Types of Elections In India
The change brought out in the policy, strategy, attitude, and tendency of the government work
culture is reflected in the construction of one-and-a-half crore houses in the last five years.
In this article, we will discuss the types of elections in India.
Types of Elections In India
India is divided into States (and Union Territories), each of which has a Governor who serves as
the state's head; however, the Chief Minister is the head of the party or political coalition that
won a majority in the regional elections, also known as State Assembly Elections, which are
used to elect the State's executive body, actually has de facto executive authority. The Chief
Minister of each State has executive authority within that State and collaborates with the Indian
Prime Minister or their ministries on issues that need both Central and State attention. Other
(usually smaller) Union Territories are ruled by someone the President of India appoints. Some
Union Territories also vote for an Assembly and have a regional administration.
India's federal agency, the Election Commission, was established in accordance with the
Constitution's requirements and is in charge of overseeing and conducting all elections in the
country. This organisation is in charge of ensuring impartial, fair, and free elections. The
electoral commission controls members' behaviour before, during, and after elections in
accordance with the law.
Rajya Sabha Elections
Rajya Sabha has a process of indirect elections where the State governments select members
as per the proportion of seats available. The seats in Rajya sabha are allocated according to the
proportion of the population.
• Uttar Pradesh has the largest population, and it has the most seats allocated in Rajya
sabha. In contrast, states like Nagaland and Mizoram are sparsely populated and have
one seat.
• Rajya Sabha can never be dissolved, and the members are elected for six years.
• They are elected every two years by one-third of the members whose term of 6 years
gets completed.
• The indirect method is followed where members from the state's legislative assembly
elect the members of Rajya sabha.
Parliamentary general elections (Lok Sabha)
The adult citizens of the country elect the members of the Lok Sabha. These candidates contest
together in their relevant constituencies. All adult citizens can vote in their respective
constituencies.
• A candidate who gets elected holds their seat for five years. They are called the
Members of Parliament.
• Elections take place once every five years.
• A total of 543 members for the Lok Sabha (Lower House) are selected. A total of 131
seats (24.03%) are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes (84) and
Scheduled Tribes (47). The quorum used for the House is 10% of the entire
membership.
• The Lok Sabha, unless dissolved, prolongs to function for five years from the date
selected for its first meeting. When a proclamation of emergency is in process, this
period might be expanded by Parliament House by law or decree.
State Assembly Elections (Vidhan Sabha)
Candidates who can win the Elections of the State Legislative Assembly are called 'Members of
Legislative Assembly.'
• The maximum number of members of the legislative assembly is 500, and the minimum
strength of the legislative assembly is 60.
• A candidate who gets elected holds their seat for five years.
Zila Panchayat Elections
Zila Parishad is referred to as the third tier of the Indian Panchayati Raj system.
• The members of the State Legislature and the Indian parliament members comprise the
members of the Zila Parishad.
• Zila Parishad has a maximum count of 75 members and a minimum count of 50
members.
• It is headed by the President and a Vice-President.
• An IAS officer is the chief executive officer of the administration setup of the Zila
Parishad.
After its freedom, India has performed as a respectable democracy. The global society has
acknowledged this as well. It has effectively evolved under difficult environments. From Gram
Panchayat to the Presidency, relatively frequent votes for every political position have been held
openly and transparently.
Importance of Different Types of Elections in India
Different Types of Elections in India offer options for political engagement and leadership.
Through this, a citizen can also express their displeasure towards the ruling party, and it also
functions as a self-regulatory mechanism. Through this system, the ruling parties are held in
check and forced to take the needs of the general population into consideration every five years.
Let us inform you that the Electoral System of India is covered in Articles 324 to 329 of Part XV
of the Constitution. To guarantee free and fair elections in the nation, Article 324 of the
Constitution establishes an independent Election Commission.
The adult franchise will be used as the foundation for both the Lok Sabha and state assembly
elections. As a result, anyone who is an Indian citizen and is 18 years old is eligible to vote in
the election as long as they are not barred from doing so by the Constitution's provisions or any
laws passed by the relevant legislature due to lack of residency, mental incapacity, crime, or
corrupt or illegal activity.
