Scribd
Upload
22 views5 pages

Man 28

The document discusses the properties and behaviors of gases, ionic compounds, simple molecular solids, giant covalent structures, and metals, including their structures and bonding. It explains the ideal gas equation, the nature of ionic and covalent bonds, and the significance of physical properties in determining material uses. Additionally, it highlights the importance of recycling in conserving resources.

Uploaded by

Nyasha Mangoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views5 pages

Man 28

The document discusses the properties and behaviors of gases, ionic compounds, simple molecular solids, giant covalent structures, and metals, including their structures and bonding. It explains the ideal gas equation, the nature of ionic and covalent bonds, and the significance of physical properties in determining material uses. Additionally, it highlights the importance of recycling in conserving resources.

Uploaded by

Nyasha Mangoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

increases.

■ The volume of a gas under different conditions of

temperature and pressure can be calculated using

the ideal gas equation pV = nRT.

■ The ideal gas equation can be used to determine the

relative molecular mass of simple molecules.

■ Gases do not obey the ideal gas equation at low

temperatures and high pressures.

■ The kinetic-molecular model can be used to describe

the states of matter in terms of proximity and motion

of the particles, and to describe changes of state and

vapour pressure.

■ Ionic compounds such as sodium chloride and


magnesium oxide form a giant three-dimensional

lattice structure containing ions in a regularly

repeating pattern.

■ The strong ionic forces acting in all directions

between the ions in the lattice cause ionic

substances to have high melting and boiling points.

■ Simple molecular solids with low melting points such

as iodine have a regular arrangement of molecules;

they are crystalline. There are weak intermolecular

forces between the molecules.

■ Giant covalent (giant molecular) structures such as

diamond have a large number of covalent bonds


arranged in a regularly repeating pattern.

■ Fullerenes are allotropes of carbon in the shape

of hollow spheres (buckminsterfullerene) or

tubes (nanotubes).

■ Graphene is composed of a single flat sheet of

hexagonally-arranged carbon atoms.

■ The strong covalent bonds between the atoms in

giant molecular structures cause these substances to

have high melting and boiling points.

■ In metals, the atoms are closely packed in a giant

lattice in which the outer electrons are free to move.

■ Metals such as aluminium and copper and their

alloys have a variety of uses, which can be related to


their physical properties, e.g. density, malleability,

conductivity, hardness.

■ Physical data can be used to suggest the type of

structure and bonding present in a substance.

■ Recycling plays an important part in conserving finite

resources such as metals.

End-of-chapter questions

1 Four types of structure are:

giant molecular

giant ionic

giant metallic

simple molecular
a Give two examples of a giant ionic structure and two examples of a simple molecular structure. [4]

b Explain why substances with giant ionic structures are often brittle but metallic structures are
malleable. [6]

c Explain why giant molecular structures have higher melting points than simple molecular structures.
[6]

d Diamond and graphite are two forms of carbon with giant molecular structure

You might also like