Common
Ferns
And Allies
of
New
Brunswick
Botany Blast
May 2019
What is a fern?
• a vascular cryptogram – reproduces by
spores
• have vascular conductive structures, but
do not produce seed
• all New Brunswick species are
herbaceous
Fern Allies (30)
Club-mosses – 14
Spike-mosses – 2
Quillworts – 6
Horsetails – 10
True Ferns (60)
Adder’s-tongue fern – 13 Virginia Chain Fern
Flowering Ferns – 3 (Woodwardia virginica)
Royal Fern
Curly Grass Fern – 1 (Osmunda regalis)
Maidenhair – 2
Hay-Scented – 2
Marsh Fern – 4
Chain Fern – 1
Spleenwort – 3
Woodfern – 31
Polypody - 2
Ferns
Gameotophyte
pix.botany.org/set02/02-041h_300.jpg
Stern 1985
Lycopodium dendroideum
(Prickly Tree Club-moss)
(14 species in NB)
www.lino.com/.../lycopodium_dendroideum.jpg
www.uwgb.edu/.../lycden_aspect01.jpg
Lycopodium hickeyi
(Hickey’s Tree Club-moss)
www.lino.com/.../images/lycopodium_hickeyi.jpg
Lycopodium obscurum
(Flat-branched Ground Pine)
www.portableherbarium.com/Lycopodium-obscurum.jpg
Lycopodium annotinum
(Stiff Club-moss)
www.portableherbarium.com/Lycopodium-annotinu ispb.univ-lyon1.fr/cours/botanique/photos_pte
Huperzia lucidula
(Shining Club-moss)
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/ www.uwgb.edu/.../hupluc_aspect02.jpg
Lycopodium clavatum
(Running Club-moss)
www.lino.com/.../images/lycopodium_clavatum.jpg
www.hlasek.com/foto/lycopodium_clavatum_a5774.jpg
Diphasiastrum digitatum
(Ground Pine)
www.science.siu.edu/landplants/Lycophyta/imag
www.lino.com/.../diphasiastrum_digitatum.jpg
Diphasiastrum complanatum
(Ground-cedar)
www.uwgb.edu
wisplants.uwsp.edu/photos/DIPCOM_EP.jpg
Copyright © by Maciej Romański
Diphasiastrum tristachyum
(Blue Ground-cedar)
www.nhm.ac.uk/.../bps/rasbach/RAS007M.JPG
Spike-mosses
(2 species in NB)
Selaginella rupestris
Rock Spike-moss
Selaginella selaginoides
Northern Spike-moss
Quillworts
(NB has 6 species)
Isoetes
echinospora
www.paflora.org/Isoetes%20echinospora.jpg (Spiny Quillwort)
www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/bps/wof/WF015TL.GIF
www.rook.org/.../ferns/isoetes_echinospora.jpg www.florelaurentienne.com/flore/Groupes/Pteri
Horsetails Equisetum arvense
Field Horsetail
§ NB has 9-10 species
www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/bps/wof/WF0134.JPG floracyberia.net/.../equisetum_arvense.jpg
Equisetum arvense
(Common Field Horsetail)
Clute 1905
Clute 1905
www.pharmakobotanik.de/schfld/Equiset2.jpg
Equisetum fluviatile
(Water Horsetail)
www.henriettesherbal.com/pictures/p05/images/ www.henriettesherbal.com/pictures/p05/images
Equisetum sylvaticum
(Wood Horsetail)
www.portableherbarium.com/Equisetum-sylvaticu.
popgen.unimaas.nl/.../Equisetum.sylvaticum.jpg
Artificial Divisions
of Fern
• The Clumpers: Adiantum, Athyrium,
Deparia, Dryopteris, Matteuccia, Osmunda,
Polystichum.
• The Stringers: Cystopteris, Denstaedtia,
Gymnocarpium, Onoclea, Phegopteris,
Polypodium, Pteridium, Thelypteris,
Woodwardia.
• The Cliff Ferns: Asplenium, Cryptogramma,
Cystopteris, Dryopteris, Gymnocarpium,
Polypodium, Woodsia.
• The Odd Balls: Botrychium,
• Ophioglossum, Schizaea.
Athyrium filix-femina
(Lady Fern)
www.hlasek.com/foto/athyrium_filix-femina_a29
Pteridium aquilnum (Bracken Fern)
Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Hay-scented Fern)
Hay-scented Fern with fruit dots
Cryptogramma stelleri (Slender Cliff-Brake)
www.ct-botanical-society.org/ferns/fernpics/c.
www.fs.fed.us/r9/wildlife/photos/plants/image...
Asplenium ruta-
muraria
Wall-Rue
Spleenwort
http://www.msrosenthal.com/Ferns/images/New_England_Images/Asplenium_ruta-muraria.jpg
Botrychium Odd Balls
matricariifolium
(Daisy-leaf Grape Fern
Ophioglossum
pusillum
(Adder’s Tongue)
www.hlasek.com
Schizaea pusilla
(Curly-grass Fern)
www.mass.gov/.../adder.jpg
herbarium.rutgers.edu/clip
_image002_0000.jpg plants.usda.gov/gallery/
standard/scpu2_1v.jpg
Botrychium virginianum
Rattlesnake Fern
http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/ferns/fernpics/botrychiumvirg.jpg
Botrychium multifidum Botrychium minganense
Mingan Moonwort
Leathery Grape-Fern
http://www.oulu.fi/perameri/kasvit%20ja%2
0elaimet/kasvit/ahonoidanlukko.jpg http://plants.usda.gov/gallery/standard/bomi_001_svp.jpg
Additonal ways to
Group Ferns
• Where is the fertile portion?
– on a separate frond (dimorphic)
– on a limited section of a frond
– just about everywhere
• Are they evergreen?
• What habitat are they in?
– uplands
– wetlands
– cliffs
• wet
• dry
• What type of soil are they growing in
– acid to netural
– basic
Osmunda cinnamomea
(Cinnamon Fern)
www.ct-botanical-society.org/.../osmundacinn.jpg
Osmunda claytoniana
(Interrupted Fern)
http://thosedarnsqurls.mswin.net/Osmunda_claytoniana.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/
Osmunda_claytoniana_JSG.jpg/300px-Osmunda_claytoniana_JSG.jpg
Polystichum acrostichoides
(Christmas Fern)
Athyrium filix-femina
(Lady Fern)
hardyfernlibrary.com/ferns/tind%5Cathyrium-fi
www.fibrex.co.uk/images/photos/athyrium%20fil
online-media.uni-marburg.de/biologie/botex/ex
This ‘Pinnate’ business
Radford 1986
Places spores are
found
Stern 1985
The common Wood Ferns
Dryopteris campyloptera
(Mountain Woodfern)
www.arthurhaines.com/Florae_Novae_Angliae/Pol
Dryopteris carthusiana
(Spinulose Woodfern)
linnaeus.nrm.se/.../polypodia/dryop/dryocar1.jpg
delta-intkey.com/britfe/images/drycar01.jpg
Dryopteris intermedia
(Evergreen Woodfern)
Frond Taper
Thelypteris
noveboracensis
(New York Fern)
Matteuccia struthiopteris
(Fiddlehead Fern)
nefern.info/jpgs/ny2.JPG
linnaeus.nrm.se/.../polypodia/matte/mattstr7.jpg
Cystopteris bulbifera
Bulblet Bladder Fern
www.uwgb.edu/.../cysbul_bulblet01.jpg
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11365/11365-h/images/fern149.jpg
Fertile Frond
remains
Matteuccia Onoclea Osmunda
struthiopteris sensibilis cinnamomea
(Fiddlehead Fern) (Sensitive Fern) (Cinnamon Fern)
www.lino.com/.../image www.lino.com/.../images/os
hardyfernlibrary.com/f s/onoclea_sensibilis.jpg munda_cinnamomea.jpg
erns/tind%5Cmatteuccia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gymno
Gymnocarpium dryopteris carpium_dryopteris_AT.JPG/800px-Gymnocarpium_dryopteris_AT.JPG
Northern Oak Fern
Fiddlehead Fern
(Matteuccia struthiopteris)
