CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTION:
1. Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi body
2. Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Chloroplast
D) Ribosome
3. The cell membrane is described as semi-permeable because it:
A) Allows all substances to pass through
B) Allows some substances to pass while blocking others
C) Blocks all substances from entering the cell
D) Acts as a rigid structure for support
4. Which part of the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?
A) Nucleolus
B) Ribosomes
C) Lysosomes
D) Golgi body
Multiple Choice Questions - Respiration
1. Which of the following occurs during aerobic respiration?
A) Oxygen is used to break down glucose to produce energy
B) Glucose is converted into lactic acid
C) Less energy is produced than in anaerobic respiration
D) No carbon dioxide is produced
2. Which gas is a waste product of aerobic respiration?
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Hydrogen
3. In which organelle does aerobic respiration take place?
A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondrion
C) Nucleus
D) Golgi body
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about anaerobic respiration?
A) It occurs only in plants
B) It produces more energy than aerobic respiration
C) It does not require oxygen
D) It produces carbon dioxide and water
Multiple Choice Questions - Excretion
1. Which of the following is an excretory product of the kidneys?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Urea
C) Bile
D) Oxygen
2. Which organ is responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the body?
A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Small intestine
3. The functional unit of the kidney is called the:
A) Alveolus
B) Nephron
C) Villus
D) Glomerulus
4. Which part of the kidney is responsible for filtration of blood?
A) Loop of Henle
B) Collecting duct
C) Glomerulus
D) Ureter
Multiple Choice Questions - Nutrition
1. Which of the following is a macronutrient?
A) Vitamin C
B) Calcium
C) Glucose
D) Iron
2. Which type of nutrient is primarily responsible for growth and repair?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Vitamins
3. The main function of cellulose in the human diet is to:
A) Provide energy
B) Aid in digestion by adding fiber
C) Build strong bones
D) Increase the absorption of vitamins
4. Which disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C?
A) Rickets
B) Scurvy
C) Beriberi
D) Pellagra
5. Which food group provides the most energy per gram?
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Lipids
D) Vitamins
Multiple Choice Questions - Enzymes
1. Enzymes are:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Fats
2. Enzymes work best at an optimum:
A) Pressure
B) Temperature and pH
C) Salinity
D) Concentration
3. Which enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?
A) Pepsin
B) Amylase
C) Lipase
D) Maltase
4. What happens to enzymes when they are exposed to high temperatures?
A) They become more active
B) They are denatured
C) They break down into amino acids
D) They work faster
5. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?
A) Lipase
B) Trypsin
C) Pepsin
D) Amylase
Structured Questions - Cell and its functions
Question 1
(a) Draw a labeled diagram of an animal cell.
(b) State TWO differences between plant and animal cells.
(c) Explain the function of the nucleus and the cell membrane.
Question 2
(a) Describe the structure of the cell membrane and its role in controlling substances entering
and leaving the cell.
(b) Explain why mitochondria are found in large numbers in muscle cells.
(c) Name the organelle responsible for:
i. Digesting old cell parts
ii. Packaging and transporting proteins
Question 3
(a) Compare the structure and function of a plant cell with that of an animal cell.
(b) Explain the process of diffusion and osmosis, giving one example of each in living cells.
Structured Questions - Respiration
Question 1:
(a) Define respiration and distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (4 marks)
(b) Write the word and chemical equations for aerobic respiration. (3 marks)
(c) Explain why lactic acid is produced in anaerobic respiration and describe its effect on the
human body. (3 marks)
Question 2:
(a) Name two energy-requiring processes in living organisms. (2 marks)
(b) Explain how the structure of the alveoli in the lungs is adapted for gas exchange. (4 marks)
(c) Describe what happens to the breathing rate during exercise and explain why this occurs. (4
marks)
Structured Questions - Excretion
Question 1:
(a) Define the term excretion and give two examples of excretory products in humans. (3
marks)
(b) Explain the role of the kidneys in the process of excretion. (4 marks)
(c) State one difference between excretion and egestion. (2 marks)
Question 2:
(a) Draw a labeled diagram of the human urinary system. (4 marks)
(b) Explain how the kidney helps to maintain homeostasis in the body. (4 marks)
(c) What is the function of the ureter and the bladder? (2 marks)
Essay Questions
Question 3:
(a) Describe the process of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, explaining the role of oxygen
and glucose in each. (10 marks)
(b) Discuss how the human body removes carbon dioxide, urea, and excess water,
highlighting the roles of the lungs, kidneys, and skin. (10 marks)
Structured Questions - nutrition
Question 1:
(a) Define nutrition and distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. (4
marks)
(b) Describe the role of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the human body. (6 marks)
Question 2:
(a) Explain the importance of a balanced diet. (3 marks)
(b) State the deficiency diseases caused by a lack of:
i. Iron
ii. Vitamin D
iii. Protein (3 marks)
(c) Describe the role of bile in digestion. (4 marks)
Structured Questions - Enzymes
Question 3:
(a) Define the term enzyme and describe its function. (4 marks)
(b) Explain the lock-and-key hypothesis of enzyme action. (4 marks)
(c) Name the enzymes that break down:
i. Carbohydrates
ii. Proteins
iii. Fats (3 marks)
Question 4:
(a) Explain what happens when an enzyme is denatured. (3 marks)
(b) How does temperature and pH affect enzyme activity? (4 marks)
(c) Explain the function of the following enzymes:
i. Amylase
ii. Pepsin
iii. Lipase (3 marks)
Essay Questions
Question 5:
(a) Describe the process of digestion in humans, explaining the role of the mouth, stomach,
and small intestine. (10 marks)
