GST Practical Record
GST Practical Record
The tax structure in India primarily consists of direct and indirect taxes, but with the
introduction of GST in India on 01 July 2017 the tax structure has undergone a significant
change.
Q2.Draw a chart and write a note on Pre-GST Indirect tax structure in India.
Tax structure in India is a three tier federal structure. The central government, state
governments, and local municipal bodies make up this structure.
The tax system in India allows for two types of taxes—Direct and Indirect Tax.
Indirect Tax:
Indirect taxes are taxes which are indirectly levied on the public through goods and
services. The sellers of the goods and services collect the tax which is then collected by the
government bodies.
Value Added Tax (VAT) – A sales tax levied on goods sold in the state. The rate
depends on the government.
Octroi Tax– Levied on goods which move from one state to another. The rates
depend on the state governments.
Customs Duty– It is a tax levied on anything which is imported into India from a foreign
nation.
The three bodies which collect the taxes in India have clearly defined the rules on what
type of taxes they are permitted to collect.
The Central Government: income tax, custom duties, central excise duty.
The State Governments: tax on agricultural income, professional tax, value- added
tax, state excise duty, stamp duty.
Local Bodies: property tax, water tax, other taxes on drainage and small services.
1. Tax Dropping: The most significant contributing factor to tax cascading is the
partial coverage by Central and State taxes. Sectors that are exempted are not
allowed to claim credit for the Cenvat or the Service Tax paid on the inputs.
4. States are unable to levy taxes on services: they have no powers to collect tax on
incomes or the fastest growing constituents of consumer expenditures, the
States have to rely almost exclusively on compliance improvements or rate
increases for any flexibility in their own-source revenues.
IMPORTANCE OF VALUE ADDED TAX IN INDIA: VAT replaces older, narrower-based sales taxes with a
comprehensive tax that applies at each stage of production and distribution. This broadens the tax
base, increases revenue for governments, and reduces tax evasion through built-in tracking
mechanisms. VAT also promotes formal economic activity by incentivizing businesses to comply
with tax regulations. Its efficiency and simplicity, along with its compatibility with international trade
rules, make VAT a preferred option for many countries seeking to modernize their tax systems and
foster economic growth.
->While the present system allows for multiplicity of taxes being collected through an
inefficient and non transparent system, the introduction of GST is likely to rationalize it and
thereby plug the loop holes in this system. This will enable the government to stop pilferage
and rationalize the overall taxation regime. While many areas are either under-taxed or non-
taxed or over-taxed, the GST will help reduce overall tax burden of many organizations.
->Increasingly, services are used or consumed in production and distribution of goods and
vice versa. Separate taxation of goods and services often requires splitting of transactions
value into value of goods and services for taxation, which leads to greater complexities,
administration and compliances costs.
->There is need to have a nation-wide simple and transparent system of taxation to enable
the Indian industry to compete not*only internationally, but also in the domestic market.
->Integration of various Central and State taxes into a GST system would make it possible to
give full credit for inputs taxes collected. GST being a destination-based consumption tax
based on VAT principle, would also greatly help in removing economic distortions caused by
present complex tax structure and will help in development of a common national marked.
->VAT rates and regulations differ from state to state. And it has been observed that states
often resort to slashing these rates for attracting investors. This results in loss of revenue for
both the Central as well as State government.
->GST brings in uniform tax laws across all the states spanning across diverse industries.
Here, the taxes would be divided between the Central and State government based on a
predefined and pre-approved formula. In addition, it would become much easier to offer
services and goods uniformly across the nation, since there won’t be any additional state-
levied tax.
Step-1 Registration:-
Every business carrying out a taxable supply of goods or services under GST regime and
whose turnover exceeds the threshold limit will be required to register as a normal taxable
person. This process is of registration is referred as GST registration.
GST registration is critical because it will enable you to avail various benefits that are
available under the
GST regime.
GST is going to affect each business in one way or other, so a proper information should be
found out about the supply chain of the organization i.e. which area will be most affected
by GST and which area will be least affected and according to this proper organization
realignment should be done.
There are certain guidelines that needs to be followed when making invoices. Invoices like
debit, credit
notes and other accounting formats should also be aligned according to GST requirements.
Step- 4 IT systems:
with GST comes a large number of challenges for various organization like detail record
keeping has become necessary, input credit rules are complicated, large number of
compliances , a good IT infrastructure can help the organizations in tackling this challenges
hence an updated IT system should be put into place before GST.
Input Tax Credit (ITC) is a mechanism that allows businesses to claim a credit for the tax they pay
on inputs (i.e., purchases of goods and services) against the tax they are liable to pay on their sales.
In other words, businesses can deduct the tax they paid on their purchases from the tax they collect
on their sales, and only pay the net amount to the government.
When GST rolls out, each registered taxpayer will get a profile created on the government’s
GST website. The taxpayer using the login credentials will be able to access all features
along with a dashboard. All the taxpayers will also get three electronic ledgers namely E-
cash Ledger, E-credit Ledger & E-liability Ledger. These ledgers will reflect the amount of
tax payable, input credit balance, and on adding money to the cash ledger the taxpayer will
also be able to settle the tax liability online.
Companies need to keep on monitoring their progress from time to time so as not to fall
back. For this proper flow of information is required as fast information about status can
make you make right decisions at right time.
Even when it seems that your organization is completely prepared for GST reviewing the
rules and your preparedness for GST possess no harm. Keep reviewing may result in
detection of some error which can cause the company to dodge many difficulties in the
future. Hence reviewing and validating the results will be an important.
GST is commonly described as indirect, comprehensive, broad based consumption Tax. The
Dual GST which would be implemented in India will subsume many consumption taxes. The
objective is to remove the multiplicity of tax levies thereby reducing the complexity and
remove the effect of Tax Cascading. The objective is to subsume all those taxes that are
currently levied on the sale of goods or provision of services by either Central or State
Government. Subsumetion of large number of taxes and other levies will allow free flow of
larger pool of tax credits at both Central and State level.
SAKSHAM project launched under CBIC which lays down procedure and provisions for GST
content workflow
Training of officers of CBEC
Administration of GST laws
Q9.What is the major difference in incidence of tax during pre and post GST implementation with
respect to inter-state transfer? Explain with example.
S No Issues Pre GST regime Post GST Regime
1 Broad scheme There were separate There will be only
laws for each levy one
law
2 Point of taxation Thx is levied as GST is destination
manufacture and based tax levied
sale of goods and at place of
provision of consumption
services
3 Tax on goods and services Goods and Goods and services
services taxed are subjected to
separately single tax
4 Cascading effect Problem of tax on Tax on tax is
tax is there eliminated as input
tax
credit is allowed
5 Tax rates There will be separate One integrated tax
tax rates
6 Tax burden Tax burden his high Tax burden is
expected to reduce
because of
elimination of
cascading effect
7 Tax credit Only intra state ITC set off is
transaction can get available
ITC across all levies
Q10. What are the exclusive products not included in the purview of GST. Why?
At present three items do not fall under the purview of GST. The items proposed to be kept
outside the purview of GST in India they are as follows:
Alcohol for human consumption does not fall under the purview of GST in India at present.
The taxes imposed to Alcohol for human consumption are continued as per the structure
Since, Alcohol is huge revenue earners, the state and union government will be
at a loss of revenue. and
accidents. excessive drinking can lead to a negative outcome. Hence to keep alcohol
Petroleum Products viz. petroleum crude, motor spirit (petrol), high speed diesel, natural gas and
Petroleum crude, motor spirit (petrol), high speed diesel, natural gas and aviation turbine
Since, petroleum products are huge revenue earners, the state and union government will
be at a loss of revenue.
Fuel prices are generally kept high in order to discourage its use as it will contribute
to more pollution if the prices kept low
Electricity.
The category, Electricity has been kept aside under the purview of GST at presentHence,
At present, the above items are kept outside the purview of GST in
India.
Q11. When GST council was notified and what is its composition.
Goods & Services Tax Council is a constitutional body for making recommendations to the
Union and State Government on issues related to Goods and Service Tax. The GST Council is
chaired by the Union Finance Minister and other members are the Union State Minister of
Revenue or Finance and Ministers in-charge of Finance or Taxation of all the States.
The Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill, 2016, for introduction of Goods and Services tax
in the country was introduced in the Parliament and passed by RajyaSabha on 3rd August,
2016 and by LokSabha on 8th August, 2016. Consequent upon this, the Hon’ble
President of India accorded assent on 8th September, 2016, and the same was notified as
the Constitution (101st Amendment) Act, 2016. As per Article 279A (1) of the amended
Constitution, the GST Council has to be constituted by the President within 60 days of the
commencement of Article 279A. The notification for bringing into force Article 279A with
effect from 12th September, 2016 was issued on 10thSeptember, 2016.
As per Article 279A of the amended Constitution, the GST Council which will be a joint forum
of the Centre and the States, shall consist of the following members: -
Union Territory Goods and Services Tax (UTGST): UTGST levied and collected by Union
Territories without State Legislatures, on intra-state supplies of taxable goods or services
or both. Currently, there are 29 States and 7 Union Territories; of which, two (Delhi and
Pondicherry) are having Legislature.
GST – in Union Territories without Legislature: Supplies within such Union territory, Central
GST will apply to whole of India and hence, it would be applicable to all Union Territories,
with or without Legislature. To replicate the law similar to State GST to Union Territories
without Legislature, the Parliament has the powers under Article 246(4) to make such
laws. Hence, law same as similar to State GST can be formulated for Union Territory
without Legislature, by the Parliament. The following are Union Territories without
Legislature: 1. Chandigarh 2. Lakshadweep 3. Daman and Diu 4. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
5. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 (IGST): IGST is a mechanism to monitor the
inter- state trade of goods and services and ensure that the SGST component accrues to
the Consumer State. It would maintain the integrity of ITC chain in inter-state supplies.
The IGST rate would broadly be equal to CGST rate plus SGST rate. IGST would be
levied and collected by the Central
Q13. What are the laws supporting the levy of GST. Explain with examples or rules.
The Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 has been enacted to make a provision for
levy and collection of Tax on Intra-State Supply of Goods or Services or both by the
Central Government and the matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
1. Every supplier shall be liable to be registered in the state or union territory (other
than special category states) from where he makes supply of goods or services or
both, if his aggregate turnover in a financial year exceeds? 40 lakhs.
3. A business entity with turnover up to? 1 Crore can avail the benefit of a
composition scheme under which it has to pay a much lower rate of tax and has to
fulfil very minimal compliance requirements.
4. In order to prevent cascading of taxes, ITC would be admissible on ail goods and
services used in the course or furtherance of business
5. The liability to pay CGST in relation to supply of goods and services will arise on the
date of: (i) issue of invoice, (ii) receipt of payment, whichever is the earlier.
6. Every taxpayer shall be assigned a GST compliance rating score based on his
record of compliance. The compliance rating score will be updated at periodic
intervals and be placed in the public domain.
7. Any taxpayer may apply for refund of taxes in cases including: (i) payment of
taxes in excess or (ii) unutilized input tax credit. Upon such application, the refund
may be credited to the taxpayer or to a Consumer Welfare Fund. The Fund will be
used for the purpose of consumer welfare
8. Every taxpayer would have to self-assess and file tax returns on a monthly basis by
submitting:
(i) details of supplies provided, (ii) details of supplies received and (iii) payment of
tax. In addition to the monthly returns, an annual return will have to be filed by each
taxpayer.
State Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017 for imposing SGST by respective state on
intra-State supply of goods and services.
Each state has passed its own SGST Act, 2017. The SGST Act of each state is virtually
a copy of CGST Act. Even section numbers and sub-section numbers are same. Rules
and notifications are also identical. The only change is in respect of mention of state
authority instead of central authority and state tax instead of central tax.
UTGST is levied on the supply of goods and services within the boundary of a union
territory. Further, the union territories, which do not have legislature, UTGST for
levying UTGST in 5 union Territories without State Legislatures on intra-Territory
supply of goods and services. (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra
and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and Chandigarh)
The provisions of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 apply to this Act.
Such provisions include: (i) time and value of supply, (ii) composition levy, (iii)
registration, (iv) returns,
(v) payment of tax, (vi) assessment, (vii) refunds, (viii) inspection, (ix) search and
seizure, (x) advance ruling, (xi) appeals and offences.
Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) is levied by the centre on inter-state supply of
goods and services.
Features of IGST Act
1. Existing CST (Central state tax, tax on interstate movement of goods) shall be discontinued.
2. The center will levy IGST in the case of (i) inter-state supply of goods and services, (ii)
imports and exports and (iii) supplies to and from special economic zones. Supply includes
sale, transfer, exchange and lease made for a consideration to further a business. In
addition, IGST will be levied on any supply which will not fall under the purview of the
Central and State GST Acts.
3. The IGST revenue collected by the centre will be apportioned between the center and to
the state where the supply of goods or services was received.
4. IGST is intermediary tax mainly on B2B transactions. It is not envisaged as final tax, since
input tax credit of IGST will be available to recipient in another state.
5. If IGST is paid on B2C transaction, the state where goods/services/both are consumed will
get their share of SGST.
6. IGST rate is double the CGST rate and will be uniform all over India
The provisions of the CGST Act with respect to registration, valuation, time of supply of
goods and services, returns, refunds, prosecution, appeals will be applicable to the IGST Act.
Macro approach-:
RNR is calculated on basis of total data for domestic output/net imports and
consumption of capital inputs. GST has a positive rate and zero rates on exports are two
assumptions under this approach. RNR found to be 11.6% after factoring compliance of GST
at 80%.
This Approach was shared by NIPFP(National Institute of Public Finance Policy). There
are three steps under this approach-:
The approach was shared by the Thirteenth Finance Commission. RNR is calculated on the
basis of input tax data of all the registered entities. This approach puts the RNR at 11.98 %.
RNR is likely to be selected around 18% after making few changes to the indirect tax turnover
approach.
prescribed period)
In case of reverse charge the time of supply for service receiver is earliest of:
1. Date of payment*
2. 30 days from date of issue of invoice for goods (60 days for services)
2. Place of supply
It is very important to understand the term ‘place of supply’ for determining the right tax to
be charged on the invoice.
In case of goods, the place of supply is where the goods are delivered.
the place of supply of goods is the place where the ownership of goods changes.
When there is no movement of goods, the place of supply is the location of goods at the
time of delivery to the recipient.
Place of supply in cases where goods that are assembled and installed will be the location
where the installation is done.
B. Place of Supply for Services
In cases where the services are provided to an unregistered dealer and their location is not
available the location of service provider will be the place of provision of service.
Special provisions have been made to determine the place of supply for the following services:
In case of services related to immovable property, the location of the property is the place of
provision of services.
Value of supply means the money that a seller would want to collect the goods and
services supplied. The amount collected by the seller from the buyer is the value of supply.
But where parties are related and a reasonable value may not be charged, or transaction
may take place as a barter or exchange; the GST law prescribes that the value on which GST
is charged must be its ‘transactional value’.
This is the value at which unrelated parties would transact in the normal course of
business. It makes sure GST is charged and collected properly, even though the full value
may not have been paid
Q16.What activities are included in supply
Supply includes all forms of supply of goods and/or services such as sale, transfer, barter,
exchange, license, rental, lease or disposal made or agreed to be made for a consideration
by a person in course of or furtherance of business.
1. It is an inclusive definition.
5. Supply should be of goods or services. Supply of anything other than goods or services
like money, securities etc. does not attract GST.
Sale means a sale of goods made within the State for cash or deferred payment or other valuable
consideration but does not include a mortgage, hypothecation, charge or pledge. (Example: mortgage,
hypothecation, charge or pledge is not supply and hence GST will not be levied).
Barter means the exchange of goods and productive services for other goods and productive
services, without the use of money
Rentals mean Periodical payment for use of another's property. Rent is to pay on monthly basis
A lease is an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or
series of payments the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time. A lease may be
financial lease or operating lease
Disposal normally considered as selling of assets, when the organization is about to close
down and various assets are required to be disposed of. Such transactions will also be
considered as supply. Hence, liable to tax under GST Law.
a) Permanent transfer or disposal of business assets, where input tax credit has been
availed on such assets.
b) Supply of goods or services or both between related persons or between distinct persons
as specified in section 25, when made in the course or furtherance o business: Provided
that gifts are not exceeding 50,000 in value in a financial year by an employer to an
employee shall not be treated as supply of goods or service or both.
For certain businesses, registration under GST is mandatory. If the organization carries on
business without registering under GST, it will be an offence under GST and heavy penalties
will apply.
*CBIC has notified the increase in threshold turnover from Rs 20 lakhs to Rs 40 lakhs.
Who Should Register for GST?
Individuals registered under the Pre-GST law (i.e., Excise, VAT, Service Tax etc.)
Businesses with turnover above the threshold limit of Rs. 40 Lakhs.
Casual taxable person / Non-Resident taxable person
Agents of a supplier & Input service distributor
Those paying tax under the reverse charge mechanism
An offender not paying tax or making short payments (genuine errors) has to pay a penalty
of 10% of the tax amount due subject to a minimum of Rs.10,000.
The penalty will at 100% of the tax amount due when the offender has deliberately evaded paying
taxes
Q18. Ram Enterprises purchased goods from Shyam Enterprises. The goods were
supplied on 15/01/2018. Ram Enterprises paid an advance of Rs. 1,00,000 for
purchases on 10/01/2018. The invoice was raised on 30/01/2018. Explain with respect
to supply.
An advance payment is that part of a contractually due that is paid in advance for
goods or services
PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE TIME OF SUPPLY IN CASE OF ADVANCE PAYMENT –
The time of supply is the base to determine the time of payment of tax and as per
provisions of section 12 (2) of the Central Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017 the time of
supply shall be earliest of the following –
Date of issuance of the invoice or the last date on which invoice should have been issued;
and
Date of receipt of the payment;
Thus from the above it is clear that the tax needs to be paid if the supplier receives
the payment first. Hence the tax liability will arise on the date of advance received
that is on 10/01/2018.
Q19. Mr. Y was travelling from Hyderabad to Bengaluru on flight. During his journey he
purchased some books. Determine the incidence of tax. Identify place of supply.
As per the GST definition, the liability to pay taxes arise at the time and place of
supply. And both time and place of supply depend upon whether the supply is intra-
state or inter-state.
Place of Supply
Place of Supply is nothing but the place of delivery of goods or consumption of
service. In other words, it is the registered location of recipient of a good or service.
Thus, Place of supply under GST is divided into the following categories:
Place of supply of Goods
The place of supply of Services
where location of supplier and recipient is in India
where location of supplier and recipient is outside India
Place of supply in case of Imports/exports
Hence from above it is clear that place of supply is Hyderabad and tax liability will
arise at Hyderabad.
Q20. What is Composite supply and Mixed Supply? What is the rate of tax applied?
Supplies of two or more goods or services can be either ‘composite supply’ or ‘mixed
supply’. The concept of composite supply in GST regime is similar to the concept of naturally
bundled services under Service Tax Law. However, the concept of mixed supply is entirely
new.
Composite supply means a supply is comprising two or more goods/services, which are
naturally bundled and supplied in with each other in the ordinary course of business, one of
which is a principal supply.
separately.
A supply of goods and/or services will be treated as composite supply if it fulfils the following
criteria:
It is a natural bundle, i.e., goods or services are usually provided together in the
normal course of business.
Tax liability will be the tax on the principal supply i.e., GST rate on the goods.
Mixed supply under GST means a combination of two or more goods or services
made together for a single price.
Each of these items can be supplied separately and is not dependent on any other.
Under GST, a mixed supply will have the tax rate of the item which has the highest rate of tax.
Firstly rule out that the supply is a composite supply. A supply can be a mixed supply only if
it is not a composite supply.
If the items can be sold separately, i.e., the supplies not naturally bundled in the ordinary
course of business, then it would be a mixed supply.
Tax rate applicable Tax rate of principal item Highest tax rate of all the items
Q21. Write a short note on the process of GST.
GST is an Indirect Tax which has replaced many Indirect Taxes in India. The Goods and
Service Tax Act was passed in the Parliament on 29th March 2017. The Act came into effect
on 1st July 2017; Goods & Services Tax Law in India is a comprehensive, multi-stage,
destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition.
In simple words, Goods and Service Tax (GST) is an indirect tax levied on the supply of
goods and services. This law has replaced many indirect tax laws that previously existed in
India.
Under the GST regime, the tax is levied at every point of sale. In the case of intra-state
sales, Central GST and State GST are charged. Inter-state sales are chargeable to Integrated
GST.
1. Regular Dealer: A business registered under GST that is required to file regular
returns and pay taxes on its taxable supplies of goods or services.
2. Composition Dealer: A small taxpayer who opts for the composition scheme
under GST, paying a fixed percentage of turnover as tax and filing simplified
quarterly returns.
3. Tax Deductor: A person or entity required to deduct tax at source (TDS) while
making specified payments such as salaries, rent, or commission, and remit the
deducted tax to the government.
4. Input Service Distributor (ISD): A business entity that receives invoices for
input services and distributes the input tax credit (ITC) to its branches or units
based on their proportionate consumption.
5. UN Bodies / Embassies: International organizations such as United Nations
bodies and foreign embassies are treated as a distinct category under GST,
typically enjoying certain exemptions or special provisions.
6. Non-Resident Assessee: Individuals or businesses that do not have a
permanent establishment in India but are liable to pay GST on specific
transactions carried out within the country.
7. Temporary Registration: Provision for businesses engaged in temporary
activities or events to obtain GST registration for a limited duration, facilitating
compliance during the event period.
8. E-Commerce Dealer: Businesses engaged in the online sale of goods or
services, including operators of online marketplaces, which are required to
comply with specific GST regulations applicable to e-commerce transactions.
Q23. What is the threshold limit for composite dealers & Registered dealers
GST Registration Threshold Limits
The GST Council, on considering the demands raised by MSME, increased the threshold
limits for GST registration. This helps to ease compliance under GST. The states have an
option to opt for a higher limit or continue with the existing limits.
Exceeds Rs.40 lakh Yes – For Normal Category States From 1st April 2019
Exceeds Rs.20 lakh Yes – For Special Category States From 1st April 2019
1. Changes in the composition scheme: The threshold of annual turnover for composition
scheme was increased to Rs.1.5 crores from 1st April 2019. The taxpayers registered under
the scheme have to pay tax quarterly and file returns annually from 1st April 2019. The limit
remains unchanged at Rs.75 lacs for North Eastern states & Uttarakhand.
2. Composition scheme was made available to service providers: New scheme introduces a
fixed tax rate of 6% with 3% CGST and 3% SGST. Independent service providers, as well as
mixed suppliers of goods and services with an annual turnover of up to Rs.50 lacs in the
preceding financial year can opt for this scheme.
Q24. Draw a specimen of Invoice, Tax Invoice and Bill of Supply.
Q25. What is Supplementary invoice.
Supplementary tax invoice has to be issued by a taxable person in case where any
deficiency is found in a tax invoice already issued by a taxable person.
A supplementary invoice makes good all deficiencies related to an original tax invoice under
GST. There can be some situations where taxable value of the goods or services has been
undermined in the original tax invoice, resulting in lesser amount of tax being charged or
other such deficiencies.
In these cases, the supplier can issue a supplementary invoice to accommodate such
incremental changes. It also includes debit and credit notes. Hence, any upward revision or
downward revision can be taken care of in a supplementary invoice.
Apart from taking care of such changes, there are a certain number of particulars to be
mandatorily mentioned in the invoice. There is no pre-defined format mandated by the GST
law, but these pointers must be a part of the same in the paper or digital document. The
particulars are as follows:
• Nature of invoice, i.e. "Debit Note," "Credit Note," "Revised Invoice" or "Supplementary
Invoice." It has to be mentioned in bold to display the nature of the invoice.
•An alpha-numeric serial number for the invoice, specific to an accounting year
•Where a recipient is an unregistered person, then name and address of place of delivery,
along with its respective State and code, of such person has to be mentioned
•The original invoice serial number against which the supplementary invoice is being issued
•The differential amount of tax, taxable value of the goods or services or rate of tax
Input credit means at the time of paying tax on output, you can reduce the tax you have
already paid on inputs.
Say, you are a manufacturer –
tax payable on output (FINAL PRODUCT) is Rs
450 tax paid on input (PURCHASES) is Rs 300
You can claim INPUT CREDIT of Rs 300 and you only need to deposit Rs 150 in
taxes.
Input Credit Mechanism is available when the person is covered under the GST Act.
Which means if you are a manufacturer, supplier, agent, e-commerce operator, aggregator
or any of the persons mentioned here, registered under GST, You are eligible to claim INPUT
CREDIT for tax paid by you on your PURCHASES.
You must have a tax invoice(of purchase) or debit note issued by registered dealer
The tax charged on your purchases has been deposited/paid to the government by
the supplier in cash or via claiming input credit
Supplier has filed GST returns
Input credit is ONLY allowed if your supplier has deposited the tax he collected from you. So
every input credit you are claiming shall be matched and validated before you can claim it.
Therefore, to allow you to claim input credit on Purchases all your suppliers must be GST
compliant as well.
Input tax credit cannot be taken on purchase invoices which are more than one year
old. Period is calculated from the date of the tax invoice.
Since GST is charged on both goods and services, input credit can be availed on both
goods and services (except those which are on the exempted/negative list).
Input tax credit is allowed on capital goods.
Input tax is not allowed for goods and services for personal use.
No input tax credit shall be allowed after GST return has been filed for September
following the end of the financial year to which such invoice pertains or filing of
relevant annual return, whichever is earlier.
A registered person will be eligible to claim Input Tax Credit (ITC) on the fulfilment of the
following conditions:
4. Furnishing of a return
5. Where goods are received in lots or instalments ITC will be allowed to be availed when the
last lot or instalment is received.
6. Failure of the supplier towards supply of goods and/or services within 180 days from the
date of invoice, ITC already claimed by recipient will be added to output tax liability and
interest to paid on such tax involved. On payment to supplier, ITC will be again allowed to
be claimed
7. No ITC will be allowed if depreciation has been claimed on tax component of a capital good
8. Time limit to claim ITC against an Invoice or Debit Note is earlier of below dates:
The due date of filing GST Return for September of next
Financial year OR
Date of filing the Annual Returns relevant for that Financial year
One can account for different taxes under GST (central tax, state tax, UT tax,
integrated tax, and cess), by creating a tax ledger for each tax type.
Create central tax ledger
Customer’s and
Supplier’s Accounts
GSTR-1
GSTR-1 is a monthly or quarterly return that should be filed by every registered dealer. It
contains details of all outward supplies i.e. sales. The return has a total of 13 sections.
Who should file GSTR-1?
Every registered person is required to file GSTR-1 irrespective of whether there are any
transactions during the month or not.
The following registered persons are exempt from filing the return:
GSTR-2
Every registered taxable person is required to give details of Inward Supply, i.e., purchases
for a tax period in GSTR-2.
GSTR-2 contains details of all the purchases transactions of a registered dealer for a month.
The GSTR-2 filed by a registered dealer is used by the government to check with the
sellers’ GSTR-1 for buyer-seller reconciliation.
If GSTR-2 return is not filed then the next return GSTR-3 cannot be filed. Hence, late filing
of GST return will have a cascading effect leading to heavy fines and penalty.
Who should file GSTR-2?
Every registered person is required to file GSTR-2 irrespective of whether there are any
transactions during the month or not.
GSTR-3 is a monthly return with the summarized details of sales, purchases, sales
during the month along with the amount of GST liability. This return is auto-generated
pulling information from GSTR- 1 and GSTR-2.
GSTR-3 will show the amount of GST liability for the month. The taxpayer must pay the
tax and file the return.
If GSTR-3 return is not filed then the GSTR-1 of the next month cannot be filed
Every registered person is required to file GSTR-3 irrespective of whether there are any
transactions during the month or not.
GSTR-6A is a read only form. Taxpayer cannot take any action in GSTR-6A. GSTR-6A for a
particular tax period changes based on the details uploaded by the counter party supplier till
ISD taxpayer submits the GSTR-6 for the same tax period.
When the counterparty has not submitted/filed GSTR-1: Any/all invoices uploaded by
Supplier Taxpayers in their GSTR-1 will be visible in the GSTR-6A in near real time and the
same can also be viewed in the GSTR-6 of the recipient.
When the counterparty has submitted/filed their return, the invoices available in the GSTR-
6A will continue to be available for viewing. Additionally, Receiver Taxpayers will be able to
take action on the invoices in GSTR-6. The ACCEPT/REJECT buttons against invoices will be
enabled for action. The information available in GSTR-6A will also be available in GSTR-6.
GSTR-8 is a return to be filed by the e-commerce operators who are required to deduct TCS
(Tax collected at source) under GST. GSTR-8 contains the details of supplies effected
through e-commerce platform and amount of TCS collected on such supplies.
Every e-commerce operator registered under GST is required to file GSTR-8. E-commerce
operator has been defined under GST Act as any person who owns or manages a digital or
electronic facility or platform for electronic commerce such as Amazon etc. All such e-
commerce operators are mandatory required to obtain GST registration as well as registered
for TCS (Tax collection at source).
GSTR-8 shows the details of supplies effected through the e-commerce platform and the
amount of TCS collected on such supplies.The supplier can take the input credit of such TCS
deducted by the e-commerce operator after filing of GSTR-8 by the e-commerce operator.
The amount of such TCS will be reflected in Part C of Form GSTR-2A of the supplier.
1. Provide GSTIN (provisional id can also be used as GSTIN if you do not have a GSTIN)
2. Legal name of the registered person: Name of the taxpayer will be auto-populated at the
time of logging into the common GST Portal.
3. Details of supplies made through e-commerce operator: Mention the gross value of supplies
made to registered persons and unregistered persons and value of supplies returned by
such registered and unregistered persons. The difference between the supplies made and
supplies returned will be the net amount liable for TCS.
4. Amendments to details of supplies in respect of any earlier statement: Any correction to data
submitted in the return of previous months can be done by filling in this section.
5. Details of interest: If the amount of TCS is not paid on time by the e-commerce operator,
then interest is levied on account of late payment of TCS amount.
6. Tax payable and paid: This head includes the total amount of tax payable under each
head i.e SGST, CGST and IGST and how much tax has been paid till date.
7. Interest payable and paid: Interest @ 18% is levied for the late payment of GST.The interest
is calculated on the outstanding tax amount
8. Refund claimed from electronic cash ledger: Refund from electronic cash ledger can only be
claimed only when all the TCS liability for that tax period has been discharged.
9. Debit entries in cash ledger for TCS/interest payment [to be populated after payment of tax and
submissions of return: Amount of tax collected at source will flow to Part C of GSTR-2A of the
taxpayer on filing of GSTR-8
Normally, suppliers of goods or services collect GST from the receivers and deposit it with the
tax
authorities.
But under the reverse charge mechanism, receivers of goods or services pay the tax instead
of suppliers. Thus, if you are a recipient of goods or services under reverse charge, you must
remit only the purchase payments to suppliers. As for GST, you as a recipient must deposit
the tax directly with the tax authorities. This tax collection mechanism is aimed at reducing
tax evasion, particularly from the unorganized sectors.
There are cases where an e-commerce operator does not have a physical presence in the
taxable territory. In such a case, a person representing such e-commerce operator for any
purpose will be liable to pay tax. If there is no such representative, the operator would
appoint a representative. He will be held liable to pay GST.
Time of Supply under Reverse Charge Mechanism
Tax for goods under the reverse charge mechanism should be paid on the earliest of the below dates:
The Date on which the goods and services are received
Date of payment as entered in the books of accounts of the recipient or the date on which
the payment is debited in his account, whichever is earlier
– the time of supply shall be the date of entry in the books of accounts of the recipient of supply.
Tax for services under the reverse charge mechanism should be paid on the earliest of the
below dates:
Date of payment as entered in the books of accounts of the recipient or the date on which
the payment is debited in his account, whichever is earlier
Where it is not possible to determine the time of supply, under the above mentioned cases,
– the time of supply shall be the date of entry in the books of accounts of the recipient of supply
Q35. What are the activities specified as Negative List according to Schedule -III
Provisions under the ‘Third Schedule (III)’ to the CGST Act 2017 regarding “Activities/
Transactions which shall not be treated as Supply of Goods or Services”, are as under:
Schedule III to CGST Act 2017: Activities or Transactions which shall be treated neither as
a Supply of Goods nor a Supply of Services (See Section 7)
3. (a) the functions performed by the Members of Parliament, Members of State Legislature,
Members of Panchayats, Members of Municipalities and Members of other local authorities;
(b) The duties performed by any person who holds any post in pursuance of the provisions of
the Constitution in that capacity; or
(c) the duties performed by any person as a Chairperson or a Member or a Director in a body
established by the Central Government or a State Government or local authority and who is
not deemed as an employee before the commencement of this clause.
5. Sale of land and, subject to clause (b) of paragraph 5 of Schedule II, sale of building.
7. Supply of goods from a place in the non-taxable territory to another place in the non-
taxable territory without such goods entering into India.
8. (a) Supply of warehoused goods to any person before clearance for home consumption;
(b) Supply of goods by the consignee to any other person, by endorsement of documents of
title to the goods, after the goods have been dispatched from the port of origin located
outside India but before clearance for home consumption.
Q36. Mr. Ankur purchased goods for Rs. 8,00,000 and paid tax @ 5% from a dealer in same
locality. He sold Rs. 4,00,000 worth goods to Raj and collected tax from him. Record the
following transaction with the help of accounting Software.
Gateway of Tally > Press F11-Company Features > Statutory &Taxation give the following
State : Telangana
Description : Goods
Integrated Tax : 5%
Cess : 0%
and press
Description : Goods
Central Tax : 9%
State Tax : 9%
Cess : 0%
Ctrl +A to save
Name : Supplier
State : Telangana
GSTIN/UIN : 36AADCR6508A1ZQ
Ctrl + A to save
Name : Raj
State : Telangana
GSTIN/UIN : 36AABFJ9848C2Z8
Ctrl + A to save
Name : CGST
Name : SGST
Ctrl + A to save
F9
Press Alt + I to convert into Accounting Invoice. And give the below
Amount 80000
Tab twice and select cgst and sgst it will automatically display tax CTRL + A to save
Press Alt + I to convert into Accounting Invoice. And give the below particulars
Reference No:1
Party Name: Raj
GST Sales 40000
Tab twice and select cgst and sgst it will automatically display tax CTRL + A to save
Step 5 Reports Gateway of Tally > Display > Statutory Reports > GST > GSTR3B
Q37. Mahesh Enterprises of Hyderabad purchased goods from Ashish Enterprises of Chennai,
he paid GST @ 28%. Record the transaction in Accounting software.
Particular IGST Purchase 10000
Tab twice and select IGST it will calculate tax automatically Ctrl+A to save
Step 5 Reports Gateway of Tally > Display > Statutory Reports> GST > GSTR2>
Select B2B invoices -3, 4A
Q38. Create 3 stock items named milk, bread and Ice creams. Opening balances of these 3
stock items would be milk – 10 litres, Bread– 20 Pkts and Ice creams – 25 numbers. Create 1
sundry debtor and 1 sundry creditor within state. Record a purchase entry of 5 litres of milk at
5% GST rate for ₹80 per litre, 10 Pkts of Bread for Rs.25 per pktat 5% GST rate and 30
numbers of Ice creams for ₹30 per Ice cream at 18% GST rate. A sale entry 10liters of milk
Rs.90 per litre, 15Pkts of Bread for Rs.40 per pkt and 35 numbers of Ice creams for ₹50 per Ice
cream.
Press Alt+ A for Tax Analysis and press Alt F1 for detail information
Step 7 Report
Gateway of Tally > Display > Statutory Report > GST > GSTR3B
Q39. What is the value in GST invoices when Rs. 10000 worth of goods are purchased,
GST tax rate @ 5%. In second invoice two purchases of Rs 5000 worth goods GST
rate @ 5% and another Rs 5000 GST @ 18%. Both the transactions are intra state and
show the GST Tax ledgers.
Step 1. Create company in the name of Reeha Enterprises
Gateway of Tally >Press Alt+F3>Create Company > fill the below particulars
Supplier
Particulars Purchase account 10000 CGST and SGST will be automatically calculated
Press Ctrl + A for Tax Analysis you will get the below screen
Solution: As per GST law any additional expenses are charged in the invoice
along with the stock items the additional expenses are included in calculation of
taxable value.
GST- Sales @ 12%
20000
Packing Charges 800
Freight Charges 2800
Interest on delay 750
payment
CGST 1461
SGST 1461
Total 27272
Press Alt + A for tax analysis and press Alt + F1 for detail you will get the following screen
Q41. Mr. X sold 1000 units of goods to Mr. Y for Rs. 20,000 and total unit sold during the year to
Mr. Y after including these units is 2500 unit. As per terms of the agreement if Mr. Y is
purchasing more than 2000 unit of goods in a year then Mr. X is allowing 10% discount in all
the supplies. Assuming IGST rate is 18%. How discount will be recorded?
Here in the given problem it is understand that there are some terms and
conditions between Mr X and Mr Y. as per terms if Mr Y is purchasing more than
2000 No’s in the financial year then he will be getting the 10% discount on all
the purchases made in the whole financial year.
The calculation of discount is below
Total discount = number of units purchase in financial year * Rate per No’s
*10% Number of units purchased = 2500
Rate per unit = 20000/1000
= 20 Total discount =
2500*20*10% Total discount
= 5000
GST is levied on Discounts also. In tally discount should be posted in
Debit Note Let we see how to post the transactions in tally
Ctrl + A to Save
Step 7 Report
Gateway of Tally > Display > Statutory Report > GST > GSTR3B
Q42. Mr. Ajay (Hyderabad) provides consultancy services to Mr. Vijay (unregistered,
address on record shows Tamil Nadu) and charged Rs.10000, levied GST @18%. Even
provided consultancy services to Mr. Anand (unregistered and address is not
available) Rs.15000, GST @ 12%. Show the transactions in Tally.
Generally, the place of supply of services is the location of the service recipient.
In cases where the services are provided to an unregistered dealer and their
location is not available the location of service provider will be the place of
provision of service.
Special provisions have been made to determine the place of supply for the
following services:
In case of services related to immovable property, the location of the property is the
place of provision of services.
In the situation 1 Mrs Rani has with draws money from ATM in Hyderabad the
place of service is Hyderabad as the place of service is in Hyderabad and
location of service is also Hyderabad in the same state so the charge of tax will
be CGST and SGST
In the situation 2 Mrs Rani has withdrawn Rs. 50000 from ATM in Kerala. The
place of service is Kerala. Because the service is done in Kerala and location of
service is also in Kerala in the same state so the charge of tax will be CGST and
SGST (the taxes will be charged by the Kerala)
Q44. M/s Pooja sold 250 laptops to M/s.Raj for Rs. 50,000 each.Tax Invoice was raised.
They were given discount of Rs.5000. M/s Raj returned 250 laptops .Assuming GST
rate is 18%. Show discount and GST ledger.
In the given problem it is assumed that discount will not have any effect of GST
discount is assumed as on account.
Step 4 Accounting voucher
Gateway of Tally > Accounting Vouchers > press ctrl +F8 for Debit Note and enter the
below particulars
Q45. Assume five intra state purchase and sale transactions and show Input tax credit
in Tally.
Ltd. Gateway of Tally >Press Alt+F3>Create Company > fill the below
particulars
Gateway of Tally >> Display >> Statutory Reports >> GST >> GSTR3B
Q46. Out ward supplies, B2B, Goods sold to R dealer Rs. 120000, Goods sold to
Customer (B2C) Rs.15000, Goods sold to Interstate dealer Y Rs. 150000. Assuming
GST @ 18% show the effect of outward supplies in GST Return.
Purchase:
Party Name State GSTIN Item Qt Rate Amoun GST Tot.
y t Amt
Primodia Gujarat 24AAACC6106G2Z6 computer 10 25000 250000 45000 295000
Vijay Textiles Maharastra 27AAACC6106G4ZY computer 5 25000 125000 22500 147500
Deltra Global Karnataka 29AAACC6106G1ZX computer 12 25000 300000 54000 354000
Lallu Pvt Ltd Kerala 32AAACC6106G3Z8 computer 15 25000 375000 67500 442500
Bheema & Co Tamilnadu 33AAACC6106G5Z4 computer 20 25000 500000 90000 590000
Sales
Tot.
Party Name State GSTIN Item Qt Rate Amoun GST Amt
y t
Kiran Kumar Gujarat 24AAACC6106G2Z6 computer 5 30000 125000 22500 147500
Kishore Maharastra 27AAACC6106G4ZY computer 3 30000 75000 13500 88500
Reeha Enterprises Karnataka 29AAACC6106G1ZX computer 8 30000 200000 36000 236000
Anviksha & Co Kerala 32AAACC6106G3Z8 computer 10 30000 250000 45000 295000
Kumar & Co Tamilnadu 33AAACC6106G5Z4 computer 15 30000 375000 67500 442500
Name : Primodia
Under : Sundry Creditor State:
Gujarat
Registration type : Regular GSTIN/UIN
:24AAACC6106G2Z6
Ctrl + A to save
Ctrl + A to save
Name : Deltra Global Under :
Sundry Creditor State:
Karnataka Registration type :
Regular
GSTIN/UIN :29AAACC6106G1ZX
Ctrl + A to save
Name : Kishore
Under : Sundry Debtor State:
Maharastra Registration type :
Regular
GSTIN/UIN :27AAACC6106G4ZY
Ctrl + A to save
Name : IGST
Under : Duties & Taxes Type of
Duty /Tax : GST Tax Type :
Integrated Tax Ctrl + A to save
Gateway of tally >> Inventory Info >> stock items >> Create
Name: Computer
Under : Primary Units
:Nos
GST Applicable : Applicable
Set/alter GST Details ? Yes
Description: Computer
HSN Code: 8471
Calculation type: On Value
Taxability: Taxable Integrated
Tax : 18% Central Tax : 9%
State Tax : 9%
Cess : 0%
Type of Supply : Goods
Ctrl + A Save
14750
0
Ctrl + A Save
35400
0
Ctrl + A Save
44250
0
Ctrl + A Save
59000
0
Ctrl + A Save
Click on F8 Sales on right side button bar or press F8
Press Alt + I to convert into Item Invoice. And give the particulars as below
17700
0
Ctrl + A Save
17700
0
Ctrl + A Save
28320
0
Ctrl + A Save
Ctrl + A Save
Ref No. : 05 Date: 1-4-
18 Party Name : Kumar & Co
Purchase Ledger : GST – Sales
53100
0
Ctrl + A Save
Reports
Gateway of Tally >> Display >> Statutory Reports >> GST >> GSTR3B
49. Out ward supplies, B2B, Goods sold to R dealer Rs. 120000, Goods sold to Customer (B2C)
Rs.15000, Goods sold to Interstate dealer Y Rs. 150000. Assuming GST @ 18% show the
effect of outward supplies in GST Return.
Gateway of Tally >Press Alt+F3>Create Company > fill the below particulars
Name : Y Dealer
Under : sundry debtor
State: Tamil Nadu Registration
type : Regular
GSTIN/UIN :33AAACC6106G5Z4
Ctrl + A to save
Name : IGST
Under : Duties & Taxes Type of
Duty /Tax : GST Tax Type :
Integrated Tax Ctrl + A to save
Name : CGST
Under : Duties & Taxes Type of
Duty /Tax : GST Tax Type :
Central Tax Ctrl + A to save
Name: SGST
Under: Duties & Taxes Type of
Duty /Tax: GST Tax Type:
State Tax Ctrl + A to save
Ctrl + A Save
Name : IGST- Sales
Under : Sales
Account Is GST Applicable ? Applicable
Set / alter GST details ? Yes and press F12 and make Yes to All
columns Description : Goods
HSN / SAC 1234
Nature of Transaction : Interstate Sales
Taxable Integrated Tax : 18%
Central Tax : 9%
State Tax : 9%
Cess : 0%
Type of Supply :
Goods Ctrl + A save
Voucher Entry
Gateway of Tally >> Accounting Voucher
Ref No. 1
Party Name : R Dealer
Particulars Amount
GST – 12000
Sales 0
CGST 1080
SGST 0
1080
Total 0
14160
0
2
Party Name : Cash
Select GST registration type as consumer in dispatch detail
Particulars Amount
GST – 1500
Sales 0
CGST 135
SGST 0
135
Total 0
177
0
17700
0
Ctrl + A Save
Reports
Gateway of Tally >> Display >> Statutory Report >> GST>> GSTR1
50. Purchased goods from registered dealer M/s Modern, Rs. 50000 and Rs. 5000 was
paid as advance, Purchased goods from unregistered dealer M/s. Ram Rs. 40000.
Purchased goods from interstate dealer M/s Jyothi. Rs. 75000. Goods returned to M/s
Jyothi Rs.5000, after raising tax invoice. Record Inward supplies in Tally.
Gateway of Tally >Press Alt+F3>Create Company > fill the below particulars
Name : Ram
Under : Sundry Creditor State:
Telangana
Registration type : Unregistered Ctrl
+ A to save
Name : IGST
Under : Duties & Taxes Type of
Duty /Tax : GST Tax Type :
Integrated Tax Ctrl + A to save
Name : CGST
Under : Duties & Taxes Type of
Duty /Tax : GST Tax Type :
Central Tax Ctrl + A to save
Name: SGST
Under: Duties & Taxes Type of
Duty /Tax: GST Tax Type:
State Tax Ctrl + A to save
Ctrl + A Save
Name : IGST- Purchase
Under : Purchase
Account Is GST Applicable ? Applicable
Set / alter GST details ? Yes and press F12 and make Yes to All
columns Description : Goods
HSN / SAC 1234
Nature of Transaction : Interstate Purchase
Taxable Integrated Tax : 18%
Central Tax : 9%
State Tax : 9%
Cess : 0%
Type of Supply :
Goods Ctrl + A save
Voucher Entry
Gateway of Tally >> Accounting Voucher
Ref No. 52
Party Name : M/s Modern
Particulars Amount
GST – 5000
Purchase 0
CGST 450
SGST 0
450
Total 0
5900
0
Ctrl + A Save
Ctrl + A save
Ctrl + A Save
Ctrl + A Save
Activate Debit Note and Credit Note from Gateway of Tally F11
Company Feature >> Inventory Features >> Use Debit Note Notes
and Credit Notes – YES and Record Debit Notes in invoice – YES
Total 590
0
Ctrl + A Save
Reports
Gateway of Tally >> Display >> Statutory Reports >> GST >> GSTR2