Foreign Policy and Political Thinkers

Foreign policy is of great importance to political thinkers. It has been

defined by many thinkers in this way.

Rodee Rode

Foreign policy is the formulation and implementation of principles that

determine the behavior of a state in negotiating with other states to
protect its interests.

George Modelski

Foreign policy is the system of activities by which groups change the

behavior of other states or adapt their activities to the international
environment.

Morgenthau

The human role in world politics that humans play in international

tolerance is called foreign politics.

Morg

“World politics is the global role that humans play in the international
community.”

Prof. Joseph Frankel

Foreign policy consists of decisions and activities that shape relations

between two or more states

Pedal Ford and Lincoln

Foreign policy is the key stage in the process by which a state translates
its broader goals and interests into concrete action.”

Professor F.S Northedge

Foreign policy is the political influence by which a state compels the

legislative power of other states to act in accordance with its will. It is the
interaction of forces arising outside the borders of the country and within
it."

According to a Political Philosopher:

"A state without a foreign policy is like a ship without radar which drifts
aimlessly without ny direction by every storm and sweep of events."

A state without a foreign policy is like a ship without radar which is sailing
in the sea without any radar which is unable to determine its direction and
is at the mercy of the waves and the storm. The storm may lift it in any
direction it wants and it will continue to be pushed here and there
aimlessly in any direction."

Objectives of Foreign Policy

The pursuit of national interest is considered the aim of foreign policy.

Some thinkers have considered religious interest and foreign policy as a
remedy. The most important thing in the formation of foreign policy is to
The major problem is the identification of problems and interests. The
most important objectives that a state tries to achieve play a fundamental
role in the formation of foreign policy. The most important objectives that
a state

The main objectives of foreign policy are as follows:

1. Integrity and unity of the state

(1) Territorial security

(ii) Protection of political freedom

2 National security

(1) Peace treaties

(ii) Personal security treaties

3 Economic development

4. National power

5.National ideology

6 National prestige

7. International relations

Security and Integrity of State

Protecting the integrity and unity of the state and the rights and interests
of its citizens is the primary objective of the foreign policy of the state. For
this purpose, states generally give priority to the policies that are already
in place. If a state changes its policy which upsets the first policy, the
new policy is called a review policy. Due to this policy, suspicions about
the state’s policies arise in the international community.

Territorial Integrity

Protection of state borders is an important objective of foreign policy. No

state can tolerate that another state poses a threat to its territorial
integrity. Even if a state seizes a territory from another state in a war
situation, its goal is to regain that territory.
Protection of Political Independence

In most states, thanks to democracy, its policies are considered to be an

expression of public aspirations. Every state wants to ensure the
protection of its freedom and sovereignty. If ever the political freedom of a
state is abolished, it tries its best to regain it.

National Security

The main objectives of national foreign policy are national security. The
main duties of the state include the fact that it should protect its national
interests at all costs. The interests of states keep clashing with each other,
so states try to maintain national independence and security by keeping
all these factors in mind.

States take the following measures to ensure national security Treaties:

Personal Security Treaties

Peace Treaties

States enter into peace treaties with other states for their security,
sovereignty and territorial integrity. The main purpose of these treaties is
that states will not wage war on each other and will make every effort to
maintain peace.

Self-Security Treaties

In the modern era, states try to ensure their security in the form of large
groups to protect their existence. In modern era, agreements like Ceto
Santo and NATO are examples of self-security.

Economic Development

In the modern era, the power and influence of a state is assessed by

looking at its economic development. States are eager to formulate such
policies that will help their economy grow rapidly. States make such
agreements with other states through which they can protect their
economic interests. They can also exploit and abuse productive resources.

Makes the country dependent on the international community. It exports

its surplus goods to other countries while importing the goods it produces
in short supply.

National Power

An important and fundamental objective of foreign policy is to increase

national power. When states increase their national power, the influence
and influence of these states increases. States try to adopt a policy of self-
sufficiency to reduce the influence and influence of other states.

National Ideologies

National ideologies are factors that any state tries to preserve these
ideologies at all costs. These ideologies include beliefs, social customs,
and traditions of the past. Therefore, a state keeps its national ideologies
in mind while formulating foreign policy. It protects these ideologies
through its policies. States also try to impose these ideologies on other
states through foreign policy. For example, Pakistan and other Muslim
countries protect Islamic ideologies, while Russia and the United States
protect the capitalist system and seem to want to extend these ideologies
to other countries.

National Honour

The more powerful the states are, the more they will be able to protect
their national ideologies. Thanks to its foreign policy, it will increase its
national prestige so much. No one trades for its national interests and
prestige for the sake of the state. Public sentiments are very sensitive in
the matter of national prestige.

International Relations

An important and fundamental objective of foreign policy is to strengthen

relations with the international community. International relations play an
important role in determining and protecting our interests.

Factors Influencing Foreign Policy or Determinants of Foreign

Policy

When a state formulates its foreign policy, its internal and external
conditions and environment are taken into account. In the internal
environment, political parties, economic elements and pressure groups
also play an important role in the country’s foreign policy. Three groups
play an important role in determining foreign policy:

1 Internal factors

2 External factors

3 Policy making factors

Internal Factors

Geography

Economic Development
Area

History and Culture

National Development

Technology and Education

Role of the Press

Social Structure

And Political Institutions

Accountability

Political Environment

Leadership