Roll No •
National- Institute of Teclinorogy, Ifamirpur
             Name of the Examination: B. Tech Dual-Degree (End Semester Examination)
                                 : Electronics & Communication                                     5th
            Branch                                                           Semester
                                 Engineering.
            Course Name : Antenna and Wave Propagation                       Course Code : ECD-313
                Time: 3 Flours                                                              Maximum Marks: 60
    Note: I. All questions are compulsory.
          2. Assume necessary data if necessary.
    Q.1.(a). Derive the field equation for a hertizian dipole antenna starting from Maxwell equation. Derive the
          expression for its radiation resistance.                                                                       (6)
                                                                OR
    Q.I.(b). Derive the expression for the field quantities radiate from X./2 dipole and prove that the radiation resistance
          to be 73ohm.                                                                                                   (6)
•   Q. I.(c). An electric field strength of E = 10µV/m is to be the measured at the observation point 0=7r/2, 500Km from
         a half wave dipole antenna operating at f= 50 MHz                                                            (6)
         (i) What is the length of dipole.
         (ii) Current at must be fed into the antenna
         (iii) Average power radiated
         (iv) If the transmission line charactertic impedence is 75 ohm is connected to the antenna determine the
         standing wave ratio.
    Q.2.(a). Find the directive gain for (i) hertizian dipole antenna (ii) half wave dipole antenna.                    (6)
    Q.2.(b). (i) Derive the expression for radio link (Friis formula).                                                  (3)
        (ii) Two antennas are 50 km apart in radio communication, transmitting antenna delivers 2000W. It's antenna
        gain is 40 in the direction of receving antenna and the power absorbed by receiving antenna is 20µW. Calculate
        (a) Electric field at receving antenna (b) Effective aperature of receving antenna.                        (3)
    Q.3.(a). Derive the expression for the array factor of a linear array of N isotropic element spaced k/2 apart fed with
        signals of equal amplitude and phase. obtain the directions of maxima and minima and the direction of nulls.(6)
    Q.3.(b). What is the significance of binomial array? Design a three element array if nulls comes at 0°.             (6)
    Q.4.(a). Discuss the construction and design of a Yagi-Uda antenna and explain its principle of operation and also
         design a 3 element Yagi-Uda Antenna for 900MHz.                                                           (6)
    Q.4.(b). Explain the operation and design of a helical antenna and a 16 turn helical beam antenna has circumfernce
            and turn spacing 7/4, calculate                                                                        (6)
         (i) HPBW           (ii) FNBW
         (iii) Axial Ratio (iv) directivity.
    Q.5.(a). Describe the structure of the atmosphere and specify the factors affecting the radio wave propagation. (6)
    Q.5.(b). Discuss briefly on the types of fading and Obtain an expression for the refractive index of an ionospheric
         layer.                                                                                                    (6)