Date: Monday, 26 August 2024
How is the earth structured?
How could these two things be similar?
Learning objective: To understand how the earth is structured, and how
this may relate to natural hazards
You have created an explanation
Gold Success Criteria
as to how convection current Explain what a
may cause natural hazards convection current is
and how they lead to
natural hazards
Silver Success
You have completed a table
Criteria showing the key features
Describe the of each part of the earth
different parts of
the earth
Bronze Success
Criteria You have correctly labelled a diagram
Identify the main of the earth showing its structure
parts of the earth
What are the parts of the earth?
The Earth consists of four concentric layers: inner core, outer core, mantle
and crust. The crust is made up of tectonic plates, which are in constant
motion.
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
Challenge: Create a comparison to help you remember the layers e.g. munchie
I think the earth is like a ______ because…
What are the parts of the earth?
The Earth consists of four concentric layers: inner core, outer core, mantle
and crust. The crust is made up of tectonic plates, which are in constant
motion.
TASK: Draw the diagram to show the 4 concentric layers of the earth. You
must label each layer accurately.
Challenge: Create a comparison to help you remember the layers e.g. munchie
Challenge: Which part might be the hottest? Why?
Learning objective: To understand how the earth is structured, and how
this may relate to natural hazards
Prove it!: Name the layer
Challenge: Which part might be the hottest?
Why?
Bronze Success
Progress step 1 You have correctly labelled a diagram
Criteria
Identify the main of the earth showing its structure
Identify the main
parts of the earth
parts of the earth
What do you notice?
Bang goes the theory
http://www.bbc.co.uk/progra
mmes/p00gfcjk
The structure of the earth...
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography
/natural_hazards/tectonic_plates_video.shtml Watch
to 1:50.
Crust
Thin layer of rock and soil
Thinnest layer (5-70km
thick)
Made of slowly moving
plates (sections of rock)
Mantle
Thickest layer (up to 2800km
down)
Made of hot heavy rock (silica)
Average temperature of 1600oC
Outer core
Sits beneath the mantle
(nearly 3000km down)
Average temperature of
3000oC
Made of liquid iron and nickel
Inner core
The very centre of the earth
1300km thick and reaches
temperatures of 5500oC
Made of solid iron and nickel
Quick quiz!
1. Which layer is the thickest?
2. What is the crust made of?
3. Which layer is the hottest?
4. What is the inner/outer core made of?
5. What temperature is the mantle?
6. What affect does the mantle have on the
crust?
Look at an egg’s
shell…
The earth’s crust is not one solid
piece- it is broken into huge slabs
of rock called tectonic plates.
Now compare it with the earth’s
surface.
What do you notice?
Learning Activity…
• Name the 9 missing plates.
Self
Marking…
Grab a
green pen
Please tick
and/or
correct each
section
1. North American 5. Pacific
2. South American 6. Antarctic
3. Eurasian 7. Coco’s 9. Philippines
4. African 8. Indian
Location of the tectonic plates.
i r e
ofF
R ing ap!
t he our m
d y
Ad to
Ring of Fire
Learning Activity…
1. What tectonic plate do we live on?
2. Name the main tectonic plate to the
west of the Pacific Plate.
3. Name two plates moving towards each
other.
4. Name two plates moving away from
each other.
Self
Learning Activity… Marking…
Grab a red pen
How did you do? Please tick
What tectonic plate do we live on? and/or correct
Eurasian each section
Name the main tectonic plate to the west of the Pacific
Plate.
Eurasian Plate
Name two plates moving towards each other.
Nazca & South American,
Eurasian & Pacific (Indo-Australian)
Name two plates moving away from each other.
North American & Eurasian
South American & African
Earth’s crust: the outer layer
Earth’s crust: the outer layer
Earth’s crust: the outer layer
Pattern:
Hazards occur in lines along plate
boundaries
Hazards found along coastlines
More hazards on destructive plate
boundaries
Lots of hazards around Pacific plate
(Ring of Fire)
How is the crust moving around so much?
a p an of soup….
Thin k a bo ut What affect is this having on
the crust?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=MmMX83diwl0
The same thing is
going on inside our
earth….
Convection currents…
TASK: Create a labelled diagram with step by step instructions to
explain how convection currents cause plates to move.
Challenge: How could this could lead to natural hazards?
3. As it is viscous (sticky) it causes 2. As the material reaches the
the plate to be dragged along with underside of the crust it is forced
it. along the underside of the crust.
4. When this molten material 1. A convection current is the
cools, it starts to sink back movement of hot sticky, molten
towards the core, and more hot 5. Cycle continues. material that rises from the core to
material rises up. the surface. This is caused by
radioactive decay in the core.
Convection currents
TASK: Create a labelled diagram with step by step instructions to
describe how convection currents cause plates to move.
Word bank: hot core sticky underside rises molten crust plate
surface viscous dragged sink cools core rises
2. As the material reaches the
3. As it is v_____(sticky) it causes u________of the c_____ it is
the p______to be d______along forced along the underside of the
with it. crust.
Convection Convection
1. A convection current is the
movement of h___, s____,
4. When this molten material molten material that r___from
c_____, it starts to s____ back the c____to the c ______. This
towards the c____, and more 5. The process
continues. is caused by radioactive decay in
hot material r____ up. the core.
Convection currents
1. Heat from the core
Task: warms the mantle
Copy this diagram: causing it to rise up.
2. The mantle moves the
plates above it.
3. The mantle nearer the
surface cools and
creates new crust.
4. The mantle moves back
down towards the core.
HOW DO WE KNOW THIS IS ALL TRUE?
What evidence to you think there is that this
theory is correct?
1. Study of fossils – similar fossils are found on different
continents. This is evidence that these regions were once very close or joined
together.
2. Pattern of rocks – similar pattern of rock layers on different continents is
evidence that the rocks were once close together or joined.
3. Shape of continents fit together like a
jigsaw.
Africa
South
America
So….the earth used to look like this. It is known as Pangaea.
Over millions of years because of plate tectonics the places
moved and it now looks very different.
https://www.youtu
be.com/watch?v=z
ocutif0cQY
Summary quiz!
1. Which is the thickest layer of the earth?
2. What is the outer core made of?
3. How hot is the hottest layer of the earth?
4. Where are tectonic hazards found?
5. Name one tectonic plate.
6. Why do you think volcanoes and earthquakes
happen…?
Earth’s crust: the outer layer Earth’s crust: the outer layer
Pattern: Pattern:
Theory of plate movement: convection currents
Theory of plate movement: convection currents
1. Heat from the core
warms the mantle 1. Heat from the core
causing it to rise up. warms the mantle
causing it to rise up.
2. The mantle moves the
plates above it. 2. The mantle moves the
plates above it.
3. The mantle nearer the
surface cools and creates 3. The mantle nearer the
new crust. surface cools and creates
new crust.
4. The mantle moves back
down towards the core. 4. The mantle moves back
down towards the core.
Theory of plate movement: convection currents
Theory of plate movement: convection currents
1. Heat from the core
warms the mantle 1. Heat from the core
causing it to rise up. warms the mantle
causing it to rise up.
2. The mantle moves the
plates above it. 2. The mantle moves the
plates above it.
3. The mantle nearer the
surface cools and creates 3. The mantle nearer the
new crust. surface cools and creates
new crust.
4. The mantle moves back
down towards the core. 4. The mantle moves back
down towards the core.
