PRAKASH NURSING SCHOOL &COLLEGE OF NURSING, MAU, UTTAR

PRADESH

LESSON PLAN
ON

ATTENTION

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Ravi Kumar B.R JYOTI GOSWAMI
Principal Nursing Tutor
Prakash Nursing School & Prakash Nursing School&
College of Nursing, Mau College of Nursing, Mau

SUBMITTED ON
 LESSON PLAN

NAME OF STAFF : MS. JYOTI GOSWAMI

NAME OF SUBJECT : PSYCHOLOGY
UNIT :
NAME OF THE TOPIC : ATTENTION
DURATION : 45 min
LEVEL OF THE STUDENT : BSC NURSING 1 SEM
NUMBER OF STUDENT : 50
METHOD OF TEACHING : Lecture cum discussion
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION: English, Hindi
AV AIDS : White board
DATE :
TIME :
VENUE : classroom
GENERAL OBJECTIVE :
At the end of the class the students will be able to gain knowledge of about attention.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :
At the end of session the student will be able to:
 Define attention
 Explain the nature of attention
 Explain the types of attention
 Enumerate the uses of attention
SR.N SPECIFIC TIME CONTENT TEACHER LEARNER A.V EVALUATIO
O OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS N

1. To introduce 3min INTRODUCTION : Lecture Listening White

the topic board

Attention is the focus consciousness on a particular object or idea or at a

particular time to the exclusion of other objects or idea.

2. To define 3min DEFINITION : Lecture Listening White Define

attention board attention?

Attention means act of directing one ‘s thought towards a particular act or

object .

Attention is the concentration of consciousness upon one object rather

than upon another.

Attention is the process of getting an object of thought clearly before the

mind.

3. To explain 4 min NATURE : Lecture Listening White Describe the

the nature board nature of
attention?

Attention is focusing on consciousness on a particular object.

Attention is constantly shifting .

 Attention is a mental process.

Attention is state of alertness or preparedness.

Attention has narrow range

4 To explain 10 min TYPES: Lecture Listening White Discuss the

types of board types of
attention attention?
1. NON VOLITIONAL:Attention aroused without will.

Enforced:sustained by instincts

Spontaneous:sustained by a sentiment.

2. VOLITIONAL:voluntary with will.

IMPLICIT:obtained by a single act or will.

EXPLICIT:obtained by repeated acts or will

To define Explain
different uses of
uses of White attention?
listening board
attention lecture
USES OF ATTENTION:

 elective Attention:
This is the ability to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others. This
allows us to concentrate on a task or conversation, filtering out irrelevant
background noise or visual clutter.

 Sustained Attention (Vigilance):

This refers to the ability to maintain focus on a task or activity over an
extended period. It's crucial for tasks that require prolonged concentration,
such as reading, studying, or driving.

 Divided Attention:
This involves focusing on multiple tasks or stimuli simultaneously. While
multitasking is a common activity, research suggests that it can lead to
decreased performance and increased errors compared to focused
attention.

 Executive Attention:
This involves higher-level cognitive processes that control and regulate
attention, such as inhibiting distractions, switching between tasks, and
planning.

 Attention as a Foundation for Cognition:

Attention is a fundamental cognitive process that underpins many other
mental functions, including perception, memory, and learning. Without
attention, we wouldn't be able to process information, form memories, or
engage in meaningful interactions with our environment.

 Attention and Memory:

The ability to focus attention on information is essential for encoding and
storing information in memory. When we attend to something, we are
more likely to remember it.

 Attention and Perception:

Attention plays a crucial role in perception, as it allows us to selectively
attend to certain features of a stimulus, which in turn shapes our
perception of it.

 Attention and Behavior:

Attention is also closely linked to behavior, as it influences our ability to
respond appropriately to stimuli and engage in goal-directed actions.

 Attention in Social Interactions:

Attention is essential for social interactions, as it allows us to focus on
others, understand their cues, and respond appropriately.

 Attention in Learning:
Attention is crucial for learning, as it allows us to focus on new
information and encode it into long-term memory.

 Attention and Emotional Regulation:

Attention can also influence our emotional responses, as we may be more
likely to focus on and react to stimuli that are emotionally salient.

SUMMARY:

in psychology, attention is the cognitive process of selectively

concentrating on specific information while filtering out other stimuli,
allowing us to focus on relevant details and ignore distractions.

CONCLUSION:
To In psychology, attention is a fundamental cognitive process enabling
summarize , selective focus on stimuli, crucial for perception, learning, and memory,
conclude with various types (selective, sustained, divided, executive) impacting
and daily life and performance.
references
regarding
attention
REFERENCES:

 William James's "The Principles of Psychology" (1890), Posner

& Petersen's work on neuroscience (1990), and contemporary
philosophical treatments by Mole et al. (2011), Watzl (2017), and
Jennings (2020).

 Journal Article: Smith, J. (2023). The impact of social media on

adolescent self-esteem. Journal of Adolescent Psychology, 12(2),
123-135.
 Book Chapter: Brown, A., & Jones, B. (2022). Cognitive biases
in decision-making. In C. Miller (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive
psychology (pp. 55-78). Academic Press.
PRAKASH NURSING SCHOOL &COLLEGE OF NURSING, MAU,UTTAR PRADESH

LESSON PLAN ON

PERCEPTION

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Ravi Kumar B.R JYOTI GOSWAMI
Principal Nursing Tutor
Prakash Nursing School & Prakash Nursing School&
College of Nursing, Mau College of Nursing, Mau

SUBMITTED ON

LESSON PLAN
NAME OF STAFF : MS. JYOTI GOSWAMI
NAME OF SUBJECT : PSYCHOLOGY
UNIT :
NAME OF THE TOPIC :
DURATION : 45 min
LEVEL OF THE STUDENT : BSC NURSING 1 SEM
NUMBER OF STUDENT : 50
METHOD OF TEACHING : Lecture cum discussion
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION: English, Hindi
AV AIDS : White board
DATE :
TIME :
VENUE : classroom
GENERAL OBJECTIVE :
At the end of the class the students will be able to gain knowledge of about Perception.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :
At the end of session the student will be able to:
 Define perception
 Explain the nature of Perception
 Explain the types of Perception
 Enumerate the uses of Perception

SR. SPECIFIC TIME CONTENT TEACHER LEARNE A.V EVALUAT

NO OBJECTIV ACTIVITY R AIDS ION
ES ACTIVIT
Y

1. To introduce 3min INTRODUCTION : Lecture Listening White

the topic board

Perception is the process of organizing, interpreting, and consciously

experiencing sensory information, allowing us to make sense of the world
 and interact with it. It involves both bottom-up (sensory input) and top-
down (prior knowledge) processing.

2. To define 3min DEFINITION : Lecture Listening White Define

perception board perception?

perception is how you understand and make sense of the world around
you using your senses. It's the process of taking in sensory information
(like seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching) and interpreting it to
understand what's happening.

3. To explain 10 min NATURE : Lecture Listening White Describe the

the nature board nature of
 Active Process: Perception?
Perception isn't simply a passive reception of sensory information; it's an
active process where we interpret and make sense of the world around us.

 Subjective:
Perception is subjective, meaning it's influenced by individual factors like
our experiences, beliefs, values, and expectations.

 Organized:
Our brains organize sensory information into meaningful patterns and
structures, allowing us to make sense of complex stimuli.

 Selective:
We don't perceive everything; our brains filter and select which sensory
information to focus on, based on our needs and goals.
  Influenced by Context:
The surrounding environment and situation also play a crucial role in
shaping our perceptions.

 Interconnected with Sensation:

While sensation is the detection of physical stimuli by our sensory organs,
perception is the interpretation and organization of those sensations.

 Varied Across Individuals:

Different people may perceive the same situation or stimulus differently
due to their unique backgrounds and experiences.

 Dynamic and Adaptable:

Our perceptual abilities are not static; they can change and adapt over time
based on our experiences and learning.

 Importance in Daily Life:

Perception is essential for our ability to interact with the world, make
decisions, and navigate our environment.

4 To explain TYPES: Lecture Listening White Discuss the

types of board types of
perception perception?
1. Sensory Perception:

 Visual Perception: The ability to see and interpret what is seen,

including form, size, motion, and depth.
 Auditory Perception: The ability to hear and interpret sounds,
 including pitch, loudness, and timbre.
 Olfactory Perception: The ability to smell and interpret odors.
 Gustatory Perception: The ability to taste and interpret flavors.
 Haptic Perception (Touch): The ability to feel and interpret
sensations through touch, including temperature, texture, and
pressure.
2. Other Types of Perception:

 Depth Perception:
The ability to perceive the relative distance of objects and the spatial
relationship of objects at different distances.

 Time Perception:
The subjective experience of time, including the perception of duration
and sequence.

 Selective Perception:
The tendency to pay attention to certain aspects of a stimulus and ignore
others, often based on personal biases or expectations.

 Perceptual Constancies:
The tendency to perceive objects as stable and unchanging despite
variations in their appearance, such as changes in illumination, orientation,
or distance.

 Categorical Perception:
The tendency to group similar stimuli into categories, even when there are
subtle differences between them.

 Constructive Perception:
The idea that perception is not simply a passive reception of sensory
information, but rather an active process of constructing an interpretation
of the world based on sensory input and prior knowledge.

 Delusional Perception:
A true perception to which a person attributes a false meaning, often seen
in certain mental health conditions.

 Sensory Adaptation:
The process by which our senses become less sensitive to constant or
repetitive stimuli.

 Signal Detection Theory:

The theory that describes how we detect stimuli in the presence of noise or
distractions.

 Interoception:
The perception of internal bodily states, such as hunger, pain, and fatigue.

IMPORTANCE OF PERCEPTION:

 Foundation of Experience:
Perception is how we make sense of our environment, allowing us to
identify objects, navigate, and interact with others.

 Survival and Interaction:

Perception helps us recognize threats, navigate safely, and understand
social cues, which are vital for survival and social interaction.

 Cognitive Processes:
Perception involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting stimuli,
highlighting the role of cognitive processes in shaping our experiences.

 Impact on Behavior:
Our perceptions influence our judgments, decisions, and actions, making it
a key factor in understanding human behavior.

 Psychological Well-being:
 Distorted perceptions can contribute to negative emotions and mental What is the
health issues, emphasizing the importance of understanding and managing importance
To explain perceptions. of
the perception?
importance  Interpersonal Relationships:
of per Perception plays a role in how we form opinions about others (person
perception) and how we interpret their behaviors, which is crucial for
ception building and maintaining relationships.
White
 Perceptual Biases: board
Listening
We are not always objective in our perceptions, and cognitive biases can
lead to inaccurate judgments and decisions.

Lecture method

SUMMARY:

In psychology, perception is the process by which the brain organizes,

identifies, and interprets sensory information to create a meaningful
understanding of the world, involving both sensory input and cognitive
interpretation.

CONCLUSION:

perception is a crucial cognitive process where sensory information is

organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced, shaping our
understanding of the world and influencing various aspects of cognition
and behavior.
to
summarise
the topic

to conclude
the topic

White
board
Listening

Lecture method White

board
 listening

Lecture method
PRAKASH NURSING SCHOOL &COLLEGE OF NURSING, MAU,UTTAR PRADESH

LESSON PLAN ON

SENSATION

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Ravi Kumar B.R JYOTI GOSWAMI
Principal Nursing Tutor
Prakash Nursing School & Prakash Nursing School&
College of Nursing, Mau College of Nursing, Mau

SUBMITTED ON

LESSON PLAN
NAME OF STAFF : MS. JYOTI GOSWAMI
NAME OF SUBJECT : PSYCHOLOGY
UNIT :
NAME OF THE TOPIC :
DURATION : 45 min
LEVEL OF THE STUDENT : BSC NURSING 1 SEM
NUMBER OF STUDENT : 50
METHOD OF TEACHING : Lecture cum discussion
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION: English, Hindi
AV AIDS : White board
DATE :
TIME :
VENUE : classroom

GENERAL OBJECTIVE :
At the end of the class the students will be able to gain knowledge of about Perception.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :
At the end of session the student will be able to:
 Define sensation
 Explain the nature of sensation
 Explain the types of sensation
 Enumerate the importance

SR. SPECIFIC TIME CONTENT TEACHER LEARNE A.V EVALUAT

NO OBJECTIV ACTIVITY R AIDS ION
ES ACTIVIT
Y

1. To introduce 3min INTRODUCTION : Lecture Listening White

the topic board
Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous
system receive and represent information from the environment, enabling
us to experience the world through our senses like sight, hearing, smell,
taste, and touch.

2. To define 3min DEFINITION : Lecture Listening White Define

 sensation board sensation?

Sensation is the initial stage of perception, where our sensory organs

detect stimuli and convert them into neural signals that the brain can
interpret.

3. To explain 10 min Lecture Listening White Describe the

the board charateristic
characteristic CHARACTERISTICS : s of
of sensation sensation ?
1. Stimulus Detection:

 Sensation begins with the stimulation of sensory receptors by

energy from the external environment or body.
 These receptors detect various forms of sensory stimulation, such
as electromagnetic waves (light), pressure, sound waves, and
chemicals.
 The relationship between these stimuli and their registration by
sense organs (eyes, ears, skin, etc.) forms the basis of sensation.
2. Sensory Modality:

 Sensory modalities refer to the different types of sensory

information that can be detected, such as vision, hearing, touch,
taste, and smell.
 Each sensory modality involves specific receptors and neural
pathways that transmit information to the brain.
3. Intensity:
  Intensity refers to the strength or magnitude of a sensation.
 The intensity of a sensation can be encoded by the frequency of
action potentials (APs) generated by sensory neurons.
 Stronger stimuli activate more sensory receptors and can lead to a
higher frequency of APs.
4. Duration:

 Duration refers to how long a sensation is perceived.

 Stimulus duration is encoded by the patterns of APs generated by
different types of receptor cells.
 Rapidly adapting receptors respond transiently at the beginning
and end of stimulation, while slowly adapting receptors fire
continuously during the stimulation.
5. Quality:

 Quality refers to the specific type or characteristic of a sensation.

 For example, different wavelengths of light are perceived as
different colors, and different frequencies of sound are perceived
as different pitches.
 The brain interprets the signals from sensory receptors to
determine the quality of a sensation.
6. Other Characteristics:

 Local Character: Sensations are often localized to a specific area

of the body.
 Subjectivity: Sensations are subjective experiences, meaning they
 are perceived differently by different individuals.
 Objectivity: Sensations are also objective in that they are caused
by external stimuli.
 Threshold: The minimum intensity of a stimulus that can be
detected is known as the threshold.
 Adaptation: Sensory receptors can adapt to continuous
stimulation, leading to a decrease in the intensity of the sensation
over time.
.

4 To explain TYPES: Lecture Listening White Discuss the

types of board types of
15 min Broadly, these sensations can classify into two categories.
sensation sensation?
1. General sensations which include touch, pain,
temperature, proprioception, and pressure.
2. Special Senses: Vision, hearing, taste, and smell which convey
sensations to the brain through cranial nerves
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of sensory receptors that
extend from the central nervous system (CNS) to communicate with other
parts of the body. These receptors respond to changes and stimuli in the
environment. Sense organs (made up of sensory receptors and other cells )
operate the senses of vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste

Sensory system examination is necessary if the patient has a chronic

disease, which may result in neuropathy, or by any spinal injury or
accident followed by complaints of decreased sensation.

Special Senses
Sight

Ability of the eye(s) to focus and detect images of visible light on

photoreceptors in the retina that generate electrical nerve impulses for
varying colours, hues, and brightness.

Hearing

The sense of sound perception. Mechanoreceptors in the inner ear turn

vibration motion into electrical nerve pulses. The vibrations are
mechanically conducted from the eardrum through a series of tiny bones
to hair-like fibers in the inner ear that detect the mechanical motion of the
fibers. Sound can also be detected as vibrations conducted through the
body by tactition. The inability to hear is called deafness or hearing
impairment. Sense of hearing is of paramount importance in spoken
communication, and hearing loss can lead to difficulties
with communication, decreased awareness of environmental clues and
even social isolation

Taste

Refers to the ability to detect substances such as food, certain minerals,

poisons. The sense of taste is often confused with the concept of flavour,
which is a combination of taste and smell perception. Flavour depends on
odour, texture, and temperature as well as on taste. Humans receive tastes
through sensory organs called taste buds, or gustatory calyculi,
concentrated on the upper surface of the tongue. Five basic tastes exist:
sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami. The inability to taste is called
ageusia.

Smell
The olfactory system is the sensory system used for the sense of smell
(olfaction). This sense is mediated by specialized sensory cells of the nasal
cavity. In humans, olfaction occurs when odorant molecules bind to
specific sites on the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity. These receptors
are used to detect the presence of smell. They come together at a structure
(the glomerulus) that transmits signals to the olfactory cortex in the brain.
The inability to smell is called anosmia.

General Sensation or Somatosensory Senses

Touch

Touch is a perception resulting from the activation of neural receptors in

the skin, including hair follicles, tongue, throat, and mucosa. A variety of
pressure receptors respond to variations in pressure (firm, brushing,
sustained, etc.). The loss or impairment of the ability to feel anything
touched is called tactile anesthesia. Paresthesia is a sensation of tingling,
pricking, or numbness of the skin that may result from nerve damage and
may be permanent or temporary.

Pain or nociception (physiological pain):

Signals nerve and other tissue damage.

Balance or equilibrioception

Allows the sensing of body movement, direction, and acceleration, and to

attain and maintain postural equilibrium and balance.

Body awareness or proprioception

Provides the parietal cortex of the brain with information on the relative
positions of the parts of the body.

Sense of time or chronoception

Refers to how the passage of time is perceived and experienced but is not
associated with a specific sensory system. According to psychologists and
neuroscientists, however, human brains have a system governing the
perception of time.

Thermoception

Thermoception is the sensation of heat and the absence of heat

(cold). Temperature sensing or t

Interoceptive Senses

If also considered, sensation can be expanded to include stretch (as

in muscles or organs like the lungs), oxygen and carbon dioxide sensing,
pH sensing, and more.[2]
IMPORTANCE OF SENSATION:

 Foundation of Perception:
Sensation is the initial stage in our sensory experience, where stimuli from
the environment are detected by our sense organs (eyes, ears, nose,
tongue, skin).

 Sensory Input:
Our senses convert physical energy (light, sound, heat, etc.) into neural
signals that the brain can interpret.

 Interplay with Perception:

While sensation is the raw data, perception is the process of interpreting
and organizing those sensory inputs to create our conscious experience of
 the world.

 Importance in Psychology:
Understanding sensation is essential for grasping the foundation of
perception in psychology, allowing us to better understand how we
interact with and interpret our world.

 Examples of Sensory Modalities:

There are several sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, olfactory,
gustatory, and tactile, each playing a unique role in our sensory
experience.

 Sensory Thresholds:
Sensation involves thresholds that determine how stimuli are perceived,
such as the absolute threshold (the minimum intensity needed to detect a
stimulus).

 Sensory Adaptation:
Sensory adaptation occurs when our sensitivity to a constant stimulus
decreases over time, allowing us to focus on relevant stimuli.

 Role of Attention:
Attention is crucial in sensation as it determines which stimuli we focus
on, as many sensory inputs can be overlooked without attention.

 Learning and Interaction:

Sensation and perception work together during the learning process, as our
ability to take in and interpret information affects how we learn and
What is the
interact with the world.
importance
To explain of
the sensation?
importance 10 min
of sensation
SUMMARY:

Sensation is aroused by the interaction of an external stimulus and the

sense organ. Hence, every sensation implies a not-self as its cause.
Sensation gives us the knowledge of the external world. taste, smell, heat
and cold differ from one another in quality.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, sensation is the initial process of receiving information

from the environment through our senses, while perception is the
interpretation and organization of these sensations, shaping our conscious White
board
experience of the world. listening

Lecture method
to
summarise
the topic
2 min

to
conclude the
topic

2 min
 White
board
listening

White
board

Listening

Lecture method
Lecture method
PRAKASH NURSING SCHOOL &COLLEGE OF NURSING, MAU,UTTAR PRADESH

LESSON PLAN ON

MEMORY

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Ravi Kumar B.R JYOTI GOSWAMI
Principal Nursing Tutor
Prakash Nursing School & Prakash Nursing School&
College of Nursing, Mau College of Nursing, Mau

SUBMITTED ON

LESSON PLAN
NAME OF STAFF : MS. JYOTI GOSWAMI
NAME OF SUBJECT : PSYCHOLOGY
UNIT :
NAME OF THE TOPIC :
DURATION : 45 min
LEVEL OF THE STUDENT : BSC NURSING 1 SEM
NUMBER OF STUDENT : 50
METHOD OF TEACHING : Lecture cum discussion
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION: English, Hindi
AV AIDS : White board
DATE :
TIME :
VENUE : classroom

GENERAL OBJECTIVE :
At the end of the class the students will be able to gain knowledge of about memory.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :
At the end of session the student will be able to:
 Define memory
 Explain the nature of memory
 Explain the types of memory
 Enumerate the factors affecting memory
 Explain the process of memory

SR. SPECIFIC TIME CONTENT TEACHER LEARNE A.V EVALUAT

NO OBJECTIV ACTIVITY R AIDS ION
ES ACTIVIT
Y

1. To introduce 3min INTRODUCTION : Lecture Listening White

the topic board
Memory is the cognitive process of encoding, storing, and retrieving
information, crucial for learning, development, and overall
functioning. It's a fundamental aspect of our minds, enabling us to learn
 from experiences and build relationships.

2. To define 3min DEFINITION : Lecture Listening White Define

memory board memory?
Memory is the ability to encode, store, and retrieve information.

3. To explain 10 min NATURE: Lecture Listening White Describe the

nature of board nature of
memory A) Memory is a Physical activity– The Memory traced are the basis of memory ?
memory in the form of tendencies.

B) Memory as Psycho-Physical activity- Barkett, Piron & Libson

Advocate that memory depends more on mental states like interest,
motivation, attitude etc. than on repetition of experience.

C) Memory as Process – 1st we learn something then we store (i.e.

retention) it then recall and recognition.

D) Memory as Product – Encoding, Store & Retrieve.

4 To explain TYPES: Lecture Listening White Discuss the

types of board types of
15 min What are the Types/Models/Theories Of Memory?
memory memory?
There are different models given by different Psychologists/ researchers.

1. Atkinson and Shiffrin The Multi-Store Model/Theory –

1. Sensory Memory- store information for 1-4 seconds
2. Short-term memory (STM) – store information for 15- 30
seconds
3. Long-term memory (LTM)– store information for few
years to life time.
2. Tulving’s Long Term Memory Model/Theory (1972)-
 1. Episodic memory– storing biographical information about
events/episodes .
2. Semantic memory- storing information about the meaning
of words, general knowledge, etc
3. Procedural memory- storing information about motor skills.
3. Baddeley and Hitch, Working Memory Model/Theory (1974)-
1. Central executive– filter information to attend.
2. Phonological loop – temporary holding auditory
information.
3. Visuospatial sketchpad – temporary holding visual and
spatial information
4. Episodic buffer– temporary holding information to
communicates with both long term memory and the
components of working memory.
4. Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve Model/Theory
5. Eyewitness Testimony Model/Theory
6. Mnemonics – Memory improvement techniques. By using it
you can make your memory strong.

Factors Influencing Memory

 Health
 Attention
 Impression
 Repetition
 Association
 Intelligence
 Attitude of learner
 Nature of learning material
 Method of learning
 Speed of learning
 PROCESS OF MEMORY:

The memory process involves three key stages: encoding (receiving and
interpreting information), storage (maintaining information over time),
and retrieval (accessing stored information).
To define the Here's a more detailed explanation of each stage: White Explain
factors board factors
affecting  Encoding: Lecture listening affecting
memory This is the initial stage where information enters the memory system. It method memory?
involves transforming sensory information into a usable form for storage.

 Storage:
Once encoded, information needs to be stored for later use. This involves
maintaining the information in memory over time.

 Retrieval:
This is the process of accessing and bringing stored information back into
awareness. It allows us to recall and use previously stored memories.

SUMMARY:

Memory, in a psychological context, is the ability to store, retain, and

retrieve information, involving encoding, storage, and retrieval
processes. It encompasses various types, including sensory, short-term,
and long-term memory, each with distinct characteristics and functions.

CONCLUSION:
to explain Explain
the process Memory is a fundamental cognitive process involving encoding, storage, White process of
of memory and retrieval of information, crucial for retaining knowledge, experiences, board memory?
and skills, though it's not a flawless process and can be influenced by lecture
listening
various factors leading to errors and distortions.
method
To
summarize
the topic
White
board
Lecture listening
method
To conclude
the topic

White
board
Lecture
listening
method
 10 min

What is the
importance
of
sensation?

To explain
the
importance
of sensation

listening

White
board

Lecture
method
2 min
to
summarise
the topic

2 min

to
conclude the
topic

listening

White
board
 Listening

White
board

Lecture
method

Lecture
method
PRAKASH NURSING SCHOOL &COLLEGE OF NURSING, MAU,UTTAR PRADESH
 LESSON PLAN ON

EGO DEFENCE MECHANISMS

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Ravi Kumar B.R JYOTI GOSWAMI
Principal Nursing Tutor
Prakash Nursing School & Prakash Nursing School&
College of Nursing, Mau College of Nursing, Mau

SUBMITTED ON

LESSON PLAN

NAME OF STAFF : MS. JYOTI GOSWAMI

NAME OF SUBJECT : PSYCHOLOGY
UNIT :
NAME OF THE TOPIC :
DURATION : 45 min
LEVEL OF THE STUDENT : BSC NURSING 1 SEM
NUMBER OF STUDENT : 50
METHOD OF TEACHING : Lecture cum discussion
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION: English, Hindi
AV AIDS : White board
DATE :
TIME :
VENUE : classroom

GENERAL OBJECTIVE :
At the end of the class the students will be able to gain knowledge of about personality.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :
At the end of session the student will be able to:
 Define personality
 Explain the charateristics
 Explain the types of personality
 Enumerate the factors affecting personality
 Explain the importance of personality.

SR. SPECIFIC TIME CONTENT TEACHER LEARNE A.V EVALUAT

NO OBJECTIV ACTIVITY R AIDS ION
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1. To introduce 3min INTRODUCTION : Lecture Listening White

the topic board
Personality refers to the unique and enduring patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that characterize an individual, shaping how they
interact with the world and others.

2. To define 3min DEFINITION : Lecture Listening White Define

personality board personality?
 Personality is the consistent psychological patterns within an individual
that affect the way they interact with others and the situations they
encounter.

3. To explain 4 min CHARACTERISTIS: Lecture Listening White Describe the

characteristic board characteristi
of  Enduring and Consistent: c of
personality Personality traits tend to be relatively stable over time and across personality?

situations.

 Individual Differences:
Personality distinguishes one person from another, creating unique
patterns of behavior and thought.

 Influence on Behavior:
Personality traits influence how individuals interact with the environment
and other people.

 The Big Five (OCEAN):

 Openness: Refers to a person's curiosity, imagination, and
willingness to try new things.
 Conscientiousness: Describes a person's level of
organization, responsibility, and goal-directedness.
 Extraversion: Indicates a person's sociability,
outgoingness, and preference for social interaction.
 Agreeableness: Refers to a person's tendency to be
cooperative, empathetic, and trusting.
 Neuroticism: Relates to a person's tendency to experience
 negative emotions, such as anxiety, sadness, and anger.
 Other Perspectives:
 Trait Theories: Focus on identifying and categorizing
personality traits.
 Type Theories: Suggest that individuals can be
categorized into distinct personality types.
 Social Learning Theory: Emphasizes the role of
environment and experience in shaping personality.

4 To explain TYPES: Lecture Listening White Discuss the

types of board types of
personality Personality type models categorize people into different groups based on personality?
common behavioral patterns. One popular model lays out four personality
types:

 Type A: highly motivated and organized, but competitive and

perfectionistic.
 Type B: relaxed and flexible, but not as ambitious.
 Type C: very conscientious, but has difficulty with emotional
expression.
 Type D: pessimistic, anxious, and prone to isolation and distress.
Myers-Briggs Personality Types

Another popular personality type model is the Myers-Briggs Personality

Type Indicator (MBTI). It measures how you fall into several different
categories:

 Introversion (I) or extraversion (E)

 Sensing (S) or intuition (N)
 Thinking (T) or feeling (F)
 Judging (J) or perceiving (P)
 These results combine in multiple ways to form 16 personality types.

For example, if you’re an ENFJ personality type, you:

 Tend to be friendly and collaborative.

 Are creative and like to think about the “big picture”.
 Prioritize feelings and values in your decision-making.
 Prefer to follow a plan and be organized.
If you’re an ISTP personality type, you:

 Tend to be reserved and calm.

 Focus on concrete facts and actions.
 Prioritize objective information and logic in decision-making.
 Are flexible and enjoy spontaneity.

Personality tests:
Personality tests can be a fun way to get to know yourself or your loved
ones. Sometimes they’re used in workplace settings as screening tools or
to assess the strengths and weaknesses of employees. As well as the
Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Big Five
Personality Test, other popular assessments include:

The Eysenck Personality Inventory. This focuses on three core personality

traits: extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.

The HEXACO Personality Inventory assesses six personality dimensions:

honesty/humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, and openness to experience.

The DiSC personality test lets you discover which of the four behavioral
To explain styles you lean toward most: dominance, influence, steadiness, and Explain
the conscientiousness. different
personality lecture listening types of
The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) measures a wide range of
tests traits from warmth, reasoning, and emotional stability to dominance, White tests?
liveliness, and perfectionism. board
Taking a personality test

When taking any of these tests, it’s important to remember that human
personalities are complex and personality tests may not be able to capture
the sheer diversity of characteristics. Here are a few things to keep in
mind:

Consider taking the same test multiple times. Are the results inconsistent?
If not, the test may be unreliable. You can also ask someone you know if
the results seem to match their perception of you.

Take different types of tests. If two tests claim to measure emotional

stability, for example, but return wildly different results, one of them may
not be measuring what it claims. Taking different tests may give you a
greater insight.

Be honest and self-aware. Many tests require you to self-report. You can
skew the results by answering in a way that doesn’t truly reflect your
thoughts or behavior.

Personality tests are not perfect tools, and you shouldn’t take their results
as the absolute truth. However, they can sometimes help you reflect on the
complexities of personality and perhaps even gain a better understanding
of yourself or others.

SUMMARY:
Personality encompasses the unique and enduring patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that characterize an individual, influencing how
they interact with the world and experience life.
 CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, personality is a complex and multifaceted construct, shaped
by a combination of inherent traits, learned behaviors, and environmental
influences, impacting how individuals interact with the world and achieve
personal and professional goals.

To
summarize
the topic

Lecture
method
To conclude
the topic
5. To 10min USES: Lecture Listening White Explain the
enumerate board uses of
the uses of  It provides strength and ability to continue the task of cognition attention ?
despite the obstackles put by the distractions like noise and other
attention weather conditions.
 It helps in better organization of the perceptual field for maximum
clarity and understanding .
 It helps in providing deeper concentration by focusing one’s
consciousness upon one object rather than two.

White
Lecture board
RECAPTUALISATION: Listening

 DEFINE ATTENTION?
 EXPLAIN THE CHARActeristics of attention?
 Explain the nature of attention?
 Explain the types of attention?
 Explain the uses of attention?
To lecture
recaptualize White
the topic board
listening

REFERENCE:

Sreevani R psychology for nurses edition 2 jaypee brothers medical

publishers page no. 30.
 To facilitate
further
learning