// Students learning outcomes (SLO’S)
Artificial Intelligence
Good [morning], everyone! Today, we are going to explore
Artificial Intelligence. By the end of this lesson, you will
understand what AI is, how it works, its applications, its pros
and cons, and ultimately, a brief analysis, whether AI is a
blessing or a curse.
Before we talk about AI, let me tell you a short story.
In 2016, a woman in Japan was suffering from a strange illness.
She had seen dozens of doctors from all over the world, but
none could figure out what was wrong. Time was running out,
and hope was fading. Ultimately the researchers looked for the
help from an unexpected source named Watson. In just 10
minutes, Watson scanned through her medical records,
compared them to thousands of cases, and found that she had
a rare form of blood cancer. Later, a genetic test proved the
diagnosis was correct. Finally, she got the answer she had been
searching for a long time. Do you know who was Watson, it was
AI system trained in medical research.
This is not just a random story—it's a real example of how
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the world.
But what exactly is AI? Let’s break it down together.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
The word 'Artificial' means something that is not natural or
made by humans. ‘Intelligence' refers to the ability to think,
learn, and make decisions. So, Artificial Intelligence means
“Machines that can think, learn, and make decisions similar to
humans”.
John McCarthy, the father of AI, defines it as ‘the science and
engineering of making intelligent machines.
//Conn with physics and chemistry def Physics is a branch of science that deals with
the study of matter, energy, and the interactions between them." Chemistry is a branch of
science that deals with the study of the composition, properties, structure, and reactions of
matter."
Similarly : AI is a branch of science that deals with the study of creating intelligent machines.
Alan Turing defined it as "A computer would deserve
to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into
believing that it was human.
In 2018, Google demonstrated Duplex AI, a voice assistant that made phone calls to book
appointments at restaurants and salons. It spoke so naturally—with pauses, "ums," and
"ahs"—that the human on the other end didn’t realize they were talking to a machine!
So,
AI is all about creating machines that can think, learn, make
descisions and sometimes even outperform human
intelligence!"
How Does AI Work
Now that we understand what AI is, let’s explore how
it works."
Just like a car needs fuel, an engine, and mechanical parts to
function, AI also relies on data, algorithms, and computing
power to operate.
AI works by using data, algorithms, and computing
power. Let's break it down into simple steps:
1. Data Collection: AI systems learn from a huge amount of
data, just like we learn from books and experiences. The
larger the dataset, the more mature the AI system is.
2. Processing & Algorithms: We use our brain to process
information, while AI uses algorithms to process data
based on patterns. AI uses complex mathematical
models (like neural networks) to recognize patterns.
//An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions that a
computer follows to solve a problem or perform a task.
3. Decision Making: Based on patterns, AI makes
predictions and decisions. Like how we make choices
based on past experiences.
4. Learning & Improving: AI continuously improves with
more data, like how we get better with practice. It never
repeats its mistakes.
Let us understand this with an Example
We all use voice assistants like Siri or Alexa, they work
by following the same four steps we discussed: It listens
to your question (like how we hear), understands the
meaning (like how we process language), finds the best
answer (like how we think), and responds to you (like
how we speak).
// kid example of searching
Applications
AI is being used everywhere these days, in almost every field
one can think of! From healthcare and education to finance,
entertainment, and even agriculture, AI is transforming the way
we live and work.
AI in Healthcare
AI is transforming healthcare by diagnosing diseases more
accurately than doctors. For example, AI can predict
Alzheimer’s up to six years before symptoms appear—with
90% accuracy! This early detection saves countless lives.
AI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming education by
making learning more personalized and accessible. AI-
powered systems can adjust lessons based on a student's
learning speed, strengths, and weaknesses. For example,
Squirrel AI is an AI tutor that analyzes a student’s
performance and tailors lessons to their needs. If a
student struggles with a topic, the AI provides extra
practice and simpler explanations. Similarly, platforms like
Duolingo, Chatgpt, deepseek and making learning very
easy and efficient. According to a report AI-driven
personalized learning improves student
performance by 30% compared to traditional
methods.
AI in E-commerce
If you’ve ever received a product recommendation online, AI
was behind it! 35% of Amazon’s revenue comes from AI-
powered recommendations, and 72% of people click on
Netflix-recommended shows. This is because AI understands
what we like and helps businesses provide a more personalized
shopping experience.
Similarly, ai has transformed,
AI in Security & Cybersecurity
AI in Entertainment & Media
AI in Transportation & Automotive
Advantages
Mark Zuckerberg (CEO of Meta/Facebook):
💬 "AI will unlock new possibilities that will make our lives
better in the future."
1. AI Improves Healthcare and Saves Lives 🚑
Imagine a world where diseases are caught before they
even have a chance to spread. That’s exactly what AI is
doing in healthcare! It detects illnesses earlier and more
accurately than doctors, reducing misdiagnoses and
saving lives. For example, AI in medical imaging has cut
false diagnoses by 9.4% and can even predict Alzheimer’s
six years before symptoms appear! Talk about a lifesaver!
2. AI Enhances Productivity ⚡
Tired of boring, repetitive tasks? AI takes care of the grunt
work so humans can focus on creativity and big decisions.
Take JPMorgan, for instance—their AI legal software saves
360,000 hours of manual contract review every year.
That’s like giving their employees a time machine!
3. AI Reduces Errors and Improves Accuracy 🎯
Humans make mistakes, but AI? Not so much. In tasks that
require precision, AI outperforms us. AI-powered
warehouse robots, for example, make 80% fewer
mistakes when handling orders compared to human
workers. That means fewer mix-ups, faster deliveries, and
happier customers!
4. AI Reduces Costs and Increases Efficiency 💰
5. AI Enhances Personalization and User Experience 🎯
Disadvantages
Stephen Hawking (Theoretical Physicist):
💬 "The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the
end of the human race
Job Loss & Unemployment
AI is replacing human jobs, especially those which are
repetitive. Machines and algorithms can work faster and
more efficiently, reducing the need for human workers
.Mckinsey says by 2030, an estimated 375 million
jobs could be automated.
Bias & Discrimination
AI is only as fair as the data it is trained on. If that data
contains biases, AI can make unfair decisions, leading to
discrimination.
📊 Example: Amazon once used an AI hiring tool that was
found to be biased against women. Since it was trained on
past hiring data, which favored men, it learned to prefer
male candidates—reinforcing gender discrimination.
🔍 Privacy & Surveillance Issues
🎭 Deepfakes & Misinformation
AI can create highly realistic fake content, making it
difficult to tell what’s real and what’s not.
📊 Example: Deepfake videos—AI-generated videos that
swap faces or voices—are increasing by 900% per year
(Deeptrace, 2020). These can be used to spread false
information, impersonate people, or manipulate public
opinion.
🤖 AI Can Be Unpredictable & Dangerous
AI sometimes behaves in ways that humans don’t fully
understand, which can lead to unexpected risks.
📊 Example: In 2017, Facebook’s AI chatbots started
creating their own secret language that humans couldn’t
understand. Researchers had to shut them down because
they were no longer following the intended programming.
This incident raised concerns about AI acting beyond
human control.
5. Final Analysis: Is AI a Blessing or a curse?
Is AI a Blessing or a Curse?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most powerful
technologies of 21st century. Some believe that it is a blessing,
while others fear it could lead to disaster. Let’s explore both
sides through the words of experts and visionaries.
Andrew Ng (AI Expert):
💬 "Just as electricity transformed almost everything 100
years ago, today, it is hard to think of any industry that
would not be transformed in the next 100 years."
Elon Musk (CEO of Tesla, SpaceX, OpenAI):
💬 "AI is far more dangerous than nukes. We need strict
regulation, or we are doomed."
Stephen Hawking (Theoretical Physicist):
💬 "The development of full artificial intelligence could spell
the end of the human race."
Sam Harris (Philosopher & Neuroscientist):
💬 "We are talking about building machines that are more
competent than we are. If we succeed in that, we will be
handing over the reins of our civilization to entities that
are indifferent to us."
AI is like fire—if used wisely, it helps us cook and stay warm; if
misused, it can cause destruction. The key is to use AI
responsibly. So, should we fear AI or embrace it? The answer
lies in how we use it!
If we build ethical AI, set policies, and train people, AI will
be a powerful tool for a better future.
What do you all think? Will AI take over, or will it
become humanity’s best friend?
//PLO (Program Learning Outcome)
PLOs define the overall skills and knowledge a student should gain after completing an entire academic
program (e.g., a degree or diploma).
In 2017, Facebook was testing two AI chatbots, Bob and Alice,
when something unexpected happened—they started talking in
a strange language that humans couldn’t understand! Instead
of using normal English, they created their own shorthand
language making their conversation completely private.
Facebook shut down the experiment, People still wonder what
would have happened if they had let them keep talking a little
longer—or if the system had refused to shut down.
