2013 ALE REVIEW Questions – Crop Science / 35

PLANT PROPAGATION, SEED PRODUCTION & SEED

STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

NEMESIO V. TAMAYO

Practice Test. - Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The Philippine Seedboard was replaced by the National Seed Industry Council beginning
March 27, 1992 by what law?
A) RA 7308
B) RA 2000
C) RA 7001
D) AFMA

2. In seed production, roguing shall be done several times at different stages of the crop
development however, the best time is when the crop is in
A) vegetative stage
B) full bloom
C) maturity and
D) right before harvesting.

3. Choose the character that does not fit the definition of physiological maturity of the seeds
A) maximum germination or viability
B) dry seed weight is maximum
C) maximum vigor capability and
D) very low seed moisture content.

4. The class of seed which considered the purest in terms of varietal purity is
A) breeder seed
B) foundation seed
C) registered seed
D) certified seed.

5. A properly dried seed can be stored for longer duration with high germination using this
container
A) paper bags
B) sealed tin cans
C) jute sack
D) plastic sack

6. An example of recalcitrant seeds

A) tomato
B) eggplant
C) avocado
D) star apple

7. What classes of seeds are not recognized under Philippine Seed Certification System
A) Foundation seed
B) Registered seed
C) Good seed
D) Certified seed,

8. Cabbage, onion, carrots require______ for flower induction.

A) vernalization
B) rainfall
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C) high temperature
D) adequate amount of fertilizer

9. An example of biennial vegetable crop is

A) tomato
B) onion
C) eggplant
D) squash

10. Which is not included as rogues in seed production

A) weeds
B) plants that are genetically pure and conform with the standard of the variety intended
for reproduction
C) plants of another cultivars of the same species
D) diseased plant of the same crop species.

11. Theoretically, crops intended for seed production shall be harvested at the point of
A) physiological maturity
B) when the fruits are very dry
C) when there is no rain
D) when sunlight is very intense so that seed quality are good.

12. Under Philippine condition, what character is not routinely analyze in the seed testing
laboratory to become a certified seeds
A) physical purity
B) germination
C) incidence of seedborne diseases
D) moisture content

13. The most important factors needed for seed germination is:
A) Light
B) Temperature
C) Oxygen
D) Water

14. An example of monoecious plant

a) Corn
b) Squash
C) Cucumber
D) All choices

15. The scientist formulated the Rule of Thumb in storage of seeds is

A) Harrington
B) Taylor
C) Collin
D) Van Daar

16. Which is not recommended for treating seed dormancy

A) hydrochloric acid treatment
B) hot treatment
C) mechanical abrasion of seed coat
D) treating the seeds using abscissic acid

17. The best seed storage temperature for orthodox seeds when the seed moisture is 4% to 14%.
is:
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A) 10oC
B) 15oC
C) 20oC
D) 25oC,

18. Who is not member of the National Seed Industry Council (the former Philippine Seedboard)
A) Secretary of Agriculture
B) Bureau of Plant Industry Director
C) Crop Research Director, PCARRD
D) National Food Authority Administrator

19. Quality seeds of bulb onion and cabbage are not produced in the tropics due to this factor
A) high temperature
B) high humidity
C) high light intensity
D) all choices

20. The germination percentage of tomato after seed testing was 96 percent. Under Philippine
Condition, the class of seed of tomato is
A) breeder seed
B) foundation seed
C) registered seed
D) good seed

21. In purity analysis of the seeds, pure seed includes

A) immature seeds
B) seedlike structures
C) seeds less than one half in size of the seeds currently analyzed and
D) all choices.

22. When the seed moisture content of the seed is ______ inhibit insect activity or little insect
activity.
A) 45-60%
B) 18-20%
C) above 20-45% but below 45%
D) below 8-9%

23. In different classes of seeds, a white tag shall be attached to the bag of:
A. Breeder seed
B. Foundation seed
C. Registered seed
D. Certified seed of rice.

24. An example of crop that needs light in order to germinate is

A) lettuce
B) tomato
C) eggplant
D) mungbean

25. In seed formation, the zygote which gives rise to the embryo is formed by the fusion of:
A) Sperm cell + antipodals
B). Sperm cell + egg cell
C) Sperm cell + polar nuclei
D) Sperm cell + synergids
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26. At higher relative humidity (about 90 %) and temperature of 25 0C what seed has lower seed
moisture content?
A) rice
B) corn
C) peanut
D) mungbean

27. _______ is a series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed.
A. Pollination
B. Reproduction
C. Germination
D. Fertilization

28. In seed plants, sperm travel down a(n) __________ to reach the egg.
A. stigma tube
B. ovule tube
C. pollen tube
D. stamen tube

29. A plant produces small flowers that do not have a strong odor and are not brightly colored. The
plant probably is pollinated by __________.
A. bees
B. bats
C. flies
D. the wind

30. Seeds which cannot be dried to a low moisture level and cannot tolerate low temperature like
citrus and jackfruit are considered:
A. Recalcitrant
B. Orthodox
C. Intermediate
D. None of the above

31. The aim is to maintain and make available to farmers, high quality and genetically pure seeds of
superior cultivars.
A. Field inspection
B. Seed germination
C. Seed testing
D. Seed certification

32. Which of the following is/are optional requirements for favorable seed germination?
A. Optimum temperature
B. 20% oxygen concentration
C. Light
D. Proper amount of water

33. The rule of thumb in storage of seeds according to Harington is/are:

I. For every decrease of 1% in moisture the life of the seed is doubled. This rule applies
between 4% to 14% seed moisture.
II. For every decrease of 10°F (5 0C) in storage temperature the life of the seed is doubled.
This rule applies between 00C to 500C.
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Choices are: A) Statement I & II are correct

B) Statement I & II are not correct
C) Statement I is correct but statement II is not correct
D) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

34. An examples of orthodox seeds are:

I. jackfruit, citrus II. mango, chayote III. mungbean, squash IV. tomato, pechay
A) I & II
B) III & IV
C) I & III
D) II & IV
35. Has more influence than temperature in affecting seed longevity
A) Relative humidity
B) Moisture content
C) Oil
D) Protein

36. Tin cans, cellophane- aluminum polyethylene packets, glass jars or bottles are example of this
container. I) Hermetic storage II) Porous container III) Moisture resistant container IV) Moisture
proof container
Choices are A) I and II
B) I and IV
C) II and III
D) II and IV)

37. The best container in maintaining the storage life of orthodox seeds when moisture content is low
A. Tin Cans
B. Paper bags
C. Polyethylene bags
D. Plastic sack

38. The Philippine 1st hybrid rice.

A) Mestizo 1
B) Mestizo 4
C) Mestizo 5
D) Magat hybrid

39. Which is not included as the effect of gibberellic acid in hybrid rice seed production.
A. increase the duration of floret opening
B. prolong stigma receptivity
C. widens the flag leaf angle
D. early maturity

40. Which is NOT included as the advantage(s) of flag leaf clipping in hybrid rice seed production
is/are
A. control the spread of bacterial leaf blight
B. gives uniform distribution of pollen over A line plants
C. better pollination and seed set
D. All choices are correct

41. The most favorable condition for storing orthodox seeds is:
A. Dry and cool condition
B. Dry and hot condition
C. Moist and cool condition
D. Moist and hot condition
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42. Hardseededness may be broken by the following methods except:

A. Soaking in boiling water for several minutes
B. Soaking in tap water for 24 hrs.
C. Rubbing the embryo part on sand paper
D. Both a and b

43. Among the following desiccants of drying agents, ____ is the most effective, thus a smaller
amount is required:
A. Lime
B. Charcoal
C. Silica gel
D. Wood ash

44. The most suitable substrate for germination test of very small seeds is:
A. Rolled filter paper
B. Petri dish lined with filter paper
C. Ragdoll method
D. Sand

45. Which of the seed quality factor is not routinely determined in the seed testing laboratory under
Philippine condition
A) physical Purity
B) moisture content
C) varietal purity
D) seed vigor

46. Abaca in Bicol is afflicted by virus diseases. There are techniques to mass produce disease-free
planting materials like:
A. Division of corms coming from existing farms
B. Tissue culture
C. Using desuckering tools
D. Grafting abaca with resistant varieties

47. The root crops like ube and gabi are propagated commercially by:
A. Suckers
B. Division
C. Root cuttings
D. Runners

48. In large farms, the selection of planting materials for rubber, citrus, durian, rambutan, pummelo,
and lansones the recommended practice to assure good production like that of the selected
varieties/clones is:
A. Seedlings
B. Grafting
C. Cuttings
D. Marcotting

49. Mangosteen and marang are exotic fruits grown in Mindanao. They are generally propagated by
seeds. After eating the fruit the seeds are germinated right away within a week because
they don’t store well. The reason is:
A. Seeds of mangosteen and marang are orthodox seeds
B. Seeds of mangosteen are apomictic
C. Seeds of mangosteen and marang are recalcitrant seeds
D. Seeds would germinate only in the dark
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50. What seed when dried at low moisture and stock at ordinary room condition using paper bag as
the container loss the viability faster?
A) rice
B) peanut
C) corn
D) sorghum

51. Classification of seeds are based on these concepts:

A. Orthodox seeds can be kept for long periods in storage when moisture content is
low
B. Recalcitrant seeds are more associated with perennial horticultural crops
C. Seeds of corn, rice, eggplant and squash are recalcitrant seeds
D. Seeds of rambutan, mango and avocado are orthodox seeds

52 .The best type of planting materials for crops like cereals and field legumes are:
A. Seeds
B. Stem cuttings
C. Root cuttings
D. Tissue cultured plants

53. Crops with any of the following characteristics are direct seeded
A. Seeds are difficult to germinate
B. Seeds are expensive
C. Seedlings cannot tolerate root disturbances
D. seedlings develop multiple tap roots

54. Direct seeding is commonly practiced in planting

A. Eggplant
B. Mango
C. Corn
D. Tomato

55. A leafy shoot originating from axillary buds borne at the base of the pineapple fruit is called:
A. Sucker
B. Runner
C. Slip
D. Corn

56. The production of new plants from underground stems is an example of __________
reproduction.

A. sexual
B. zygote
C. asexual
D. two parent

57. What tiny round parts contain the egg cells of a seed plant?
A. testes
B. ovules
C. stamen
D. ovaries

58. What kind of reproduction forms new plants not identical to the parents?
A. asexual reproduction
B. sexual reproduction
C. fission
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D. budding

59. If the pollen is transferred to the stigma of the same flower, it is called __________.
A. allogamy
B. autogamy
C. cross pollination
D. double fertilization

60. In angiosperms fertilization occurs in the:

A. anther
B. ovule
C. style
D. root
61. A method of asexual propagation in which missing organ(s) is allowed to regenerate on detached
vegetative part of the plant.
a. Marcotting
b. Cutting
c. Budding
d. Grafting

62. Sexual propagation is also known as

A. Vegetative propagation
B. Tissue Culture
C. Embryo Culture
D. Seed propagation

63. Propagation which preserve the characters of the parent plant

A. Sexual
B. Thinning
C. Asexual
D. Etiolation

64. Combining together a root stock and scion until they unite permanently
A. Marcotting
B. Layering
C. Grafting
D. Cutting

65. Example of plant propagated by root cutting

A. Onion
B. Okra
C. Guava
D. Eggplant

66. Air Layering is also known as

A. Marcotting
B. Budding
C. Grafting
D. Inarching
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67.A mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two slopin
g cuts,and the end of the stock is made a wedge cut.

A. Grafting by approach
B. Layering
C. Marcotting
D. Saddle grafting

68. Inarching is also known as:

E. Grafting by approach
F. Layering
G. Marcotting
H. Serpentine

69. Most tropical seed usually germinate in air containing

A. 50% O2
B. 55% O2
C. 40% O2
D. 20% O2

70. Method of plant propagation for discovery of new variety

A. tissue propagation
B. embryo propagation
C. vegetative propagation
D. sexual propagation

71. The easiest method of artificial propagation

A. marcotting
B. inarching
C. layering
D. cutting

72. Type of germination when the cotyledon comes above the ground
A. Hypogeal
B. Epigeal
C. Hypho-epigeal
D. Non of the above

73. Term to describe the mucilage or waxy materials around some seed which causes physical
dormancy
A. Exodermus
B. Seed coat
C. Sacro-testa
D. All of the above

74. The treatment that removes the seed coat or alter it making it permeable to water
A. scarification
B. stratification
C. vernalization
D. separation
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75. The placement of seeds between layers of either moist, sand, soil, or sawdust at high or low
temperature so the action of water high and low temperature will soften the seedcoat
A. separation
B. Vernalization
C. Scarification
D. Stratification

76. Term used to describe seeds of some plants that could be kept viable for longer periods,
provided they are properly dried and stored
A. Recalcitrant
B. Foundation
C. Orthodox
D. Certified

77. Chayote is example of:

A. Recalcitrant seed
B. Registered seed
C. Foundation seed
D. Orthodox seed

78. Another term for propagating material

A. vegetative
B. separation
C. division
D. propagules

79. Method of artificial vegetative propagation involving regeneration of severed plant part (roots,
leafs or stem) from the parent plant.
A. layering
B. grafting
C. budding
D. cutting

80. Type of cuttings consist of leaf blade, petiole and short piece of the stem with an axillary
bud.
A. stem cutting
B. leaf
C. leaf bud
D. root

81. Type of grafting for overgrown stocks too large for other grafting off operation
A. saddle
B. whip and tongue
C. cleft
D. bark

82. In grafting, the scion is placed in a slit in the stock or stump made by sawing or cutting a branch
the process is:
A. whip and tongue grafting
B. bark grafting
C. saddle grafting
D. cleft grafting

83. These type of grafting allows a bigger area of cambial contact between the rootstock and the
scion hence, it heals quickly and makes a very strong union.
A. Cleft grafting
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B. Saddle grafting
C. Whip & tongue grafting
D. Bark grafting

84. An specialized form of grafting in which a single detached bud is used as the scion, instead of the
stem.
A. Cleft
B. Saddle
C. Whip & tongue
D. Budding

85. Method of artificial vegetation propagation when the plant part to be rooted is still attached from
the parent plant which supplies the nutrients and moisture while the parts is rooting.
A. Cutting
B. Grafting
C. Layering
D. d. Budding

86. Method of artificial plant propagation when rootstock and scion are made to unite while both of
them are still growing on their own roots.
A. marcotting
B. inarching
C. grafting
D. layering

87. The most common asexual means in propagating chico is:

A) grafting
B) approach grafting
C) marcotting
D) inarching

88. In hybrid rice seed production which is the female parent

A. the A line or CMS
B. the B line or maintainer line
C. the R line or restorer line
D. no answer

89. Successfully grafted plants bear the flowers and fruits characteristic of the _______.
A. scion
B. stock
C. either scion or stock
D. a mixture of scion and stock

90. A method to overcome embryo dormancy by exposing the seed to a period of cold or warm,
moist conditions for a period of time.
A. Stratification
B. Scarification
C. Fermentation
D. Vernalization

91. Exposing some plants to cool temperature for flower induction

A. Stratification
B. Scarification
C. Fermentation
D. Vernalization
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92. Type of seeds that germinated while still inside the fruit
A. viviparous seeds
B. recalcitrant seeds
C. orthodox seeds
D. CMS seeds

93. Dormant seeds caused by impermeable seed coat to water and oxygen can be break by
A. GA3 treatment
B. Scarification
C. Expose to light
D. All choices

94. In tetrazolium test, viable seeds will stain

A. yellow
B. green
C. red
D. blue

95. In the process of seed development the egg apparatus is composed of

A. egg cell + synergids
B. egg cell + polar nuclei
C. synergids + antipodal
D. synergids + polar nuclei

96. Carbohydrate reserved of seeds will be hydrolyzed finally as

A. fructose
B. sucrose
C. glucose
D. lactose

97. Which of the following is optional requirement for seed germination?

A. optimum temperature
B. oxygen
C. light
D. proper amount of water

98. The root crops like gabi and ube are propagated commercially by
A. runners
B. root cuttings
C. suckers
D. division

99. A leafy shoot used for propagation originating form axillary buds borne at the base of the
pineapple fruit is called:
A. sucker
B. runner
C. corm
D. slip

100. The practice of growing a new crop out of shoots arising from the previous crop is called:
A. ratooning
B. rejuvenation
C. replanting
D. re-cropping
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