Journal of Advancement in Machines

Volume 4 Issue 2

Experimental Study on Waste Shredder

Omkumar C S1, MuthuKumar K2
1
PG Student, 2Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Email: omkumar.is18@bitsathy.ac.in

Abstract
Mechanical systems are used in non-biological systems and heat to remove water and to
reduce the volume and weight of the waste food. The water content from the food is removed
by means of grinding food waste through shredders producing a semi solid product with the
presence of coffee ground. This can also be sent to further processing or used as a feedstock.
In order to breakdown food waste into small range of particles to make it a useful biomass
product we use dehydrators. Thus, after testing its proven that it can be used directly on soil
to increase the fertility rate as well as it is used as a compost feedstock.

Keywords: Food shredder, 6 blade, 3 blade

INTRODUCTION secure as discharge, some sewer districts

In-vessel dry composters are a high-tech are reluctant to permit their use.
form of conventional composting, making Independent exams have indicated ranges
use of carefully managed mixing, aeration, of biochemical oxygen demand that
temperature and moisture to boost up the exceed most municipal wastewater
herbal decomposition process. A few standards. Establishments must talk over
systems require the addition of a patented with their local wastewater district before
combo of micro-organisms or nutrients to thinking about use of this sort of system.
characteristic. Processing time varies from This report identifies considerations for
14 days at the high give up to simply 24 institutions exploring on-site systems:
hours on the decrease end. At the same
time as producers claim those structures Calculate return on funding primarily
produce soil-equipped compost, in a few based on contemporary waste hauling fees
cases the output of these machines has and the electricity, water and sewer use of
been located to want in addition remedy the specific gadget.
earlier than its miles soil-geared up. Calculate bodily area and utility
Testing is suggested prior to soil necessities of the gadget.
application. Conduct a waste audit to assist institutions
understand their waste profile and develop
Wet systems grind waste from food and structures to ensure that “natural” Food
mix it with water and patented micro- waste is to be had for the on-site system.
organism or nutrient mixes. This Take into account in all likelihood factors
accelerates the decomposition system, of failure of an on-site machine and
causing most of the meals waste to turn increase contingency plans.
into a liquid effluent this is discharged into Decide how the cease fabricated from on-
the municipal wastewater device. While site page systems might be controlled with
producers declare that this effluent is a watch to preparing it for useful reuse.

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 Journal of Advancement in Machines
Volume 4 Issue 2

AIM OF THE STUDY maximize dehydrator ability. those

WASTE MANAGEMENT 1:NON systems are commonly no longer designed
BIOLOGICAL VOLUME/WEIGHT to process inorganic waste. The
REDUCTION dehydrated output of those machines isn't
A non-organic volume/weight reduction always compost and requires similarly
technique to managing food waste is based remedy before it may be used as a
on mechanical procedures and warmth to fertilizer.
lessen the quantity of meals and other
meals-provider waste (such as some non- Technical Overview of Shredder
organics) by way of doing away with Systems
water, which makes up the bulk of natural The shredder manufactures an extensive
waste by way of extent. line food-waste quantity reduction systems
which might be widely used in
These systems can be broken down into Massachusetts. This product line consists
two broad types: of pulpers, shredders, and dehydrators.
This section presents an in-depth examine
Pulpers and Shredders: Waste pulping those structures, observed through an
systems first lessen the waste to slurry, outline of a few other systems available on
which includes often water, and then do the market.
away with the water to create a semi-dry
waste pulp of a consistency just like coarse Shredder systems reduce meals waste to
espresso grounds. Shredders grind the slurry of 95 percent water and 5
waste and then press out the water content percentage solids. This aggregate is fed
material, without lowering to slurry. thru a separate unit called a Bio fuel, in
volume and weight discounts range but are which maximum of the water is spun out
normally between 80 and ninety and fed again into the pulper for re-use.
percentage. in addition to food waste, Semi-dewatered, pulped meals waste is
those structures can generally be given discharged from the machine, generating a
different organic and inorganic wastes roughly eight-to-1 discount in volume. in
such as cardboard, paper, Styrofoam and addition to food waste, those structures are
plastic flatware. however, the inclusion of capable of processing a spread of
inorganic waste might render the output of compostable and non-compostable
the device contaminated and improper for materials such as plastic flatware, paper
composting at most centers. those types of and cardboard, Styrofoam, and aluminum
systems are typically set up in a food foil. Pulped food waste can both be hauled
processing area or dish room, even though off-web page or used as a feedstock for a
some structures permit the water extraction dehydrator, composter or different on-
unit to be placed remotely. The output of website device for similarly weight and
these structures is not solid for lengthy- volume reductions.
time period storage and should be
refrigerated or amassed frequently to Shredders are available in a ramification of
prevent odors and pests. sizes and configurations and may fit many
one of a kind stop-consumer space and
Dehydration structures use heat to process capacity requirements. near-coupled
organic wastes right into a sterile, odorless devices combine the pulper and the Biogas
organic fabric with the consistency of right into a unmarried unit, saving area,
sawdust. This form of machine can be money and strength. far flung pulping
combined with a pulping machine to create systems offer more flexibility by way of
more general waste extent reduction and permitting the pulping unit and the Biogas

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 Journal of Advancement in Machines
Volume 4 Issue 2

to be separated by way of as much as produces a roughly 90 percent discount in

several hundred yards, allowing multiple weight and 70 to 90 percent reduction in
pulping unit to be linked to a single quantity. If coupled with a Shredder
Biogas, and allowing the devices to be pulping device, the company claims a total
placed on specific flooring of a building. extent and weight loss of ninety five
Pulping units are available sizes: one percentage is viable. The device is has a
capable of handling 1,000 Kgs of waste rated capacity of eleven to fifteen Kgs
according to hour and a bigger unit able to according to cycle, which the business
handling 1,250 Kgs of waste consistent enterprise claims can be elevated by means
with hour. due to its large tank quantity of up to 8 instances by way of strolling the
and slicing mechanism, the bigger-sized waste via a pulping machine first. Cycle
pulper is often endorsed for non-meals times range with the composition of the
waste including plastic or Styrofoam. The enter and are expected to be among 1 and
agency also gives smaller table-installed 2 hours. The output of this device is
pulping devices with capacities of classed as “sterile biomass” in place of
approximately four hundred Kgs per hour. compost. It calls for overtime to break
Standalone Biogas units have capacities of down earlier than it is able to be used as
one thousand Kilograms according to hour fertilizer. whilst the company claims the
and 3,000 Kgs in step with hour and may end product is appropriate for use as a soil
be attached to a couple of pulpers. due to amendment, extra testing have to be
the huge number of viable configurations, completed earlier than soil utility.
the enterprise prefers to have its engineers
evaluation the layout drawings for a Factor: Water and Drainage
undertaking and endorse the ideal size of Storage and disposal of pulped meals
device to the give up person. waste in contrast to the output of different
structures, this product is still recognizably
The shredder is similar to a pulping device meals waste. If not stored nicely–
but does now not reduce the waste to underneath refrigeration and in nicely-
slurry. The system is able to processing a sealed boxes–it is able to create odors and
throughput of as much as 5 Kilograms of entice pests. Pulped food waste isn't
waste, both meals waste and other compost and needs to be further processed
disposables, and is usually recommended before it is ready for any form of useful
for small- to medium-sized facilities. This application. because it has not been broken
waste is shredded after which pressed to down biologically, pulped meals waste
put off water, main to a quantity discount will generate methane emissions if
of up to 8-to-1, and discharged into a despatched to landfill. institutions
rubbish can. The shredder has the interested by using waste pulping have to
advantage of decreased water and strength cautiously bear in mind their garage and
consumption compared to a traditional disposal options for pulped meals waste.
pulper, but is best to be had in a uncoupled institutions interested by enhancing their
configuration and can not be decoupled as environmental profile have to take into
the pulping structures can. account the use of other on-website online
systems or off-website composting to put
The biogas unit can take delivery of either together pulped meals waste for beneficial
pulped or un-pulped waste, and uses re-use.
temperatures of up to 180º F to break it
down right into a dry, sterile, odorless Residences of dehydrated food waste
biomass with the consistency of sawdust. producers claim that dehydrated food
The manufacturer claims that this machine waste can be used as a soil amendment.

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 Journal of Advancement in Machines
Volume 4 Issue 2

however, evaluation of the rehydrated For the institutions impacted by means of

output of a Shredder dehydrator suggests DEP‟s waste ban, onsite processing is a
that this could not be the case. when feasible fee-effective opportunity to
rehydrated, the gadget‟s output initially modern-day waste control practices which
had a low pH and experienced an initial include landfill and incineration. In-vessel,
spike in temperature. Of extra subject, the dry composters are enclosed packing
material experienced rapid fungal increase, containers that variety from small packing
soon protecting the whole sample. those containers to bath grinders to massive
results led the Loyola Marymount crew to vertical structures. The huge in-vessel
conclude that the dehydrated product was composters are ideal for high-quantity,
not suitable to be used as a soil high-capability use and require advanced
modification without additional or excessive technology. regardless of the
processing. whilst similarly studies into man or woman design, those systems
the properties and uses of dehydrated food commonly employ the identical concepts
waste is needed, it's miles critical to restate and practices. easy, separated organic
that this fabric isn't biologically waste including vegetables, egg shells and
decomposed sufficient to be considered espresso grounds, is loaded into the vessel.
compost. institutions considering use of Air is then eliminated although a air flow
this product as a soil modification must gadget, which inspires oxygenation of the
have their output very well examined to waste. If the waste is specifically wet, a
make certain that it's miles in truth suitable bulking agent additionally called „brown
for this application. count‟, might be wanted; not unusual sorts
of brown remember are woodchips,
Waste Management System 2: compostable papers and sawdust. those
Composting and In-Vessel Dry herbal, porous substances take in extra
Composters moisture in the vessel and assist provide
Composting is a biological method the use basic shape to the waste at some stage in
of heat and oxygen to break down and the decomposition section. For the
remodel organic material into a nutrient- commercial composters available on the
wealthy product. Compost, the stop market, warmness and microorganisms are
product, is commonly used as mulch or normally delivered to kill bacteria and
conditioner to enrich the soil‟s standard pathogens. This level is accompanied by a
structure. when properly used and applied, cooling and curing duration. In maximum
compost enables lessen erosion, enhance commercial composters, automated
and stabilize the pH balance of soil, supply structures aerate and rotate the waste at
beneficial microorganisms and enhance some stage in the decomposition method.
ordinary moisture retention. There are a The quit product is pasteurized compost or
number of composting practices ranging mulch that need to be tested and in a few
from low to excessive era. some of the instances treated to make sure it's far
typically recognized methods on the low- secure for use and application.
tech give up of the spectrum are: Windrow
composting, static piles and separated Processing waste into usable compost
containers of compost with guide blending extends has numerous advantages. On the
and aeration. For the purpose of this bigger, environmental degree, it extends
record, this segment makes a speciality of landfill life, minimizes greenhouse
in-vessel, dry composting structures and gasoline emissions, conserves natural
technology for on-web page, industrial assets and outcomes in an environmentally
use. beneficial cease product. As such,
composting is one of the „complete circle‟

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 Journal of Advancement in Machines
Volume 4 Issue 2

or „zero waste‟ waste discount practices residence” waste (which is predicated on

that measurably minimizes environmental consumers understanding the system and
effect. greater than the environmental doing the proper thing). preserving a
advantages, however, processing waste “smooth” flow of organic waste from “the
into compost will reduce the general front-of-residence” settings may
quantity and allow establishments to additionally require massive client
comply with the waste ban. schooling, signage, and measures which
include switching to compostable plates,
Possible Points of Failure cups and flatware. know-how your group‟s
It's miles important to pick out feasible waste profile by way of engaging in a
points of failure; each in individual waste audit (both internally or externally)
portions of equipment and in an can be a useful step in considering the
organization‟s food waste control device feasibility of those systems.
as an entire, and develop contingency
plans for the way to deal with anticipated Disposition of cease Product
troubles. possible points of failure A prime consideration is what will be
encompass the unintended creation of accomplished with the cease product. If it's
improper items inflicting gadget far to be hauled off-web page for
downtime, electrical or plumbing disasters, processing, preparations will need to be
odors or vermin associated both to the made for storage and pickup. If
gadget itself or the garage of meals waste, pulping/shredding systems are used by
and the opportunity of the unique myself, pickups will need to be frequent
manufacturer going out of business. The and potential problems with odors and
latter can be a concern especially for vermin will need to be taken into
systems that rely on patented, proprietary consideration when putting in place
mixes of micro-organisms or enzymes, for garage. structures that create a solid cease
which there won't be equipped substitutes product can also require much less
if the manufacturer goes out of business. frequent pickups, however the cease
establishments need to carefully examine product will want to be stored in a dry
their exposure and tolerance to these sorts area. If the give up product is for use for
of dangers before committing to a given landscaping or gardening purposes on-site,
system. it is critical to conduct trying out to
determine the most suitable use of the
Institutional Waste Profile product and to assess the level of demand
It's miles essential to remember how your for this product on-web site. If the product
group generates food waste in thinking is to be bought or given away as a
about the suitability of on-web site food fertilizer, assessing the marketplace and
waste control alternatives. most on-web constructing relationships with capacity
site systems (as well as composting buyers or takers will also be critical.
centers) require a “clean” flow of
compostable natural waste. The presence For structures that discharge effluent into
of even small amounts of contaminants the wastewater gadget, it's miles crucial to
inclusive of plastic flatware or cups can discuss with the nearby wastewater district
reason device to fail or render a batch to make sure that the effluent meets
infected and mistaken for beneficial use. standards for BOD and other pollutants. a
Controlling the purity of the organic waste few cities, consisting of Boston, are
flow can be easier for “returned-of-house” reluctant to permit the release of organic
waste (which requires body of workers effluent into their sewer systems. at the
education) than for “the front-of- same time as manufacturers and vendors

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 Journal of Advancement in Machines
Volume 4 Issue 2

normally claim that their products do now institutions thinking about those structures
not pose issues for municipal wastewater ought to searching for independent
structures, our studies suggests that in evaluation to assist claims made with the
some instances these claims are inaccurate. aid of manufacturers and providers.

DESIGN LAYOUT

Figure 1: Design layout.

Table 1: Material selection.

S. NO NAME MATERIALS
1. Ac Motor Cast Iron
2. Blade Stainless Steel
3. Nut & Bolt Mild Steel
4. Connecting Rod Mild Steel
5. Motor Support Cast Iron
6. Housing Stainless Steel
7. Exhaust Plastic

Table 2: Specifications.
S. NO NAME DETAILS
1. Ac Motor 1.5 HP
2. Exhaust R7cm
3. Nut & Bolt M8
4. Connecting Rod 27cm
5. Motor Support 450 X 150 X 6mm
6. Horiz.&Vertical Arm 50 X 25 X 0.5cm
7. Blade 6 x 10cm

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Volume 4 Issue 2

Literature Review

Study and analysis of the

operation

Two food shredder of same

kind were taken for this
experiment

The 6 blade

Initial weight of one part of the

casing is taken as a reference

Both coated and uncoated RAL

is subjected to the normal
operation one after the other.

Operation is carried out for 15

hours

Figure 2: Methodology.

Construction and Working materials that stem from construction and

The development and/or demolition of demolition projects price-correctly.
clearly each construction project generates
waste material that requires recycling or Design Calculation
disposal. Shredders procedure scrap and Motor selection calculation
salvage material together with food waste Power = 2πNT / 60
like boiled ingredients, bones, egg shells, Where,
and many others. Green waste and other N = Speed in rpm,
bulky, heavy material to a consistency this T =Torque in N-m,
is greater efficient for disposal and / or P =Power in watts.
recycling. Production and demolition
waste require extremely durable shredders Torque calculation
with the potential to shred a spread of Torque = Load x perpendicular distance
materials with a wide range of densities
and bulk. Big volumes of scrap wood and Load calculation
different recyclables require a shredder Input =2kg
designed specially to handle production Supporting Arm = 0.3kg
and demolition particles. Rotary Waste Connecting rod= 0.5kg
Shredder is designed to deal with heavy Support = 0.7kg
masses of construction and demolition Total =3.5kg
waste material, processing the debris quick
and efficiently manufactured with Distance
inexpensive replaceable slicing inserts, the Motor Speed = 1,500 rpm
waste shredder reduces waste building Therefore, Power=2π x 1500 x 2/ 60
P = 314W.

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 Journal of Advancement in Machines
Volume 4 Issue 2

Therefore, 314 W power and 2 N-m is  Power intake is low

required to the motor at load condition.  Unskilled worker can operate without
problems
Fabrication Techniques
Welding RESULT
Welding is a fabrication or sculptural Thus, the food waste shredder machine is
technique that joins materials, commonly designed and fabricated under successful
metals or thermoplastics, via inflicting manner and performed with a real time
coalescence. This is regularly completed application.
by melting the work portions and adding a
filler fabric to form a pool of molten cloth
(the weld pool) that cools to end up a
robust joint, with pressure from time to
time used at the side of warmth, or via
itself, to produce the weld. That is in
contrast with soldering and brazing, which
contain melting a decrease-melting-factor
material between the paintings pieces to
shape a bond among them, without melting
the paintings pieces.

Drilling
Drilling is a cutting procedure that uses a
drill bit to cut or make bigger a hollow of Figure 3: Real time working mode.l
circular cross-phase in solid fabric. The
drill bit is a rotary reducing device,
frequently multipoint. The bit is pressed in
opposition to the paintings piece and
circled at prices from hundreds to heaps of
revolution per minute. This forces the
slicing edge against the work piece, cutting
off chips from the hollow as it is drilled.

Bending
When sheet metallic is bent, it stretches in
length. The bend deduction is the amount
the sheet steel will stretch whilst bent as
measured from the outside edges of the Figure 4: Blade front view.
bend. The bend radius refers back to the
inside radius. The fashioned bend radius
depends upon the dies used, the material
homes, and the fabric thickness.

Advantages
 Less expensive and powerful
 Green initiative.
 No pollutants
 Initial price is low
 Quite simple in construction
Figure 5: Food waste input

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 Journal of Advancement in Machines
Volume 4 Issue 2

4. P.B.Khope and J.P.Modak (2013),

“Design of experimental set-up for
establishing empirical relationship for
chaff cutter
5. Energized by human powered flywheel
motor”, Journal of Agricultural
Technology Volume 9, Issue 4, pp.
779−791.
6. Ajinkya S.Hande et al. (December
2014), “Methodology For Design &
Fabrication of Portable Organic Waste
Chopping Machine To Obtain
Figure 6: side of the waste shredder. Compost -A Review”, IJIRST –
International Journal for Innovative
CONCLUSION Research in Science & Technology
On-site food waste systems are alternatives Volume 1, Issue 7, ISSN (online):
to landfill disposal and can facilitate 2349-6010
compliance with the proposed waste ban. 7. Krishna Naik et al. (July 2014),
These systems can be used as an “Design and fabrication of Areca fiber
alternative or a complement to off-site extraction Machine”, International
composting of food waste. While Journal of Emerging Technology and
interviews with staff at facilities using Advanced Engineering ISSN 2250-
these technologies indicate general success 2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified
at reducing the volume and weight of food Journal, Volume 4, Issue 7,
waste generated, a number of potential 8. Y. Prashanth et al. (April 2014),
concerns also came to light. Many of these “Design and Development of Coconut
systems are relatively new to the market Fiber Extraction Machine ”Department
and have not been thoroughly tested. of Design, M. S. Ramaiah School of
While our findings suggest that they can Advanced Studies, Bangalore- 560
be a valuable component of an institutional 058Volume 13, Issue 1.
food waste management program, they 9. S.Nithyananth, Libin Samuel et al
also point to the need for careful planning (March 2014), “Design of Waste
and due diligence prior to purchase. Shredder Machine”, Int. Journal of
Engineering Research and
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