Prime Buildworks CE3C
FORMWORKS AND
SCAFFOLDING
DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEYING
Prime Buildworks CE3C
DESCRIPTION
Prime Buildworks CE3C
I. FORMWORKS
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I. FORMWORKS Temporary or permanent molds
used to shape and support concrete
structures during their curing
process.
Primarily used in construction to
create elements like beams, slabs,
columns, and walls.
Provides structural support until the
FORMWORKS
concrete gains strength, ensuring
stability, safety, and precision.
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I. FORMWORKS
The selection of formwork is
based on:
Material costs
Construction and assembly
expenses
Reusability
Strength and resistance to
pressure, wear, and tear.
FORMWORKS
TYPES OF
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I. FORMWORKS
FORMWORK
SYSTEM
CONTINUOUS RIB TYPE STUD TYPE
-commonly used for floors or slab -ideal for vertical structures like
structures. walls and columns.
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II. SCAFFOLDING
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II. SCAFFOLDING
Temporary structure used in
construction and maintenance to
support workers, tools, and
materials at elevated heights.
Provides stable platforms for tasks
like bricklaying, painting, and
installation.
SCAFFOLDING
TYPES OF
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II. SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SUSPENDED SUPPORTED
SCAFFOLDING SCAFFOLDING
Platforms are suspended from above Platforms are supported by standards
using ropes or wires. It is ideal for tall anchored to the ground. They are
buildings but has weight limits and sturdy and suitable for uneven or
can be unsafe in high winds. limited spaces but may have base
footprint issues.
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MATERIALS
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I. SHEATING MATERIAL
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5 to 10 reuses are common with standard form grades of
plywood sheathing.
1. PLYWOOD Types of Plywood
1. Interior Type: bonded with water resistant glue.
2. Exterior Type: bonded with waterproof glue. used
for its durability and water resistance.
I. Sheating Material
Film-Faced Plywood
Prime Buildworks (Phenolic Plywood)
coated with a durable plastic
film, good concrete finish,
formwork for concrete slabs,
walls, and columns
COMMONLY Marine Plywood
waterproof adhesive, for
high-moisture environments.
USED
PLYWOODS Commercial Plywood (General
IN PH
Construction Plywood)
non-structural applications or short-
term uses. Suitable for formwork
Structural Plywood
structural uses, formwork in
larger, heavy-duty projects.
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I. Sheating Material
2. STEEL While metal formwork has a higher initial
cost than timber, it offers better
reusability.
Plain galvanized iron and black metal
sheets are commonly used for formwork
in circular, oval, elliptical, and similar
shapes
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II. FORMWORK ACCESSORIES
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II. Formwork Accessories
STUDS
vertical supporting
members to which
sheathing is attached. MUDSILLS provide a stable base
WALES
long horizontal members FORM TIES
(usually double) used to used to secure the forms against the lateral
support the studs. pressure of freshly poured concrete.
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II. Formwork Accessories
TYPES OF
FORM TIES
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FORM
II. Formwork Accessories
ANCHORS
Typically embedded or drilled into the
precast concrete to provide a secure
connection between the formwork and
the precast structure.
SPACERS FORM
maintain the specified distance
between the reinforcing bars
and the form's inside surface.
HANGERS
used to suspend formwork
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BRACING
II. Formwork Accessories
In formwork, diagonal bracing is a
supplementary member designed to
resist lateral load.
FORM SHORES
LINERS
create decorative textures
Carry the weight of the formwork,
concrete, and construction loads
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II. Formwork Accessories
TEXTURES
FROM FORM
LINERS
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III. GREASING AND
FORMWORK RELEASE
AGENTS
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III. GREASING AND FORMWORK RELEASE AGENTS
FORM-RELEASE
AGENTS
prevent moisture absorption, ensure form
separation, and protect concrete surfaces.
Barrier-type agents: Create a physical barrier
between form and concrete, often made from diesel,
heating, or motor oils.
Chemically reactive agents: Contain fatty acids that
react with lime in concrete, forming a soap that
increases formwork durability and water resistance.
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III. GREASING AND FORMWORK RELEASE AGENTS
GREASING
Forms are greased before use to prevent water
absorption, which can cause swelling and
warping, and to avoid concrete adherence to
wood pores.
Crude oil mixed with motor oil (1:3) is
commonly used for greasing, with thicker
mixtures recommended for warmer weather.
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IV. MATERIALS USED IN
SCAFFOLDING
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IV. MATERIALS USED IN
SCAFFOLDING
ALUMINUM
SCAFFOLDING
STEEL
SCAFFOLDING
WOOD
SCAFFOLDING
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IV. MATERIALS USED IN
SCAFFOLDING
GENERAL
MATERIALS
USED IN
SCAFFOLDING
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TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
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I. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
USED IN FORMWORKS
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Ia. CUTTING AND SHAPING
ELECTRIC SAW GRINDER
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Ib. FASTENING AND JOINING
HAMMERS NAILS AND SCREWS RIVETS
CLAMPS BOLTS AND NUTS
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Ic. ALIGNMENT AND MEASUREMENT
PLUMB BOB LEVELS L SQUARE
MEASURING TAPE CHALK LINE
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Id. CONCRETE POURING
CONCRETE VIBRATORS CONCRETE PUMPS
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Ie. DISASSEMBLY AND REMOVAL
CROWBAR HAMMER
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If. OTHER ESSENTIAL TOOLS
SAFETY GLASSES
AND GLOVES
PLIERS
ELECTRIC DRILL WORK BOOTS
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II. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
USED IN SCAFFOLDING
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IIa. ASSEMBLY AND ADJUSTMENT
SCAFFOLDING WRENCHES CLAW HAMMERS
PODGERS PLIERS
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IIb. MEASUREMENT AND ALIGNMENT
TAPE MEASURE LEVELS
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IIc. SAFETY EQUIPMENT
SAFETY HARNESS GUARDRAILS AND
AND LANYARD TOE BOARDS
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IId. ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
SCAFFOLDING TAGS MATERIAL
HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
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HOW TO ESTIMATE
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BOARD A board foot is a unit of measurement used to quantify
FOOT
the volume of lumber or wood. It represents the volume
of a piece of wood that is 1 foot long, 1 foot wide, and 1
inch thick.
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A. FORMS FOR SQUARE AND
RECTANGULAR STRUCTURES
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1. A storage warehouse consists of eight concrete posts with
dimensions of 0.20 m x 0.20 m x 3.00 m specify the use of
(¼” x 4’ x8’) phenolic wood on 2” x2” x 20’ wood frame. If
you are to create a continuous rib-type formwork for this
warehouse, how much will you need for the following
materials?
NUMBER OF PLYWOODS
Step 1
0.20 = constant value for the lapping of form joints
Step 2
Step 3
1 m = 3.3 ft
Step 4
Round up
Prime Buildworks CE3C
1. A storage warehouse consists of eight concrete posts with
dimensions of 0.20 m x 0.20 m x 3.00 m specify the use of
(¼” x 4’ x8’) phenolic wood on 2” x2” x 20’ wood frame. If
you are to create a continuous rib-type formwork for this
warehouse, how much will you need for the following
materials?
NUMBER OF PLYWOODS
Prime Buildworks CE3C
1. A storage warehouse consists of eight concrete posts with
dimensions of 0.20 m x 0.20 m x 3.00 m specify the use of
(¼” x 4’ x8’) phenolic wood on 2” x2” x 20’ wood frame. If
you are to create a continuous rib-type formwork for this
warehouse, how much will you need for the following
materials?
NUMBER OF WOODFRAMES
Step 1
Round up
Prime Buildworks CE3C
1. A storage warehouse consists of eight concrete posts with
dimensions of 0.20 m x 0.20 m x 3.00 m specify the use of
(¼” x 4’ x8’) phenolic wood on 2” x2” x 20’ wood frame. If
you are to create a continuous rib-type formwork for this
warehouse, how much will you need for the following
materials?
NUMBER OF WOODFRAMES
Step 1
Prime Buildworks CE3C
1. A storage warehouse consists of eight concrete posts with
dimensions of 0.20 m x 0.20 m x 3.00 m specify the use of
(¼” x 4’ x8’) phenolic wood on 2” x2” x 20’ wood frame. If
you are to create a continuous rib-type formwork for this
warehouse, how much will you need for the following
materials?
It needs 9 pcs of ¼”
x 4’ x8’ phenolic
wood and 41 pcs of
2” x2” x 20’ wood
frames.
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C. FORMS FOR BEAM AND GIRDER
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WHY?
FORMWORK
BEAMS
AND GIRDER
Only the bottom and side faces of
beams are covered with plywood,
leaving the top face open for
concrete passage.
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2. Ten concrete beams with cross sectional
dimensions of 0.30 by 0.60 m have a uniform clear
span of 4.5 m. Using ¼” x 4’ x 8’ plywood form on
a 2” x 2” lumber frame, list down the materials
required.
NUMBER OF PLYWOODS
Step 1
0.10 = constant value for the lapping of the form.
Step 2
Step 3
1 m = 3.3 ft
Step 4
Round up
Prime Buildworks CE3C
2. Ten concrete beams with cross sectional
dimensions of 0.30 by 0.60 m have a uniform clear
span of 4.5 m. Using ¼” x 4’ x 8’ plywood form on
a 2” x 2” lumber frame, list down the materials
required.
NUMBER OF PLYWOODS
Prime Buildworks CE3C
2. Ten concrete beams with cross sectional
dimensions of 0.30 by 0.60 m have a uniform clear
span of 4.5 m. Using ¼” x 4’ x 8’ plywood form on
a 2” x 2” lumber frame, list down the materials
required.
NUMBER OF WOODFRAMES
Step 1
Round up
NOTE: The difference in the multiplier arises because columns require more lumber for
formwork than beams, as they cover four sides compared to the three sides of beams.
Prime Buildworks CE3C
2. Ten concrete beams with cross sectional
dimensions of 0.30 by 0.60 m have a uniform clear
span of 4.5 m. Using ¼” x 4’ x 8’ plywood form on
a 2” x 2” lumber frame, list down the materials
required.
NUMBER OF WOODFRAMES
Prime Buildworks CE3C
2. Ten concrete beams with cross sectional
dimensions of 0.30 by 0.60 m have a uniform clear
span of 4.5 m. Using ¼” x 4’ x 8’ plywood form on
a 2” x 2” lumber frame, list down the materials
required.
It needs 25 - ¼” x 4’ x 8’
plywood form and 626
pcs of 2” x 2” lumber
frame.
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D.
D. SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
COLUMNS
BEAMS
CONCRETE SLAB
FLOOR SLAB FORMS
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A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
A. Scaffolding for Columns
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Prime Buildworks CE3C
A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
A. Scaffolding for Columns
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A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
B. Scaffolding for Beams
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Prime Buildworks CE3C
A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
B. Scaffolding for Beams
Prime Buildworks CE3C
A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
C. Scaffolding for the Concrete Slab
Step 1
Step 2
Prime Buildworks CE3C
A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
C. Scaffolding for the Concrete Slab
Prime Buildworks CE3C
A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
D. Floor Slab Forms
Step 1
Step 2
Prime Buildworks CE3C
A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
D. Floor Slab Forms
Prime Buildworks CE3C
A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a
clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the
following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2”
x 2” horizontal and diagonal braces.
A.) Columns: 252 board feet 2 "x 3" and 1177 board feet 2" x 2"
B.) Beams: 306 board feet 2” x 3” and 240 board feet 2” x 2”
C) For Slab: 655 board feet - 2” x 3”
D) Floor Slab Form: 25pcs of 4' x 8' plywood
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PROCEDURE FOR
INSTALLING FORMWORKS
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OVERVIEW OF
FORMWORK
INSTALLATION
To ensure safe and precise
concrete structures by
maintaining the integrity of the
formwork.
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SELECTION OF MATERIALS
Common Materials:
Timber, Steel, Aluminum and,
Plastic/Modular
Considerations: Budget,
type of construction, and
desired finish.
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FORMWORK
DESIGN
Design Verification: Must handle loads from
concrete, workers, and equipment. It should
comply with the DPWH Standard
Specifications and Building Code.
Approval of Formwork Design: Ensure that
the formwork design is approved by a
licensed structural engineer in line with
DPWH regulations.
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SITE PREPARATION
Clearing and Compact the Survey and mark
Leveling ground the site
Remove debris and Prevent shifting Ensure proper
ensure a flat surface. during pouring. alignment of formwork.
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ASSEMBLY OF Position Panels: Secure
FORMWORK
vertical formwork with
shoring.
Install Braces: Ensure
stability with horizontal,
vertical and diagonal braces.
Apply Release Agent:
Prevent concrete sticking.
Secure Joints: Tighten
using bolts or form ties.
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ASSEMBLY OF Plywood Templates: is used
FORMWORK to position dowels and anchor
bolts accurately, ensuring
proper alignment. Protect
sticking dowels with 1 ½-
inch-thick wood covers or
protective caps to prevent
injuries, and verify all safety
measures are in place before
concrete pouring.
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ASSEMBLY OF Reinforcement Placement:
Place rebar inside the
FORMWORK formwork as per design
specifications, ensuring
proper spacing, alignment,
and coverage. Use spacers
to prevent shifting, and add
tension cables or cross-
braces for large-scale
formwork to withstand
concrete pressure.
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Formwork Ties:
Hold panels
together and resist
concrete pressure.
Temporary
Bracing: Supports
formwork during
pouring.
TIES AND BRACING
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CHECKING
ALIGNMENT
AND LEVELING
Check Alignment: Use laser levels and
measuring tools to ensure straight
formwork.
Level the Base: Ensures even concrete
surface.
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POURING
CONCRETE
Once the formwork is securely in place
Pour steadily to avoid cold joints.
Use vibration to eliminate air pockets
and compact the concrete.
Monitor formwork for integrity during
pouring.
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CURING OF
CONCRETE
Curing: Keep the concrete moist during
curing to prevent cracking and ensure
hydration. The formwork stays in place
for 24-48 hours, depending on the
concrete mix and environmental
conditions, to protect against heat,
wind, and rain.
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STRIPPING OF
THE FORMWORK
Stripping: Once the concrete has gained
sufficient strength (typically around
70% of its final strength), after 24-48
hours, the formwork can be stripped. The
formwork is carefully removed without
disturbing the shape or surface of the
concrete.
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FORMWORK REMOVAL
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INSPECTION AFTER
FORMWORK REMOVAL
Inspect for Defects: Check for cracks
and surface irregularities.
Formwork Reuse: Inspect for wear and
damage if formwork is to be reused.
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SAFETY MEASURES
Always wear appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE), including safety glasses,
gloves, and hard hats.
Ensure that all workers are properly trained in
formwork installation techniques.
Inspect all formwork materials before use to
ensure they are in good condition.
Follow the manufacturer's instructions for
formwork assembly and installation
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SAFETY MEASURES
Perform “Load Testing”
(testing procedure): If the
formwork is used for large or
high-load concrete pours,
perform a load test to verify
that it can handle the weight
of the concrete without
excessive deflection.
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SAFETY MEASURES
Use appropriate lifting
equipment to move heavy
formwork components.
Monitor the formwork during
concrete pouring for signs of
strain or failure.
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PROCEDURE FOR
SCAFFOLDING
INSTALLATION
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OVERVIEW OF
FORMWORK
INSTALLATION
Proper scaffolding installation
involves several sequential steps
to ensure safety and compliance
with regulations.
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PLANNING AND
PREPARATION
Assess the site for hazards (e.g., overhead
power lines, underground utilities).
Obtain necessary permits.
Ensure workers are trained and certified in
scaffolding safety.
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SETTING UP Secure base plates to
THE BASE
evenly distribute
weight.
Use sole boards for soft
or uneven ground.
Ensure the base is firm,
stable, and well-
drained.
Minimum dimension is
150mm x 150mm
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ERECTING THE Install vertical poles
STANDARDS (standards) at intervals
no more than 2.4
meters.
Use couplers or clamps
to secure standards to
the base.
Ensure all standards are
plumb and vertical.
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INSTALLING Connect horizontal
LEDGERS
poles (ledgers) to the
standards for structural
support.
Maintain a maximum
distance of 1.8 meters
between ledgers.
Ensure ledgers are level
and secured with right-
angle clamps.
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INSTALLING Position transoms
TRANSOMS
perpendicular to
ledgers for additional
horizontal support.
Install transoms no
more than 1.2 meters
apart.
Ensure transoms are
level and securely
connected.
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INSTALLING Add diagonal braces
BRACES in an X-shape
between standards
for stability.
Install at least two
braces per section
to prevent swaying.
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INSTALLING Position working
PLATFORMS
platforms on top of
ledgers and transoms,
ensuring they are no
more than 3 meters
apart.
Ensure platforms are
level, secure, and
equipped with
guardrails.
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SECURING THE Anchor the scaffolding to
SCAFFOLDING the building or structure to
prevent shifts or collapses.
Use tie-ins (ropes or
cables) at intervals no
greater than 10 feet
vertically.
Ensure initial tie-in is at
three times the minimum
base width.
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INSPECTING Perform a thorough
AND TESTING inspection before use.
Check for damaged
parts and ensure all
clamps and couplers
are tight.
Verify that the
structure is stable and
safe.
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SCAFFOLDING
INSPECTION
AND TAGGING
Each scaffold access that has
been inspected and deemed
safe for use shall be tagged
with green tag
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SCAFFOLDING
INSPECTION
AND TAGGING
Yellow tags marked "CAUTION" shall be
placed whenever special safety
requirements are necessary, or when a
scaffold has been modified to meet work
requirements and may present a hazard
to the user.
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SCAFFOLDING
INSPECTION
AND TAGGING
The "UNSAFE FOR USE" tag shall be
applied during the erection and
dismantling of scaffolds, when the
scaffold is left unattended, or when the
scaffold is found to be unsafe or defective
upon inspection.
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TESTING PROCEDURES
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Checking and Inspection Based on DPWH Standard
Specifications:
1. Pre-installation review by a registered engineer.
2. Load-bearing capacity tests for dead, live, and lateral loads.
3. Material inspections for plywood, steel and fastening devices.
4. Final Inspection before concrete pouring to check bracing, spacing,
and stability.
5. Controlled dismantling after concrete curing.
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LOCAL PROTOCOLS FOR
INSPECTION
1 2 3 4
QUALITY DETAILED DPWH RATING TIME
ASSURANCE DRAWINGS SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS
INSPECTION PLAN FOR FORM
REMOVAL BASED
ON STRENGTH
GAIN
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5. SCAFFOLDING PERMIT
1. APPLICANT INFORMATION
2. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
3. DESIGN PROFESSIONAL AND SUPERVISION
4. RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDITIONS
5. PERMIT INSURANCE AND VALIDITY
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6. SCAFFOLD SAFETY STANDARDS
(BASED ON VOSHA HANDBOOK)
A B C D
GENERAL RULES MOBILE SUSPENDED/SWINGING TUBULAR WELDED
FOR SCAFFOLDS SCAFFOLDING SCAFFOLDING FRAME SCAFFOLDS
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A. GENERAL RULES FOR SCAFFOLDS
a. FOOTING & STABILITY g. MATERIAL STANDARDS
b. SUPERVISION h. PLANK SPAN & OVERLAP
c. GAURDRAILS & TOE BOARDS i. ACCESS & OVERHANG
d. SCAFFOLD HEIGHT j. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
e. PROTECTIVE SCREENING k. FIRE SAFETY
f. LOAD CAPACITY l. MAINTENANCE
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B. MOBILE SCAFFOLDING
1. PLATFORMS MUST BE FULLY PLANKED AND SECURED.
2. GAURDRAILS AND TOE BOARDS ARE REQUIRED
3. WIRE MESH IS REQUIRED IF PEOPLE PASS BENEATH
4. ALL CASTER MUST BE LOCKED DURING WORK
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C. SUSPENDED/SWINGING SCAFFOLDING
1. Hanger Pins: Must be properly installed,
with the bridge capable of supporting 4× the
intended load.
2. Tie-backs: Use ¾-inch manila rope or
equivalent for secondary anchorage.
3. Inspections: All ropes, hangers, and platforms
must be inspected before use and monitored by a
competent person.
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C. SUSPENDED/SWINGING SCAFFOLDING
4. Load Limits:
○ 500 lbs: Max 2 persons.
○ 750 lbs: Max 3 persons (but 2 persons for heavy work).
5. Fall Protection: Workers must use approved safety
harnesses with lifelines
attached to immovable objects (not the basket or
vehicles).
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D. TUBULAR WELDED FRAME SCAFFOLDS
1. MUST SUPPORT 4x THE INTENDED LOAD.
2. FOLLOW MANUFACTURER INSTRUCTIONS;
ENSURE ALL BRACES, DIAGONALS, AND
CONNECTIONS ARE SECURE.
3. SECURE SCAFFOLDS TO THE STRUCTURE AT
INTERVALS NOT EXCEEDING 30 fT
HORIZONTALLY AND 26 fT VERTICALLY.
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS
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FORMWORKS
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR FORMWORKS
ENGINEERED WOOD MODULAR FORMWORK
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR FORMWORKS
INSULATING CONCRETE SELF-CLIMBING
FORMS(ICFs) FORMWORK
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR FORMWORKS
LIGHTWEIGHT PLASTIC REUSABLE FIBERGLASS
FORMWORKS FORMWORKS
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR FORMWORKS
POLYSTYRENE FOAM
FABRIC FORMWORK
(INSULATED FORMWORKS)
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SCAFFOLDING
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR SCAFFOLDING
SCISSOR LIFTS
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR SCAFFOLDING
AERIAL LIFTS
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR SCAFFOLDING
BAMBOO
SCAFFOLDING
Salford & Co.
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING,
FUTURE
ENGINEERS
