 10 + 2Y GLv‡b MPS-Gi gvb KZ?
N c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
13. cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK †_‡K Aw¼Z †iLv †Kgb n‡e?
K evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx 1 3
3. GKwU `ª‡e¨i `vg 200 UvKv n‡Z e„w× K L
L evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx 4 4
†c‡q 400 UvKv nIqv‡Z `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`vi
cwigvY 50 GKK n‡Z 100 GKK e„w× M f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 3 1
M N
N j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 5 2
†c‡q IB `ªe¨wUi g~j¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
14. wb‡Pi †Kvb cY¨wUi Pvwn`v Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK? 1
K Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv 24. S = 10 + 5Y GLv‡b MPC-Gi gvb KZ?
L c~Y© w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv K wUwf L Mvwo
K 0.5 L 0.70
M GKK w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv M gvQ N jeY
M 0.75 N 0.80
N Ac~Y© w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv 15. mgv‡R gh©v`v e„w× cvq †Kvb `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g? 25. AvqZ‡bi wfwˇZ evRvi KZ cÖKvi?
4. mxgve× m¤ú‡`i †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj †Kgb K wM‡db
K3 L4
n‡e? L †fe‡jb `ªe¨
M5 N6
K Amxg L k~b¨ M gvQ
26. GKK †µZvievRvi †KvbwU?
M abvZ¥K N FYvZ¥K N cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨
K g‡bvcwj
5. TFC I TVC-Gi mgwó‡K Kx ejv nq? 16. †h nv‡i Drcv`‡bi DcKiY evov‡bv nq L g‡bvcmwb
K AC L MC †m nvi A‡cÿv Drcv`b Kgnv‡i evo‡j
M TC N VC M Awj‡Mvcwj
Zv‡K Kx e‡j? N GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
6. dv‡g©i fvimv‡g¨i cÖ_g/cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU?
dTR dTC K µgea©gvb
K d =  =0  wb‡Pi mviwY †_‡K 27 I 28bs cÖ‡kœi
dQ dQ L µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ wewa
dTR dTC DËi `vI :
L d = + =0 M w¯’igvÎvMZ
dQ dQ `ª‡e¨i GKK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (UvKv)
N mgDrcv`b wewa
dTR dTC
M d >  1 5000
dQ dQ  DÏxcKwU c‡o 17 I 18bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
dTR dTC M = 4000, V = 5, P = 50 2 3000
N d < 
dQ dQ
17. T = ? 3 0000
7. †h evRv‡i `yBR‡bi †ewk wKš‘ Aí K 300 L 400
K‡qKRb we‡µZv _v‡K? 4  1000
M 500 N 1000
K gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZ 27. †gvU Dc‡hvM KZ?
18. DÏxcK †_‡K Vm Gi gvb KZ?
L Ave× A_©bxwZ
K 0.20 L 0.02 K 5000 L 7000
M GK‡PwUqv evRvi
M 0.025 N 0.25 M 8000 N 9000
N Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi
19. Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi m~Î (X 28. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q?
8. Mo e¨q (AC) = cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) n‡e hLb K cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
I Y `ywU `ª‡e¨i we‡ePbvq)
K AC †iLv wb¤œMvgx
Q Y Q P L µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
L MC †iLv wb¤œMvgx K . L .
P Q Y Q M mgcÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
M AC me©wb¤œ
M
Qx Py
. N
P Q
. N µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
N MC me©wb¤œ Py Qx Q P
29. A‡_©i †gŠwjK KvR KqwU?
9. GKwU `ª‡e¨i Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb 20. hw` Pvwn`v A‡cÿK  = 30  1p Ges
d
2 K 2wU L 3wU
†b‡MwUf n‡j `ªe¨wU
7 M 4wU N 5wU
K Inferior L Superior †hvMvb A‡cÿK s = – 6 + 2p nq Zv‡nj
M Normal N Complements 30. Pvwn`vi GKK w¯’ w Z¯’vcKZvi †ÿ‡Î
fvimvg¨ cwigvY KZ? w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb KZ?
10. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Dc‡hvM †bB?
K4 L6 K =0 L =1
K Lv`¨ L e¯¿
M †fvM N `~lY M 25.5 N 20 M = N >1
 60

knx` ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg K‡jR, gqgbwmsn

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. A_©bxwZ‡K ÔKj¨v‡Yi weÁvbÕ e‡j‡Qb †K? 11. kÖg n‡jv Drcv`‡bi 19. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î dv‡g©i †gvU Avq KZ?
K A¨vWvg w¯§_ L Avj‡d«W gvk©vj i. RxešÍ DcKiY K 150 L 600
M Gj. iweÝ N A¼vi j¨vÄ M 300 N 450
ii. MwZkxj DcKiY
2. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v D™¢‡ei KviY Kx? 20. DÏxcK Abymv‡i KZ `v‡g dvg© Drcv`b
iii. wbw®µq DcKiY
i. m¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨Zv eÜ K‡i w`‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K P = 20 L P > 10
ii. Amxg Afve K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii M P = 15 N P < 10
iii. wbe©vP‡bi mgm¨v
 wb‡Pi wPÎwU †`‡L 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi 21. †Kvb A_©bxwZ‡Z GNP I GDP me©`v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? mgvb nq?
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
DËi `vI :
TP K cyuwRev`x A_©bxwZ
3. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Xvj‡K Kx ejv nq? L wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ‡Z
a
K MRTS L MRST
M MRPT N MRTP TP M †Lvjv A_©bxwZ‡Z
b N e× A_©bxwZ‡Z
4. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡jv
i. `vg¯Íi O AP L
22. †fvM mgxKiY C = a + by n‡j MPS KZ?
10 Ka Lb
ii. †eKviZ¡ 12. a we›`y‡Z Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î APL I MPL M (l  a) N (l  b)
iii. my‡`i nvi Gi gvb KZ? 23. CCA Gi c~Yi© ƒc Kx?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K APL = 10, MPL = 0 K Cansumption Capital Assumed
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii L APL = 5, MPL = 0 L Capital Consumption Allowance
5. kÖ‡gi D”Pgh©v`v †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vq? M APL = 0, MPL = 5 M Cost of Capital in Average
K abZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’v N APL = 5, MPL > 0 N Current Capital Allowance
L mgvRZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’v 13. Dc‡ii wP‡Î b we›`y‡Z Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 24 I 25
M wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’v i. AP = MP bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
N Bmjvwg A_©e¨e¯’v ii. MP n«vmgvb GKwU †`‡ki wbU RvZxq Drcv`b 1200
6. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv iii. AP < MP †KvwU UvKv, g~ja‡bi ÿqÿwZ c~iYRwbZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? e¨q 300 †KvwU UvKv, ißvwb Avq 200 †KvwU
i. k‡Li `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii UvKv Ges Avg`vwb e¨q 100 †KvwU UvKv|
ii. †bkvRvZxq `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î
14. `xN©Kv‡j Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU _v‡K bv? 24. †`kwUi †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b KZ?
iii. wM‡db `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î
K AFC L AVC M TVC N TC K 1200 †KvwU L 900 †KvwU
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 15. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Q = f (L,K) n‡j wb‡Pi M 1600 †KvwU N 1500 †KvwU
7. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i `ª‡e¨i †hvMvb †iLv †KvbwU mwVK? 25. wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡Z© GNP = GDP n‡e
Kx AvK…wZi nq? K gvÎvMZ Dcv`vb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡e i. Avg`vwb e¨q 100 evo‡j
K evg †_‡K Wv‡b DaŸ©Mvgx L `xN©Kvjxb mgq we‡eP¨ ii. ißvwb Avq 100 Kg‡j
L evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx M cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki n‡e iii. Avg`vwb I ißvwb k~b¨ (0) n‡j
M j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N kÖg w¯’i Ges g~jab cwieZ©bkxj DcKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 16. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î K i I ii L ii I iii
 wb‡Pi wPÎwU †`‡L 8 I 9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M i I iii N i, ii I iii
P i. P = AR 26. `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡j¨i m¤úK© Kx?
D S
S1
ii. AR = MR K abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K
iii. AR > MR M m¤úK©nxb N mggyLx
S
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 27. evsjv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ e¨vsK †bvU KqwU?
D
O
S1 D.S K i I ii L i I iii K 7wU L 5wU M 8wU N 6wU
8. wP‡Îi †hvMvb †iLv SS †_‡K S1S1 Gi M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 28. wdkvi mgxKi‡Y PT Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv nq?
cwieZ©‡bi KviY 17. Ôgywó‡gq we‡µZvi evRviÕ wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K K `vg¯Íi
K †hvMvb n«vm ejv nq? L A‡_©i Pvwn`v
L †hvMv‡bi e„w× K g‡bvcwj L Wz‡qvcwj M A‡_©i †hvMvb
M †hvMv‡bi ms‡KvPb M Awj‡Mvcwj N g‡bvcmwb N †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY
N †hvMv‡bi cÖmviY 18. mgRvZxq `ªe¨ Drcv`bKvix mKj cÖwZôv‡bi 29. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY m„Rb cÖwµqvq
9. DÏxc‡Ki †hvMvb †iLv cwieZ©‡bi KviY GK‡Î Kx e‡j? RwoZ _v‡K
n‡Z cv‡i K cøv›U L dvg© i. cÖK…Z AvgvbZ
i. AbyK‚j AvenvIqv M wkí N Askx`vwi Kvievi ii. m„ó AvgvbZ
ii. fZz©wK cÖ`vb  wb‡Pi wPÎwU †`‡L 19 I 20 bs cÖ‡kœi iii. PjwZ AvgvbZ
iii. Ki Av‡ivc DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? P, C, R K i I ii L ii I iii
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii MC AC M i I iii N i, ii I iii
10. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb GKB nv‡i evo‡j 20
h AVC
30. wb‡Pi †Kvb mgxKiYwU mwVK?
K fvimvg¨ `vg K‡g cwigvY ev‡o 15
g
K DD = Ms + (Cu + TD)
f
L fvimvg¨ `vg ev‡o cwigvY K‡g 10
AR
L DD = Ms  (Cu + TD)
e
M fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY DfqB ev‡o MR
M DD = Ms + (Cu  TD)
N fvimvg¨ `vg w¯’i _v‡K wKš‘ cwigvY ev‡o O
Q N DD = Ms  (Cu  TD)
30
 61

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷

 62

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 1 welq ˆKvW 1 0 9

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
Y
1 6 `vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY
g~jab
A 2 10
12
B 1 20
10
Q0 K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1
O X L. Ki I fzZw© K †hvMvb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2
4 10
kÖg M. DÏxcK n‡Z Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki| 3
K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? 1 N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj I w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wK GKB?
L. e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ci¯úi cwic~iK e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 gZvgZ `vI| 4
M. DÏxc‡K †h A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi K_v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q Zv 7  Qd = 20  2p †hLv‡b Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
Qs = – 5 + 3p Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY
N. DÏxc‡K A I B we›`yi g‡a¨ †Kvb we›`ywU wbe©vPb Kiv
P = `vg
evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ hyw³hy³? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
2  wb‡Pi Z_¨mg~‡ni Av‡jv‡K cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi `vI| K. Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kx? 1
¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v L. †fe‡jb `Ö‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi m¤úK© Kxiƒc
wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
evqZzj gvj ÔKÕ †`k K‡R© nvmvbvi cÖeZ©b M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. †hvMvb w¯’i †_‡K fvimvg¨ `vg 4 n‡j †iLvwP‡Î Kxiƒc
mæ`, Nyl I gRyZ`vwi wbwl× cwieZ©b n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? 4
†kÖwY‡kvlY Abycw¯’Z 8  Av°vm GKRb mewR we‡µZv| †m Zvi cÖwZw`‡bi Avq †_‡K wKQy
UvKv mÂq Ki‡Z Pvq| G UvKv Rgv Kivi Rb¨ †m 'A' e¨vs‡K hvq|
Pvwn`vi Ici wbqš¿Y ÔLÕ †`k gæ`ªvùxwZi Abycw¯’wZ †mLv‡b †m Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h, D³ e¨vsK †Kv‡bv e¨w³i UvKv Rgv
iv‡L bv, Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki UvKv Rgv iv‡L| Zvici †h 'B' e¨vs‡K
†eKvi‡Z¡i Abycw¯’wZ †M‡j †mLv‡b GKwU wnmve Lyj‡Z cv‡i| D³ e¨vsK mvaviY
K. wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’v Kv‡K e‡j? 1 RbM‡Yi A_© AvgvbZ wnmv‡e Rgv iv‡L Ges wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i Zv
L. †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vq c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi aviYv Abycw¯’Z? e¨vL¨v FY wnmv‡e cÖ`vb K‡i|
Ki| 2 K. †gvevBj e¨vswKs Kx? 1
M. ÔKÕ †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v Kx‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
N. ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ Dfq A_©e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ `vg wba©viY cÖwµqv wK M. 'B' †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK-Gi Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
GKB? we‡kølY Ki| 4 N. 'A' e¨vsK 'B' e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zzwg wK G
3  'X' I 'Y' `ywU cY¨| 'X' cY¨wUi evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ we‡µZv|
Aciw`‡K, `Y' c‡Y¨i evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv we‡µZvi mgvMg wel‡q GKgZ? we‡kølY Ki| 4
i‡q‡Q Ges mgRvZxq `Öe¨ Drcv`b I weµ‡q cÖwZ‡hvMxiv Aev‡a 9  GKwU †`‡k
cÖ‡ek I cÖ¯’v‡bi my‡hvM cvq| wewnZ gy`Övi cwigvY (M) = 500
K. AwZ¯^íKvjxb evRvi Kx? 1 e¨vsK m„ó gy`Övi cwigvY (M) = 400
L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Dfq evRv‡i wK Dfq gy`Övi cÖPjb MwZ (V. V) = 5
AR=MR nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 25
M. 'X' c‡Y¨i evRviwU †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 K. wewnZ gy`Öv Kx? 1
N. 'Y' c‡Y¨i evRv‡i AwZwi³ gybvdv AR©‡bi welqwU wPÎ L. wiRv‡f©i nvi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e FY
mnKv‡i we‡kølY Ki| 4 wbqš¿Y K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
4  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki :
P, C, R MC M. DÏxcK Abymv‡i `vg¯Íi wbY©q K‡i| 3
AC
f N. †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi gvb wظY n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K n‡e Zv
25
20
a
b
DÏxcK Abymv‡i we‡kølY Ki| 4
15
10
AR 10  †`Iqv Av‡Q †fvM A‡cÿK : C = 50 + .5Y
5 c
MR K. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq Kx? 1
(Q)
O 25 50 L. GDP I GNP-Gi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki| 2
K. dvg© Kx? 1 M. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKi‡Y RvZxq Av‡qi (Y) wewfbœ cwigvY
L. g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i we‡µZvi ¯^vaxbZv bvB e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 †`wL‡q GKwU †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 N. DÏxcK n‡Z RvZxq Av‡qi (Y) wewfbœ ¯Í‡i m‡qi cwigvY
N. AC †iLvi me©wb¤œ we›`y hw` g nq Z‡e dvg©wUi fvimvg¨ Ae¯’v
wbY©q K‡i mÂq †iLv A¼b Kiv wK m¤¢e? gZvgZ `vI| 4
we‡kølY Ki| 4
11  wb‡P GKwU Lvgv‡ii Drcv`‡bi Z_¨ †`Iqv n‡jv :
5  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
`Ö‡e¨i `vg (P) : 50 40 30 20 10 kÖg I g~jab (Rb I UvKv) (1 I 5000) (2 I 5000) (3 I 5000) (4 I 5000)
weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) GKK : 1 2 3 4 5 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (gY) 12 10 8 6

K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kx? 1 K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1

L. ¯^íKv‡j Mo e¨q †iLv 'U' AvK…wZi nq †Kb? 2 L. g~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Avq m~wP ˆZwi Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Lvgv‡ii †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. m~wP n‡Z Aw¼Z Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv †Kvb evRv‡ii N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewawU Kx Ges G wewawU †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î
mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©? we‡kølY Ki| 4 cÖ‡hvR¨? we‡kølY Ki| 4
 63

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 2

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : 6  wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
Q
A_©e¨e¯’v AR, MR, Y MC
AC, MC, P E
A†`k B †`k P0 AR = MR = P
P1
gybvdvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Drcv`b, ivóªxq gvwjKvbv, †K›`ªxq F

e¨w³gvwjKvbv, kÖwgK †kvlY, cwiKíbv, mylg Dbœqb, kÖwgK

¯^qswµq `vg e¨e¯’v, †fv³v I †kvlY †bB, Drcv`b I O
Q1
X

Drcv`‡Ki ¯^vaxbZv †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv †bB Drcv`b (Q)

K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx? 1 K. A¯^vfvweK gybvdv Kx? 1
L. my‡hvM e¨q aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki? 2 L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i AR = MR = P †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki A †`‡k †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb? A †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wba©viY cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
ˆewk󨸇jv Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 N. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Avq (TR) †gvU e¨q (TC) I gybvdv () wbY©q
Ki Ges gybvdvi Dci gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
N. A I B †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨i Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki
7 wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewk󨸇jv Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 Y
AR, MR,
2 wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : AC, MC, P MC
AC
110 G
`vg (P) Pvwn`v (D) †hvMvb (S) 100
F
2 UvKv 10 GKK 6 GKK E
AR
MR
4 UvKv 8 GKK 8 GKK O X
6000
Drcv`b Q
6 UvKv 6 GKK 10 GKK
K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kx? 1
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 L. evRvi fvimv‡g¨i kZ©¸‡jv Kx Kx? 2
L. cwieZ©K I cwic~iK `ª‡e¨i aviYv `vI| 2 M. DÏxcK n‡Z GK‡PwUqv dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
M. Pvwn`vi wba©viK¸‡jv Kx Kx? DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b N. DÏxc‡Ki dv‡g©i †gvU Avq (TR) †gvU e¨q (TC) I ÿwZi cwigvY
Ki Ges Ges e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 wbY©q Ki| 4
N. †hvMvb †iLv DaŸ©Mvgx nq †Kb? DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU †hvMvb †iLv 8  2023 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k avb 100 gY, Avjy 80 gY, wcuqvR 60 gY, mwilv 20
A¼b Ki Ges e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 gY Drcv`b n‡q‡Q| G mgq G `ª‡e¨¸‡jvi cÖwZ g‡Yi `vg h_vµ‡g 1200,
1600, 3500, 1400, 3200 UvKv| G mgq g~ja‡bi ÿqÿwZ RwbZ e¨q n‡q‡Q
3 wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z cÖkœ¸‡ji DËi `vI| 15000 UvKv| Avevi GKB mg‡q †gvU gRywi (w) 1300 †KvwU, †gvU LvRbv
Qd = 10  P (Pvwn`v A‡cÿK) (r) 350 †KvwU, †gvU my` (i)630 †KvwU Ges †gvU gybvdv (p) 170 †KvwU
Qs = 2  2P  (†hvMvb A‡cÿK) UvKv| G mgq ÿqÿwZ RwbZ e¨q (DC) nq 23 †KvwU UvKv|
K. fvimvg¨ Kx? 1 K. e¨w³MZ Avq (PI) Kx? 1
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM (TU) I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (MU) aviYv `vI| 2 L. †gvU RvZxq Avq (GNI) I wbU RvZxq Avq (NNI) Kx? 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wba©viY Ki| 3 M. DÏxcK n‡Z Avq c×wZ‡Z †gvU RvZxq Avq (GNI) I bxU RvZxq
N. fvimvg¨ `vg 3 UvKv I 5 UvKv n‡j evRv‡i fvimv‡g¨i Ici Kxiƒc Avq (NNI) wbY©q Ki| 3
cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. DÏxcK n‡Z Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) I wbU
†`kR Drcv`b (NDP) wbY©q Ki| 4
4 wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
9  2022 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k wbU †fvM e¨q (C) 17000 †KvwU UvKv, wewb‡qvM
Drcv`b (Q) †gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q (TVC) eq (I) 1200 †KvwU, †gvU miKvwi e¨q (G) 800 †KvwU UvKv, †gvU ißvwb (X)
1 GKK 15 UvKv 5 UvKv 760 †KvwU UvKv, †gvU Avg`vwb (M) 930 †KvwU UvKv| G mgq g~ja‡bi
2 GKK 15 UvKv 11 UvKv ÿqÿwZ RwbZ e¨q (CCA) 315 †KvwU UvKv|
K. gv_vwcQz Avq Kx? 1
3 GKK 15 UvKv 15 UvKv L. †gvU RvZxq Avq (GNI) I †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2
4 GKK 15 UvKv 33 UvKv M. DÏxcK n‡Z GNI I NNI wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxcK n‡Z GDP I NDP wbY©q Ki| 4
5 GKK 15 UvKv 60 UvKv
10  g‡b Ki 2021 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k wewnZ gy`ªv (M) = 1000, e¨vsK gy`ªv (M') =
K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 500, wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjbMwZ (V) = 10, e¨vsK gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V') = 5,
L. ¯^íKvjxb I `xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 2 Drcv`b ev †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 100.
M. DÏxcK n‡Z TC wbY©q Ki Ges TC †iLv A¼b K‡i e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 K. gy`ªv Kx? 1
N. DÏxcK n‡Z AC wbY©q Ki Ges AC †iLv A¼b K‡i e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 L. gy`ªvi g~j¨ (Vm) I `vg¯Íi (P)-Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kx? 2
5 wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi `vI : M. DÏxcK n‡Z 2021 mv‡ji `vg¯Íi (P) wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki V,V' I T w¯’i †_‡K M = 2000 I M' = 1000 n‡j `vg¯Íi
mswgkÖY (P) f‚wg kÖg I g~jab †gvU Drcv`b (TP) KZ n‡e? `vgšÍi wbY©q K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
A 1 GKi 100 GKi 40 GKK 11  'S' e¨vsK RbM‡Yi wbKU n‡Z AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Ges RbMY‡K FY cÖ`vb
B 1 GKi 200 GKi 70 GKK K‡i| 'S' e¨vsKwU †`‡ki e¨emvq evwYR¨i Dbœqb I MwZkxjKi‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f‚wgKv cvjbK‡i| Ab¨w`‡K 'B' e¨vsK RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †jb‡`b K‡i bv wKš‘
C 1 GKi 300 GKi 90 GKK miKvii e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| 'B' e¨vsKwU †`‡ki e¨vsK e¨e¯’v
D 1 GKi 400 GKi 100 GKK wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbv K‡i| G e¨vsKwU Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y I
†jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i|
K. †gvU Avq (TR) Kx? 1
K. e¨vsK Kx? 1
L. ¯^íKv‡j Mo e¨q (AC) †iLv 'U' AvK…wZi nq †Kb? 2 L. †gvevBj e¨vsK wK? 2
M. DÏxc‡K Drcv`‡bi †h wewawU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki 'S' e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Drcv`b wewawU †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î †ewk Kvh©Ki? e¨vL¨ Kvi| 4 N. DÏxc‡Ki 'B' e¨vsK wKfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4
63
 64

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 3

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  wb‡P `ywU `ªe¨ X I Y-Gi Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP †`Iqv n‡jv | Zvi wfwˇZ K. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
wb‡Pi cÖkœ ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: L. Ôg‡bvcmwb evRv‡i we‡µZvi ¯^vaxbZv †bBÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
mswgkÖY X `ªe¨ Y `ªe¨ M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
A 0 100 N. dvg©wUi hw` 200 UvKv †jvKmvb nq Z‡e AC †iLvi Kxiƒc
B 20 90 cwieZ©b n‡e? mwPÎ we‡kølY Ki| 4
C 40 60 7  PÆMÖvg †Rjvi AšÍMZ© ÔmxZvKzÐÕ evRviwU evavKwci Rb¨ weL¨vZ | GjvKvi
D 60 0 A‡bK K…lK cwievi evavKwc Pv‡li mv‡_ RwoZ| G evRv‡i evavKwci `vg
K. A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Kx? 1 w¯’i _vK‡jI gv‡S g‡a¨ Drcv`b e¨‡q cwieZ©b nq| wP‡Î AC G GjvKvi
L. ¯^qswµq `vg e¨e¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 GKwU dv‡g©i cÖv_wgK Mo e¨q †iLv | wW‡m¤^‡i e„wó nIqvq cvwb‡Z
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡j dvg©wUi Mo e¨q †iLv nq AC1|
N. hw` Drcv`K 20 GKK 'X' `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ 150 GKK 'Y' `ªe¨ Drcv`b TRTC AC1
Ki‡Z Pvq,Zv wK †Zvgvi `„wó‡Z †hŠw³K n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 MC
2  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: f AC
P D
a
(`vg) P

3 P0 AR = MR
b e
2
1 D O
X (q) Drcv`b
O 2 4 6 K. ¯^íKvjxb evRvi Kx? 1
K. †iLvi Xvj Kx? 1 L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dvg©‡K Ô`vgMÖnxZvÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2
L. KvMR I Kjg G `ywU `ª‡e¨i m¤úK© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq dv‡g©i Drcv`b I gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
M. X `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 3 N. Mo LiP ACı Ae¯’vq dvg©wUi Drcv`b I gybvdvi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q K‡i `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 n‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
3  Qd = 16  4P, Qs =  2 + 2P †hLv‡b, Qd = Pvwn`v, Qs = †hvMvb Ges P = `vg
8  GKwU RvZxq Avq g‡Wj wb¤œiƒc:
K. civwgwZ Kx? 1 Y= C+ I + G, I = 30, G = 70, C = 50 + 0.8Y
L. Pv‡qi `vg evo‡j Kwdi Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡Z K. cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM¨ e¨q Kx? 1
cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. cÖevmx‡`i Avq GDP-†Z AšÍf³ ©y nqbv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. `vg hLb 4 UvKv nq ZLb evRvi fvimv‡g¨i Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve
co‡Z cv‡i? Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. miKvwi e¨q AviI 50 UvKv e„w× Ki‡j cwiewZ©Z Avq I †fvM wbY©q
4  GKwU dv‡g©i weµ‡qi m~wP wb‡¤œi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv: Ki| 4
9  evsjv‡`‡ki fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wb‡Pi †iLvwP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv :
weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) `vg (P) AD, AS
1 GKK 8 UvKv 45
2 GKK 8 UvKv E2 AD1 = C + I + G
3 GKK 8 UvKv AD = C + I
4 GKK 8 UvKv E1
5 GKK 8 UvKv
O
K. w¯’i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1 Y1 Y2 RvZxq Avq
L. me©`v AC> AVC nq †Kb? 2 K. Ave× A_©bxwZ Kx? 1
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi ZvwjKv cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki| 3 L. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 2
N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Z_¨vewj †h evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †m evRv‡i M. DÏxc‡K Ac~Y© wb‡qv‡Mi fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq †Kvb we›`y‡Z wba©vwiZ
†Kb Ab¨vb¨ evRv‡ii Zyjbvq †fv³vi ¯^v_© AwaK msiwÿZ nq? 4 n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
5  MwY wgqvi K…wl Lvgv‡i Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY I Kjv‡KŠkj w¯’i †i‡L ïaygvÎ kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM N. AD †_‡K AD1-Gi gva¨‡g A_©bxwZ‡Z Kxiƒc fvimvg¨ AwR©Z
e„w× Kivi Kvi‡Y †gvU Drcv`b e„w×i cwigvY wb‡¤œi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv n‡q‡Q? we‡kølY Ki| 4
kÖg wb‡qvM †gvU Drcv`b 10  GKwU †`‡ki gy`ªv m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc :
1 Rb 9 gY †gvU wewnZ A‡_©i cwigvY = 100 †KvwU UvKv, A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ = 4,
2 Rb 16 gY e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY = 50 †KvwU UvKv, e¨vsK A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ =2,
3 Rb 20 gY †gvU evwY‡R¨i cwigvY = 100 GKK
4 Rb 22 gY K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 1 L. my‡`i nv‡ii mv‡_ A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`vi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. Mo w¯’i e¨‡qi cwigvY wK k~Y¨ n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg ¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MwY wgqvi K…wl Lvgv‡ii Mo Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. †gvU wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY Kiv n‡j gy`ªvi g~‡j¨i Ici Kx
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MwY wgqvi K…wl Lvgv‡i †Kvb Drcv`b wewa cÖfve co‡e? mwPÎ we‡kølY Ki| 4
Kvh©Ki? we‡kølY Ki| 4 11  iægv m¤úªwZ GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b PvKwi cvb, hv †`‡ki mKj Avw_©K
6  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K wbqš¿Y I miKv‡ii civgk©`vZv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| iægvi
`vg/e¨q eÜy iæcvI Ab¨ GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b PvKwi K‡ib, hviv RbM‡Yi A_©
f
34 MC AC AvgvbZ iv‡L I ¯^í †gqvw` FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i|
24 d
K. A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ Kx? 1
1 E
b
AR L. †gvevBj e¨vsK Kxfv‡e e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i‡Q? 2
2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøL †bB i–cvi cÖwZôv‡bi Ggb wZbwU Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
MR
O 20 (q) Drcv`b N. iægvi cÖwZôvb Kxfv‡e cwigvYMZ FY wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4
 65

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 4

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  wg. AvKv‡ki †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq| 6  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki :
Drcv`‡bi DcKi‡Yi e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv i‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K, wg. Y
Avwe‡ii †`‡k miKvi me m¤ú‡`i gvwjK Ges †K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi TP, MP 6
gva¨‡g Drcv`b I eÈb wbqwš¿Z nq| wKš‘ wg. AvRv‡`i †`‡k wg. 5
4
AvKvk I wg. Avwe‡ii †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v N‡U‡Q| 3
TP
K. wbe©vPb Kx? 1 2
1
L. mæ‡hvM e¨q aviYvwU eywS‡q †jL| 2 O X
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. AvKvk I wg. Avwe‡ii †`‡ki 1 1 2 3 4 5 L
A_©e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU DËg? 3 MP
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 K. w¯’i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1
2  wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú` I cªhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi L. †Kb LTC †iLv g~j we›`y †_‡K Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx nq? 2
wewfbœ mswgkÖY wb‡Pi ZvwjKvq †`Iqv n‡jv M. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î †Kvb wewa cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Îi wewa ïay wK K…wl‡ÿ‡ÎB Kvh©Ki? we‡kølY Ki| 4
ÔKÕ `ªe¨ ÔLÕ `ªe¨ 7  wg. ivwRe GKwU e¨w³MZ dv‡g©i gvwjK| Zvi dv‡g© Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨
0 24 Avi †KD Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB wb‡RB `ª‡e¨i `vg I
10 20 †hvMvb wba©viY K‡ib| †ewkifvM †ÿ‡ÎB Zvi dvg© A¯^vfvweK
20 10 gybvdv AR©b Ki‡jI gv‡S gv‡S wZwb †jvKmv‡bi wkKvi nb|
24 0 K. cøv›U Kx? 1
K. ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. wk‡íi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. Ôm¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨Zv A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi g~jwfwËÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. ivwR‡ei dv‡g©i A¯^vfvweK gybvdv wP‡Îi
N. hw` K = 30, L = 12 nq Zvn‡j Drcv`b Kiv †hŠw³K n‡e mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
wKbv we‡kølY Ki| 4 8  †Kv‡bv dv‡g©i wewfbœ GKK Drcv`b †gvU LiP wb‡Pi m~wP‡Z †`Iqv n‡jvÑ
3  GKRb †fv³vi 'X' `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwigvY I cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒcÑ Drcv`b (GKK) †gvU LiP (UvKv)
1 10
†fv‡Mi GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
1g 10 10 2 18
2q 18 3 24
3q 6 4 32
4_© 28 5 45
5g 2 K. Drcv`b Kx? 1
6ô 30 L. Ôg~ j ab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vbÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK LiP †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
7g 2 N. Mo LiP I cÖvwšÍK Li‡Pi ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© DÏxc‡Ki
K. cwieZ©K `ªe¨ Kx? 1 Av‡jv‡K †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. ¯^vfvweK `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K 9  GKwU †`‡k
wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 500
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mywPwUi LvwjNi c~Y© Ki| DÏxc‡K e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 400 Dfq gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V I
A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 V) = 5 †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 25
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1
Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. Ôgy`ªvi cÖPjb e¨emvq evwYR¨‡K mnR K‡i‡QÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
4 `ªe¨ (GKK) †gvU Dc‡hvM (GKK) M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 3
1g 10 N. hw` wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY nq, Z‡e A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Ici
2q 26 Kx cÖfve co‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4
3q 20 10  awi, 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i ÔKÕ †`‡ki †fvMe¨q (C) 100 †KvwU UvKv,
4_© 20 wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) 60 †KvwU UvKv, miKvwi e¨q (C) 50 †KvwU UvKv,
Avg`vwb e¨q (M) 40 †KvwU UvKv Ges ißvwb Avq (X) 20 †KvwU UvKv|
K. Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb Kx? 1 K. ˆØZ MYbvi mgm¨v Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KLb k~b¨ nq? 2 L. †Kb cÖevmx‡`i Avq wRwWwc‡Z aiv nq bv? 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ Dc‡hvM wewawU †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Z Kvh©Ki N. hw` e× A_©bxwZ we‡ewPZ nq, Zvn‡j wK RvZxq Avq GKB
nq bv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 _vK‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
5  Pvwn`v A‡cÿK Qd = 60  10P 11  wb‡Pi PÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI :
†hvMvb A‡cÿK Qs = 30 + 5P Y
`vg, Avq, e¨q

cwiewZ©Z †hvMvb A‡cÿK, Qs = 15 + 5P G

MC AC
P
GLv‡b, P = `ª‡e¨i `vg, Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, P F
1
AR
Qs = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY| E
MR
K. Pvwn`v Kx? 1 O Q Drcv`b
X

L. cwic~iK `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e? 2 K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kx? 1
M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. †Kb GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i we‡µZv‡K `v‡gi mÖóv ejv nq? 2
N. Pvwn`v w¯’i †_‡K †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j fvimvg¨ `vg I M. DÏxc‡K Kxfv‡e A¯^vfvweK gybvdv n‡Z cv‡i? 3
cwvgv‡Yi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? wPÎmn we‡kølY Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K KLb dvg© Drcv`b eÜ Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 66

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 05

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]
1  jvwgqv Ges dvwiqv `ywU wfbœ †`‡k evm K‡ib| jvwgqvi †`‡k K. w¯’i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1
†K›`ªxqfv‡eB A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘ dvwiqvi †`‡k L. me©`v AC> AVC nq †Kb? 2
†K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi D‡`¨vMI jÿ Kiv hvq| M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi ZvwjKv cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki| 3
K. e¨vwóK A_©bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j? 1 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z_¨vewj †h evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †m
L. AZ©bxwZ‡Z me Afve GK m‡½ c~iY Kiv m¤¢e bq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 evRv‡i †Kb Ab¨vb¨ evRv‡ii Zyjbvq †fv³vi ¯^v_© AwaK
M. DÏxc‡K jvwgqvi †`‡k we`¨gvb A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi wZbwU msiwÿZ nq? 4
ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 7  GKwU dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimvg¨ Ae¯’v wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
N. DÏxc‡K dvwiqvi †`‡ki mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi P.R.C
†Kv‡bv Awgj _vK‡j Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 MC
Y AC
2 F

`vg, Avq, eÅq

150 P = AR = MR
g~jab

A
12 100
B 80 E
10
Q0

X O Q
O 4 10 170 200
kÖg Drcv`Gbi cwigvY
K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? 1 K. GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ci¯úi cwic~iK e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K †h A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi K_v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q Zv M. DÏxc‡Ki dvg©wUi gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î Mo e¨q †iLvi (AC) Ae¯’vb †Kgb cwieZ©b
N. DÏxc‡K A I B we›`yi g‡a¨ †Kvb we›`ywU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡j dvg©wU ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ hyw³hy³? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
8  GKwU evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv-we‡µZv GKwU mgRvZxq cY¨ GKwU
3 Pvwn`v mgxKiY Qd = 45  5P †hLv‡b D = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, P = wbw`©ó `v‡g µq-weµq m¤úbœ K‡i| D³ evRv‡i P = AR = 100
`ª‡e¨i `vg| UvKv, AC = 80 UvKv Ges Drcv`‡bi cwigvY 12 GKK|
K. Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kx? 1
L. Pvwn`v wK ïay `v‡gi Ici wbf©ikxj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg© I wkí msL¨v Awfbœ? 2
M. DÏxc‡K Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Yi wfwˇZ Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 M. DÏxcK n‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q Ki Ges N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ dv‡g©i Ô¯^vfvweK gybvdvÕ Ae¯’v wPÎmn
`ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
4 wg. AY©e 40 UvKv `v‡g 10 †KwR Avg µq K‡ib| `vg e„w× †c‡q 9  GKwU †`‡k mÂq mgxKiY S =  50 + 0.5Y Ges I = 200| D³
60 UvKv n‡j wZwb 6 †KwR Avg µq K‡ib| †`‡k ˆe‡`wkK wewb‡qvM n«vm cvIqvq I = 100 nq|
K. Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kx? 1
K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Kx? 1
L. cwieZ©K `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv †Kb? 2
L. ¯^q¤¢‚Z I cÖ‡ivwPZ †fv‡Mi cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©qc~e©K `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †`‡k wewb‡qvM n«vm cvIqvq fvimvg¨ RvZxq
wbY©q Ki| 4
Avq I †fvM¯Í‡i Kxiƒc cÖfve c‡o wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
5 wg. ÔXÕ Zuvi Rwg‡Z avb Pv‡li wm×všÍ wb‡jb| cÖ_g eQi wZwb
10  ÔXÕ GKwU e¨vsK| e¨vsKwU AvgvbZ MÖnY, wewfbœ Lv‡Z FY cÖ`vb
1000 UvKvi kÖg wb‡qvM K‡i 200 †KwR avb Drcv`b Ki‡jb|
I wewbgq wej evÆvKi‡Yi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i| GQvovI
AwaK Drcv`‡bi Avkvq cieZ©x 3 eQi h_vµ‡g 2000, 3000 I
e¨vsKwU wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ð m¤ú„³ n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk
4000 UvKvi kÖg wb‡qvM K‡i Drcv`b †c‡jb h_vµ‡g 220,
wPwKrmv, Aby`vb, mvgvwRK ebvqb Ges Mwie †gavex‡`i e„wË
235 I 245 †KwR avb|
cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mgvR‡mevq f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|
K. Drcv`b wewa Kx? 1
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
L. `xN©Kv‡j w¯’i e¨q _v‡K bv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b (TP) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsKwU wPwýZ K‡i Gi Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. wg. ÔXÕ-Gi Pvlvev‡` A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡e? N. mgvR‡mevq DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsKwUi f‚wgKv h‡_ó wKbv
wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
hyw³mnKv‡i gZvgZ `vI| 4
6 GKwU dv‡g©i weµ‡qi m~wP wb‡Pi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
11  †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K 2015 mv‡j 20,000 UvKvi GKwU AvgvbZ †Lvjv
weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) `vg (P) n‡qwQj| D³ AvgvbZ n‡Z e¨vsKwU FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g eû¸Y FY
1 GKK 8 UvKv AvgvbZ ˆZwi K‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wiRvf© nvi 10%|
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
2 GKK 8 UvKv
L. †gvevBj e¨vswKs, e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
3 GKK 8 UvKv M. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki FY m„wói cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
4 GKK 8 UvKv N. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK hw` wiR©vf nvi evwo‡q 20% K‡i Z‡e FY
5 GKK 8 UvKv m„wó‡Z Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? 4
 67

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 6 welq ˆKvW 1 0 9

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
[we. `ª. : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki|]
1. cÖvq gy`Övi GKwU Ab¨Zg gva¨g Kx?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 12 I 13bs  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 23 I 24bs
K †PK L A_© M UvKv N Wjvi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
2. gy`Övi †jb‡`b Pvwn`v Kx‡mi Dci wbf©ikxj? Q = – 8 + 4p Y
K Pvwn`vi L Av‡qi 12. DÏxc‡Ki A‡cÿKwU †Kvb ai‡bi? 50 A C
M Avgvb‡Zi N m‡qi K Pvwn`v L †hvMvb 40

Mg
M Drcv`b N Dc‡hvM D
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi 13. D³ A‡cÿ‡K
30
DËi `vI : i. †Q`K – 8 n‡e
B
X
GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK Avgvb‡Zi ii. Aw¼Z †iLvwU wb¤œMvgx n‡e
O 20 30 35
cwigvY 1,00,000 UvKv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq avb
iii. Xvj 4 n‡e
wiRv‡f©i nvi 5%| GKwU we‡kl Kvi‡Y †K›`ªxq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 23. 50 gY M‡gi my‡hvM e¨q KZ gY avb
e¨vsK wiRv‡f©i nvi e„w× K‡i 15% K‡i‡Q| K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii K 20 gY L 30 gY
3. DÏxc‡K wiRvf© nvi 5% Ae¯’vq m„ó 14. †gvU Dc‡hvM (TU) µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× M 35 gY N 40 gY
F‡Yi cwigvY KZ UvKv? †c‡j wPÎwU n‡e 24. DÏxc‡Ki AB †iLv Øviv
K 200000 L 500000 Y TU Y i. Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e Zv Rvbv hvq
M 1000000 N 2000000 K L
TU
ii. Kxfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv n‡e Zv Rvbv hvq
4. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRv‡f©i nvi e„w×i d‡j O X O X iii. DcKi‡Yi Dchy³ e¨envi †`Lvq
i. FY m„wó n«vm cv‡e Y TU Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. gy`ÖvùxwZ n«vm cv‡e M N TU K i I ii L i I iii
iii. gy`Öv ms‡KvPb m„wó n‡e O X O X
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 15. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v n‡jv 25. abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z A`„k¨ kw³ n‡jv
K i I ii L ii I iii i. Avjwcb i. †µZv I we‡µZv
M i I iii N i, ii I iii ii. †gvUiMvwo ii. kÖwgK †kÖwY
5. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Amxg wewnZ gy`Öv? iii. Ilya iii. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb
K 1000 UvKvi †bvU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L 1000 UvKvi †PK K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii
M 100 UvKvi e¨vsK WªvdU 16. eZ©gvb g~jab `Ö‡e¨i mv‡_ AwZwi³ g~jab M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N 100 UvKvi cÖvBR eÛ `Öe¨ ms‡hvwRZ nIqv‡K Kx e‡j? 26. Ôwe‡µZv bqÕ †µZv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡iÕ-
TC K †fvM L wewb‡qvM Ggb evRvi‡K Kx ai‡bi evRvi e‡j?
6. Q
=?
M mÂq N gybvdv K GK‡PwUqv L g‡bvcmwb
K AFC L AVC M AC N MC  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 17 I 18bs M g‡bvcwj N Wz‡qvcwj
7. AcÖKvwkZ w¯’i e¨‡qi AšÍf©³ y n‡jv cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 27. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i gybvdv
i. dv‡g©i wbR¯^ wewìs C= 3000, I= 1500, G = 1000
†hLv‡b C = †fvM e¨q m‡e©v”PKi‡Yi kZ© †KvbwU?
ii. ¯’vqx Kg©Pvix‡`i †eZb
K TR=TC L MR=MC
iii. D‡`¨v³vi cvwikÖwgK I = wewb‡qvM e¨q M MR=AC N AR = AC
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? G = miKvwi e¨q 28. †Kvb evRv‡i Pvwn`v †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj?
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 17. DÏxc‡K GDP KZ? K GK‡PwUqv
8. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Drcv`b nq K 3500 L 4500 M 5500 N 6500
L Awj‡Mvcwj
K m‡e©v”P L me©wb¤œ 18. GDP-†Z M GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
M FYvZ¥K N w¯’i i. †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡`i Avq
N c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
ii. (X-M) Dcw¯’Z
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 9 I 10bs  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 29 I 30bs
iii. †`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk bvMwiK‡`i Avq
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cÖ ‡ kœ i DËi `vI :
GKwU Kjg Drcv`bKvix dvg© jÿ Kij ˆ`wbK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
P MC
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
100 GKK Kjg Drcv`b Ki‡j dvg©wUi Mo AC
LiP me©wb¤œ nq Ges Gi cwigvY 5 UvKv| 19. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq = ?  Ki? 10 e AR = MR
9. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ dvg©wUi ˆ`wbK †gvU K RvZxq Avq L mvgwMÖK Avq 5 f
LiP KZ UvKv? M mvgwMÖK e¨q N e¨w³MZ Avq
Q
K 100 L 200 M 300 N 500 20. NNP n‡Z O 10
i. A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Avmj wPÎ cvIqv hvq 29. fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vq gybvdvi cwigvY KZ?
10. hw` dvg©wU 105 GKK Kjg Drcv`b K‡i Z‡e
ii. gv_vwcQy Avq †ei Kiv nq K0 L 10 M 50 N 100
i. MC evo‡e
iii. RxebhvÎvi gvb Rvbv m¤¢e bq
ii. AC evo‡e 30. wPÎ Abyhvqx
iii. MC > AC n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. dvg©wUi †gvU Avq †iLv g~jwe›`yMvgx
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? mij †iLv
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
21. me©cÖ_g A_©bxwZ‡Z Ô`y¯úÖvc¨ZvÕ aviYvwU
ii. Drcv`K `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi
†K AeZviYv K‡ib?
11. †KvbwU wbK…ó `Ö‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLv? Ki‡Z cv‡i
P P K A¨vWvg w¯§_ L Gj. iweÝ
K
D
L
D
M wc.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb N gvk©vj iii. GwU c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii
D
O Q O
D
Q
22. †KvbwU mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq? GKwU dvg©
P D P D
K †fvM L mÂq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M N
O
D
Q O
D
Q M gy`ªvùxwZ N wewb‡qvM K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 68

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 7

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR †KvbwU? 11. M–YMZ FY wbqš¿Y nvwZqvi? 20. e¨w³MZ Avq †_‡K AvqKi ev` w`‡j
K FY wbqš¿Y K e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b cvIqv hvq
L wiRvf© nvi cwieZ©b L †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ K †gvU RvZxq Avq L †gvU †`kR Avq
M FY m„wó M bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b M e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq N wbU RvZxq Avq
N miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR N F‡Yi †ikwbs 21. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 12. e¨vs‡K A_© Rgv ivLvi gva¨‡g Kx m„wó nq? †KvbwU mwVK?
Y K cÖK…Z AvgvbZ L m„ó AvgvbZ K AR = MR
B
M c‡ivÿ AvgvbZ N wewnZ gy`ªv L AR > MR
A
 wPÎwU jÿ K‡i 13 I 14bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M TR †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
O X
Y N MR †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤§Mvgx
2. AB †iLvi Xvj †Kgb?
K abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K
25 A B F
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 22 I 23bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
20
X `ª‡e¨i `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 12
Mg
M k~b¨ N Amxg C
3. AB †iLvwU n‡Z cv‡i
10 UvKv n‡j Y `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v 12 GKK †_‡K
E
i. †gvU w¯’i e¨q †iLv
D
X e„w× †c‡q 18 GKK nq|
O
ii. weï× w¯’wZ¯’vcK †iLv
10 20 25 avb 22. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë `ªe¨ `ywUi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR?
iii. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii Pvwn`v †iLv 13. av‡bi Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j, M‡gi Drcv`b K 5/2 L 5/18
KZ n‡e? M 2/5 N 18/5
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K0 L 10 M 10 N 25 23. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë `ªe¨ `ywUi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
14. DÏxc‡K m¤ú‡`i Ac~Y© e¨envi wb‡`©kK K ci¯úi ¯^vaxb
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : we›`y †KvbwU? L cwic~iK
MV = PT
KB LD ME NF M Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki
GLv‡b, M = 500, V = 10, T = 100
15. mvaviYZ †Kvb ai‡bi `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK? N cwieZ©K
4. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi KZ?
K 50 L 100 K cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ 24. abZ‡š¿ A`„k¨ nvZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M 100 N 10 L wbK…ó `ªe¨ K ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’v
5. hw` A‡_©i mieivn (M) wظY Kiv nq, M Rxeb iÿvKvix `ªe¨ L Pvwn`v
Z‡e `vg¯Íi KZ n‡e? N wejvmRvZ `ªe¨ M †hvMvb
K 1000 L 500 16. †hvMvb wewa Abyhvqx ÔAb¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©ZÕ N evRvi fvimvg¨
M 100 N 50 ej‡Z †evSvq 25. wewnZ gy`ªv KZ cÖKvi?
6. NDP = ? i. DcKi‡Yi `vg
K GNI  NNP L GNP  CCA K2 L3 M4 N5
M GNI  DC N GDP  CCA ii. †fv³vi Avq 26. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq †KvbwU?
iii. KvwiMwi Ávb K `ª‡e¨i `vg
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
X †`‡ki RvZxq Avq g‡Wj :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L †fv³vi AvPiY we‡kølY
Y = C + I + G, K i I ii L i I iii M e¨w³MZ Avq
C = 100 + 0.8Y, I = 100, G = 200 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N RvZxq Avq
7. 'X' †`‡ki fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq 17. Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× NU‡e hw` 27. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv
K 500 L 100 i. Av‡qi cwieZ©b nq cv_©K¨ †bB?
M 2000 N 5000 ii. `v‡gi cwieZ©b nq K GK‡PwUqv
8. DÏxcK Abyhvqx 'X' †`‡k iii. iywPi cwieZ©b nq L g‡bvcmwb
i. e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq MYbv Kiv n‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M Awj‡Mvcwj
ii. Ave× A_©bxwZ weivRgvb
K i I ii L i I iii N c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
iii. RbMY Zv‡`i Av‡qi ÿz`ª Ask †fv‡Mi
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 28. gy`ªvi cÖ_g I cÖavb KvR †KvbwU?
Rb¨ e¨q K‡i
 QKwU †`‡L 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K m‡qi evnb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii L g~‡j¨i cwigvcK
Rwgi kÖ‡gi †gvU cÖvwšÍK
M wewbg‡qi gva¨g
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cwigvY cwigvY Drcv`b Drcv`b
N F‡Yi wfwË
wg. 'X' e¨emvwqK Kvi‡Y e¨vs‡K GKwU 5 GKK 2 GKK 12 GKK 12 GKK
wnmve Pvjy K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb †h AvgvbZ  DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
5 GKK 3 GKK 20 GKK ? Pvwn`v A‡cÿK : Qd = 20 – 3P
Rgv K‡ib Zv †_‡K hLb B”Qv Ges hZ
UvKv cÖ‡qvRb Zv †jb‡`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 5 GKK 4 GKK ? 6 GKK †hvMvb A‡cÿK : Qs = 5 + 2P
9. DÏxc‡K †Kvb Avgvb‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 18. Lvwj N‡i †gvU Drcv`b I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b 29. DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ `ª‡e¨i cwigvY KZ?
K mÂqx AvgvbZ L PjwZ AvgvbZ n‡e h_vµ‡g K3 L5 M 11 N 15
M ¯’vqx AvgvbZ N †gqvw` AvgvbZ K 26, 8 L 32, 12 30. evRvi `vg 5 UvKv avh© n‡j
10. D³ Avgvb‡Zi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv M 20, 18 N 12, 6 i. †hvMv‡bi cwigvY Pvwn`vi cwigvY
i. AvgvbZKvix‡K wbw`©ó †gqv‡` AvgvbZ 19. DcwiD³ DÏxc‡K A‡cÿv 10 GKK †ewk n‡e|
ivL‡Z nq i. †gvU Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× cvq ii. Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi cwigvY
ii. AvgvbZKvix my` cvq bv ii. Mo Drcv`b me©`v w¯’i _v‡K A‡cÿv 10 GKK †ewk n‡e|
iii. AvgvbZKvixi wnmve n‡Z mvwf©m PvR© iii. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nq iii. †hvMv‡bi cwigvY 15 GKK
†bIqv nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii K i I ii L i I iii
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 69

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 8

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. A_©bxwZi A`„k¨ nvZ aviYvwUi cÖe³v †K? 12. mg‡qi wfwˇZ evRvi n‡jv 22. NDP = GDP  DC GLv‡b DC Øviv Kx wb‡`©k
K Gj. iweÝ K 2 cÖKvi L 3 cÖKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q?
L A¨vWvg w¯§_ M 4 cÖKvi N 5 cÖKvi K †gvU RvZxq wewb‡qvM
M m¨vgy‡qjmb L †gvU RvZxq e¨q
 wPÎwU †`‡L 13 I 14bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
N gvk©vj M wbU †`kR Drcv`b
P, R, C
2. hvKv‡Zi cwigvY m¤ú‡`i KZ kZvsk? N AePq e¨q
K 1.5% L 2% MR 23. miKvwi e¨‡qi cÖKvi‡f` n‡jv
M 2.5% N 3% i. †K›`ªxq e¨q
O Q
3. f~wgi †hvMvb ii. ¯’vbxq e¨q
K ev‡o L K‡g
13. MR †iLvwU †Kvb evRv‡ii? iii. Dcwie¨q
M Amxg N mxgve× K c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L g‡bvcwj K i I ii L i I iii
 wPÎwU jÿ K‡i 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Y M Wy‡qvcwj M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N Awj‡Mvcwj
M  DÏxcKwU c‡o 24 I 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
14. fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb †iLvwU cÖ‡qvRb?
Y `ªe¨

C A †`‡ki GDP = 5 wewjqb Wjvi,

i. AC
X ii. MC Avg`vwb = 2 wewjqb Wjvi Ges ißvwb =
N
X `ªe¨ iii. MR 3 wewjqb Wjvi|
4. X `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j Y `ª‡e¨i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 24. A †`‡ki GNP KZ Wjvi?
cwigvY KZ? K i I ii L ii I iii K 4 wewjqb L 5 wewjqb
K OM L ON M i I iii N i, ii I iii M 6 wewjqb N 8 wewjqb
M MN N OC 25. †`‡ki AvšÍ R© vwZK evwY‡R¨i djvdj Kx?
15. GKwU `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi hZ me cÖwZôvb A
5. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi wfZ‡i C we›`y‡Z K jvf n‡e
Drcv`b Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K Zv‡`i mgwó wg‡j nq GKwU
L ¯^í‡gqvw` ÿwZ n‡e
K wkí L dvg©
K m¤ú‡`i c~Y© e¨envi I †eKviZ¡ M AcwiewZ©Z n‡e
L m¤ú‡`i Ac~Y© e¨envi I c~Y© wb‡qvM M evRvi N KviLvbv
N `xN©‡gqvw` ÿwZ n‡e
M m¤ú‡`i c~Y© e¨envi I c~Y© wb‡qvM 16. ¯^íKv‡ji Rb¨ †KvbwU mZ¨?
K FC = O
26. A‡_© i †gŠwjK KvR KqwU?
N m¤ú‡`i Ac~Y© e¨envi I †eKviZ¡ K 4wU L 6wU
L TC = VC
6. wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK? M TC = FC + VC M 8wU N 10wU
K †Uwjwfkb L Mvwo N AC = AVC 27. gy`ªvi g~‡j¨i m~Î †KvbwU?
M gvQ N jeY 1 1
 wPÎwU †`‡L 17 I 18bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K V= L P=
7. †hvMvb mgxKiY S =  3 + P n‡j, k~b¨ P V
Y 2 2
`v‡g †hvMv‡bi cwigvY `vg S M V= N P=
P V
K4 L 1
M 3 N0 28. †KB‡Ýi g‡Z, bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z ivLvi D‡Ïk¨
S
8. A_©‰bwZK PjK n‡”Q
O X †hvMvb i. †jb‡`b
i. Pvwn`v 17. wP‡Î j¤^ Aÿ eivei †hvMvb †iLvwU Drcv`‡bi ii. mZK©Zvg~jK
ii. †hvMvb iii. dUKv
†Kvb Dcv`vb?
iii. kÖg K msMVb L kÖg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii
M g~jab N f~wg
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
18. Lwbi Mfx‡i hZ hvIqv hv‡e Drcv`b e¨q ZZ
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K K‡g L ev‡o
9. kxZKv‡j Mig Kvc‡oi Pvwn`v †Kvb A_©bxwZ‡Z M = 200, V = 5, M =
M k~b¨ nq N AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
K ev‡o L K‡g 200, V = 5, T = 500.
19. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU? 29. IB A_©bxwZ‡Z `vg¯Íi KZ?
M k~b¨ N AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
K1 L2 K 16 L8
10. gæwó‡gq we‡µZvi evRvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K
M3 N4 M4 N2
ejv nq?
K Wy‡qvcwj L Awj‡Mvcwj 20. A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯^íKvj n‡jv 30. IB A_©bxwZ‡Z A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ I
M g‡bvcmwb N W–‡qvcmwb K 2 w`b †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY w¯’i †_‡K A‡_©i cwigvY
11. GK‡PwUqv evRvi L 3 w`b wظY n‡j
i. AR I MR Dfq †iLv Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx M GK gvm i. A‡_©i g~j¨ n‡e 0.25
ii. AR †iLv dv‡g©i Pvwn`v wb‡`©k K‡i N K‡qK gvm  1 eQi ii. `vg¯Íi wظY n‡e
iii. AR †iLv MR †iLvi wb‡P Ae¯’vb K‡i 21. cÖevmx evsjv‡`wk‡`i Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z iii. Vm †iLv wb¤œMvgx n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? AšÍf©y³ nq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L ii I iii K CCA L NDP K i I ii L i I iii
M i I iii N i, ii I iii M GDP N GNP M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 70

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 9

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. `ª‡e¨i cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`vi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi 12. K (g~jab) 22. 'A' evwYR¨‡K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ
mvgvb¨Zg mgš^q mvab m¤¢e wb‡Pi †Kvb P 10,000 UvKv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq ˆea wiRvf©
ai‡bi evRv‡i? 10%| e¨vsKwUi FYm„ó AvgvbZ KZ?
K AwZ ¯^íKvjxb L ¯^íKvjxb LQ
L (kÖg)
K 5,000 UvKv
M `xN©Kvjxb N AwZ`xN©Kvjxb O L 50,000 UvKv
wP‡Î A we›`yi cwie‡Z© Q we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Ki‡j M 1,00,000 UvKv
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. kÖ‡gi e¨envi evo‡e
GKwU dvg© ch©‡eÿ‡Y †`Lv †Mj †h, N 1,50,000 UvKv
ii. Drcv`b n«vm cv‡e 23. gy`ªvi cÖavb KvR Kx?
ˆ`wbK 5 GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`b Ki‡jB
iii. g~ja‡bi e¨envi Kg‡e K g~‡j¨i cwigvcK
dvg©wUi Mo LiP (AC) me©wb¤œ nq, hvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L m‡qi evnK
cwigvY n‡jv 10 UvKv|
Ki L ii M i I ii N i I iii M wewbg‡qi gva¨g
2. hw` dvg©wU ˆ`wbK 6 GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`b
K‡i Z‡e 13. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR I MR †iLv  N F‡Yi wfwË
i. MC evo‡e
i. Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx 24. †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K K‡g 9 UvKv
ii. AC evo‡e
ii. AR = MR n‡j Pvwn`v 100 GKK †_‡K †e‡o 110 GK
iii. MR < AR nq| D³ `ª‡e¨i `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ?
iii. MC > AC n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 0.20 L 0.50
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ki L ii
M 0.80 N 1.00
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
3. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Drcv`b¯Í‡i dvg©wUi 25. †KvbwU ¸YMZ FYwbqš¿Y c×wZ?
14. AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb FYvZ¥K
K F‡Yi †ikwbs
ˆ`wbK †gvU LiP KZ UvKv? n‡j `ªe¨wU n‡e L †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ
K 5 UvKv L 10 UvKv K cwic~iK L cwieZ©K M e¨vsK Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b
M 15 UvKv N 50 UvKv M m¤úK©nxb N mgvšÍivj m¤úK© N e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b
4. A‡_©i g~j¨ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K `vg wba©vi‡Yi ÿgZv
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 26. hw` j¤^ `~iZ¡ 4 GKK Ges f‚wgi `~iZ¡ 5
L †fvM Kivi ÿgZv `vg/Avq/e¨q MC GKK Ges AwZf‚‡Ri `~iZ¡ 6 GKK nq,
M µq Kivi ÿgZv A AC Z‡e Xvj KZ?
20
K 0.80 L 1.25
N Avq Kivi ÿgZv
F AR M .83 N 0.66
5. gvbeRxe‡b †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v n‡jv
MR  DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. `æ®úÖvc¨Zv O 40 Drcv`b
ii. wbevPb gRywi (W) kÖ‡gi †hvMb (SL)
iii. ¯^í Drcv`b
15. DÏxcK Abyhvqx †gvU Avq (TR) KZ?
K 200 UvKv L 400 UvKv 100 UvKv 10 GKK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M 800 UvKv N 1000 UvKv 200 UvKv 15 GKK
Ki L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii
6. gæ³evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z RvZxq Av‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv 16. wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z Kx wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q? 300 UvKv 20 GKK
K Y=C i. `vg = Mo Avq 400 UvKv 10 GKK
L Y=C+I ii. `vg = Mo e¨q 27. mƒwP Abymv‡i kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ †KvbwU?
M Y=C+I+G iii. cÖvwšÍK Avq = cÖvwšÍK e¨q P SL
SL P
N Y = C + I + G + (X – M) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K L
7. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb ARvbv Ki L ii S S
_v‡K, Zv‡K Kx e‡j? M i I iii N i, ii I iii P SL P
K PjK L aªæeK 17. Dc‡hvM cwigv‡ci GKK M N
M civwgwZ N mnM K wjUvi L wgUvi S
SL
S
8. †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ n‡j M BDwUj N MÖvg 28. A_©bxwZ‡K Ôm¤ú‡`i weÁvbÕ e‡j AwfwnZ
†gvU Dc‡hvM †Kgb n‡e? 18. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg© I wkí GKB? K‡i‡Qb †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`?
K me©wb¤œ L m‡e©v”P K GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i K †ebnvg
M k~b¨ N FYvZ¥K L m¨vgy‡qjmb
L c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M Wy‡qvcwj evRv‡i M Kvj© gvK©m
¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK C = 50 + 0.80Y N Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i N A¨vWvg w¯§_
9. DÏxcK Abymv‡i ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fv‡Mi cwigvY KZ? 19. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY 'PT' Øviv Kx 29. Aa¨vcK wc.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb-Gi g‡Z, cÖ‡Z¨K
K 0.50 L 50 A_©‰bwZK mgv‡Ri †gŠwjK mgm¨v KqwU?
M 0.80 N 80
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
K gƒj¨¯Íi L A‡_©i Pvwn`v K2 L3
10. DÏxcK Abymv‡i cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv M4 N5
(MPC) KZ? M A‡_© i †hvMvb N `vg¯Í i
K 0.50 L 0.80 20. wewnZ gy ` ª v KZ cÖ K vi? 30. ÔKÕ `ª ‡e¨i `vg 20 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q
M 50 N 100 K 2 cÖKvi L 3 cÖKvi 40 UvKv n‡j ÔKÕ `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v 60 GKK
11. P = AC n‡j  M 4 cÖKvi N 5 cÖKvi †_‡K n«vm †c‡q 50 GKK nq| ÔKÕ `ªe¨wU
i. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq 21. cwic~ iK `ª ‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK… wZ Kxiƒc? †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨?
ii. A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx K wbK…ó `ªe¨
iii. †jvKmvb nq L Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx L wejvm `ªe¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍ i vj M †fe‡jb `ªe¨
Ki L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii N f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨
 71

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 10

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. 'Micro' k‡ãi A_©? 12. Pvwn`vi ˆewkó¨ KqwU? 22. D³ e¨vs‡Ki g~j KvR
K ÿz`ª L e„nr K2 L3 M4 N5 i. AvgvbZ msMÖn Kiv
M mgwó N c„_K 13. †Kvb e¨vsK †`‡ki KvMwR gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi ii. FY cÖ`vb Kiv
2. gybvdv m‡e©v”PKiY †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨? GKgvÎ AwaKvix? iii. UvKv Qvcv‡bv
K abZvwš¿K L mgvRZvwš¿K K wkí e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M wgkÖ N BmjvwgK L AMÖYx e¨vsK K i I ii L ii I iii
3. wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK M †K›`ªxq e¨vsK M i I iii N i, ii I iii
LvZ n‡jv N iƒcvjx e¨vsK 23. †KvbwU gƒj¨evb AjsKvi, `wjjcÎ cÖf…wZ
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16 K 17 M 18 M 19 K 20 N 21 L 22 N 23 K 24 K 25 M 26 L 27 K 28 L 29 N 30 N
ewikvj †evW© 2022
1 M 2 L 3 K 4 M 5 N 6 K 7 L 8 M 9 M 10 M 11 M 12 M 13 M 14 L 15 M
16 N 17 L 18 K 19 K 20 N 21 K 22 L 23 M 24 K 25 K 26 N 27 L 28 K 29 M 30 N
w`bvRcyi †evW© 2022
1 K 2 M 3 K 4 L 5 N 6 N 7 N 8 N 9 M 10 M 11 N 12 K 13 M 14 L 15 M
16 K 17 M 18 L 19 K 20 L 21 K 22 N 23 M 24 M 25 N 26 K 27 L 28 M 29 K 30 L
gqgbwmsn †evW© 2022
1 K 2 K 3 K 4 N 5 M 6 L 7 L 8 M 9 L 10 K 11 M 12 M 13 N 14 M 15 M
16 M 17 L 18 L 19 N 20 K 21 N 22 M 23 M 24 N 25 L 26 N 27 N 28 K 29 M 30 M
 76

kxl©¯’vbxq K‡jRmg~‡ni cÖkc

œ ‡Îi DËigvjv
kxl©¯’vbxq K‡jRmg~‡ni cÖkœc‡Îi DËigvjv  m„Rbkxj
DËim~Î : HSC m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ MADE EASY to TEST PAPERS eB‡qi ...

XvKv †iwm‡Wbwmqvj g‡Wj K‡jR

1 41 c„ôvi 41bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 128 c„ôvi 38bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  200 c„ôvi 26bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 81 c„ôvi 43bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 129 c„ôvi 39bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  235 c„ôvi 34bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 82 c„ôvi 44bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 170 c„ôvi 39bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  236 c„ôvi 35bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 82 c„ôvi 45bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 171 c„ôvi 40bs cÖkœ I DËi

exi‡kÖô gyÝx Avãyi iDd cvewjK K‡jR, XvKv

1 41 c„ôvi 42bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 200 c„ôvi 27bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  172 c„ôvi 42bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 83 c„ôvi 46bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 201 c„ôvi 28bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  130 c„ôvi 41bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 130 c„ôvi 40bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 171 c„ôvi 41bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  237 c„ôvi 37bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 83 c„ôvi 47bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 236 c„ôvi 36bs cÖkœ I DËi

miKvwi gvB‡Kj gaym~`b K‡jR, h‡kvi

1 42 c„ôvi 44bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 132 c„ôvi 44bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  240 c„ôvi 41bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 43 c„ôvi 45bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 86 c„ôvi 52bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  wm‡jevm ewnf‚Z©
3 85 c„ôvi 50bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 87 c„ôvi 53bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  203 c„ôvi 31bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 86 c„ôvi 51bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 239 c„ôvi 40bs cÖkœ I DËi

miKvwi cÖdzjø P›`ª K‡jR, ev‡MinvU

1 44 c„ôvi 46bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 89 c„ôvi 56bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  240 c„ôvi 42bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 44 c„ôvi 47bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 174 c„ôvi 45bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  241 c„ôvi 43bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 88 c„ôvi 54bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 203 c„ôvi 32bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  133 c„ôvi 45bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 88 c„ôvi 55bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 204 c„ôvi 33bs cÖkœ I DËi

†bvqvLvjx miKvwi K‡jR

1 45 c„ôvi 48bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 91 c„ôvi 59bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  205 c„ôvi 36bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 45 c„ôvi 49bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 174 c„ôvi 46bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  242 c„ôvi 44bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 90 c„ôvi 57bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 204 c„ôvi 34bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  242 c„ôvi 45bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 90 c„ôvi 58bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 205 c„ôvi 35bs cÖkœ I DËi

eW©vi MvW© cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, wm‡jU

1 47 c„ôvi 51bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 135 c„ôvi 48bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  208 c„ôvi 40bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 93 c„ôvi 62bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 177 c„ôvi 50bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  244 c„ôvi 48bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 93 c„ôvi 63bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 178 c„ôvi 51bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  245 c„ôvi 49bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 134 c„ôvi 47bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 207 c„ôvi 39bs cÖkœ I DËi

wc‡ivRcyi miKvwi gvwnjv K‡jR

1 47 c„ôvi 52bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 208 c„ôvi 41bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  209 c„ôvi 42bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 48 c„ôvi 53bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 135 c„ôvi 49bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  245 c„ôvi 50bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 94 c„ôvi 64bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 178 c„ôvi 52bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  246 c„ôvi 51bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 95 c„ôvi 65bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 179 c„ôvi 53bs cÖkœ I DËi
 77

MvBevÜv miKvwi K‡jR

1 48 c„ôvi 54bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 136 c„ôvi 50bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  210 c„ôvi 44bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 49 c„ôvi 55bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 137 c„ôvi 51bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  137 c„ôvi 52bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 96 c„ôvi 66bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 209 c„ôvi 43bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  247 c„ôvi 52bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 97 c„ôvi 67bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 180 c„ôvi 54bs cÖkœ I DËi

K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, †gv‡gbkvnx

1 51 c„ôvi 58bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 140 c„ôvi 55bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  211 c„ôvi 46bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 52 c„ôvi 59bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 140 c„ôvi 56bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  247 c„ôvi 54bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 98 c„ôvi 71bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 182 c„ôvi 57bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  248 c„ôvi 55bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 99 c„ôvi 72bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 183 c„ôvi 58bs cÖkœ I DËi

bUi †Wg K‡jR, gqgbwmsn

1 52 c„ôvi 60bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 142 c„ôvi 58bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  249 c„ôvi 56bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 99 c„ôvi 73bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 183 c„ôvi 59bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  249 c„ôvi 57bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 100 c„ôvi 74bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 184 c„ôvi 60bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  250 c„ôvi 58bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 141 c„ôvi 57bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 212 c„ôvi 47bs cÖkœ I DËi

kxl©¯’vbxq K‡jRmg~‡ni cÖkœc‡Îi DËigvjv  eûwbe©vPwb

ivRDK DËiv g‡Wj K‡jR, XvKv
1 K 2 L 3 M 4 M 5 L 6 L 7 K 8 M 9 N 10 L 11 M 12 M 13 L 14 N 15 N
16 L 17 M 18 M 19 M 20 K 21 N 22 L 23 K 24 M 25 N 26 M 27 L 28 M 29 M 30 N

XvKv †iwm‡Wbwmqvj g‡Wj K‡jR

1 L 2 K 3 K 4 M 5 L 6 K 7 L 8 N 9 K 10 M 11 N 12 M 13 M 14 L 15 M
16 K 17 M 18 N 19 K 20 K 21 L 22 L 23 K 24 K 25 K 26 K 27 L 28 N 29 M 30 L

gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv

1 N 2 M 3 M 4 L 5 K 6 L 7 N 8 N 9 N 10 L 11 L 12 M 13 K 14 N 15 M
16 M 17 M 18 L 19 N 20 N 21 N 22 L 23 M 24 M 25 L 26 M 27 K 28 L 29 L 30 K

65. miKvwi kvn& myjZvb K‡jR, e¸ov

1 K 2 L 3 K 4 N 5 M 6 K 7 L 8 L 9 M 10 L 11 N 12 N 13 L 14 L 15 M
16 L 17 M 18 M 19 M 20 M 21 K 22 M 23 K 24 N 25 N 26 L 27 M 28 M 29 L 30 N

RqcyinvU miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR

1 K 2 L 3 N 4 M 5 L 6 L 7 M 8 N 9 K 10 M 11 L 12 L 13 L 14 N 15 K
16 L 17 L 18 K 19 M 20 L 21 L 22 K 23 L 24 L 25 L 26 L 27 K 28 L 29 M 30 N

miKvwi my›`ieb Av`k© K‡jR, Lyjbv

1 K 2 L 3 L 4 K 5 K 6 N 7 L 8 L 9 N 10 L 11 L 12 M 13 L 14 M 15 L
16 K 17 K 18 M 19 M 20 K 21 K 22 N 23 K 24 L 25 K 26 L 27 L 28 L 29 M 30 K

mvZÿxiv miKvwi K‡jR

1 L 2 K 3 N 4 N 5 M 6 M 7 L 8 M 9 L 10 K 11 L 12 M 13 N 14 L 15 N
16 K 17 N 18 M 19 K 20 L 21 N 22 L 23 K 24 L 25 L 26 K 27 N 28 N 29 K 30 L
 78

`vD` cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, h‡kvi

1 M 2 L 3 L 4 N 5 K 6 K 7 N 8 L 9 L 10 K 11 K 12 K 13 K 14 L 15 M
16 K 17 N 18 M 19 N 20 K 21 M 22 N 23 K 24 K 25 L 26 M 27 K 28 M 29 L 30 N

K¨v›Ub‡g›U K‡jR, Kzwgjøv

1 N 2 L 3 N 4 L 5 L 6 N 7 L 8 N 9 L 10 L 11 K 12 L 13 L 14 K 15 M
16 M 17 N 18 M 19 L 20 M 21 L 22 L 23 M 24 L 25 L 26 N 27 M 28 K 29 M 30 N

e„›`veb miKvwi K‡jR, nweMÄ

1 N 2 L 3 M 4 L 5 K 6 M 7 K 8 L 9 M 10 K 11 M 12 N 13 N 14 N 15 M
16 K 17 L 18 M 19 N 20 N 21 L 22 M 23 L 24 M 25 L 26 L 27 M 28 K 29 M 30 M

kÖxg½j miKvwi K‡jR, †gŠjfxevRvi

1 L 2 K 3 M 4 K 5 M 6 K 7 N 8 M 9 K 10 N 11 M 12 L 13 K 14 N 15 L
16 L 17 L 18 L 19 M 20 M 21 K 22 L 23 N 24 N 25 K 26 L 27 L 28 N 29 M 30 L

knx` ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg K‡jR, gqgbwmsn

1 L 2 K 3 K 4 N 5 N 6 K 7 M 8 L 9 K 10 N 11 K 12 L 13 K 14 K 15 M
16 L 17 M 18 M 19 L 20 N 21 N 22 N 23 L 24 N 25 N 26 L 27 K 28 L 29 K 30 L

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U‡÷i DËigvjv

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U‡÷i DËigvjv  m„Rbkxj
DËim~Î : HSC m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ MADE EASY to TEST PAPERS eB‡qi ...

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 1

1 39 c„ôvi 39bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 126 c„ôvi 36bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  235 c„ôvi 33bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 40 c„ôvi 40bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 80 c„ôvi 41bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  199 c„ôvi 25bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 169 c„ôvi 37bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 80 c„ôvi 42bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  127 c„ôvi 37bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 169 c„ôvi 38bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 234 c„ôvi 32bs cÖkœ I DËi

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 2

1 42 c„ôvi 43bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 132 c„ôvi 43bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  202 c„ôvi 30bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 84 c„ôvi 48bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 172 c„ôvi 43bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  238 c„ôvi 38bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 85 c„ôvi 49bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 173 c„ôvi 44bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  238 c„ôvi 39bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 131 c„ôvi 42bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 201 c„ôvi 29bs cÖkœ I DËi

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 3

1 46 c„ôvi 50bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 175 c„ôvi 47bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  207 c„ôvi 38bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 92 c„ôvi 60bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 176 c„ôvi 48bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  243 c„ôvi 46bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 92 c„ôvi 61bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 176 c„ôvi 49bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  243 c„ôvi 47bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 133 c„ôvi 46bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 206 c„ôvi 37bs cÖkœ I DËi
 79

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 4

1 50 c„ôvi 56bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 98 c„ôvi 70bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  247 c„ôvi 53bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 50 c„ôvi 57bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 138 c„ôvi 53bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  211 c„ôvi 45bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 97 c„ôvi 68bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 181 c„ôvi 55bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  181 c„ôvi 56bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 97 c„ôvi 69bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 139 c„ôvi 54bs cÖkœ I DËi

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 5

1 18 c„ôvi 6bs cÖkœ I DËi 5 123 c„ôvi 31bs cÖkœ I DËi 9  203 c„ôvi 32bs cÖkœ I DËi
2 39 c„ôvi 39bs cÖkœ I DËi 6 133 c„ôvi 46bs cÖkœ I DËi 10  213 c„ôvi 1bs cÖkœ I DËi
3 54 c„ôvi 2bs cÖkœ I DËi 7 146 c„ôvi 5bs cÖkœ I DËi 11  236 c„ôvi 36bs cÖkœ I DËi
4 70 c„ôvi 27bs cÖkœ I DËi 8 174 c„ôvi 45bs cÖkœ I DËi

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U‡÷i DËigvjv  eûwbe©vPwb

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 6

1 K 2 L 3 N 4 N 5 K 6 M 7 M 8 K 9 N 10 N 11 K 12 L 13 M 14 L 15 M
16 L 17 M 18 L 19 N 20 K 21 L 22 23 M 24 M 25 L 26 L 27 L 28 N 29 K 30 L

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 7

1 M 2 M 3 N 4 K 5 M 6 N 7 M 8 K 9 L 10 M 11 N 12 K 13 N 14 M 15 N
16 L 17 L 18 K 19 L 20 M 21 K 22 K 23 N 24 K 25 K 26 N 27 K 28 M 29 M 30 L

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 8

1 L 2 M 3 N 4 K 5 N 6 N 7 M 8 K 9 K 10 L 11 K 12 M 13 K 14 L 15 K
16 M 17 N 18 L 19 N 20 N 21 N 22 N 23 K 24 M 25 K 26 K 27 K 28 N 29 M 30 M

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 9

1 L 2 N 3 N 4 M 5 M 6 N 7 M 8 L 9 L 10 L 11 K 12 N 13 L 14 K 15 M
16 M 17 M 18 K 19 L 20 K 21 K 22 M 23 M 24 N 25 K 26 K 27 M 28 N 29 L 30 N

G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 10

1 K 2 K 3 K 4 L 5 M 6 L 7 L 8 L 9 M 10 L 11 K 12 L 13 M 14 L 15 L
16 L 17 K 18 N 19 L 20 L 21 L 22 K 23 K 24 N 25 N 26 L 27 L 28 K 29 N 30 M