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NDA FORMULA SHEET
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🧮 MATHS FORMULAS
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ALGEBRA:
• a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)
• (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
• (a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²
TRIGONOMETRY:
• sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
• tanθ = sinθ / cosθ
• sec²θ - tan²θ = 1
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION:
• Area of triangle = ½ × base × height
• Circumference of circle = 2πr
• Area of circle = πr²
• Volume of cube = a³
• Volume of cuboid = l × b × h
• Volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³
• Surface area of sphere = 4πr²
COORDINATE GEOMETRY:
• Slope = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁)
• Distance = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]
⚛️PHYSICS FORMULAS
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• Speed = Distance / Time
• Acceleration = (v - u) / t
• Force = Mass × Acceleration (F = ma)
• Work = Force × Displacement
• Power = Work / Time
• Kinetic Energy = ½ mv²
• Potential Energy = mgh
• Ohm’s Law: V = IR
• Resistance in Series = R₁ + R₂ + ...
• Resistance in Parallel = 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ...
🧪 CHEMISTRY BASICS
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• Atomic Number = No. of Protons
• Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons
• Valency = Combining power of element
• pH Scale: Acids < 7, Bases > 7
• HCl = Hydrochloric Acid
• NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide
• Water Formation: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
• Law of Conservation of Mass
• Metals = Malleable, ductile, conductors
• Non-metals = Brittle, poor conductors
🧬 BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
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• Cell = Basic unit of life
• Mitochondria = Powerhouse of cell
• Photosynthesis: CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight → Glucose + O₂
• Blood:
  - RBCs = Oxygen
  - WBCs = Immunity
  - Platelets = Clotting
• Heart = 4 chambers (2 atria, 2 ventricles)
• DNA = Genetic code carrier
• Vitamins:
 A = Eyes, B = Energy, C = Immunity,
 D = Bones, E = Skin, K = Clotting
• Diseases:
 - Malaria (mosquito)
 - Tuberculosis (bacteria)
 - Diabetes (insulin-related)