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Lec-21 To 27

To determine the order of a circuit, simplify it by zeroing independent sources and count the energy storage elements. In first order circuits, voltages and currents transition exponentially from initial to final values. If a circuit has a dependent source, it may yield a negative equivalent resistance, indicating instability due to a negative time constant.

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10 views160 pages

Lec-21 To 27

To determine the order of a circuit, simplify it by zeroing independent sources and count the energy storage elements. In first order circuits, voltages and currents transition exponentially from initial to final values. If a circuit has a dependent source, it may yield a negative equivalent resistance, indicating instability due to a negative time constant.

Uploaded by

goutham a
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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To find the order of the given circuit, make all the independent sources zero and try to simplify

the circuit as much as you can, and then in


the final simplified circuit, count the number of energy storage elements and that is the order of the given circuit.

NOTE: There are some exceptional cases where the above method might not work.
In any first order circuit, undriven or driven by one or more DC sources,
every voltage and every current will exponentially go from its intial value to its final value.
If a circuit contains a dependent source,
then its possible for Req to be negative,
and that makes the time constant negative,
and that means the pole will lie in the right half of the complex plane
and that means the circuit is unstable !!
For KVL to be satisfied at t=0+, voltages across the capacitors should
change suddenly at t=0, so at t=0 infinite current will flow through the
capacitors. Also at t=0, frequency of operation will be infinite.

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