-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special

thanks of gratitude to my teacher “MRS.
INDRANI SENGUPTA” ma’am who gave
me the golden opportunity to do the
wonderful project which also help me
doing a lot of research and I came to
know so many new things. I would also
like to thanks my friends who helped me
to complete this project on time. I am
really thankful to them.
THANK
YOU~

INDEX

sl no. topic
1. Keeping Quit
-About the poet
-Theme
-Control idea of the poem
–Poem
-Paraphrase
-Literary device
-Conclusion
2. A Thing Of Beauty
-About the poet
-Theme
-Central idea of poem
-Poem
-Paraphrase
-Literary device
-Conclusion
3. Aunt Jennifer’s Tiger
 -About the poet
-Theme
-Central idea of poem
-Poem
-Paraphrase
-Literary device
-Conclusion
4. My Mother At Sixty Six
-About the poet
-Theme
-Central idea of poem
-Poem
-Paraphrase
-Literary device
-Conclusion
5. Bibliography
Keeping
quit

About the poet

PABLO NERUDA (1904~1973) is the pen
name Nefali Ricardo Reyes Basolto who
was born in the town of paral in chile.
Neruda’s poem is full of easily
understood images which make them no
less beautiful. He won the novel prize
for literature in the year 1971. In this
poem Neruda talks about the necessity
of quiet introspection and creating a
feeling of mutual understanding among
human beings.

theme

The poem keeping quiet is, in essence,

anti~ war poetry. The poet is worried
about violence, Animal brutality, and the
fale of manual labours. Many of our
social political, and religious problems
can be solved in a very easy way,
According to the poet. Self Introspection
is the answer. It will be the first step
towards bringing people together if it is
implemented. The second phase is for
everyone to examine themselves and
determine what is wrong and who is to
blame. This will purify every heart and
elevate everyone.

central idea of poem

It was the first written in Spanish and

later translated to english. The central
idea of poem is realization of
importance of silence in our lives . It is
an anti war poem that ask humanity to
stop violence and harming other human
or animals, and this could be achieved
through self~introspection.
 Poem

Now we will count to twelve

And we will all keep still .
For once on the face on the earth
Let’s not spesk in any language,
Let’s stop for one second
And not move our arms so much
It would be an exotic moment
Without rush, without engines,
We would all be together
On a sudden strangeness.
Fisherman in the cold sea
 Would not harm whales
And the man gathering salt
Would look at his hurt hand.
Those who prepare green wars,
Wars with gas, war with five,
Victory with no survivors,
Would put on clean clothes,
and walks about with their brothers,
In the shade doing nothing.
What I want should not be confused
With total inactivity,
Life is what it is about;
I want no truck with death
If we were not so single - minded
about keeping our lives morning
and for once could no nothing
perhaps a huge silence
might interrupt this sadness
 of never understanding ourselves
and of threatning ourselves with
death.
Perhaps the Earth can teach us
as when everything seems dead
and later proves to be alive.
Now I'll count up to twelve.
and you keep quiet and I will go.

paraphrase

1. Now we........ arms so much The

port wants us to keep quiet
after a count-down of 12. He does not
want us to move our arms so
much. Not moving our arms also
suggests stoppings the use of all kinds
of weapons.

2. It would be……strangeness when

people all over the world irrespective of
their religions, languages and
nationalities will remain quiet for a
while, they will experience moment of
peace and quietness. The poet means to
say that only when we shall introspect in
silence, we shall introspect in silence-for
fostering universal brotherhood with one
another

3. Fisherman......hurt hands The poet

means to say that fisherman on that
day would not cause any damage to
whales in the sea . Here he cites an
example of whales, which are being
hunted for the purpose of food on trade
Metaphorically, it means that in the end
man rush for human beings to attain
material things, they nerve caused
damage to their health.

4. Thale who…...doing nothing,

In these lines the poet has becomes
optimistic or hopeful while imagining a
situation when even those who wage
war against nature indicated by 'green
war' and those who indulge in war will
foster the spirit of brotherhood. They
will give up the spirit of animosily for
fellow human beings.

5. What I want...... no truck with

death. The poet means to say that what
he wants is not suspension of all
activities during the process of
remaining silent. To all activities to a
halt is only to faciliate introspection and
not to bring life to a standstill. life is an
on-going on-process and humanity
should move on.

6. if we were…….ourselves with death.

The poet means to say that as human
beings are so determined about his own
progress in life by owning move and
more things, they have become
mechanical and have no time to
introspect. They would certainly known
why there was so much conflict and
violence in the would. The race for more
arms and ammunition and the desire to
overpower and dominate over more and
more areas and countries is what has
threatened mankind with death

7. Perhaps the..... and I will go. The

seeds that lie dormant throughout
winter germinate or come to life with
the arrival of spring. It appears as if
nature is vibrant-and throbbing with life.
Therefore,. the poet is optimistic about
the outcome of introspection. Like the
earth throbs with life when the spring
comes, like wise man gets new direction
in life the direction of being peaceful,
empathetic and forgiving as an outcome
of introspection.
 Library devices

1. Anaphora: two consecutive lines

starting with the word 'let's'.
eg: "Let's not speak in any
language"
2. Assonance: use of vovel 'o'
eg: "victory with no survivors"
3. lenjambment: and for once could
perhaps a huge silence
4. Alliteration: "wars with" - 'w' sound
is repeated.
5. when there is a complete contrast
between the literal meaning and
 what It appears to mean eg; Green
wars

conclusion

Pablo Neruda's poem “Keeping Quiet”

highlights the importance of sustaining
peace and silence. The emphasizes
being peaceful and non-harmful to
humans, animals and the
environment .The claims that to sustain
peace and hormony we must take time
to pause and reflect.

a
 Thing
Of
beauty

about the poet

John Keats (1795-1821) was a British

romantic poet. Although trained to be a
surgeon. Keats decided to devote
himself wholly to poetry. Keats’s secret,
his power to sway and delight the
readers, lies primarily in his gift for
perceiving the world and living his
moods and aspiration in terms of
language. The poem is based on a
Greek legend, is which poem is
lendymeon, a beautiful young shepherd
and port who lived on Mount datmes,
had a vision of Cynthia, the Moon
goddess.

Themes

The poem highlights now various

objects of nature are a perennial source
of pleasure for human beings. A
beautiful object is always treasured in
our mind because it provides us eternal
and everlasting joy.
The poem focuses on the theme of
happiness and how it can be

experienced .

Central idea of poem

The poem mainly focuses on motivating

the reader and filling them with the
hope of living their lives happily. It
delivers the message about the
presence of the things of beauty in this

world .
 Poem

A thing of beauty is a joy forever

its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness; but will keep
A vomer quiet for us. and a sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health,
and quiet breathing.
Therefore, on every morrow, are we
wreathing A flowery band to bind us to
the earth.
spite of despondence, of the inhuman
death
of noble natures, of the gloomy days,
of all the unhealthy and o'er darkened
ways
Made of our searching: yes, in-spite of
all,
some shape of beauty moves away pall.
From our dark spirits such the sun, the
moon.
Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady
boon
For simple sheep; and such cure
daffodils
with the queen would they live in and
clear rills
That for themselves a cooling covert
make
'Gainst the hot season; the mid fouest
buake,
Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose
bloom
and such too is the guandeur of the
dooms.
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely tales that we have heard or
read;
an endless fountain of immortal drink,
pouring onto us from the heaven's brink.

Paraphrase
1. A thing of ..........breathing". The
poet says that beauty stays
forever.It never stays away and it
increasing with passing time.
According to the poet, beauty is
like a beautiful tree under whose
shade all the creatures can sleep
peacefully, enjoy good health and
relaxed breathing .
2. “Therefore, on……..to the
earth”.The poet says that with
every passing day, it is the beauty
which fills us with immense joy to
live on this earth. we are being
attached to earth like all the flower
remain attached to each other in a
garland of flowers.
3. “spite of despondance……..inspite
of all”.The poet means to say that a
beautiful object has such magnetic
charm that it tends to overpower
 everything. Inspite of being
depressed, sad days, trail and
tribulations which tend to restrict
us do find those things of beauty,
all overcome all limitations and find
joy in our lives
4. “Some shape of beauty……… our
dark spirits" the poet emphasize on
the fact that in spite of all
shortcomings of life, all the hurdles
of life Inspite of all, object of beauty
that is found in nature, takes away
our pain from our depressed mind.
5. Such the sun……..musk-
rose.... .The port gives examples of
the sun, moon, trees, daffodils and
small rivers and forest fun which
are the things of beauty found in
nature and they are responsible for
creating beautiful memories for us
during our bad phase of life. for
example, trees both young and old
provide shades to young sheep
 daffodils by their green
surroundings are a source of
perennial joy for us. The forest fern
of musk roses is also a refreshing
treat for the eyes.
6. And such too …….heaven's
brink.We are talking about the
object of natures that gives us
immense pleasure, the poet takes
reference from our everyday life to
justify that there on presence of joy
even in the remembrance of
famous people who are dead. They
continue inspire us with their
contribution in the world even
though they are no longer with us.
we take experience heavenly bliss
when we take recourse to the life
stories of great personalities.
 Literary device

1. Rhyme scheme: aabbc

2. Alliteration: Sleep-sweet- ('s sound
is repeated)
3. Imagery: (i) A flowery band to bind
us
(ii) sprouting shady boon
(Trees shade)
(iii) Clear rill (clear river
streams)
4. Metaphor: Immortal drinks.
5. Antithesis: opposite words placed
together. Eg: old and young.

Conclusion
The poem gives us the message that a
thing of beauty is a joy forever. In
spite of the occasional bad pitch in our
lives, things of beauty and a source of
perennial pleasure that helps us to
sustain the trials of life.
The poem conveys the message that
anything beautiful remains engraved
in our heart and helps us live life in
spite trials and tribulation.

Aunt
 Jennifer’s
Tiger

About the poem

Adrienne Rich was born in Baltimore,

Maryland, USA. she was a famous
poet, teacher, essayist and feminist.
The content of her work became
increasingly confuentational exploring
such themes as women's role in
society, racism and the Vietnam War.
In 1997 Rich was awarded the
academy of American Poet's Wallace
Stevens award for outstanding and
proven mastery in the art of poetry.

Theme

The poem addresses the constraints of

married life a woman experience. Aunt
Jennifer represents women all over the
world, particularly the women in
America during the 1950s. She
represents women who mace victims
of male oppression in a patrianchal
society. The poem describe a woman's
struggle and silent rebellion against
mate domination. The poem highlights
Aunt Jennifer's alternate world of
freedom in her art.

Central idea of poem

The poem highlights how the power of

patriarchy controls women's bodies
but not their minds. The poem makes
this point by presenting the wild,
exotic, powerful tigers embroidered by
Aunt Jennifer and contrasting them
with Aunt Jennifer herself.

Poem
Aunt Jennifer's tiger prance across a
screen Knight-topaz denizens of a
world of green They do not fear the
men beneath the tree they pace is
sleek chivalric certainity.

Aunt Jennifer finger fluttering through

wool Find even the ivory needle hard
to pulls. The massive weight of Uncle's
wedding band sits heavily upon Aunt
Jennifer's hand.

when Aunt is dead, her terrified hand

will still ringed with ordeals she was
mastered by The tigers in the pand
that she made. will go on puancing,
proud and unafraid.
 Paraphrase

1. Aunt Jennifer's……. certainity.

Aunt Jennifer has made an
embrioi-dery design in her woolen
fabric the pictures of tiger on a
tree tops. They are the bright
yellow inhabitants in the world of
queen i.e forest. They do not fear
any men who are projected
woolen fabric below the trees.
2. Aunt Jennifer's fingers... Jennifer's
hand. The reality of Aunt Jennifer's
marital life is depicted here. she is
shown here to be weak and
ensolved very much in constrast
to the nature of tigers that she is
knitting on a woollen fabric. she is
so scared and agitated in her
married life that her fingers are
shaking while knitting through the
woolen fabric. even though in real
life, a wedding ring does not weigh
much, but symbiotically it
suggests the amount of
dominance her husband has
exercised over her in her marital
life.
3. when aunt is dead…….. and
unafraid. The port here means to
say that even after her death that
Jennifer’s would not be free from
the ordeals she ment through in
her life time. The male-dominated
 society seems to show no concern
for her suffering or even her
death. But her inner sense of
freedom remains forever in the
potrayal of tiger in her art work.

Literary Devices

1. Imagery: eg "bright tораz denizens

of a
would of queen.
 2. Alliteration: "finger’s fluttering
thuough
her wool.
3. Metaphor: "Chivalric certainly
"conveys the rigid roles and
expectations imposed on women
during that time.
4. Rhyme : AABBCC. rhyme scheme.
5. Personification: "prancing” and
"proud"

CONCLUSION

Desire for freedom.

Aunt Jennifer's tiger symbolizes here
yearning for freedom and strength.The
contrast between the vibrant, powerful
tigers and Aunt Jennifer's own life
highlights the disparity between her
aspirations and the reality of her
existence.

MY
MOTHER
AT
SIXTY SIX
 ABOUT THE POET

Kamala surayya was popularly known by

her onetime pen name Madhavikutty
and married name Kamala das, was an
indian poet in english as well as an
author in Malayalam from Kerala, India.
she was born on 31 March, 1934. Her
liberal treatment of female sexuality,
marked her as an iconoclast in popular
cultive of her generation.

Central idea of poem

It portrays the different stages of life
and now everybody old and faces
various situations that life throws at
them. The dead and blurred face of her
mother tormented her heart.

THEME

The poem drives home the fact-that

aging is a natural process and we have
sway no. Like aging, death is also
inevitable in the life of peoples. We
should come to terms write this hard
core fact of life. from personal pain and
agony the poem trascends into
universal problem of pain at separation
from our beloved ones.

Poem

Driving from my parent's home to

Cochin last Friday, I saw my mother
beside me. doze, open mouthed her
face ashen like that of a corpse and
realized with pain. She was an old as
she looked but soon put that thought
away and looked out at Young
trees sprinting, the merry children
spilling out of their homes, but after the
airport's their homes, security check,
standing a few yards away, I looked
again at her, wan, pale familiar ache,
my childhood's fear but all I said was,
see you soon Amma.
All I did was smile and smile and
smile….

Paraphrase

1. “Driving from……but soon.”

The poet was drriving with her
mother to the cochin airport. Her
mother was sitting beside her. She
was sleeping keeping her mouth
opened.when she looked at her
mother she realizes that her
mother's face was pale like a dead
body. The painful thought made
her realize that she looked old, the
hurts her and she looks away.
2. “Put that…..pale”.
In order to divert her attention from
her ailing mother, she looked out of
the vehicle at the young trees and
happy children coming out of their
houses. when they reached the
airport's security check. After the
physical separation from her
mother.she looked back her again
and saw her pale and colourless
face, which she compared to a late
winters's moon.
 3. “familiar ache…..and smile.”
After looking at her mother's face
from the other side of the security
check, the port felt old familiar pain
again. But these emotional thought
were so overpowering in nature
that she had to mask her obsessive
thought in front of her mother and
said her Amma that would see her
soon and smiled.

Literary device

1. Rhyme : It is a blank verse.

2. Simile: When she compares her
mother'
 face with that of a courpes and also
uses
the word 'like'
3. Personification: The poet uses the
device
w.r.t trees. she imagines trees to be
running alongside her car.
4. Metaphor: “trees sprinting"
5. Repetition :"all I did was smile and
smile…..”

Conclusion

The poem concluded on a high role has

a daughter is hopeful that she will be
reunited with her mother soon. The
feeling of fear, anxiety and grief and
hope have being portrayed by the
author in the poem.
 Bibliography

 Google

 Wikipedia

 Chat GPT

 Pintrest

 English text book