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Electronics

A P-N junction diode is formed by joining a P-type and N-type semiconductor. Biasing can be forward, allowing current flow, or reverse, blocking current. Rectifiers convert AC to DC, with half-wave rectifiers allowing current in one half-cycle and full-wave rectifiers using multiple diodes for continuous current flow.

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20 views3 pages

Electronics

A P-N junction diode is formed by joining a P-type and N-type semiconductor. Biasing can be forward, allowing current flow, or reverse, blocking current. Rectifiers convert AC to DC, with half-wave rectifiers allowing current in one half-cycle and full-wave rectifiers using multiple diodes for continuous current flow.

Uploaded by

shaikhmuhammad2468
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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P-N Junction Diode

When a P-type semiconductor is suitably joined to an N-type


semiconductor, then resulting arrangement is called P-N junction or P-
N junction diode

Biasing
It means the way of connecting emf source to P-N junction diode. It is
of following two types

Forward biasing
Positive terminal of the battery is connected to the P-crystal and
negative terminal of the battery is connected to N-crystal. In this
biasing Current flows.

Reverse biasing
Positive terminal of the battery is connected to the N-crystal and
negative terminal of the battery is connected to P-crystal.
No current flows across the junction

Rectification
It is a process of converting ac into dc. Rectifier is a device which
converts ac into dc.

Half wave rectifier


The circuit of half wave rectifier is shown below. In the first half cycle
of ac input the diode conducts and in the second half cycle it does not
conducts. Thus half of the input cycle appear as output.

During positive half cycle Diode is forward biased And output signal
obtained
During negative half cycle diode is reverse biased And output signal
not obtained

Output voltage is not constant but pulsating in nature.

The efficiency of a halfwave rectifier is the ratio of output DC power to


the input AC power.

Power outputDc
Efficiency = Power inputAc

Full wave rectifier


It consist of two diodes D1 and D2. They conducts alternately during
positive and negative half cycle of input ac and a unidirectional (or dc)
current flows in output.

Full Wave Bridge Rectifier


A full wave bridge rectifier is a rectifier that will use four diodes or
more than that in a bridge formation. A full wave bridge rectifier
system consists of Four Diodes
We apply an AC across the bridge.
During the positive half-cycle,
terminal 1 becomes positive, and
terminal 2 becomes negative.
This will cause the diodes A and C to
become forward-biased, and the
current will flow through it.
Meanwhile, diodes B and D will
become reverse-biased and block
current through them. The current will flow from 1 to 4 to 3 to 2.

During the negative half-cycle,


terminal 1 will become negative,
and terminal 2 will become
positive.
This will cause the diodes B and D
to become forward-biased and will
allow current through them. At the
same time, diodes A and C will be
reverse-biased and will block the
current through them. The current will flow from 2 to 4 to 3 to 1.

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