Q.
a)
Definition:-
Structure is collection of elements with different name an different data types
Syntax to Define a Structure
The basic syntax to define a structure is as follows:
struct structure_name
{
data_type member1;
data_type member2;
// Other members...
}structure variable;
Where:
struct is the keyword used to define a structure.
structure_name is the name you give to the structure
member1, member2, etc., are the names of the structure members, and each member has a
specified data_type.
Structure variable is used to access structure members
b)
A character array is simply an array of characters. It is used to store a sequence of characters in
a contiguous block of memory.
Declaration of Character Array:
To declare a character array in C, you specify the type char, followed by the name of the array
and the number of elements
For example:
char name[10];
This declaration creates an array that can hold 10 characters.
d)
Function in C
A function in C is a block of code that performs a specific task.
A large program is divided into a multiple functions
Each function perform specific task
Syntax
return_type function_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...)
// Body of the function
// Code to perform the task
return value; // If the return type is not void
Need of fuction
Functions allow for the modularization of code, making it more organized, reusable, and easier to
debug.
e)
malloc(): Allocates a specified number of bytes of memory and returns a pointer to the first
byte, initializing the memory to garbage values.
calloc(): Allocates memory for a specified number of elements, each of a specified size, and
initializes all the bytes to zero.
getchar(): Reads a single character from the standard input (keyboard) and returns it as an
integer.
putchar(): Writes a single character to the standard output (screen).
f)
A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable
Pointer Declaration:
data_type *pointer_name;
For example:
int *ptr; // Declares a pointer to an integer
Pointer Initialization:
To initialize a pointer, you assign it the address of a variable using the address-of operator (&).
int a = 10;
int *ptr = &a; // Initializes ptr to the address of variable a
Here:
a is an integer variable.
ptr is a pointer that holds the memory address of a.
&a is the address of a.
Simple Example:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
int num = 5;
int *ptr;
ptr = #
printf("Value of num: %d\n", num);
printf("Address of num: %p\n", (void*)&num);
getch();
}
g)
1. & (Address-of operator):
The & operator is used to obtain the memory address of a variable. It returns the address where a
variable is stored.
Syntax
&variable_name
int a = 10;
int *ptr;
ptr = &a; // &a gives the address of 'a' and stores it in ptr
2. * (Dereference operator):
The * operator is used to access the value stored at the memory address a pointer is pointing to. It
is called dereferencing the pointer.
Syntax
*pointer_name
If ptr is a pointer to an integer, *ptr gives the value stored at the memory address pointed to by
ptr.
Q.2
a)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
int a[10],i;
clrscr();
printf("\nn Enter 10 Array Elements ");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("\n Array Elements are ");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
printf("\n %d ",a[i]);
getch();
}
b)
c)
Here is a list of string handling functions in C:
1. strlen()
2. strcpy()
3. strcat()
4. strcmp()
5. strlwr()
6. struppr()
7. strrev()
strlen():- It is a standard predefined string handling function used to find length of a string
Syntax :- strlen(str)
strrev():- It is a standard predefined string handling function used to reverse a string
Syntax :- strrev(str)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
char str[30];
clrscr();
printf(“Enter a String ”);
scanf(“%s”,&str);
printf(“\n Length of string is %d ”,strlen(str));
printf(“\n Reverse of string is %s ”,strrev(str));
e)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void product();
void main()
int a,b;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter Two Numbers ");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
printf("\n Product is %d ",a*b);
getch();
f)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
int a=10,*ptr;
clrscr();
ptr=&a;
printf("\n Address of a is %u ",ptr);
printf("\n Value of a is %d ",*ptr);
getch();
