Larry’s 语法课：

虚拟语气
▲ 课程安排

➢ 虚拟语气（1）：Larry给你讲一个狗血的故事，然后你就啥都明白了

➢ 虚拟语气（2）：倒装结构虚拟句+交叉时态虚拟句+无条件虚拟句+含蓄条件句

➢ 虚拟语气（3）：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 + 非主流形式虚拟句

➢ 虚拟语气（4）：如何构建“虚拟思维”？
▲ 掌握了虚拟语气，你的英语才够叼

➢ 大部分人从来没搞懂过虚拟语气的本质意义是什么

➢ 虚拟语气是较为常见、常用的语法结构（口语比书面语更为常见）

➢ 能在写作和口语实践中用出虚拟语气 = 你的英语水平很不错

➢ 虚拟语气是高手和庸手的分界线，这玩意其实很有用！
▲ 虚拟语气为什么这么难?

➢ 虚拟语气的难度 = 【情态动词 + 虚拟语气 + 时态】的整体难度

➢ 对中国人来说，虚拟语气 = 100%的负迁移

➢ 虚拟语气的语法规则较为繁杂

➢ 即便学懂了虚拟语气，你大概率也用不出来，后续依旧要通过大量的实践才能熟能生巧
▲ 为什么要虚拟？

<If I Could Fly>

<If I Can Fly>

▲ 为什么要虚拟？ If I were a boy

Even just for a day

I'd roll outta bed in the morning

And throw on what I wanted and go

Drink beer with the guys

And chase after girls

I'd kick it with who I wanted

If I were a boy
And I'd never get confronted for it
I think I could understand
'Cause they'd stick up for me
How it feels to love a girl

I swear I'd be a better man

I'd listen to her

'Cause I know how it hurts

When you lose the one you wanted

'Cause he's taken you for granted

And everything you had got destroyed

▲ 虚拟语气其实很常用

虚拟语气其实遍地都

是，只不过大多数时候，你

压根不知道人家已经虚拟了。
▲ 如何彻底掌握虚拟语气

➢ 理解虚拟语气的本质：为什么虚拟？能不能不虚拟？虚拟 or 不虚拟，意思有何区别？

➢ 对虚拟语气的语法规则必须烂熟于心

➢ 真实条件句 VS 非真实条件句，要认真对比

➢ If I can help you, I will definitely do so.

➢ 记住：虚拟语气都有言外之意
➢ If I could help you, I would definitely do so.

➢ 把本课程的讲义烂熟于心，你就啥都明白了
▲ 虚拟语气的语法规则
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式

将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】

现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】

过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

虚拟句的种类 例句 内涵

If Michael had known about this, he 表示说话人的一种主观假设，句子本身包含一种

were 型虚拟条件句 wouldn’t have married Susan. 【隐含的否定】。

It is important that we marry the one 不包含假设，也不包含【隐含的否定】，但句子传

be 型虚拟句 we love. 达某种主观意愿（愿望、建议、命令、请求等）。

wish 虚拟句

时态交叉型虚拟句

其他乱七八糟类型的虚拟句…
▲ 记住这个狗血的故事，你就学会了虚拟语气！
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

男一：Michael，酒吧舞大学大四学生，身高 185 cm，人长得贼帅，但家境贫寒。

女一：Sally，酒吧舞大学大四学生，家境同样贫寒，跟 Michael 是同班同学，俩人是恋人关系。

女二：Susan，酒吧舞大学大四学生，白富美，是 Michael 和 Sally 的同班同学，已经喜欢 Michael 四年了。

男二：Jimmy，酒吧舞大学大四学生，高帅富，和上述三位是同班同学，已经当 Sally 的舔狗四年了。

本剧故事，纯属虚构，如有雷同，不胜荣幸！
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

明天就是酒吧舞大学的招聘会了，很多大企业都会来招聘。傍晚的时候，Michael 和 Sally 在校园漫步…

Sally: “ Jobs are so hard to come by these days. If I can't find one and don't have any income, will you still love me? ”
Michael: “ Of course! Don't worry, babe. I've always had good grades. I'm sure some big company will snatch me up
tomorrow! ”

Sally: “ And how will that help? We still can't afford a house. The prices are ridiculous. ”
Michael: “ Housing prices have crashed in many cities, and Evergrande is down. If we could wait, we’d be able to buy a
house for peanuts soon. ”
Sally: “ Tomorrow is the job fair. Any companies you've got your eye on?”
Michael: “ If Apple wanted me, I would consider it. ”
Sally: “ You‘re just boasting. ”
Michael: “ Just kidding! But if Tancent offers me a job, I might just take it. ”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

Sally: “ If I can‘t find one and don’t have any income, will you still love me? ”
“ If I couldn’t find one and didn’t have any income, would you still love me? ”
“ If I shouldn’t find one and didn’t have any income, could you still love me? ”
“ If I were not to find one and didn’t have any income, might you still love me? ”
“ If I didn’t find one and didn’t have any income, should you still love me? ”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

Michael: “ If we could wait, we’d be able to buy a house for peanuts soon. ”
“ If we can wait, we’ll be able to buy a house for peanuts soon.”
“ If we should wait, we might be able to buy a house for peanuts soon.”
“ If we were to wait, we should be able to buy a house for peanuts soon.”
“ If we waited, we’d be able to buy a house for peanuts soon.”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

Michael: “ If Apple wanted me, I would consider it.”

“ But if Tancent offers me a job, I might just take it. ”

“ But if Tancent offers me a job, I might just take it. ” （ Tancent 大概率会给我offer，但我不太想去。）

“ But if Tancent offers me a job, I may just take it. ” （ Tancent 大概率会给我offer，我也有点想去。）

“ But if Tancent offered me a job, I might just take it. ” （ Tancent 大概率压根就不会给我offer…）
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

第二天，Michael 和 Sally 都参加了学校的招聘会，傍晚的时候，两人又在校园里散步…

Sally: “ Which companies did you apply to? ”

Michael: “ Quite a few. I also dropped my resume at Apple, but I'm not holding my breath. ”

这时，Michael 的手机响了，他接起电话，片刻后，他的表情变得十分惊讶。

Michael: “ The HR department at Apple called. They've hired me! I start tomorrow, and
they've offered me a senior manager position, with a million-dollar salary! ”

Sally: “ What?! A million bucks? We can buy a house right away! ”

Michael: “ Yeah, it's unbelievable. But a million only covers the down payment. If we had five
million, we could buy a house outright. Then, you wouldn't have to work. I'd take care of you. ”
Sally: “ I'm capable of working, thank you very much. I don't even dare to dream of a
company like Apple. If Tancent would hire me, I'd be over the moon. ”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

Sally: “We can buy a house right away! ”

“We can buy a house right away (if you have a job with a million-dollar salary).”
“We will buy a house right away (if you have a job with a million-dollar salary).”
“We would/could buy a house right away (if you had a job with a million-dollar salary).”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

Michael: “ Yeah, it's unbelievable. But a million only covers the down payment. If we had five million, we could
buy a house outright. Then, you wouldn't have to work. I'd take care of you. ”

Sally: “ I'm capable of working, thank you very much. I don't even dare to dream of a company like Apple. If
Tancent would hire me, I'd be over the moon. ”
虚拟的对象 从句 主句
If we had five million, we could buy a house outright.
If we should have five million, we would buy a house outright.
未来
If we could have five million, we might buy a house outright.
If we were to have five million, we should buy a house outright.
we could buy a house outright.
we would buy a house outright.
现在 If we had five million,
we might buy a house outright.
we should buy a house outright.
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

第二天，Michael 来 Apple 公司报道，意外地发现他居然有一间独立的办公室，他居然刚入职就成了一个百人项目的负责人，最离谱的是，公司居然给

他配了一个女秘书，这个女秘书还不是别人，正是他的同班同学 Susan！看着一身OL制服的 Susan 帮自己冲咖啡，直接给 Michael 整不会了…
Susan: “ Why are you looking so glum? Am I not doing well as your secretary? ”
Michael: “ Turns out Apple is your family's business. I knew you were well-off, but I never imagined
your dad was the richest guy in the country. ”

Susan: “ What's the point of being the wealthiest if you still don't like me? ”
Michael: “ Forced love never works out. ”

Susan: “ It might work out if you gave it a try. ”

Michael: “ Don't do this, Susan. I never imagined it would be like this. If I had known Apple was your
family's company, if I had known you were behind all this, I wouldn't have taken this job in the first
place. I'm going to HR to resign. ”
Susan: “ So just because my family has money, you don't like me? If my dad was a regular farmer
like Sally's, would you fancy me? ”
Michael: “ Even if Apple wasn't in the mix, I still wouldn't be into you, Susan. We're just not meant to
be. ”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

听到 Michael 绝情的话语，Susan 泫然欲泣，这个时候，Michael 的电话响了，Michael 一看是自己老爸打来的，于是接起了电话…

Michael‘s dad: “ Son, your mom got into a car accident and she's in the ICU. It's costing us a
hundred grand a day. I've already sold the house, but we can only keep going for a week. Son, if
we don’t come up with the damn money, your mom won’t make it! ”

Michael: “ Dad, don't worry. I'll figure it out. ”

Susan 走过来，抓住 Michael 的手，另外一只手掏出一张银行卡放在 Michael 的手里。

Susan: “ There's a billion in the account, it's what my dad set aside for my wedding. Take it for
now, the password is your birthday. ”

Michael: “ Susan, I... ” (Michael 第一次发现 Susan 竟然如此美丽…)

Susan: “ Just take it! I know you don't love me, you love Sally. I know even with this billion, you
still won't love me, but Auntie's illness is urgent! ”
Michael 张了张嘴，却什么都说不出口，他想把手里的银行卡还给 Susan，但这张密码设置成了自己生日的银行卡此刻重若千钧...
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

Michael 心系母亲的安危，只好开着 Susan 的布加迪赶往医院，Michael 在医院交了五百万住院费之后，母亲的病情马上就稳定

下来了。在医院忙活了两天之后，Michael 开着布加迪回了学校，校园里此时下起了雨…

Sally: “ Where did you get this car? ” 看着 Sally 在雨中跑远，

Michael 心痛万分，他想
Michael: “ It's from work. ”
追上去留住 Sally，但身边
Sally: “ Does the company really provide employees with such outrageous sports cars? ” 的布加迪却像磁石一样让他
动弹不得，Michael 仰天
Michael: “ Yeah, our company's got great perks. ”
长啸，然后 duang 地一声
Sally: “ You're lying! This is Susan's car! If you loved me, you wouldn’t have lied to me. Are you planning to 把拳头砸在了布加迪的引擎
dump me and marry Susan, huh? ” 盖上。

Michael: “ Enough! Even if I had told you the truth, would you believe me? If I had known you were this
kind of woman, I... ”

Sally: “ You! Had I known you were like this, I would have taken Tancent's offer today. I only turned it
down because Tancent is Jimmy's family business.”

Michael: “ Oh, so you've found someone else during all this? I must be blind! ”

Sally: (Tears in eyes) “ Michael, you jerk! You'll regret this! ”

▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

傍晚八点，Susan 和 Jimmy 在一家顶级餐厅共进晚餐。

Susan: “ Things went well, but we didn't leave any loose ends, right? ”
Jimmy: “ Don't worry, I gave that hit-and-run driver five million as hush money. If he dared to rat me out, I'll make
him disappear! ”
Susan: “ Good. I'll transfer the five million to you later. ”
Jimmy: “ No need. This isn't all for you anyway. Hadn’t we orchestrated this little drama, there wouldn’t be any
chance for Sally to fall into my lap. ”
Susan: “ I still don't get what you see in her. Sure, she's pretty, but there are plenty of pretty girls out there.
What's so special about her? ”
Jimmy: “ Because Sally always makes me ponder one thing: if my family wasn't so loaded, could I still have a
chance with her? ”
Susan: “ Oh, spare me! So mawkish! ”
Jimmy: “ You have the nerve to say that to me? I gave you advice long ago. I should've sealed the deal with
Michael from the get-go if I were you. If you two had gotten together earlier, I would've had Sally wrapped around
my finger ages ago, believe me. ”
Susan: “ Spare me! If Michael was so easy to hook, I wouldn't have liked him either. You're no different. If Sally
was the type to fall for you at the snap of your fingers, would you still be hung up on her? ”
Jimmy: “ Fair point. ”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

FIVE YEARS LATER…

▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

五年后，Michael 已经成了 Apple 公司的 CEO，他和 Susan 的婚姻还算美满，只不过，这么多年了，俩人却没生下个一男半女。Michael 十分渴望拥有自己

的孩子，于是经常去幼儿园周围“云”别人家的孩子，这一天，Michael 恰巧遇到了 Sally 来接自己的儿子 Max，见到 Max 的那一刻，Michael 立马就傻了…
Michael: (pointing to Max) “ Sal, he… ”
Sally: “ He what? Max, my son! ”
Michael: “ His dad is Jimmy? ”
Sally: “ Of course! If it wasn’t Jimmy, could it be you? ”

Michael: “ I don't believe it! This must be my son! He looks so much like me! ”
Sally: “ Lots of people look alike! If he was your son, how come he's five years old and hasn't seen you as a dad? ”
Michael: “ Now today he’s seeing me! Son, come here to Dad! ”
Max: “ Mom, I'm scared. This weirdo is so scary. ”
Sally: “ Don't be scared, son. This uncle became like this by accident. Hadn’t it been for a seductive woman and a
Bugatti, he wouldn't be like this today. ”
Max: “ Mom, what's a Bugatti? ”
Sally: “ It's a very, very expensive car.”
Max: “ Can I drive a Bugatti when I grow up? ”
Sally: “ If you earn the money yourself, you can buy any expensive car you want. But if it was given by some
seductive woman, you absolutely should not accept it. Got it? ”
Max: “ Got it! ”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

翌日，某顶级私人医院亲子鉴定中心。Michael、Sally、Susan，还有 Jimmy，四个人一言不发地盯着桌子上的鉴定报告，这时，Susan 突然起身，抓起报告

单撕成两半，狠狠摔在Michael的脸上，然后夺门而出，Jimmy 深深看了一眼 Sally，冷笑一声，随后拂袖而去。

Susan: “ If I had known it would turn out like this... ”

Jimmy: “ Damn it! If I had known earlier, I wouldn’t have been raising his son for five years! ”
Susan: “ It's karma! People from our class aren't meant to have dealings with those poor bastards! ”
Jimmy: “ Makes sense! Hey, Susan, what do you think about us? ”
Susan: “ You mean me and you? Are you serious? ”
Jimmy: “ Yeah, why not? If we were to tie the knot, we would both have our freedom, if you know
what I mean. Getting married should benefit both our families’ businesses. Plus, no more fees for
WeeChat Tip on Apple's channels! We’d be one big happy family! ”
Susan: “ You love me? ”
Jimmy: “ Not really, but you look gorgeous. I’m tired of this love game now. You look good, and
that’s enough.”
Susan: “ Have our freedom? ”
Jimmy: “ Have our freedom! ”
Susan: “ Alright! Let’s get married! ”
▲ 针对过去、现在、将来的虚拟【表示假设】
虚拟的对象 主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式
将来 【would/could/might/should + do】 【were to do】/ 【should/could do】/ 【did】
现在 【would/could/might/should + do】 【did】 / 【were】
过去 【would/could/might/should + have done】 【had done】 / 【had been】

几天后，Michael、Sally、Susan，还有 Jimmy，这四个曾经的大学同学一起去民政局办理了离婚手续，Michael 净身出户，Susan 也

没能带走 Tancent 的任何资产，之后，四个人又一起办理了结婚手续，之后，Michael 和 Sally 在城中村租了一间小屋，开启了新的生活。

Michael: “ I'm sorry, darling, it's all my fault. If I hadn’t made such unforgivable mistake back
then, you wouldn't have suffered so much, Max wouldn't have spent all these years not knowing
who his real dad is, and you two wouldn’t be reduced to this today. ”

Sally: “ Don't say that, honey, at least we still have our son, right? ”

Michael: “ Yeah, at least we still have our son, though we live in the slums now. You know what,
even if somebody gave me a billion dollars, I wouldn't give up our life here. Even if Apple and
Tancent were handed over to me, I wouldn't abandon you and Max for them. ”

Sally: “Darling, if I had to choose again, I would still divorce Jimmy and choose you. I only love
you! Max, come call Daddy!”

Max: “ I don't want to live here! I want a Bugatti! ”