Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
ME GA
N ON !
I-ACT MO TO WITH FEELINGS !
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
How To Pl a y
< >
First
Choosing Round Final Round
Players Battles
I-ACT MO TO WITH FEELINGS !
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2024
Ar e y ou
<
Re a d y ? >
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
FILM # 1
MustBeLove
Patchot: Bakit ka ba nagagalit, Angel?. Dahil feeling mo
inaagaw ko sa’yo si Ivan?. Angel , mas una ko siyang
naging best friend bago mo siya naging boyfriend.
Angel: Yeah, you’re right! Pero bestfriend ka lang!
Patchot: Oo, alam ko na best friend lang ako. Kaya nga
ginagawa ko to para makatulong ako sa problema ni
Tita Gwen. Ginagawa ko’to para sa best friend ko.
Angel: Oh, come on, Patch! Yan ba talaga ang dahilan
kung bakita ka sumali sa hair and make up contest na
‘yan? Nagpapaganda ka? Para sa kanya ang lahat ng
‘to, diba? Why? Because you want him see you
differently?
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
FILM # 2
Sisterakas
Bernice: You are late.
Detty: Hindi ako late. Ang usapan natin 5:30 p.m.
Bernice: Of course not. 5:00 p.m ang sabi ko at 8:30
na.
Detty: So, you look like me? AMALAYER?, AMALAYER?
Bernice: AMASAVE? anong amalayer na pinagsasabi
mo? anong problema mo?
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
FILM # 3
BECKY AND BADETTE
Becky: Alam mo bang i-spell ang Switzerland?
Badette: Oo! Switzerland, S-W-E-E-T..
Becky: Ay wrong, bestie! Very, very wrong. Isa lang and
E. Kita mo na. Bakit tayo magbabakasyon sa isang
bansa na hindi naman natin kayang i-spell?.
Badette: E- ikaw? Alam mo ba ang capital ng
Switzerland?
Becky: Syempre. Hindi.
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
FILM # 4
MOMSHIES YOUR
SOUL IS MINE
Purple: Ano and past tense ng eat?
Mylene: Eated
Purple: Ang english ng “ kumain ka na ba? “
Mylene: Eated already?
Purple: Ang english ng “ kumain ka na ba talaga?
parang gutom ka pa”.
Mylene: Eated already already but really hungry?
Which is which?
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2024
Ik aw a ng
<
da best! >
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2025
FILM # 5
MOMSHIES YOUR
SOUL IS MINE
Blesilda: 5,6,7,8 Si nena ay baby
pa, ang sabi niya ay um-ah, um-ah-
ah.
Studio Shodwe - Game Night - Presentation 2024
Th an k y ou
for P la yin g!!
p h y s i c a l
bjectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
Identify and explain the key physical, cognitive, and socio-
emotional changes that occur from prenatal development
to toddlerhood.
Understand the nutritional needs of pregnant mothers, infants,
and toddlers, and explore ways to support their overall well-being.
Apply insights from current research on middle childhood
development to enhance caregiving practices and early childhood
education.
c o n c e p t i o n h e r e d i t y
p r e n a t a l
d e v e l o p m e n t
b i r t h n e w b o r n
onception
Marks the beginning of a new life. It happens when
a sperm cell from the father joins with an egg cell
from the mother. This union creates a single cell
called a zygote, which contains all the genetic
information needed to develop into a person.
eredity
Refers to the passing of traits from parents to their
children through genes. Genes are like instruction manuals
made of DNA, located on structures called chromosomes.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46. Each
parent contributes one chromosome to each pair, so
children inherit half of their chromosomes from each
parent. This genetic combination determines
characteristics like eye color, height, and even certain
health conditions.
ominant and Recessive Traits
Genes can have different versions, known as
alleles. Some alleles are dominant, meaning
they will show their effect even if only one
copy is present. Others are recessive,
meaning their effect is masked unless two
copies are present (one from each parent).
Sometimes, changes or mutations occur in genes, leading to genetic disorders.
These can be inherited or arise spontaneously. Common genetic disorders include:
enetic Down Syndrome: Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to
developmental delays and distinctive physical features.
Disorders Cystic Fibrosis: A recessive disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system,
requiring both parents to pass on the mutated gene.
Sickle Cell Anemia: Another recessive disorder where red blood cells become
misshapen, causing pain and other complications.
refers to the process by which a baby develops
inside the mother's womb from conception until
birth. This period is divided into three main
renatal stages: the Germinal Stage, the Embryonic
Stage, and the Fetal Stage. Let's explore each
stage in detail using simple language.
evelopment 1. Germinal Stage (0-2 weeks)
ll. Embryonic Stage (3-8 weeks)
lll. Fetal Stage (9 weeks to birth)
erminal Stage The germinal stage is the very beginning of pregnancy,
covering the first two weeks after conception. During this
time:
Fertilization and
Zygote Formation: Cell Division and Blastocyst
A sperm cell from the Formation:
father joins with an egg
cell from the mother, The zygote begins to divide into multiple
creating a single cell called cells, forming a structure known as a
a zygote. This zygote
contains all the genetic blastocyst. This hollow ball of cells will
information needed to develop into the baby and the placenta.
form a new person.
erminal Stage The germinal stage is the very beginning of pregnancy,
covering the first two weeks after conception. During this
time:
Journey to the Uterus
and Implantation:
Development of Supporting
The blastocyst travels down Structures:
the fallopian tube toward the
uterus. Around 8 to 10 days
after fertilization, it attaches After implantation, the placenta begins
itself to the lining of the uterus to form. This organ will provide oxygen
in a process called implantation. and nutrients to the developing baby
Successful implantation is
crucial for the pregnancy to and remove waste products.
continue.
mbryonic Stage The embryonic stage lasts from the third week to the eighth week of
pregnancy. During this critical period:
Formation of Major Organs
and Structures Neural Tube Development Vulnerability to Teratogens
The developing baby, now The neural tube, which During this stage, the
called an embryo, starts will become the brain and embryo is highly sensitive
spinal cord, begins to to harmful substances
forming essential organs known as teratogens.
like the heart, brain, and form. Proper
Exposure to alcohol,
spinal cord. development of the
drugs, infections, or
neural tube is vital for certain medications can
the baby's nervous cause birth defects or
system. developmental issues.
etal Stage The fetal stage begins in the ninth week and continues
until birth. Key developments during this stage
include:
Growth and Maturation
The developing baby, now called a fetus, undergoes rapid growth. Organs and systems
continue to mature and become more complex.
Sensory Development
The end of the second trimester, the fetus can hear sounds and may respond to light.
These sensory experiences contribute to brain development.
Movement
The fetus begins to move, and these movements become more coordinated over time.
Mothers may start to feel these movements, often referred to as "kicks," during the
second trimester.
Preparation for Birth
In the final weeks, the fetus gains weight rapidly, and organs like the lungs prepare for
breathing after birth.
The Three Stages of Labor
Labor (Stage One): Delivery (Stage Two): Afterbirth (Stage Three):
Early Labor: This phase begins with Once the cervix is fully dilated After the baby is born,
mild, irregular contractions as the to 10 centimeters, the mother
cervix starts to soften and thin begins pushing with each
the uterus continues to
out, a process called effacement. contraction to help move the contract to expel the
The cervix will gradually open baby through the birth canal. placenta, the organ that
(dilate) up to about 6 centimeters. This stage ends with the birth provided nourishment to
of the baby. the baby during
Active Labor: Contractions become
stronger, more regular, and closer pregnancy. This stage
together. The cervix dilates from 6
to 10 centimeters. This is often the usually lasts a few
longest stage of labor. minutes.
also known as neonates, are born with several automatic responses called reflexes. These involuntary movements
help them adapt to their new environment and ensure their survival. Some common reflexes include:
ewborn Reflexes These reflexes are indicators of a healthy nervous system and are assessed by
healthcare providers shortly after birth.
Moro Reflex
Rooting Reflex Suck Reflex Grasp Reflex (Startle Reflex)
When you gently stroke a Touching the roof of the If you place a finger in a When startled by a loud
baby's cheek, they will baby's mouth triggers the baby's palm, they will noise or sudden
turn their head toward sucking response, essential close their fingers around movement, a baby will
the touch and open their for feeding. This reflex it, gripping tightly. This throw back their head,
mouth. This helps them develops around the 32nd reflex usually disappears extend their arms and
find the breast or bottle week of pregnancy and is by 5 to 6 months of age. legs, cry, then pull their
to begin feeding. This fully developed by about arms and legs back in. This
reflex typically lasts until 36 weeks. reflex typically fades by 2
about 4 months of age. months of age.
Adapting to Life Outside the Womb
After birth, newborns rely entirely on caregivers for their needs:
Nutrition Warmth Comfort
Feeding, whether Newborns have difficulty Gentle handling,
through breastfeeding regulating their body soothing sounds, and a
or formula, provides temperature, so keeping calm environment help
essential nutrients for them warm with
appropriate clothing and newborns feel secure
growth and as they adjust to the
development. skin-to-skin contact is
vital. world around them.
p h y s i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t
i n f a n c y
t o d d l e r h o o d
Physical development during infancy and Toddlerhood
involves significant growth and the acquisition of various motor skills. This
development follows two primary patterns:
Cephalocaudal
Trend
Development progresses from the head
downward. Infants first gain control over their
head and neck muscles, followed by their arms and
eventually their legs.
Physical development during infancy and Toddlerhood
involves significant growth and the acquisition of various motor skills. This
development follows two primary patterns:
Proximodistal
Trend
Development starts from the center of the body
outward. Control over the torso develops before
the arms and legs, and finally, fine motor skills in
the hands and fingers.
rowth Patterns
Newborn Measurements
Typically, newborns weigh between 5.5 to 10 pounds
and measure about 18 to 22 inches in length.
Weight Gain
By six months, infants usually double their birth
weight, and by one year, they triple it.
Toddler Growth
Between ages one and three, physical growth slows as
toddlers focus on mastering motor and communication skills
Motor Development
Motor development encompasses the progression of muscular coordination,
divided into:
Gross Motor Skills
(large muscle movements)
Rolling Over: Around 3 months.
Sitting Without Support: By 6 months.
Crawling: Between 8 to 10 months.
Walking Independently: Typically between 12 to 18
months.
Motor Development
Motor development encompasses the progression of muscular coordination,
divided into:
Fine Motor Skills
(small muscle movements)
Holding Objects: Around 4 months.
Pincer Grasp (using thumb and forefinger): By 9
months.
Stacking Blocks: Around 18 months.
Scribbling with Crayons: By 24 months.
ensory and rain Development
Vision
Newborns have limited visual acuity
but can focus on high-contrast
patterns and faces. By 4 months,
their vision sharpens, and they can
see a broader range of colors.
ensory and rain Development
Hearing
Babies are born with a well-
developed sense of hearing and can
recognize their mother's voice
shortly after birth.
ensory and rain Development
Brain Growth
The first two years witness rapid
brain development, with the
formation of numerous neural
connections. Stimulating environments
and responsive caregiving are crucial
during this period to foster cognitive
and sensory development.
utrition and ealth
Breastfeeding
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended
for the first six months, providing essential
nutrients and antibodies that support
infant health.
utrition and ealth
Introduction to Solids
Around six months, infants can begin
consuming solid foods, starting with
pureed vegetables, fruits, and iron-
fortified cereals
utrition and ealth
Balanced Diet
Ensuring a varied and nutrient-rich diet
during infancy and toddlerhood supports
overall growth, brain development, and
the strengthening of bones and muscles.
c o g n i t i v e d e v e l o p m e n t
i n f a n c y
t o d d l e r h o o d
Understanding the Growth of Thinking
and Learning in Early Years
Cognitive
development ..... Importance:
refers to the progression of Early cognitive development lays
thinking, problem-solving, and the foundation for future
learning abilities in children. learning, behavior, and health.
iaget;s Theory of Cogniitve Development
Key Characteristics:
Who is Jean Piaget? Learning is based on reflexes at
A psychologist who studied how first, then progresses to
children think and learn. purposeful actions.
Infants develop problem-solving
Sensorimotor Stage abilities through trial and error.
(Birth to 2 years):
Object permanence and mental
Infants learn through their representation begin to emerge.
senses and actions.
ubstages of the
ensorimotor Stage
Reflexive Stage (Birth to 1 month)
Infants rely on automatic reflexes (sucking, grasping)
to interact with their environment.
Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months)
Repeating actions that feel good, like sucking their
thumb.
Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months)
Repeating actions that cause effects, like shaking a
rattle to make noise.
ubstages of the
ensorimotor Stage
Coordination of Secondary Reactions (8-12 months)
Combining actions to achieve goals, like pushing an
object to reach a toy.
Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months)
Experimenting with new actions to see different
outcomes.
Mental Representation (18-24 months)
Thinking about actions before doing them, showing
the ability for symbolic thought.
bject Permanence- A Major Milestone
Definition: The understanding that objects continue to exist even
when they are out of sight.
Developmental Timeline:
Before 8 months: If a toy is hidden, the baby acts as if it no longer exists.
Around 8-12 months: Babies begin to look for hidden objects, showing an
understanding that they still exist.
Example: Playing “peekaboo” – before object permanence develops, babies
think the person disappears; after, they understand the person is still
there.
earning Process in Infancy
HABITUATION AND DISHABITUATION:
HABITUATION: INFANTS STOP RESPONDING TO REPEATED
STIMULI.
DISHABITUATION: RENEWED INTEREST WHEN SOMETHING
NEW APPEARS.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (PAVLOV):
LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION (E.G., A BABY ASSOCIATES A
PARENT’S VOICE WITH FEEDING).
earning Process in Infancy
OPERANT CONDITIONING (SKINNER):
LEARNING THROUGH REWARDS AND CONSEQUENCES (E.G., A BABY LEARNS
THAT CRYING GETS ATTENTION).
STATISTICAL LEARNING:
BABIES DETECT PATTERNS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT, ESPECIALLY IN
SPEECH.
SOCIAL LEARNING (BANDURA):
BABIES LEARN BY OBSERVING AND IMITATING OTHERS (E.G., WAVING
AFTER SEEING A PARENT WAVE).
mitation and Memory Development
Deferred
Imitation Imitation
Infants copy facial Toddlers recall and
expressions and mimic actions seen
actions to learn. earlier.
mitation and Memory Development
IMPLICIT MEMORY (UNCONSCIOUS MEMORY):
TYPES Memory for skills and routines that occur without
conscious awareness.
OF Example: A baby remembering how to suck a pacifier or a
toddler knowing how to hold a spoon without thinking about it.
MEMORY EXPLICIT MEMORY (CONSCIOUS MEMORY)
Memory that requires conscious recall, such as remembering
a past event.
Example: A toddler recalling where they left their favorite toy or
recognizing a family member they haven’t seen in a while.
mitation and Memory Development
RECOGNITION MEMORY:
TYPES Infants recognize familiar objects, sounds, and
OF faces.
MEMORY RECALL MEMORY:
The ability to retrieve information without
external cues, developing in toddlerhood.
Key Principles:
Who is Lev
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The
Vygotsky? range of tasks a child can perform with
guidance but not yet independently.
A psychologist who emphasized
that social interaction and
culture play a key role in Scaffolding: Temporary support from adults
cognitive development. or more skilled peers to help the child learn
new tasks.
Language and Thought: Language is a crucial
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
tool for learning and cognitive growth.
of Cognitive Development
anguage Development Milestones
Cooing and Babbling First Words Vocabulary Two-Word
(6 weeks -6 months) (Around 12 months) Expansion Sentences
(12-24 months) (18-24 months)
Early forms of Emergence of simple Rapid increase in word Formation of simple
vocalization where words, often used to acquisition, often sentences, indicating the
infants experiment with label familiar objects or referred to as the beginning of grammar
sounds. people. "vocabulary spurt." understanding.
heories of Language Development
Nativist Learning Interactionist
Perspective Perspective Perspective
(Chomsky) (Skinner)
Combines innate
Suggests an innate Proposes language is
abilities and
language acquisition learned through
environmental
device. reinforcement and
influences.
imitation.
Exploratory Play
Helps infants understand cause-and-effect
relationships.
The Role of
Play in Pretend Play
Cognitive Toddlers begin to use objects symbolically
Development (e.g., using a banana as a phone).
Social Play
Playing with others fosters problem-solving
and communication skills.
roblem-Solving and Exploration
Trial-and-Error
Tool Use
Learning Understanding how
Experimenting with actions objects can be used
to see outcomes. to solve problems.
upportive Cognitive Development
Stimulating Environment:
Introduce diverse toys and experiences.
Responsive Interactions:
Engage in back-and-forth communication.
Encouraging Exploration and Play:
Allow safe spaces for discovery and creativity.
hallenges in Cognitive Development
Developmental Delays: Some children take longer to
reach milestones.
Recognizing Signs of Concern:
Lack of eye contact.
No babbling or words by 12 months.
Difficulty following simple instructions by age 2.
Seeking Support: If delays are present, early
intervention can help improve cognitive skills.
s o c i a l e m o t i o n a l
d e v e l o p m e n t i n f a n c y
t o d d l e r h o o d
Understanding how young children build
relationships and express emotions
What is Social and Emotional
Development?
• The process by which infants • Builds the foundation for lifelong
and toddlers learn to understand emotional well-being and social skills.
emotions, form relationships, and
• Affects relationships with family,
interact with others. peers, and society.
• These early experiences shape a • Helps children develop self-
child’s ability to handle emotions, regulation, empathy, and
communication skills.
build trust, and develop a sense
of identity.
Why is it Important?
A baby’s natural way of responding to the world. Some babies
are more active, some are calm, and some are sensitive to
new experiences.
Temperament is biologically based but shaped by experiences.
WHAT IS TYPES OF TEMPERAMENT (ALEXANDER THOMAS AND
TEMPERAMENT? STELLA CHESS ' CLASSIFICATION):
1. Easy Babies (40%) – Cheerful, adaptable, regular sleep/eating
patterns.
2. Difficult Babies (10%) – Intense emotions, easily upset, irregular
routines.
3. Slow-to-Warm-Up Babies (15%) – Initially shy, but warm up with
time.
Helps caregivers understand how to respond to a child’s needs.
Why is it Important? No temperament is “better” than another—what matters is how well the
environment supports the child’s temperament (Goodness-of-Fit).
motional Development Milestones
Birth to 6 Months 6 to 12 Months 12 to 24 Months
Expresses basic emotions Stranger Anxiety (8-9 Self-awareness develops –
(happiness, anger, fear, months): Becomes recognizes self in a mirror.
sadness). cautious around new
Empathy emerges – comforts
Social Smile (6 weeks): Smiles people.
others when they are upset.
in response to caregivers.
Separation Anxiety (9-12 Begins expressing autonomy –
Recognizes caregiver's voice months): Shows distress saying "No!" and asserting
and face. when caregiver leaves. independence.
Why Are These Milestones Help caregivers recognize normal emotional growth.
Important? Allow better understanding of how to support healthy
emotional regulation.
ttachment and Its Role in Development
What is Attachment?
A deep emotional bond between a child
and their caregiver.
A secure attachment helps a child feel
safe and explore the world confidently.
AINSWORTH’S ATTACHMENT STYLES
BOWLBY’S ATTACHMENT Secure Attachment: Child feels safe, trusts caregivers,
THEORY explores freely.
Infants use caregivers Avoidant Attachment: Child avoids seeking comfort from
as a “secure base” to caregivers.
explore their
surroundings. Resistant Attachment: Child is clingy, struggles with
Early relationships separation.
shape future emotional
and social behavior. Disorganized Attachment: Child shows inconsistent
behaviors, often in response to trauma.
Why is Attachment Securely attached children are more likely to develop
Important? healthy relationships and emotional resilience.
TRUST vs MISTRUST PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Infants learn to trust when trust MISTRUST
caregivers are responsive and Responsive Feeding
consistent. Unavailable
Soothing Comfort
Caregiver
Attuned Interaction
If needs are not met, mistrust Consistent Routines Unprepared or or
develops, leading to insecurity and Gentle Transitions Upset Caregiver
fear. Unwanted Child
Encouranging
Exploration
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT
Autonomy: Toddlers want to do PRACTICAL PARENTING TIPS
things by themselves (feeding,
dressing). Encourage Exploration
Offer Choices
Shame & Doubt: If discouraged Be Patient with Mistakes
or overly controlled, they feel Celebrate Achievements
ashamed of their abilities. Use Gentle Guidance
Encourage Problem-Solving
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
causes of shame and doubt
Excessive Criticism PREVENTION AND SUPPORT
Overprotection Validate Efforts
High Expectation
Embrace Mistakes as Learning
effects in development
Self Doubt Balance Freedom and Safety
Low Self-Esteem Foster a Positive Tone
Fear or Failure
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
nfluence of Culture and Gender on Development
Cultural Differences in Socialization
Different cultures emphasize different
emotional expressions and behaviors.
Some cultures encourage independence;
others prioritize family closeness
ender Socialization
Society influences how boys and girls
express emotions and interact.
ole of Play in Emotional
and Social Growth
Helps children understand emotions,
solve conflicts, and practice social skills.
ypes of Play
SOLITARY PLAY (infants)
plays alone and explores objects
PARALLEL PLAY (toddlers)
play alongside others but not yet
interacting
SOCIAL PLAY (later toddlers)
begins engaging in simple cooperative play
ecognizing Developmental
Delays and Challenges
Lack of interest in people or social interaction.
No response to caregivers’ emotions (e.g., not smiling
back).
Extreme difficulty calming down after distress.
Delayed speech or limited use of gestures.
ole of Caregivers
and Teachers
Provide consistent love and care.
Encourage Self-Expression.
Model Healthy Emotional Responses.
Create a safe and supportive environment.
c u r r e n t r e s e a r c h o n
m i d d l e c h i l d h o o d
d e v e l o p m e n t
the Development of Values in Middle
Childhood: Five Maturation
Criteria
Daniel et. al ( 2023)
This study is about how children’s values—like honesty,
kindness, and fairness—grow and change between the ages
of 6 and 12. Researchers wanted to show that this period,
called "middle childhood," is really important for shaping
values, even though people often think it’s just a quiet
phase before the big changes of adolescence.
KEY FINDINGS
Values Become Connected
During this stage, children start to see how different values relate to each
other.
Deeper Thinking
Children’s thinking becomes more advanced. They start to see values in bigger
and deeper ways.
Consistency
Values become more consistent. Children begin to act in ways that reflect
their beliefs regularly, rather than acting differently in every situation.
Stability
"Values become stable, meaning they don’t change frequently. Children start
sticking to what they believe is important."
Values Guide Behavior
Children’s values start to influence their actions strongly.
rain Development in
Childhood
Taki & Kawashima (2012)
The paper looks at how healthy children's brains grow
and change. It talks about gray matter (used for
processing) and white matter (used for connections),
how blood flows in the brain (brain perfusion), and
how sleep and diet affect brain development.
ind, Brain and Education-
Neuromechanisms during Child
Development
(Hoferichter & Raufelder, 2024)
The paper discusses how brain science connects with education to
understand how children learn and grow mentally. It explains how
the brain's processes (neural mechanisms) work with educational
experiences. The paper also looks at important factors like how
children see themselves academically (academic self-concept), how
bullying affects them, how they develop reading skills, and how
teaching children to believe in their ability to improve (growth
mindset interventions) can help them learn better.
Thank
You!
Cael, Librada & Llaver
