STE-8 - Science

MITOSIS AND
MEIOSIS
PARTS OF THE LESSON
Part 1: What is Mitosis?

Part 2: What is Meiosis

Part 3: Activity Quiz

Goals
To be able to fully understand
what Mitosis and Meiosis is, And
their processes.

To be able to differentiate the

difference between mitosis and
meiosis

To be able to explain why Mitosis

and Meiosis is important to us
humans.
 PART 1

What is Mitosis?

Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its

chromosomes and then segregates them, producing
two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.
Mitosis is generally followed by equal division of the
cell's content into two daughter cells that have
identical genomes..
Complete the Sentence Question No. 1

Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its

and then segregates them,
producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell
division.

A. Organelles C. Cytoplasm

B. Chromosomes D. Cell membrane

Complete the Sentence Question No. 1

Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its

and then segregates them,
producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell
division.

A. Organelles C. Cytoplasm

B. Chromosomes D. Cell membrane

 PART 1

STAGES OF
MITOSIS
to Identifying the processes that Mitosis
undergoes
Identify the Process Stage 1

Interphase

The interphase is the period wherein the cell

is in a nondividing state
Identify the Process Stage 1

Prophase
Prophase is the first phase of
mitosis, the process that
separates the duplicated genetic
material carried in the nucleus of a
parent cell into two identical
daughter cells. During prophase,
the complex of DNA and proteins
contained in the nucleus, known
as chromatin, condenses.
 Identify the Process Stage 1

Prophase
During prophase, the
chromosomes condense and
centrosomes move to opposite
sides of the nucleus, initiating
formation of the mitotic spindle.
 Identify the Process stage 1

Mitotic spindles
formed during prophase are
composed of microtubules and
have a ropelike structure. The
function of the mitotic spindle is
to help to equally divide the
chromosomes in the parent cell to
ensure that equal, identical copies
are found in both daughter cells
after mitosis is complete.
Identify the Process stage 2

Prometaphase

The Second stage of Mitosis

Identify the Process stage 2

Prometaphase
the second phase of mitosis, the process that
separates the duplicated genetic material
carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two
identical daughter cells. During prometaphase,
the physical barrier that encloses the nucleus,
called the nuclear envelope, breaks down
Identify the Process stage 2
Identify the Process stage 2

kinetochore

A kinetochore is a large protein complex that

forms on a specific part of a chromosome
called the centromere. It plays a crucial role in
attaching microtubules to the chromosome for
proper segregation during cell division.
Identify the Process stage 2
Identify the Process stage 2

kinetochore microtubules

Kinetochores are protein complexes that attach

chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic
spindle These remarkable microtubule-binding
machines are capable of tracking the dynamic
tips of growing and shortening microtubules for
many minutes without detaching
Identify the Process stage 2

Polar Microtubules

The second type of microtubules found in the

mitotic spindle (polar microtubules) are not
attached to chromosomes. Instead, the polar
microtubules emanating from the two
centrosomes are stabilized by overlapping with
each other in the center of the cell.
Identify the Process stage 3

Metaphase
a stage during the process of cell division
(mitosis or meiosis). Normally, individual
chromosomes are spread out in the cell
nucleus. During metaphase, the nucleus
dissolves and the cell's chromosomes condense
and move together, aligning in the center of the
dividing cell.
Identify the Process stage 3

Metaphase
Identify the Process stage 3

Metaphase
In metaphase, the spindle has captured all the
chromosomes and lined them up at the middle
of the cell, ready to divide. All the chromosomes
align at the metaphase plate (not a physical
structure, just a term for the plane where the
chromosomes line up).
Identify the Process stage 3
Identify the Process stage 4

Anaphase
Identify the Process stage 4

Anaphase
the shortest stage of mitosis, the sister
chromatids break apart, and the chromosomes
begin moving to opposite ends of the cell. By
the end of anaphase, the 2 halves of the cell
have an equivalent collection of chromosomes.
Identify the Process stage 4

Anaphase
The sister chromatids separate from each other
and are pulled towards opposite ends of the
cell. The protein “glue” that holds the sister
chromatids together is broken down, allowing
them to separate. Each is now its own
chromosome. The chromosomes of each pair
are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.
Identify the Process stage 4

Anaphase
Identify the Process stage 5

Telophase
the process that separates
the duplicated genetic
material carried in the
nucleus of a parent cell into
two identical daughter cells.
Identify the Process stage 5

Telophase
the cell is nearly done dividing, and it starts to
re-establish its normal structures as
cytokinesis (division of the cell contents)
takes place. The mitotic spindle is broken
down into its building blocks. Two new nuclei
form, one for each set of chromosomes.
Nuclear membranes and nucleoli reappear.
Identify the Process stage 6

Cytokinesis
the physical process of
cell division, which
divides the cytoplasm of
a parental cell into two
daughter cells.
Identify the Process stage 6

Cytokinesis
the process by which one cell physically
divides into two cells. Cytokinesis
represents the major reproductive
procedure of unicellular organisms, and it
occurs in the process of embryonic
development and tissue growth and repair
of higher plants and animals.
Identify the Process stage 6

Illustration
Complete the Sentence Question No. 2

What stage sits in between Metaphase and

Telophase?

A. Prophase C. Anaphase

B. Cyrokinesis D. Prometaphase
Complete the Sentence Question No. 2

What stage sits in between Metaphase and

Telophase?

A. Prophase C. Anaphase

B. Cyrokinesis D. Prometaphase
 PART 2

What is Meiosis

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms

that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes
(the sex cells, or egg and sperm). In humans, body (or
somatic) cells are diploid, containing two sets of
chromosomes (one from each parent)..
 PART 2

Prophase I
Chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes
pair up, and crossing-over occurs (exchange of genetic
material for diversity). The nuclear envelope breaks
down, and spindle fibers form.
 PART 2

Prophase I
 PART 2

Metaphase I
Homologous chromosome pairs align at the center of the
cell. Independent assortment happens, increasing
genetic variation.
 PART 2

Metaphase I
 PART 2

Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes are pulled/seperated to
opposite sides of the cell (but sister chromatids stay
together).
 PART 2

Anaphase I
 PART 2

Telophase I & Cytokinesis

Two haploid (n) daughter cells form, each with half the
original chromosome number.
 PART 2

Telophase I &
Cytokinesis
 PART 2

Prophase II
Chromosomes condense again, spindle fibers form, and
the nuclear envelope breaks down.
 PART 2

Prophase II
 PART 2

Metaphase II
Chromosomes align at the center of the cell.
 PART 2

Metaphase II
 PART 2

Anaphase II
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides
 PART 2

Anaphase II
 PART 2

Telophase II & Cytokinesis

our genetically unique haploid (n) cells are formed. These
become sperm or egg cells.
 PART 2

Telophase II & Cytokinesis

Meiosis Illustration
PART 2
Answer the correct answer QUIZZZZ

QUIZ TIME!!!

Mitosis and
Meiosis
Answer the correct answer Question No. 1

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A. To produce identical B. To make sperm

daughter cells and egg cells

C. To reduce D. To create
chromosome number genetic diversity
Answer the correct answer Question No. 2

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of

mitosis? .

A. 1 B. 2

C. 3 D. 4
Answer the correct answer Question No. 3

Which type of cells are produced by meiosis?

A. Skin cells C. Gametes

B. Muscle cells D. Blood cells

Answer the correct answer Question No. 4

During which phase of meiosis do homologous

chromosomes separate?

A. Prophase I C. Anaphase I

B. Metaphase I D. Telophase II
Answer the correct answer Question No. 5

What happens in anaphase of mitosis?

A. The nuclear C. Chromatids are

membrane reforms pulled apart

B. Chromosomes D. Spindle fibers

condense disappear
Complete the Sentence Question No. 4

ANSWER KEY
Answer the correct answer Question No. 1

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A. To produce identical B. To make sperm

daughter cells and egg cells

C. To reduce D. To create
chromosome number genetic diversity
Answer the correct answer Question No. 1

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A. To produce identical B. To make sperm

daughter cells and egg cells

C. To reduce D. To create
chromosome number genetic diversity
Answer the correct answer Question No. 2

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of

mitosis? .

A. 1 C. 3

B. 2 D. 4
Answer the correct answer Question No. 2

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of

mitosis? .

A. 1 C. 3

B. 2 D. 4
Answer the correct answer Question No. 3

Which type of cells are produced by meiosis?

A. Skin cells C. Gametes

B. Muscle cells D. Blood cells

Answer the correct answer Question No. 3

Which type of cells are produced by meiosis?

A. Skin cells C. Gametes

B. Muscle cells D. Blood cells

Answer the correct answer Question No. 4

During which phase of meiosis do homologous

chromosomes separate?

A. Prophase I C. Anaphase I

B. Metaphase I D. Telophase II
Answer the correct answer Question No. 4

During which phase of meiosis do homologous

chromosomes separate?

A. Prophase I C. Anaphase I

B. Metaphase I D. Telophase II
Answer the correct answer Question No. 5

What happens in anaphase of mitosis?

A. The nuclear B. Chromosomes

membrane reforms condense

C. Chromatids are D. Spindle fibers

pulled apart disappear
Answer the correct answer Question No. 5

THANK YOU
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Summative Test

Mitosis and
Meiosis
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test I. Multiple Choice

Directions:

Write the letter of your

correct answer.
Answer the correct answer Question No. 1

1. During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids

seperate?

A. Prophase B. Metaphase

C. Anaphase D. Telophase
Answer the correct answer Question No. 2

2. Which process results in four genetically unique

daughter cells?

A. Mitosis B. Binary fission

C. Meiosis D. Budding
Answer the correct answer Question No. 3

3. What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

A. Production of B. Growth and

gametes repair

D. Reduction of
C. Genetic variation
chromosome numbers
Answer the correct answer Question No. 4

4. What is the difference between prophase I of meiosis

and prophase of mitosis?

A. Chromosomes B. Homologous
chromosomes pair up and
condense undergo crossing over

C. The nuclear D. The spindle fi

membrane disappears bers form
Answer the correct answer Question No. 5

5. How many chromosomes does a human daughter

cell have after mitosis?

A. 23 B. 46

C. 92 D. 12
Answer the correct answer Question No. 6

6. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?

A. Skin cells B. Muscle cells

C. Somatic cells D. Gametes

Answer the correct answer Question No. 7

7. Which of the following does not occur in mitosis but

occurs in meiosis?

A. Separation of sister B. Pairing of

homologous
chromatids
chromosomes

C. Formation of spindle D. Division of the

fibers nucleus
Answer the correct answer Question No. 8

8. What is a key benefit of meiosis?

A. Produces identical B. Increases

cells genetic variation

C. Repairs damaged D. Shortens cell

tissues cycle duration
Answer the correct answer Question No. 9

9. In which phase of mitosis do chromosome align at

the cells’ equator?

A. Prophase B. Metaphase

C. Anaphase D. Telophase
Answer the correct answer Question No. 10

10. What structure is responsible for pulling

chromosomes apart during mitosis and meiosis?

A. Nucleolus B. Spindle fibers

C. Cell membrane D. Ribosomes

Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

Directions:

Write T if the statement is

true, and F if it is false.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

1. Meiosis produces cells with the same

number of chromosomes as the parent
cell.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

2. Mitosis is the process by which a cell
replicates its chromosomes and then
segregates them, producing two
identical nuclei in preparation for cell
division.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

3. Crossing over occurs in mitosis.

Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

4. Meiosis results in genetically

identical daughter cells.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

5. The centromere is the region where

sister chromatids are attached.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

6. In mitosis, the number of

chromosomes is reduced by half.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

7. During telophase, the nuclear

membrane reforms.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

8. Cytokinesis always occurs immediately

after mitosis.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

9. In humans, meiosis occurs only in

reproductive organs.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

10.Homologous chromosomes are

identical copies of each other.
Complete the Sentence Question No. 4

ANSWER KEY
Answer the correct answer Question No. 1

1. During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids

seperate?

A. Prophase B. Metaphase

C. Anaphase D. Telophase
Answer the correct answer Question No. 1

1. During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids

seperate?

A. Prophase B. Metaphase

C. Anaphase D. Telophase
Answer the correct answer Question No. 2

2. Which process results in four genetically unique

daughter cells?

A. Mitosis B. Binary fission

C. Meiosis D. Budding
Answer the correct answer Question No. 2

2. Which process results in four genetically unique

daughter cells?

A. Mitosis B. Binary fission

C. Meiosis D. Budding
Answer the correct answer Question No. 3

3. What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

A. Production of B. Growth and

gametes repair

D. Reduction of
C. Genetic variation
chromosome numbers
Answer the correct answer Question No. 3

3. What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

A. Production of B. Growth and

gametes repair

D. Reduction of
C. Genetic variation
chromosome numbers
Answer the correct answer Question No. 4

4. What is the difference between prophase I of meiosis

and prophase of mitosis?

A. Chromosomes B. Homologous
chromosomes pair up and
condense undergo crossing over

C. The nuclear D. The spindle fi

membrane disappears bers form
Answer the correct answer Question No. 4

4. What is the difference between prophase I of meiosis

and prophase of mitosis?

A. Chromosomes B. Homologous
chromosomes pair up and
condense undergo crossing over

C. The nuclear D. The spindle fi

membrane disappears bers form
Answer the correct answer Question No. 5

5. How many chromosomes does a human daughter

cell have after mitosis?

A. 23 B. 46

C. 92 D. 12
Answer the correct answer Question No. 5

5. How many chromosomes does a human daughter

cell have after mitosis?

A. 23 B. 46

C. 92 D. 12
Answer the correct answer Question No. 6

6. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?

A. Skin cells B. Muscle cells

C. Somatic cells D. Gametes

Answer the correct answer Question No. 7

7. Which of the following does not occur in mitosis but

occurs in meiosis?

A. Separation of sister B. Pairing of

homologous
chromatids
chromosomes

C. Formation of spindle D. Division of the

fibers nucleus
Answer the correct answer Question No. 8

8. What is a key benefit of meiosis?

A. Produces identical B. Increases

cells genetic variation

C. Repairs damaged D. Shortens cell

tissues cycle duration
Answer the correct answer Question No. 9

9. In which phase of mitosis do chromosome align at

the cells’ equator?

A. Prophase B. Metaphase

C. Anaphase D. Telophase
Answer the correct answer Question No. 10

10. What structure is responsible for pulling

chromosomes apart during mitosis and meiosis?

A. Nucleolus B. Spindle fibers

C. Cell membrane D. Ribosomes

Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

Directions:

Write T if the statement is

true, and F if it is false.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

1. Meiosis produces cells with the same

number of chromosomes as the parent
cell.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

F
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

2. Mitosis is the process by which a cell
replicates its chromosomes and then
segregates them, producing two
identical nuclei in preparation for cell
division.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

T
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

3. Crossing over occurs in mitosis.

Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

F
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

4. Meiosis results in genetically

identical daughter cells.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

F
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

5. The centromere is the region where

sister chromatids are attached.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

T
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

6. In mitosis, the number of

chromosomes is reduced by half.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

F
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

7. During telophase, the nuclear

membrane reforms.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

T
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

8. Cytokinesis always occurs immediately

after mitosis.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

T
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

9. In humans, meiosis occurs only in

reproductive organs.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

T
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

10.Homologous chromosomes are

identical copies of each other.
Answer the correct answer Summative test

Test II. True or False

F
Answer the correct answer Summative test

I. Multiple Choice II. True or False

1. C 1. F
2. C 2. T
3. B 3. F
4. B 4. F
5. B 5. T
6. D 6. F
7. B 7. T
8. B 8. T
9. B 9. T
10. B 10. F