HOTEL BOOKING WEBSITE

A Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirements for the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)
By
Arman Khan
Seat Number 32226
Under the esteemed guidance of
Miss Pooja Yadav

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

BHAVNA TRUST’S JUNIOR & DEGREE COLLEGE OF COMMERCE
& SCIENCE

(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

MUMBAI, 400088

MAHARASHTRA
2024-2025

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 BHAVNA TRUST’S JUNIOR & DEGREE COLLEGE OF

COMMERCE & SCIENCE

MUMBAI MAHARASHTRA-400088

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled, "Hotel Booking Website ", is bonafied work of
ARMAN KHAN bearing Seat.No: 32226 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
from University of Mumbai.

Internal Guide Coordinator

External Examiner

Date: College Seal

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 PROFORMA FOR THE APPROVAL PROJECT PROPOSAL

PNR No.: …………………… Roll no:

1. Name of the Student

2. Title of the Project

3. Name of the Guide

4. Teaching experience of the Guide

5. Is this your first submission? Yes No

Signature of the Student Signature of the Guide

Date: ………………… Date:

Signature of the Coordinator …………………….
Date: …………………

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 AKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to thank the Principal of Bhavna Turst Degree College Dr. Aruna J.
Singham and Head of the Department Prof. Roopa Kulkarni , for providing the required facilities in
completing this project. We are greatly thankful to our parents , friends and faculty members of their
Motivation, guidance and help whenever needed.

We also have immense pleasure in expressing our sincerest and deepest sense of gratitude towards
our guide Mrs. Pooja Yadav for the assistance . valuable guidance and co-operation in carrying out
this Project successfully. We have developed this project with the help of Faculty members and are
extremely grateful to all of them.

Team Members:
Arman Khan

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 ABSTRACT

This Application has been chosen to increase the necessity of online market
services. The application is decided to be set on the android platform because the reach
of this platform will help to improve the business. The cake application will be
developed on the motto of increasing sales for the company and providing customer
satisfaction. It involves certain procedures to provide the sales and services.

This application gathers all the flaws covered by applications based on these
genres and it will try to cope up with as much flaws and resolve the issues in such a
way that the application becomes perfect or up to the mark. It is based on a basic
process that the customer will place an order as needed and the placed order will be in
the form of delivery. The prime focus of this application will be to gain the customers
and their reviews.

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled, “Hotel Hub” done at place where the project is done, has
not been in any case duplicated to submit to any other university for the award of any degree. To the
best of my knowledge other than me, no one has submitted to any other university. The project is
done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
(INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) to be submitted as sixth semester project as part of our
curriculum.

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SR No
TITLE
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Objectives

1.3 Purpose, Scope and Applicability

13.1 Purpose

1.3.2 Scope

1.3.3 Applicability

1.3.4 Achievements

2. SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIEs

3. REQUIREMENTS AND
ANALYSIS
3.1 Problem definition

3.2 Requirements Specifications

3.3 Planning and Scheduling

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3.4 Software and Hardware Requirements

3.5 Preliminary Product Description

3.6 Conceptual Models

4. SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Data Flow Diagram 0

4.2 Data Flow Diagram 1

4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram

4.4 Class Diagram

4.5 Activity Diagram

4.6 Use Case Diagram

4.7 Sequence Diagram

4.8 State Transition Diagram

4.9 Collaboration Diagram

4.10 Deployment Diagram

4.11 Object diagram

4.12 Test Cases

5. IMPLEMENTATION AND
TESTING
5.1 Implementation Approaches

5.2 Coding Details and Code Efficiency

5.2.1 Code Efficiency

5.3 Testing Approach

5.3.1 Unit Testing

5.3.2 Integrated Testing

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5.3.3 Beta Testing

5.4 Modifications and Improvements

5.5 Test Cases

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Test Reports

6.2 User Documentation

7. CONCLUSIONS
7.1 Conclusions

7.1.1 Significance of the system

7.2 Limitations of the System

7.3 Future Scope of the Project

8. References
8.1 Reference

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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 Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
In the rapidly evolving hospitality industry, technology plays a vital role in improving customer
satisfaction and streamlining hotel operations. The growing demand for efficient room bookings, real-
time availability status, secure payment systems, and centralized data management has created a need
for digital solutions tailored to the hotel sector. This project, titled Hotel Hub, is a web-based hotel
management system developed using PHP and MySQL. It is designed to address the core functional
requirements of hotel administration, with particular emphasis on ease of use, reliability, and
automation of manual tasks.
Hotel Hub provides a centralized platform for hotel staff to manage customer bookings, room details,
payment transactions, and reporting functionalities. It helps eliminate human error, improves service
delivery, and maintains organized records of operations in a secure and accessible manner. The
system empowers hotel administrators to quickly access information and update records from a user-
friendly dashboard, enhancing overall efficiency and decision-making. Furthermore, Hotel Hub
minimizes paper-based records, ensuring a more environmentally friendly and error-free management
process. With increasing competition in the hospitality domain, this tool helps businesses maintain
high operational standards and deliver consistent guest experiences.

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1.2 Objectives
 The main objective of the Hotel Hub project is to develop a comprehensive hotel management
system that automates daily operations and provides a structured approach to handling guest
services. It is aimed at streamlining processes such as room reservations, check-ins, check-
outs, and payment tracking.
 Specific objectives of the project include:
 To create a centralized digital platform for hotel staff to manage operations.
 To reduce manual booking errors and data redundancy.
 To ensure real-time status updates of room availability.
 To maintain secure login and access for authorized personnel.
 To simplify the payment process and provide printable receipts.
 To provide a scalable foundation for future enhancements and modules.

The application also focuses on improving service speed, accuracy of information, and record
security. This reduces the dependency on paperwork and traditional record books while
enhancing accessibility across various hotel departments. Through automation, the Hotel Hub
project significantly reduces staff workload, increases customer satisfaction, and helps hotel
businesses modernize their operations.

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 1.3 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability

1.3.1 Purpose

The The Hotel Hub website has been developed with the primary goal of digitizing and simplifying
the day-to-day operations of hotels. Traditional hotel management systems often rely on manual
processes, which are time-consuming, prone to human error, and inefficient in managing customer
data, room availability, and payments. Hotel Hub addresses these issues by offering a centralized,
user-friendly, and web-based platform for hotel staff to manage their operations with ease.
The main purposes of the Hotel Hub website are as follows:
1. Streamline Hotel Operations
Hotel Hub automates routine tasks such as room bookings, customer check-ins/check-outs,
and payment tracking. This reduces the dependency on paperwork and manual data entry,
resulting in faster and more accurate operations.
2. Real-Time Room Availability
The system provides up-to-date information about room availability, helping hotel staff
manage bookings efficiently and avoid double-booking issues.
3. Centralized Data Management
Hotel Hub maintains a structured database of customer records, room details, payment
histories, and bookings. This ensures that all data is stored securely and can be accessed
instantly when needed.
4. Improve Customer Service
By reducing administrative burdens, hotel staff can focus more on providing better service to
guests. The system helps ensure a smooth booking experience and quick check-in/check-out
processes.
5. Simplify Administration
The admin dashboard allows hotel managers to view summaries of bookings, monitor
payments, and generate reports or invoices — all from one interface. This increases
transparency and enhances managerial control.
6. Enhance Accuracy and Security
With user authentication and session management, Hotel Hub ensures that only authorized
users can access sensitive data. It also reduces the risk of miscommunication or data loss due
to human error.
7. Support Future Scalability
The modular design of the website allows for easy integration of additional features in the
future, such as online customer portals, payment gateways, notification systems, and analytics
dashboards.

The purpose of the Hotel Hub website is to provide an efficient, secure, and scalable solution for
managing hotel operations. It is tailored to meet the practical needs of small and mid-sized hotels by
offering a streamlined workflow, better data organization, and improved service delivery —
ultimately helping hotels run more smoothly and professionally.

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1.3.2 Scope

The scope of the Hotel Hub project is limited to the internal management of hotel operations,
primarily targeting small and mid-sized hotels. It includes modules for user authentication, room and
booking management, and payment recording. It does not currently offer a customer-facing portal or
third-party integrations, though such features can be added later.
Hotel Hub can be deployed locally on a hotel’s internal server or online for remote access. It is
compatible with all major browsers and works with standard hosting environments that support PHP
and MySQL. Its lightweight nature ensures it runs efficiently even on modest hardware
configurations.
Potential areas for future development include:
 Integration with online payment gateways.
 Implementation of SMS/email notifications.
 Multi-language support.
 Analytics and reporting dashboards for business insights.
 Online booking interface for customers.
By laying a solid foundation for these features, the current scope of Hotel Hub enables reliable and
streamlined hotel operations, while offering flexibility for future upgrades based on business needs.

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1.3.3 Applicability

The Hotel Hub system is a versatile web-based application designed to meet the operational needs of
small to mid-sized hotels, guest houses, and lodges. It offers a practical and cost-effective solution for
establishments that require a streamlined method to manage their day-to-day activities related to room
bookings, customer data, payments, and administration.
1. Small and Mid-Sized Hotels
Hotel Hub is ideally suited for independent hotels and small hotel chains that may not have access to
large-scale property management systems. It allows them to automate their workflow without the
need for high infrastructure costs or complex software systems.
2. Guest Houses and Lodges
Guest houses and small lodges often operate with limited staff and resources. Hotel Hub enables them
to efficiently manage check-ins/check-outs, track customer history, and monitor room availability, all
from a single interface.
3. Academic Use and Demonstrations
The system can be used by students and educators in academic institutions for learning purposes. It
demonstrates real-world applications of web technologies like PHP and MySQL in building dynamic,
database-driven systems.
4. Travel Agencies or Property Managers
For small travel agencies or managers who oversee multiple small properties, Hotel Hub provides a
centralized way to monitor booking records and payment history across locations.
5. Prototype for Custom Hotel Systems
As a lightweight and modular application, Hotel Hub can be customized and extended based on
unique business requirements. It can serve as a foundation for developing more advanced hotel
management systems with additional features such as multi-user access, customer-facing booking
portals, and integrated payment gateways.
6. Offline or Intranet-Based Hotel Management
Hotel Hub can be deployed on a local server or intranet setup, making it applicable even in remote
areas with limited internet connectivity. This ensures that internal operations can continue smoothly
without relying on external cloud services.

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1.4 Achievements
The development and successful implementation of the Hotel Hub website resulted in several key
achievements, both technically and academically. These accomplishments reflect the effectiveness of
the system in addressing real-world hotel management challenges, while also showcasing the skills
and knowledge gained throughout the project lifecycle.
1. Fully Functional Web-Based System
Hotel Hub was developed into a complete, fully functional hotel management system using PHP and
MySQL. The system allows administrators to manage rooms, bookings, customer records, and
payments from a centralized dashboard.
2. Automated Hotel Workflow
The project successfully automated the core operations of hotel management, reducing the need for
manual entries and paperwork. Features like booking history, payment recording, and invoice
generation contribute to a more efficient workflow.
3. Secure Admin Login Module
A secure authentication system was implemented to ensure that only authorized staff can access the
admin panel. This included the creation of a login system with credential verification and session
handling.
4. Real-Time Room Availability Display
The system dynamically updates room status based on check-ins and check-outs, providing real-time
availability to prevent double bookings and enable better room management.
5. Effective Use of Open Source Technologies
The project effectively utilized open-source tools (PHP, MySQL, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) to create a
cost-effective and scalable solution. This demonstrated practical knowledge of web development and
database integration.
6. Simple and Intuitive User Interface
One of the highlights of the project was the design of a clean and user-friendly interface, making it
easy for hotel staff to navigate and manage records without needing technical expertise.
7. Academic Recognition
The project met the academic standards required for final-year project submission and was
successfully reviewed under the guidance of Ms. Swati, earning positive feedback for its practicality
and completeness.
8. Team Collaboration and Project Management
The collaborative effort between team members Vaibhav Chauhan and Arman Khan contributed to
the timely completion of the project. Tasks were efficiently divided, documented, and executed with
coordination and dedication.
9. Database Design and Integration
The project includes a well-structured database that supports normalized data storage, reducing
redundancy and enhancing data retrieval performance.
10. Foundation for Future Enhancements

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The system was developed with scalability in mind. The modular structure allows for future
integration of features such as online customer booking, payment gateway integration, reporting
dashboards, and more.
1.5 Organisation of Report

 Chapter 1 introduces the project background, objectives, scope, and purpose.

 Chapter 2 presents a survey of technologies used in the development of Hotel Hub.
 Chapter 3 covers the requirements and analysis of the project including planning and
scheduling.
 Chapter 4 describes the system design including data models, flow diagrams, and UI design.
 Chapter 5 explains the implementation and testing approach used in the project.
 Chapter 6 discusses the results, test reports, and user documentation.
 Chapter 7 concludes the report with limitations and future scope.
 References, Glossary, and Appendices are provided at the end.

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 CHAPTER 2
SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY

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 CHAPTER 2
SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES

2.1 Web Development Technologies Overview

PHP and MySQL were chosen due to their ease of deployment, wide adoption in academic
environments, open-source nature, and strong compatibility with hosting services.

2.2 Selected Technologies

2.2.1 PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

PHP is PHP, short for "Hypertext Preprocessor," is an open-source, server-side scripting language
that is widely used for web development. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, PHP has
evolved into one of the most widely-used programming languages for building dynamic and
interactive websites. It integrates seamlessly with HTML and is particularly suited for database-
driven applications.

Key Features of PHP

 Open Source: Freely available and supported by a large community.
 Platform Independent: Runs on Windows, Linux, macOS, and Unix.
 Ease of Use: Simple syntax, especially for developers familiar with C, JavaScript, or Java.
 Database Integration: Native support for MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and more.
 Web Integration: Works well with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create full-featured
websites.
 Security: Includes features for input validation, encryption, and session control.
 Performance: Efficient in handling server-side tasks for web applications.

How PHP Works

PHP code is executed on the server, and the result is sent to the client’s browser as plain HTML.
When a user makes a request, the server processes PHP scripts to generate dynamic content. PHP can
access databases, perform calculations, and even handle files on the server.
Common Uses of PHP

 Content Management Systems (e.g., WordPress)

 E-commerce Platforms (e.g., Magento)
 Social Networking Sites

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  Data Entry and Management Systems
 APIs and Back-end Logic for Applications

PHP and MySQL

One of PHP’s greatest strengths is its integration with MySQL, a powerful and widely used relational
database management system. Developers can use PHP to connect to MySQL databases, perform
CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations, and manage user data efficiently.

Security in PHP

PHP provides various mechanisms to secure applications:

 Data sanitization to prevent SQL injection.
 Secure session handling.
 File upload validation.
 Encryption using built-in functions like password_hash() and openssl_encrypt().
Popular PHP Frameworks
Frameworks speed up development and enforce best practices. Common PHP frameworks include:
 Laravel: Elegant syntax, MVC architecture, and built-in security features.
 CodeIgniter: Lightweight and performance-focused.
 Symfony: Component-based, ideal for enterprise applications.
 Yii: Fast, secure, and feature-rich.

Advantages of Using PHP

 Cost-effective: No licensing fees.

 Community Support: Extensive documentation and community forums.
 Extensible: Supports integration with third-party APIs and libraries.
 Rapid Development: Ideal for quick development cycles.

Real-World Applications

Some of the world’s most popular platforms have been built with PHP:
 Facebook (initially)
 Wikipedia
 WordPress
 Slack’s backend APIs

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2.2.2 MySQL

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that is widely used in
web development. Developed by MySQL AB and now owned by Oracle Corporation, MySQL is
known for its reliability, speed, and ease of use. It is based on the Structured Query Language (SQL),
which is the standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.
MySQL is used to store and retrieve data for dynamic websites and web applications. It works
exceptionally well in combination with server-side scripting languages like PHP, making it a popular
choice for building data-driven applications like Hotel Hub.

Key Features of MySQL

 Open Source: Free to use under the GNU General Public License.
 Cross-Platform: Runs on various operating systems including Linux, Windows, and macOS.
 Performance: Fast query execution and high reliability under load.
 Scalability: Suitable for both small-scale projects and large enterprise applications.
 Security: Provides access control, user privileges, and data encryption.
 Support for Transactions: Ensures data integrity with features like commit, rollback, and
ACID compliance.
 Replication & Clustering: Allows for distributed databases and high availability.

MySQL Architecture

MySQL operates using a client-server model. The server handles data storage and query processing,
while clients send SQL queries to retrieve or modify data. The architecture includes:
 Connection Layer: Manages user connections and authentication.
 SQL Layer: Parses and executes SQL queries.
 Storage Engine Layer: Handles data storage, indexing, and retrieval. InnoDB is the default
engine that supports transactions and foreign keys.

MySQL and PHP Integration

MySQL integrates seamlessly with PHP using extensions such as:

 mysqli (MySQL Improved): Offers object-oriented and procedural APIs.

 PDO (PHP Data Objects): Provides a database abstraction layer that supports multiple
databases.

Common functions include:

$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "username", "password", "database");
$result = mysqli_query($conn, "SELECT * FROM users");

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This simplicity allows developers to quickly connect and interact with MySQL databases.
Database Design in MySQL

MySQL supports:

 Tables: Logical storage for structured data.

 Indexes: Improve query performance.
 Views: Virtual tables representing the result of SQL queries.
 Stored Procedures: Predefined SQL routines for automation.
 Triggers: Automatic actions executed in response to events.

Security in MySQL

 User Authentication: Grants permissions to specific users.

 Access Control: Restricts access to sensitive data.
 SSL Support: Secures data transmission.
 Data Backup & Recovery: Tools like mysqldump support secure backups.

Advantages of Using MySQL

 Free and open-source.

 Highly reliable and widely supported.
 Easily integrates with web technologies.
 Fast read/write operations.
 Strong community and documentation.

Real-World Applications of MySQL

MySQL is used by many major platforms, including:

 Facebook
 Twitter
 YouTube
 WordPress
 Booking.com

MySQL in Hotel Hub

In the Hotel Hub project, MySQL is used to:

 Store user login credentials (emp_login table)
 Manage room data and availability (rooms table)
 Track customer bookings (booking table)
 Record payments and generate invoices (payment table)

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Each interaction on the site—from logging in to checking room availability—involves database
queries that retrieve or update data. This ensures consistency, traceability, and a real-time view of
hotel operations.

2.2.3 HTML, CSS, JavaScript

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript form the core triad of front-end web development. They are
essential for building and presenting interactive and visually engaging web pages. In the
context of Hotel Hub, these technologies are used to create the user interface of the
application, particularly the admin dashboard and other visual components accessible through
the browser.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HTML is the standard markup language used to create the structure of web pages. It defines
elements like headings, paragraphs, tables, forms, and multimedia content. In Hotel Hub,
HTML is used to build the basic layout of pages such as login screens, booking forms,
dashboards, and data tables.
Key features of HTML:
 Semantic Tags: Improve accessibility and SEO (e.g., <header>, <footer>, <article>).
 Form Elements: Input fields, buttons, dropdowns, etc., for user interaction.
 Media Integration: Embed images, videos, and audio.
 Table Structures: Display organized data using <table>, <tr>, <td>.

Example:

<form action="login.php" method="POST">

<input type="text" name="email" placeholder="Email">
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password">
<button type="submit">Login</button>
</form>

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CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is used to style and layout HTML elements. It controls aspects like fonts, colors, spacing, and
responsiveness. CSS makes web pages visually appealing and improves user experience.

Key features:

 Selectors and Properties: Apply styles to HTML elements.

 Box Model: Controls layout through padding, borders, and margins.
 Flexbox and Grid: Create responsive and flexible layouts.
 Media Queries: Enable designs to adapt to different screen sizes.
Example:

button {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
padding: 10px 20px;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px;
}

JavaScript

JavaScript is a scripting language used to make web pages interactive. It can respond to user actions,
manipulate HTML/CSS in real-time, and communicate with the server asynchronously using AJAX.

Key uses of JavaScript:

 Form Validation: Ensures data correctness before submission.

 Dynamic Updates: Modify HTML/CSS on the fly.
 Event Handling: React to user actions like clicks or keystrokes.
 AJAX Requests: Load data from the server without refreshing the page.
Example:

document.querySelector("form").addEventListener("submit", function(e) {
let email = document.querySelector("input[name='email']").value;
if (!email.includes("@")) {
alert("Please enter a valid email.");
e.preventDefault();
}
});

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2.2.4 XAMPP (Apache Server)

XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server package developed by Apache
Friends, designed to simplify the process of setting up a local web server for testing and
development. It stands for:

 X – Cross-platform (works on Windows, Linux, macOS)

 A – Apache (HTTP web server)
 M – MySQL (now MariaDB, a relational database system)
 P – PHP (scripting language for web development)
 P – Perl (another scripting language, less commonly used today)
XAMPP is widely used by students, developers, and educators to create and test dynamic
websites locally, without requiring an internet connection or a live web server.

Why Use XAMPP?

XAMPP is popular because of its simplicity and efficiency. It combines all the necessary tools
needed for backend web development into a single package. Instead of installing each
component (Apache, MySQL, PHP) individually and configuring them, XAMPP bundles
them together in one easy installer with default settings, making it beginner-friendly.

Key Advantages:

 Free and open-source

 Quick setup for local development
 Comes with phpMyAdmin for managing MySQL databases via a browser
 Works across multiple platforms (Windows, Linux, macOS)
 Lightweight and portable
 Regularly updated by the Apache Friends community

Main Components of XAMPP

1. Apache Server
This is the heart of XAMPP. Apache is the most widely used web server software, which
processes HTTP requests and delivers web content to users. It helps your browser
communicate with the PHP files on your machine.
2. MySQL / MariaDB
MySQL (or its fork, MariaDB) is the database system used to store and retrieve data. It is
essential for applications like Hotel Hub that rely on structured data storage.

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3. PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language used to write backend logic for websites. XAMPP
allows PHP files to be executed locally.
4. phpMyAdmin
A web-based interface for managing MySQL databases. It makes it easy to create tables, write
SQL queries, import/export data, and monitor database activity.
5. Perl
Though not widely used today in web development, Perl is included in XAMPP for
developers who work with this language.
6. FileZilla FTP Server
An optional component used to transfer files to and from remote servers using the FTP
protocol.
7. Tomcat
Used for running Java-based applications, especially Java Servlets and JSPs (JavaServer
Pages).

How to Use XAMPP

To run a web application like Hotel Hub on XAMPP, follow these steps:
1. Download XAMPP from apachefriends.org.
2. Install it by following the setup instructions.
3. Launch the XAMPP Control Panel, and start the Apache and MySQL services.
4. Place your project folder (e.g., Hotel Hub) in the htdocs directory inside the XAMPP
installation folder.
5. Open a browser and type: http://localhost/Hotel Hub to access your web application.
6. Use phpMyAdmin (via http://localhost/phpmyadmin) to import your database (e.g., Hotel
Hub.sql).

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2.2.5 phpMyAdmin

phpMyAdmin is a free, open-source, web-based application written in PHP that allows users to
manage MySQL or MariaDB databases through a graphical user interface (GUI). It is one of the most
popular tools used by developers and administrators to perform database operations without writing
raw SQL commands in a terminal or console.
Bundled with platforms like XAMPP, WAMP, and LAMP, phpMyAdmin simplifies the task of
managing complex databases by providing an intuitive interface accessible via a web browser.

Key Features of phpMyAdmin

1. Graphical Interface
phpMyAdmin provides a clean and user-friendly web interface that allows users to view and
manage databases, tables, fields, and relationships.
2. Database Management
You can create, rename, drop, and export databases with just a few clicks. Each database's
structure and content can be easily manipulated.
3. Table and Field Management
It allows you to add, modify, or delete tables, columns, indexes, and foreign keys.
4. SQL Query Execution
Users can write custom SQL queries directly and execute them from the built-in SQL console.
5. Data Import/Export
phpMyAdmin supports importing and exporting data in various formats such as SQL, CSV,
PDF, XML, JSON, and Excel.
6. User and Privilege Management
Administrators can manage MySQL user accounts, assign roles, and control privileges over
specific databases or tables.
7. Search and Filter Tools
Powerful search features allow users to filter and search for specific records within a table
quickly.
8. Multilingual Support
phpMyAdmin supports over 70 languages, making it accessible worldwide.

Benefits of Using phpMyAdmin

 Ease of Use: Its GUI makes database management less intimidating, especially for beginners.
 Time Efficiency: Tasks like creating tables, writing queries, and modifying records take
significantly less time.
 Learning Tool: Great for students and developers learning SQL or database design.

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  Remote Access: As a web-based tool, phpMyAdmin can be accessed remotely (with proper
configuration and security).
 Integrated with Development Stacks: Comes pre-installed with XAMPP, WAMP, LAMP, and
MAMP.

Using phpMyAdmin with XAMPP

When using XAMPP, phpMyAdmin is included by default. Here's how to access and use it:
1. Start Apache and MySQL services from the XAMPP control panel.
2. Open your web browser and go to:
http://localhost/phpmyadmin
3. From the interface, you can:
o Create new databases for your project (e.g., Hotel Hub)
o Import SQL files (Hotel Hub.sql)
o View and edit data in tables
o Run custom queries to manipulate or retrieve data

phpMyAdmin in the Hotel Hub Project

In the Hotel Hub system:

 The MySQL database stores information such as bookings, employees, rooms, and payments.
 Developers and project users use phpMyAdmin to import the initial database schema (Hotel
Hub.sql), view records, and update entries during development or demonstration.
 It allows easy inspection of how data flows through the application and how tables are linked.

Security Considerations

While phpMyAdmin is powerful, it must be used securely, especially on live servers. Security
recommendations include:
 Changing the default login credentials.
 Restricting access via .htaccess or IP whitelisting.
 Disabling root access from remote locations.
 Keeping the tool updated to avoid vulnerabilities.

2
2.3 Comparative Analysis of Technologies

Technology Pros Cons

Open-source, easy to learn, strong community Less structured than frameworks like
PHP + MySQL
support Django
Strong Microsoft ecosystem, powerful IDE
ASP.NET Requires Windows hosting
(Visual Studio)
Django
Clean architecture, security-focused Steeper learning curve
(Python)
Java + JSP Platform-independent, powerful Verbose syntax, complex setup

2
 CHAPTER 3
REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

3
 CHAPTER 3
REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

3.1 Problem Definition

Traditional hotel booking systems rely heavily on manual processes, such as phone calls or
physical visitations, which often lead to overbooking, human errors, lack of availability
transparency, and inefficiencies in hotel operations.

Sub-Problems Identified:

 No real-time access to room availability.

 Lack of an online platform for booking and management.
 Inability to manage customer data efficiently.
 No centralized admin panel for hotel staff.
 Absence of basic reports and statistics.
Hotel Hub addresses these issues by providing a centralized, web-based platform for both
users and administrators to handle bookings efficiently and effectively.

3
 3.2 Requirements Specification

Functional Requirements

 User registration and login.

 Room search and availability check.
 Booking and cancellation functionalities.
 Admin login for hotel staff.
 Room management (add/update/delete rooms).
 Customer data management.
 Viewing and generating booking reports.

Non-Functional Requirements

 Secure login and session management.

 Responsive and intuitive UI.
 Real-time database updates.
 Compatibility with modern browsers.
 Minimal system resource usage.

3
3.3 Planning and Scheduling

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):

GRANT CHART

3
 3.4 Software and Hardware Requirements

Hardware Requirements

 Processor: Intel i3 or higher

 RAM: Minimum 4 GB
 HDD: 100 GB minimum
 Internet connection: Required for web-based deployment

Software Requirements

 Operating System: Windows 10 / Ubuntu / MacOS

 Web Server: Apache (via XAMPP)
 Backend: PHP 7.4+
 Database: MySQL 5.7+
 Code Editor: VS Code / Sublime Text
 Browser: Chrome / Firefox
 Tools: phpMyAdmin, Draw.io (for DFDs), StarUML (for design diagrams)

3.5 Preliminary Product Description

Hotel Hub is an end-to-end online hotel booking and management system that supports both
customers and hotel staff. Customers can register, log in, check room availability, and make
bookings. Admins can manage room inventory, view bookings, and generate reports. It
includes user authentication, database connectivity, and secure session handling.

3.6 Conceptual Models

Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Entities:
 Users: (User_ID, Name, Email, Password)
 Rooms: (Room_ID, Type, Price, Status)
 Bookings: (Booking_ID, User_ID, Room_ID, CheckIn, CheckOut, Status)
 Admins: (Admin_ID, Username, Password)
Relationships:
 Users can have multiple bookings.

3
  Each booking is associated with one room.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
Level 0: High-level system showing data flowing between User, Admin, and Hotel Hub
System.
Level 1: Detailed view showing processes like Room Search, Booking, Room Management,
etc.

DFD 0 LEVEL DIAGRAM

DFD 1 LEVEL DIAGRAM

3
ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

3
3
 CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM AND DESIGN

CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM AND DESIGN

3
4.1 Basic Modules
The Hotel Hub system is divided into the following modules:

1. User Module
o Register/Login
o View Rooms
o Book Room
o View/Cancel Booking
2. Admin Module
o Login
o Add/Edit/Delete Rooms
o View All Bookings
o Generate Reports
3. Room Management Module
o Manage room types, availability, pricing, and descriptions.
4. Booking Module
o Handles room selection, date checking, booking confirmation, and status management.

4.2 Data Design

4.2.1 Schema Design

Users Table

Sql

UserID (PK), Name, Email, Password

Rooms Table

Sql

RoomID (PK), Type, Price, Description, Status

Bookings Table

3
Sql

BookingID (PK), UserID (FK), RoomID (FK), CheckIn, CheckOut, Status

Admin Table

Sql

AdminID (PK), Username, Password

4.2.2 Data Integrity and Constraints

 Primary and Foreign Key Constraints ensure data consistency.

 NOT NULL used on essential fields like Email, Password.
 CHECK constraints to ensure room prices are positive.
 UNIQUE constraint on Email and Username.

4.3 Procedural Design

4.3.1 Logic Diagrams

4
4.3.2 Data Structures

4
  Arrays and associative arrays in PHP for handling user sessions and form data.
 SQL tables for persistent data storage.

4.3.3 Algorithm Design

Booking Algorithm:

 Input: Room type, check-in date, check-out date

 Process:
o Query room availability.
o If available, insert booking into the database.
o Update room status.
 Output: Booking confirmation.

Login Validation:

 Match email and password.

 Redirect based on user type (admin/user).
 Set session variables.

4.4 User Interface Design

The user interface is developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Key components:
 Login Page (User/Admin)
 Dashboard
o Users: View rooms, booking history
o Admins: Room management, reports
 Booking Form
 Confirmation Screen

4.5 Security Issues

4
  Password Hashing using password_hash() and password_verify().
 Session Management to maintain secure login sessions.
 Input Validation to prevent SQL injection and XSS attacks.
 Admin Privilege Separation from regular users.

4.6 Test Case Design

Test Case ID Module Input Expected Output Result

TC001 Login Valid credentials Redirect to dashboard Pass/Fail
TC002 Booking Room & Dates Booking Confirmation Pass/Fail
TC003 Admin - Add Room details Room added successfully Pass/Fail
TC004 Cancel Booking Booking ID Booking cancelled Pass/Fail

4
 CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

4
5.1 Implementation Approaches

The implementation followed the modular and incremental approach. Each feature or module was
developed and tested individually before integration. Front-end and back-end components were
developed simultaneously, and database connectivity was ensured through step-by-step PHP
scripting.
 Local development using XAMPP.
 Version control through periodic backups.
 Manual unit testing after each module implementation.

5.2 Coding Details and Code Efficiency

The system was developed using PHP for the back end, HTML/CSS/JavaScript for the front end, and
MySQL for database operations. Key features were developed using simple, clean, and reusable
functions.

5.2.1 Coding Details

 Room.php

<?php
session_start();
include '../config.php';
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hotel Hub - Admin</title>
<!-- fontowesome -->

4
 <link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.2.0/css/all.min.css"
integrity="sha512-xh6O/CkQoPOWDdYTDqeRdPCVd1SpvCA9XXcUnZS2FmJNp1
coAFzvtCN9BmamE+4aHK8yyUHUSCcJHgXloTyT2A=="
crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
<!-- boot -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet"
integrity="sha384-EVSTQN3/azprG1Anm3QDgpJLIm9Nao0Yz1ztcQTwFspd3yD65
VohhpuuCOmLASjC" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.2/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"
integrity="sha384-
MrcW6ZMFYlzcLA8Nl+NtUVF0sA7MsXsP1UyJoMp4YLEuNSfAP+JcXn/
tWtIaxVXM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/room.css">
</head>

<body>
<div class="addroomsection">
<form action="" method="POST">
<label for="troom">Type of Room :</label>
<select name="troom" class="form-control">
<option value selected></option>
<option value="Superior Room">SUPERIOR ROOM</option>
<option value="Deluxe Room">DELUXE ROOM</option>
<option value="Guest House">GUEST HOUSE</option>
<option value="Single Room">SINGLE ROOM</option>
</select>

<label for="bed">Type of Bed :</label>

<select name="bed" class="form-control">
<option value selected></option>
<option value="Single">Single</option>
<option value="Double">Double</option>
<option value="Triple">Triple</option>
<option value="Quad">Quad</option>
<option value="Triple">None</option>

4
 </select>

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success" name="addroom">Add

Room</button>
</form>

<?php
if (isset($_POST['addroom'])) {
$typeofroom = $_POST['troom'];
$typeofbed = $_POST['bed'];

$sql = "INSERT INTO room(type,bedding) VALUES ('$typeofroom',

'$typeofbed')";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

if ($result) {
header("Location: room.php");
}
}
?>
</div>

<div class="room">
<?php
$sql = "select * from room";
$re = mysqli_query($conn, $sql)
?>
<?php
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($re)) {
$id = $row['type'];
if ($id == "Superior Room") {
echo "<div class='roombox roomboxsuperior'>
<div class='text-center no-boder'>
<i class='fa-solid fa-bed fa-4x mb-2'></i>
<h3>" . $row['type'] . "</h3>
<div class='mb-1'>" . $row['bedding'] . "</div>
<a href='roomdelete.php?id=". $row['id'] ."'><button class='btn btn-
danger'>Delete</button></a>

4
 </div>
</div>";
} else if ($id == "Deluxe Room") {
echo "<div class='roombox roomboxdelux'>
<div class='text-center no-boder'>
<i class='fa-solid fa-bed fa-4x mb-2'></i>
<h3>" . $row['type'] . "</h3>
<div class='mb-1'>" . $row['bedding'] . "</div>
<a href='roomdelete.php?id=". $row['id'] ."'><button class='btn btn-
danger'>Delete</button></a>
</div>
</div>";
} else if ($id == "Guest House") {
echo "<div class='roombox roomboguest'>
<div class='text-center no-boder'>
<i class='fa-solid fa-bed fa-4x mb-2'></i>
<h3>" . $row['type'] . "</h3>
<div class='mb-1'>" . $row['bedding'] . "</div>
<a href='roomdelete.php?id=". $row['id'] ."'><button class='btn btn-
danger'>Delete</button></a>
</div>
</div>";
} else if ($id == "Single Room") {
echo "<div class='roombox roomboxsingle'>
<div class='text-center no-boder'>
<i class='fa-solid fa-bed fa-4x mb-2'></i>
<h3>" . $row['type'] . "</h3>
<div class='mb-1'>" . $row['bedding'] . "</div>
<a href='roomdelete.php?id=". $row['id'] ."'><button class='btn btn-
danger'>Delete</button></a>
</div>
</div>";
}
}
?>
</div>

</body>

4
</html>

 Admin.php

<?php

include '../config.php';
session_start();

// page redirect
$usermail="";
$usermail=$_SESSION['usermail'];
if($usermail == true){

}else{
header("location: http://localhost/hotelmanage_system/index.php");
}

?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/admin.css">
<!-- loading bar -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/pace-js@latest/pace.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/flash.css">
<!-- fontowesome -->
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.2.0/css/all.min.css"
integrity="sha512-xh6O/CkQoPOWDdYTDqeRdPCVd1SpvCA9XXcUnZS2FmJNp1

4
coAFzvtCN9BmamE+4aHK8yyUHUSCcJHgXloTyT2A=="
crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/>
<title>Hotel Hub - Admin</title>
</head>

<body>
<!-- mobile view -->
<div id="mobileview">
<h5>Admin panel doesn't show in mobile view</h4>
</div>

<!-- nav bar -->

<nav class="uppernav">
<div class="logo">
<img class="bluebirdlogo" src="../image/bluebirdlogo.png" alt="logo">
<p>HOTEL HUB</p>
</div>
<div class="logout">
<a href="../logout.php"><button class="btn btn-primary">Logout</button></a>
</div>
</nav>
<nav class="sidenav">
<ul>
<li class="pagebtn active"><img
src="../image/icon/dashboard.png">&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp Dashboard</li>
<li class="pagebtn"><img src="../image/icon/bed.png">&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
Room Booking</li>
<li class="pagebtn"><img src="../image/icon/wallet.png">&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
Payment</li>
<li class="pagebtn"><img
src="../image/icon/bedroom.png">&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp Rooms</li>
<li class="pagebtn"><img src="../image/icon/staff.png">&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
Staff</li>
</ul>
</nav>

<!-- main section -->

<div class="mainscreen">

5
 <iframe class="frames frame1 active" src="./dashboard.php"
frameborder="0"></iframe>
<iframe class="frames frame2" src="./roombook.php"
frameborder="0"></iframe>
<iframe class="frames frame3" src="./payment.php" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<iframe class="frames frame4" src="./room.php" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<iframe class="frames frame4" src="./staff.php" frameborder="0"></iframe>
</div>
</body>

<script src="./javascript/script.js"></script>

</html>

5.2.2 Code Efficiency

 Use of prepared statements to prevent SQL injection.

 Reusable PHP functions for database operations (e.g., login checks, room status updates).
 Session-based user tracking to reduce redundant queries.
 Minimal use of nested loops to maintain optimal runtime.

Example: Booking Confirmation PHP Snippet

php

if (isset($_POST['book'])) {
$room_id = $_POST['room_id'];
$user_id = $_SESSION['user_id'];
$checkin = $_POST['checkin'];
$checkout = $_POST['checkout'];

$sql = "INSERT INTO bookings (user_id, room_id, checkin, checkout, status)

5
 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, 'Booked')";
$stmt = $conn->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bind_param("iiss", $user_id, $room_id, $checkin, $checkout);
$stmt->execute();
}

5.3 Testing Approach

The system underwent various testing phases to ensure accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. Testing
was done manually and in real-time in the local server environment (XAMPP).
5.3.1 Unit Testing
Each PHP file (e.g., login.php, booking.php, add_room.php) was tested separately.
Examples:
 Test login with valid/invalid credentials.
 Test booking with unavailable dates.

5.3.2 Integrated Testing

Modules like Booking, Room Management, and User Login were combined and tested together to
ensure data flow and interactions were smooth.
Test Focus Areas:
 Cross-module data integrity (user-booking-room)
 Session persistence after login
 Admin and user panel segregation

5.3.3 Beta Testing

🧪 What Is Beta Testing?

Beta testing is the phase after internal testing (alpha), where you release the app to a limited number
of real users to:
 Catch bugs in real-world usage
 Gather user feedback
 Test usability and performance
 Validate the app in a production-like environmen
✅ Steps for Beta Testing Hotel Hub

1. Prepare the Environment

 Set up the app on a staging server (replicating your production environment).

5
  Use a domain or subdomain (like beta.Hotel Hub.com) with SSL if possible.
 Import the included database (Hotel Hub.sql) into a MySQL server.

2. Define Testing Goals

Some goals might include:
 Can users register, book rooms, and log out?
 Do admin functions work (room management, invoices)?
 How intuitive is the interface?

3. Select Beta Testers

Choose a mix of:
 Non-technical users (for usability feedback)
 Tech-savvy testers (to find bugs)
 Internal stakeholders

5. Provide Documentation

 Share login credentials (for admin, test user accounts)

 Include a short guide or video walkthrough
 Ask users to note down bugs, confusing UI, or performance issues

6. Collect Feedback

 Use Google Forms, a built-in feedback form, or email

 Ask things like:
o What didn’t work?
o What confused you?
o Any bugs or crashes?

6. Track Issues

Use tools like:

 Trello / Jira / GitHub Issues for internal bug tracking

 Excel if you’re keeping it simple

🛠 Recommendations
Based on the code structure:
 Consider adding logging to catch backend errors.
 If there are no automated tests, manual testing is essential here.
 Include a version number or change log so testers know if something was fixed.

5
5.4 Modifications and Improvements

After initial testing and feedback:

 Added a cancel booking feature for users.

 Implemented success/error messages across pages.
 Improved UI styling using CSS to make the layout more intuitive.
 Secured all forms against SQL injection and empty input submissions.

5.5 Test Cases

Test Case
Description Input Expected Output Result
ID
Valid email &
TC101 User Login Redirect to dashboard Pass
password
TC102 User Login Invalid credentials Display error message Pass
TC103 Room Booking Valid details Booking confirmation Pass
Correct admin Access to admin
TC104 Admin Login Pass
credentials dashboard
Room Add Room type, price,
TC105 Room added to database Pass
(Admin) status
Status updated to
TC106 Booking Cancel Booking ID Pass
"Cancelled"

5
 CHAPTER 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5
6.1 Test Reports

The following test results were obtained after executing test cases under various conditions.

Login System

 ✅ User Login: Successfully redirects to the user dashboard when valid credentials are
entered.
 ✅ Admin Login: Authenticates only with correct admin credentials and provides access to
the admin panel.
 ❌ Incorrect credentials: Displays a clear error message without page reloads.

Room Booking

 ✅ Users can select room type and booking dates.

 ✅ Bookings are confirmed and stored in the database.
 ✅ Room availability is automatically updated to avoid double-booking.

Admin Module

 ✅ Admin can add, edit, or remove rooms.

 ✅ Admin dashboard displays a full list of all bookings.
 ✅ Admin can generate basic reports based on date and status.

Booking Management

 ✅ Users can cancel bookings.

 ✅ Cancelled bookings update room availability.

These results prove that the system functions correctly under expected conditions. All functionalities
meet the initially defined objectives.

Sample Output Screen

Room Booking:

5
 Login Page

 Sign up Page

5
 Home page

5
 Rooms

5
 Facilities

6
 Booking Form

6
 Booking confirmation

6
Admin Login and Management

6
 Admin login

6
 Admin Dashboard

 Room booking details

6
6.2 User Documentation

6
Login/Register

 Users must register with a valid email and password.

 Registered users can log in from the homepage.

Booking a Room

 After logging in, users can select the check-in and check-out dates.
 The system shows available rooms based on the entered dates.
 Users can confirm the booking, which gets stored in the database.

Admin Access

 Admin logs in using the dedicated admin login form.

 Admin dashboard includes modules to:
o Add/Edit/Delete Rooms
o View all customer bookings
o Export booking reports

Booking Cancellation

 Logged-in users can view and cancel their bookings from the dashboard.

Security Notes

 Passwords are securely stored using PHP hashing.

 Sessions are validated on each page load to prevent unauthorized access.

The system has been thoroughly tested for usability, reliability, and performance on local
environments. Results indicate a high level of system stability and usability.

6
 CHPTER 7
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

6
 CHPTER 7
Conclusion and Future Work

7.1 Conclusion

The Hotel Hub project successfully fulfills the intended goal of providing a fully functional and user-
friendly hotel booking and management system. The system automates the key operations of hotel
room reservations, reduces human error, and provides real-time updates for both customers and
administrators. Through this project, we demonstrated our understanding of web development using
PHP and MySQL, along with software engineering principles such as modular design, testing, and
system documentation.
The project has been an excellent learning experience, combining technical skills with problem-
solving abilities and teamwork. It has also provided us with practical exposure to building real-world
applications using open-source technologies.

7.1.1 Significance of the System

Hotel Hub offers significant benefits to both users and hotel staff:
 Customers can book rooms from anywhere at any time, increasing convenience.
 Hotels can manage bookings, availability, and customer records more efficiently.
 Admins can generate booking reports and handle real-time data, improving decision-making.
 Reduces paperwork and manual record-keeping.
The system’s intuitive interface, coupled with secure back-end logic, makes it suitable for small to
mid-sized hotels looking for digital transformation.

7.2 Limitations of the System

Despite its successful implementation, the current system has a few limitations:
 No integrated payment gateway (e.g., Razorpay or Stripe).
 No SMS or email notifications for booking confirmations.
 The system currently supports a single hotel setup only.
 Limited to a local or LAN server deployment unless hosted online.
 Mobile responsiveness is basic and could be further improved for smaller screens.

6
7.3 Future Scope of the Project

The following enhancements can be incorporated to improve the system in future iterations:
 Multi-hotel support: Enabling different hotels to register and manage their listings.
 Online payment integration: Allowing users to pay directly through debit/credit cards or UPI.
 Mobile app version: To reach a wider user base on Android and iOS.
 Email/SMS notifications: For alerts, confirmations, and reminders.
 Advanced filtering: Room selection based on more criteria like amenities, ratings, etc.
 Admin analytics dashboard: To view customer trends, peak booking times, and revenue stats.

7
 CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES

7
 CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES

8.1 Reference

1. https://www.google.com
2. https://www.w3schools.com
3. https://www.wikipedia.com/
4. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
5. https://github.com/PankajBaliyan/Hotel-Hub