Date Page No.

Topic

Expeximest -l

Aim-Intducthan mATLAR and to pt vauoA CuHYeA -

G Unt Inpulse dunchen

(iSiynum dunctien

() eisdie and Nn-paindic Sunthok

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pgami devekeped
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WRITO-LINE ecos itsely Teacher's Sign..
 title('nom
periodic
xlabel(tine")
sigal") Sbplot(2,1,2)
ylabel(ampli plot(x)xlabel(tine')
X=rand
ylabel(anplitude')
signal)
periodic
title( plot(t,y)
y=sin(t);
subplott=-18:e.e1:1
title('discrete
inpulse')
; xlabel('n')subplot
('u(n)
ylabel")(n,u)
continuousylabel(
inpulse')
stemtítle(" plot
'u(t)subplot(2, u)1,
1)
(n,n=-18:19;
U-[zeros
(1,
xlabel(t "); );
t-20:e.01:
y=heaviside
axis plot(t); 20;
152) (2,
(2,
1, (1, ([
(t,y,
tude) ; 1) 1, -20
2) 18) "linekidth',20
1 -2
zeros
2]);
(1,
3)
19) ;
];

Siscrete
impuie Continuous
impuise

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 Page No
Date
Topic

SIGNUMEUNCIION i)Uit Step funchn

n-20: 20;
x_ nl=n-@; 270
05
stem(n, x_n1) ;
x_ n2=n=@;
sten(n, X_n2) ; -05
sgn_n=x_nl-x_ n2;
-20 13 10 5 10 15 20
ste(n, sgn_n);
ohich
Stt othesw ise
EXPONENTIONAL EUNCTION
20

n=-28:20; xenYalu e x
10 7D

xn=2.*(0.9. ^n); 5

plot(n, x_n); 1 -10 5 10 15 20

SINE WAVE
zapmental ath
a-2; sine plot
f=2;
t=0:8.01:1; O 05
x=sin(2"pi"ft)
plot(t, x, 'linawidth', 3);
title('sine plot');
a apeetie he iotezval while
xlabel(" tine') ; 02
time
06 0.9
neASakay epeti ite path and can
ylabel(' arplitude '); MYe at any path

Loealatted m mata and

matla Loeee tudied

WRITO-LINE eco Teacher's Sign.

 title
convalution):
plet(x, plot(x, plet(, SAlot
, FiNN
the 1
siNi & label(
Sanple);
title(Convolution
ulse2_lengthinput('Enter
figunes
comvolution_nesult
conv(ulsei,
Sic2stem(convolutioneslt);
xlinspace(-S,000); S, ulse2); Delsel Dulsel_
ylabel(nplitude
ylabel(Anplitue subplet(3,
sbplot(3,3)sA,ylabel(Anpitue
)s ): sic); figures
siN); ,) subplot(, );covolution ylabel(Aplitene
Defie );
label(Te )s abel(Tie)s ): abel(
Te) lse
Covlution the lengthingut(
Sinc(N;
sinc(r)s the ones(1,
pulse2_length)
ones(,
convolution
sin
sic
conv(sincl,
Dlses pulse_length)s
f pulses of
Ente
sinc Rectangul
aN
the the
Pulses sinc2,'same')
their
ar length length
coolution Pulses
) of of
);
7
sum(sinc1);

Convoltoh

ol
Rectanguler

Puikes

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hea Requiaed.
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PulleHence Topic

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Canval ub
Canvalutian
he teckangdat pulbed
andon.
deviatin
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onf
Exferimct2
vatil MATLAB.
Date
in adasg
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er'Sgns X,
Tldz plded
let

iáa Page No
e
te kinc
mn plbe
 Date
Title. Page.

talket xt) and hlt) be 2 hectangulakpulica

A

se-oeined
num
paname tes
2ulses = inutEnter the nunber of rectangular pulses: ):
2lse cth iNt('Enten the idt blt-I= A
f each Nctangular alse: ):
lse_height = innut( Enter the height of each rectangular pulse: ')
1 heate a vecton reonesenting one rectangul ar pulse
Lalse linspace(-5, 5, 1002);
ret_lse = retals(t_aul se,
Comvolve mulinle rectangulan pulse_with;
I
aulses
canvelve_result
for i= 2:hun alses t_ulse;
comvolve_result = conv(convolved result, rct_pulse, 'same') t<-27
max(camv(convalved_result, rect_ulse, 'same'));
visualization
Normalize for better ERTA A|)At+) -2T<t<o
end A (27-t) D<t<2T
1 2lot the reslts tT

subnlot (2,1,1);
plot(t_ulse, rect_pulse, Lineidth', 2); A2T -lt)
title('he Rectangular Pulse )
label("Tine )s
ylabel(Anplituce');
subplot (2,1,2);
plot(t_pulse, convalved_result, 'Linewiath', 2);
title("Convalution of Nltiple Rectangular Pulses');
dabel(Tìne' )s The
ylabel (Anplitude);
sgtitle(Verification af Central Linit Theoren' );
alot(t, convalved_pulse, Linekidth', 2);
title('Convolution of Sync Pulses');
label("Tìne' );
ylabel("'Anplitude):
title('Demonstrating Convalution of Syne Pulses') ahtained
plathed imilaL
mAILAßai
auccaaju
Land he
Verication of Central Lmt Theorem
eRaatangar Pse icdeapiabad thenmaaly

CLASSTIME
 Page No
Date
Topic

Exp£RImENT- 3
1rneers
1 Sanpling nequency ( )
Duration of sgnal (s)
t2/Ps:t/2:Tine vecton Aim - To the
1 Create a Gussiam puse signal
1 Standane deviation
e-t.2(2*siga"2)):
1 Cute the Fourier transt t the original signal
Ptshif(Ft x)):
17ne shLft panametes
tsht2. 1Tine shitt amount
1S he signal in tine omai
ted ep(-(t - sh)."2/("sigma));
1 Comute the Fourier transfom f the shefted signal
Lshfted - tshift(fft(x_shifted)):
1ecuency ector
ength(t):
-(-Fs2:FsNFs/2-Fs N)
Translan A a mathemateal
2 Puot the orginal and shahed sigals n tine and reauency domains

Thasy- Th a a
gune: Orgina Sigrai Mapntuu SpetmDngima
sot(2, 2, 1)E

tite( riginal Sigral ):

Kabel Time (s) D: technigue hat demai sepeleototon
ViabeAue):
sulot2, 2, 2) Can be l e d t
oti(F, abs (K3):
titieagntue Specoum
Te s
Shte Spra
Magnituoe SpectrumShe
Lanalz it Cestent ad
Kabe(reauency ) 3 :
yabe(gniudeD:
subplot(Z, 2, 31:
platt, _shaFte) mdulaim onddemoduletn

Frecuenc
sgot(2, 2, 4):
plt, absK_shiftec)):
title g t u e Spectu (Shftec)"):
KLatel(Fneauency

2ry tine shifting pnaperty shifted()= ) Erp-j2pi*t_snift)

epecte Kfted = exp(-1j*zi"ftstift):
SFt he and expectec _shifted
erence beteen conputed Dfenece betuee Computd at Ege
figune
sunglst B,2.1)
pi(, abs(kshiftes - exgected T_stifted));
titeufference bete Computet ane Epected

Flo) e^ljut
WRITO-LINE eco Teacher's Sign.
 Page No.
Date
Topic

the
ananetens the hoe
1Sanpl ing frequency (H2) amawnt
1Duration ef signal (s)
t:1Es:t; 1Tine vector
demain t the ahiftd
1heate a cosine wave signal
* Frequency of the cosine wave (Hz)
olamain

opute the Fourier trans form of the original signal

X= fft(x); gll=c^ywtlil)
t Frequency shift parameters
f_shift = 5; 3 Frequency shift amount
S Shift the signal in frequency domain
X shifted = fftshift (X) ;
N- length(X_shifted) ;
f - (-Fs/2:Fs/N: Fs/2-Fs/N) ;
X_shifted - X_shifted * exp(1j*2*pi*f_shift"t);
Compute the inverse Fourier transform of the shifted signal
x shifted - ifft(ifftshi ft(X_ shifted));
Plot the original and shifted signals in time domain
figure; Oniginal Signal
subplot(2, 1, 1);
pl x);
ec'Original Signal');
xlabel(Time (s)");
ylabel("Anplitude');

subplot (2, 1, 2); Tme (s)

plot(t, real(x_shifted) ) ; Shifted Signal

title('Shi fted Signal');

xlabel ("Tine (s));
ylabel( 'Anp litude');

Verify frequency shifting property 500 05 06 08

diff_signal = x - real (x_shifted); Tne (s)
max_diff = max(abs (diff_signal));
disp(["Maximum difference between original and shifted signals: ',
num2str(max_diff)]);

WRITO-LINE CO% Teacher's Sign.

 Page tio
Date
Topio

lanvelution A a mdhemahcal
ConYutm puaperty pscdusa
Opaton thataled
1Define two functions f(t) and g(t)
t-5:0.e1:5: hitdfunchim hat sprasea
f sin(t); % Define f(t)
8- cos(t); XDefine g(t) othe The Canveluto sapeuty
S Compute h(t) f(t) g(t) 2tatesthat
h conv(f, g, 'same' ); ftheouxir tanh fah
$Conpute Fourier transforms of f(t), g(t), and h(t) Tnotbes
their foiee Torarkfaok
F fft(f);
G fft(g); the pduct a
agnali and glt, thu
f(t
fft (h) ;
2
S Plot the results
Lonyetution hlt) can be cOitten as
subplot (3, 1, 1);
plot(t, f); 1 2
Time
títle(' f(t) "); g()

xlabel("Time' );
ylabel( ' Amplitude');
denptes LonvelhooThen the t u r
subplot (3, 1, 2); ohee
plot(t, 8); Tune
h() t) o t ) O O a tensfo~ho of hlt) Hlo) can be
title('g(t) ');
xlabel ('Time' );
ylabel ("Amplitude');
Hlw) =Elw) clw)
subplot (3, 1, 3) ; 530 ase he
whese Flw) and clo)
Time
plot(t, h);
títle("h (t) f(t) g(t)"');
xlabel ('Time'); oflt) and
ylabel('Amplitude ');
*Verify Fourier transform property: F{h(t)} = F(f(t) g(t)}
figure;
ard
subplot (3, 1, 1);
plot (abs (fftshift (F)));
title('Fourier Transform of f(t)');
Fourier Transform off ( t ) 0 0 the zgeph
pepehes Lore
pletted
xlabel(" Frequency' ) ; VasiDus
ylabel ("Magnítude'); 400 1030 120
Frequency
subplot (3, 1, 2); Fourier Transform of gt)
plot (abs (fftshift(G) );
title('Fourier Transform of g(t)');
xlabel("'Frequency' );
ylabel ("Magnitude'); Frisancy
1010 1200

Fourler Transform of ht)AhOGa

subplot(3, 1, 3);
plot (abs(fftshift (H)));
title('Fourier Transform of h(t) ');
xlabel ('Erequency');
ylabel( "Magnitude '); Frequenc

WRITO-LINE ecos Teacher's Sign.

 Page No.
Date
Topic

TUEABL biskit
Caital Iabesduchao to ETI Kt
9-15/1A OPOMER

PANSIG Expeimestes
Traot ol i
UUES
Darme impie the Enm Da Teleumk
A t lommuni catiao and
abot
hed te helo 2tudenta leatn
destboks A
ll conition
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impifed repraeatation f a
GD

DIGITAL MODUL
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MULTIPLIER
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Telecoms-Trainer
101 CornmOLocksi
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ANALOG
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SWHCH
ENCODER and

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GENEHANDE The addes medleia led

11NRZM real hme Twa enaleg inpt ipal Al) eR) ma

MULTIPLIER be added adtalle pepuhhon Gand g
MULTIPLIER The ewlht um iK preseotd at he outpt
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Ihe Becand
The Addes |) intludes adjutable gai
ADDER LE adder Ix The Addes
VDc EXDR ampliter
Can as be Lwhed as a mmal
me iopt ad he inpu

WRITO-LINE eCO Teacher's Sign..

 signalaThid
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WRITO-L
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Topio
Agaala
 Topic Date Page No

Tbe cther
a vatiable anpiter The bulte Can be used
and a ttenuate
|educe)Jangeignal.
Cae 2hauldbe takern toenkwe thatlates
medles ate not aveloaded du de excestie gai
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Thw have adlthe Llocka

EIT-oL kit .

WRITO-LINE eco Teacher's Sign.

 2XYe
Caiet

Latal
X tle
nadulto
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Calie mte
CANues etal
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mdalaed

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a band TDual
to le alegoth Page No
kMz cackA Caxie IA dobeide
vies efeqn A channd
Cascek amd koken

higha
 VCo Topic Date Page No
mERIK 7UNPSE NO1SE
CENC RATR

-2sd90 3S h e rmede Lonttt del paitn t

BFFER
yieY D9B-SC

4Recay2k the oeiage uing puct deteck by

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ampltude t be

LT donimit and
Trdeprdt Contal to 2msdiy pitim and t n Buex Mdue
VCO
antclrkoike

Pedud
WRITO-LNE eco Teacher's Sign.
 Date
Title Page.

he cheo kdeataed
osdiy poitin
Loate phase 2hfte nuolle geun derntuel dtt
t pation and
middle sf teovel
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Bucawt
Pucau had be checked boxe cannzih

CLASSTIME
 Date
Pge.

which
7 Cha
he Lave
Lanpltk
Am sinal dranianthog a pisaf
LandA

Called madlaien and Hh i he mia

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envelapedetee

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t genkatl that iA ampltde
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Dlal CLASSTIME
 Date
Title. Page

ttanuahienantl
the Seane'k Vehal a

sDiceecd the capei channel inpt Jaom he Sachfck

Quput Canneet RC LPFk cutt inttead

stup Bccpet tmehase Conteeltthe2 msldie peaihen

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CLASSTME