Important questions for map :-

1. Operation blue star ?

2. State where BSP achieved breakthrough

in 1989 , 1991 elections ?

3. state to which Sriramulu belonged ?

4. state where Rajeev Gandhi and laldenga

did peace accord ?

5. state where CPI came to power in march

1957?

6. state which became first part of india to

hold election on universal adult franchise ?
7. State where Indian government did stand
still agreement in November in 1947 ?

8. the state whose government wanted to do

MOU with steel industries ?

9. the state which is connected by the

phrase aaya ram gaya ram ?

10. state to which india’s first forign minister

belonged ?

11. k kaamraj belonged to which state ?

12. akali dal belongs ?

13. DMK , DK , AIADMK belongs ?

14. the state whose high court declared

indira’s Gandhi election invalid ?
15. the state where student protest invited
JP ?

16. karpuri thakur belonged ?

17. the state/ UT where JP did mass

demonstration on 25 june 1975 ?

18. the state liberated from portugese in

December 1961 ?

19. the leader who gave the slogan ‘JAI

JAAVAN JAI KISAAN’ belonged to which
state ?

20. which state became the 22nd official state

of india ?

21. angami phizu belonged ?

22. this state was earlier known as NEFA ?

23. the state where Rajeev Gandhi and

longowal accord happened ?

24. tribes like karbis , dimasas and bodos

belongs ?

25. state where sri ram Janam bhumi dispute

hapeended ?

26. the state where the original inhabitants

have been redeuced to minority ?

27. Chogyal dynasty belonged to ?

28. the state which saw anti outsider

movement from 1979 to 1985 ?
29. the state where article 370 earlier
applied ?

30. the state where Rajeev Gandhi

assassinated ?

31. kanshi ram belonged to ?

32. state attacked by china in 1962 ?

33. state which got statehood in 2014 , 2000

,1987 , 1972 , 1975 , 1963 ?

34. the state / UT attacked by pakistan 1999

?

35. the state which was partitioned in 1947 ?

36. the state to which first home minister

belonged ?
37. the state to which maharaja hari singh
belonged ?

38. national conference belongs ?

39. the state/ ut which saw most anti sikh

violence in 1985 ?

40. maharaja bodhachandra singh belonged

?

41. the state where Indian army in sep 1948

for integration belonged ?

42. the state which saw student protest in

jan 1974 ?

43. the state with largest Tibetan settlement

including dalai lama ?
44. the state/ ut known for its cold dessert
with very low population equally of both
buddhist and muslim ?

45. the state in which congress did not

achieved clear majority in 1952 assembly
election ?

46. the state which saw the first example of

misuse of emergency ?

47. the state in which first and second

nuclear test were done ?

48. the leader who gave the slogan garibi

hatao belong to which state ?

49. this state was reorganised in 1960 and

was part of bilingual experiment ?
50. the state which saw the great famine in
1959 ?

51. the state where india and Pakistan did

agreement after Bangladesh war ?

52. The official presedential candidate of

congress party in 1969 belonged to which
state ?

53. The state to which founder of Socialist

Party belonged ?

54. The state which was partitioned for

creation of East Pakistan and later became
Bangladesh ?

55. The city in this state became Communal

Zones due to partition ?
56. The saurashtra region which included 14
big princely states, 119 small and many
others belongs to which state ?

57. Junagarh is part of which state ?

58. Which current state of india comprises

the earlier princely state which was the
largest among the all ?

59. Potti Sriramulu did an indefinite fast that

led to his death after 56 days for the creation
which of present day state ?

60. E.M.S. Namboodiripad belongs to which

state ?

61. The party to which A.K. Gopalan

belonged came tom power for the first time
in which state of Independent India ?
62. The leader Popularly known as
LOKNAYAK belonged to this state ?

63. The state where congress did not get

majority in 1967 Assembly elections but
formed govt. with help of others ?

64. The state where congress did not got

majority in 1967 elections ?

65. The state associated with the coalition

govt. known as UNITED POPULAR FRONT ?

66. The congress president at the time when

Nehru passed away belonged to this state ?

67. The state associated with Samajwadi

leader, Ram manohar lohia ?
68. The state to which former C.M. S.
Nijalingappa belonged ?

69. The state where DMK came to power in

1967 assembly elections ?

70. Naxalites are very active in this state ?

71. A state where congress party could not

win even a single seat in the lok sabha
elections of 1977 ?

72. The state where congress only won a

single seat in 1977 lok sabha elections ?

73. The state where Morarji Desai launched

Student’s movement in 1974-75 ?

74. The state to which former P.M. Choudhary

Charan Singh belonged ?
75. The state related to the first health
minister of Independent India ?

76. The state related to the first

communication minister of Independent
India?

77. The state to which founder of Bhartiya

Jana Sangh belonged ?

78. The state where Janta Party won all the

lok sabha seats in 1977 lok sabha elections ?

79. The state from where Raj Narain

contested election in 1977 lok sabha
elections ?

80. Sanjay Gandhi lost his constituency seat

in 1977 elections, his constituency camed
under which state ?
81. The state where INC won high number of
the seats in 1977 elections ?

82. The state which was most concerned

with ethnic issues which were happening in
Sri Lanka ?

83. The chairman of 2nd Backward Classes

Commission belonged to which state ?

84. The state with largest number of seats in

its legislative assembly ?

85. The region which is a U.T. now ?

86. The state from where K.B. Sahay lost

election in 1967 ?

87. The state from where S.K. Patil lost

election in 1967 ?
88. The state from where Atulya Ghosh lost
election in 1967 ?

89. The state from where K. kamraj lost

election in 1967 ?

90. The U.T. ( earlier state ) which was not

under the congress rule in 1952 elections ?

91. The state which faced the most acute

food crisis in 1965-67 ?

92. The first state which was created in 1952

?

93. The state formed on the basis of

Imbalanced Development ?

94. The Indian state which shares its border

with china ?
95. The state whose local population is
hostile to Chakma Refugees ?

96. The state which is known as the Brother

of the 7 sisters in the north east region ?

97. The leader who gave the strategy of Non-

Congressism belongs to which state ?

98. Deen dayal upadhyaya belongs to ?

99. The state where congress can’t form

govt. in 1967 elections due to defection ?

100. The state in which the issue of

backward classes became most
controversial ?

101. N. sanjeeva reddy belongs to ?

 Answer key

1. Punjab

2. Uttar Pradesh

3. Andhra Pradesh

4. Mizoram

5. Kerala

6. Manipur

7. Telangana

8. Odisha

9. Haryana

10. Uttar Pradesh

11. Tamil nadu

12. Punjab

13. Tamil nadu

14. Uttar Pradesh

15. Bihar

16. Bihar

17. Delhi

18. Goa

19. Uttar Pradesh

20. Sikkim

21. Nagaland

22. Arunachal Pradesh

23. Punjab

24. Assam
25. Uttar Pradesh

26. Tripura

27. Sikkim

28. Assam

29. Jammu kashmir

30. Tamil nadu

31. Punjab

32. Arunachal Pradesh

33. 2000 ( uttrakhand, chattishgarh,

Jharkhand ), 2014 ( telangana), 1987 ( goa,
Mizoram, arunachal Pradesh), 1975 (Sikkim),
1963 (Nagaland), 1972 (Manipur, Tripura,
Meghalaya)

34. Ladakh

35. Punjab, west Bengal

36. Gujarat

37. Jammu Kashmir

38. Jammu Kashmir

39. Delhi

40. Manipur

41. Telangana

42. Gujarat

43. Himachal Pradesh

44. Ladakh

45. Kerala, tamil nadu, Orissa

46. Kerala

47. Rajasthan

48. Uttar Pradesh

49. Maharashtra, Gujarat

50. Mizoram

51. Himachal Pradesh

52. Andhra Pradesh

53. Uttar Pradesh

54. West Bengal

55. Punjab, west Bengal

56. Gujarat

57. Gujarat

58. Telangana

59. Andhra Pradesh

60. Kerala

61. Kerala
62. Born – UP, Movement – bihar

63. Rajasthan

64. UP, Bihar, West Bengal, Orrisa, Punjab,

Rajasthan, kerala, Tamil Nadu.

65. Punjab

66. Tamil Nadu

67. Uttar Pradesh

68. Karnataka

69. Tamil nadu

70. West Bengal

71. Bihar, uttar Pradesh, delhi, Haryana,

Punjab

72. Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh

73. Gujarat
74. Uttar Pradesh

75. Punjab

76. Uttar Pradesh

77. West Bengal

78. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Himachal

Pradesh

79. Uttar Pradesh

80. Uttar Pradesh

81. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra

Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir, Orissa,
Andaman/Nicobar, Lakswadweep, Assam

82. Tamil nadu

83. Bihar

84. Uttar Pradesh

85. Jammu and Kashmir

86. Bihar

87. Maharashtra

88. West Bengal

89. Tamil nadu

90. Jammu and Kashmir

91. Bihar

92. Andhra Pradesh

93. Jharkhand and chattisgarh

94. Arunachal Pradesh and ladakh

95. Mizoram and arunachal Pradesh

96. Sikkim

97. Uttar Pradesh

98. Uttar Pradesh

99. Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya
Pradesh

100. Bihar

101. Andhra Pradesh

 Important Personalities
(Boxes)

1. Jawaharlal Nehru - UTTAR PRADESH

2. Indira Gandhi – UTTAR PRADESH

3. Acharya narendra dev – UTTAR PRADESH

4. Rafi ahmed kidwai – UTTAR PRADESH

5. Deen dayal upadhaya – UTTAR PRADESH

6. Lal bahadur shashtri – UTTAR PRADESH

7. Ram manohar lohia – UTTAR PRADESH

 8. Jayprakash Narayan – UTTAR PRADESH

9) Charan singh – UTTAR PRADESH

10) C. natarajan annadurai – TAMIL NADU

11) K. kamraj – TAMIL NADU

12) E.V. Ramaswami – TAMIL NADU

13) Rajkumari amrit kaur – PUNJAB

14) Master tara singh – PUNJAB

15) Longowal – PUNJAB

16) Kanshi ram – PUNJAB

17) Shyama Mukherjee – WEST BENGAL

18) P.C. Mahalanobis – WEST BENGAL

19) Sardar patel – GUJARAT

20) Morarji Desai – GUJARAT

21) Potti sriramulu – ANDHRA PRADESH

22) V.V. Giri – ANDHRA PRADESH

23) B.R. Ambedkar – MADHYA PRADESH

24) B.P. Mandal – BIHAR

25) Karpoori Thakur – BIHAR

26) Jagjivan Ram – BIHAR

27) AK Gopalan – KERALA

28) VK Krishna menon – KERALA

29) S. Nijalingappa – KARNATAKA

30) Laldenga – MIZORAM

31) Angami phizu – NAGALAND

32) Kazi dorji khangsarpa – SIKKIM

33) Sheikh Abdullah – JAMMU KASHMIR

34) Rajiv Gandhi – BORN IN MUMBAI

Most Important Questions :-

Chapter – 1 (Challenges of Nation Building)

1.) What were the 3 Challenges India faced

just after Independence ?

2.) What were the main problems in the

partition of India ?

3.) Were the consequences of partition

anticipated? If not so then what were
those consequences and who suffered
the most ?

4.) What were the 3 considerations that

guided the indian govt. approach in the
integration of india? Explain with
Examples.
5.) Which route indian leaders followed for
the better development of newly
independent india at the time of
independence ?

6.) Describe the events that led to the

accession of Hyderabad into the union
of india.

7.) Describe any 3 problems that were

faced during the partition of india.

8.) Describe the process of re-organisation

of states in india after independence.

9.) Describe the 3 problems faced by india

to get the merger of princely states in
india.

10.) Describe the events which led the

merger of Manipur in india.
11.) What was state re-organisation
commission? Why it is was formed ?

12.) Highlight the role of sardar patel in

the integration if india ?

13.) What was Gandhi ji doing on the day

of independence? What was his
sacrifice?
 Chapter-2 (Era of 1 Party
Dominance)

1.) In the 1950s, congress has an all-

inclusive nature. What was it and how
was it linked with congress victory ?

2.) How was the congress dominance in

the 1st few general elections was
different from the one-party dominance
in other countries ?

3.) Write a short note on :-

 Socialist party
 Communist party
 Bhartiya jana sangh

4.) What do you mean when we say that

congress was a Rainbow-like coalition
in the 1st few general elections ?
5.) Why was india’s experiment with
universal adult franchise has been
termed as bold and risky ?

6.) The voting method has changed

considerably since 1950s. highlight the
different methods of voting used at
different times ?

7.) Explain the functioning of congress as

a social coalition /

8.) What do you mean by factions? How

factionalism was one of the reason of
congress dominance /

9.) What were the most important features

for balancing factions ?

10.) What were the few challenges that

election commission of india faced
while conducting the 1st general
elections ?
11.) Elucidate the lok sabha result of 1952
general elections ?

12.) Explain the communist victory of CPI

in kerala in 1957 ?

13.) In the 1st few years after

independence congress was acting as
both ruling and opposition party. Do you
agree? If so, why ?

14.) Explain any 4 reasons for the

dominance of the congress party in the
1st 3 lok sabha general elections.

15.) Why did india’s general elections of

1952 became a landmark in the history
of the democracy all over the world ?
explain.

16.) How was the congress party

transformed into a social coalition of
classes and caste in the 20th century ?
explain.
 Chapter-3 (Planned
Development)

1.) What were the 2 models of modern

development india had on the eve of
independence /.

2.) Point out 2 basic differences between

1st 5 year plan and 2nd 5 year plan.

3.) When and why was planning

commission formed ?

4.) What was Bombay plan and what was

it’s objective ?

5.) What were the 2 main criticism of 2nd 5

year plan ?

6.) Why political contestation was

important for development ? explain
with example of Orissa.
7.) The idea of development is often
associated with western modernisation.
Explain.

8.) Why the local people of Orissa hostile

when govt. wanted to do MoU with the
steel industries ?

9.) Name the architect of 1st 5 year plan

and 2nd 5 year plan.

10.) Why India took plan holiday after 3rd 5

year plan ?

11.) Differentiate between plan and non-

plan budget /

12.) Why planning became a preferred

choice in 1950s and 60s. explain.

13.) What do you mean by the term

Development ? explain few features.
14.) Explain any 2 reasons for the
formation of NITI Aayog in place of
planning commission ?

15.) Highlight any 2 factors that

contributed towards the development of
consensus around the need of planned
development in india ?

16.) Evaluate any 2 functions of NITI

Aayog.

17.) Which model of development did

india choosed after independence and
why ?
 Chapter-4 (India’s External
Relations)

1.) What was nehru’s role in designing

independent india’s foreign policy ?

2.) Explain india-china relations.

3.) India was born in a very trying and

challenging context. Explain the
national and international context of
that time.

4.) What were the 2 developments that

narrowed india- china relations ?

5.) India wasn’t ready to tackle the swift

attack made by chinese army in
October 1962. Support the statement.
6.) Elucidate india’s nuclear policy.

7.) Explain the conflict between china and

Tibet. Mention the indian angle present
in this conflict.

8.) Who proposed the policy of non-

alignment? What do you mean by it ?

9.) Nehru was an ardent advocate of afro-

asian unity. Discuss.

10.) How was the indus river conflict

solved between india and Pakistan ?

11.) What was the Bangladesh crisis of

1971? What was india’s role in it ? why
east Pakistani were demanding
seperate country ?

12.) What was kargil confrontation? How

india responded it ?
13.) India never supports discriminatory
treaties in world affair. Explain with few
examples.

14.) Analyse the role played by india to

settle down Tibetan refugees ?

15.) Suggest few ways to settle down

conflict between india and Pakistan ?

16.) Why did india did not signed NPT and

CTBT ? Explain any 2 reasons.

17.) Highlight any 2 reasons why india

choosed the path of non-alignment ?

18.) The foreign policy of india reflects the

interplay of both internal and external
factors. Explain.

19.) Evaluate the relationship between

india and Pakistan with the help of
examples.
20.) Explain any 2 DPSP that promote
international peace and security.

21.) Describe any 2 consequences of

chinese invasion in 1962 ?

22.) Suggest any 2 measures to improve

indo-china relations.

23.) Why was the period of india’s 1st

nuclear test a difficultn period in it’s
domestic politics ? explain.
 Chapter-5 (Challenges to
and restoration of the
congress system)

1.) 1960s is labelled as a dangerous

decade for india. Support the
statement.

2.) 1967 was a landmark year for the indian

political and electoral system. Explain
with examples.

3.) Describe the strategy of non-

congressism.

4.) After the demise of shastri ji, the

political succession was well agreed
and unanimous among all congress
leaders. Do you agree. if yes/no give
reasons.
5.) What were the 2 challenges india faced
during shastri ji tenure ?

6.) Write a short note on the following

terms –

 Defection
 Samyuktya vidhayak dal
 Syndicate
 Privy purse

7.) Name some of the bold decisions taken

by Indira ji after taking charge as P.M.
of India.

8.) What were some of the important

features of 1967 elections.

9.) The rivalry between Indira and

syndicate was clearly visible at the
time of 1969 presidential elections.
Explain.
10.) Samyuktya vidhayak dal were a
coalition of political parties, often
having different ideologies. Support
with suitable examples.

11.) The verdict of 1971 election proved to

be very dramatic. Explain with
examples.

12.) Was the congress dominance really

restored by Indira ji or it was merely a
re-invention of the congress done by
her. Elucidate.

13.) What proved to be in favour of Indira ji

in 1971 general elections.

14.) Explain any 2 advantages of coalition

governments ?

15.) Highlight any 4 steps taken by Indira

gandhi to remove poverty.
16.) What was the electoral verdict of
1971 elections to lok sabha ?

17.) What do you mean by the phrase Aya

Ram, Gaya Ram ? with whom is it
connected ?

18.) The new congress had something that

its big opponents lacked in the 1971
election. What was it ?

19.) By 1969, congress party suffered a

split. What was the outcome of it ?

20.) What were the 2 challenges Indira

Gandhi faced after the 1967 elections ?

21.) Analyse any 3 reasons responsible for

the split in the congress party ?

22.) Why were the 5th lok sabha elections

happened in 1971 instead of 1972 ?
 Chapter-6 (The Crisis of
Democratic Order

1.) The political crisis was more serious

than constitutional crisis during the
emergency. Elucidate with proper
examples.

2.) Jayprakash Narayan emerged as a

democratic figure during indira’s rule.
Highlight his contribution.

3.) Explain the tussle that was visible

between the judiciary and Indira
Gandhi/parliament during the 1970s.

4.) What were the 4 lessons we got from

the darkest phase of democracy i.e.
emergency ?
5.) Which types of government are severely
punished in a democratic country by
the voters ?

6.) What were the harsh consequences

that the indian democracy and people
suffered during emergency ?

7.) The instances of resistance during

emergency were very rare. Give few
examples where people or organisation
opposed it ?

8.) Explain any 2 reasons for the victory of

congress in the southern states in 1977
general lok abha elections ?

9.) Why is emergency considered to be one

of the most controversial episode in the
indian politics ? analyse any 4 reasons.
10.) Explain any 4 circumstances that led
to protest against congress government
during 1974-75 ?

11.) What were the reasons for student’s

protest in bihar and Gujarat in 1970s ?

12.) Which constitutional amendment was

passed during emergency? Also
highlight what changes were made by
that amendment ?

13.) Write a short note on the Railway

strike of 1974.

14.) What was the economic context of

1971 ?

15.) What was the electoral verdict of

1977 lok sabha general elections ? was
congress punished for its undemocratic
measures by the voters ?
16.) Governments that are seen to be
unstable and quarrelsome are severely
punished by the voters. Support the
statement with the context of janta
government of 1977,

17.) How non-congressism played an

important role in 1977 lok sabha
general elections ? explain.

18.) What was the electoral verdict of the

lok sabha elections conducted in
January 1980 ?

19.) Identify and name any 2 P.M. which

were in power for less than 1 year ?

20.) Why general elections tom lok sabha

in india happened directly in 1977 after
1971 ?

21.) Governments which are undemocratic

are severely punished by the voters.
 Explain with the context of emergency
and its aftermath electoral verdict ?

22.) Highlight any 3 factors responsible for

the downfall of congress in the 1977
elections.
 Chapter-7 (Regional
Aspirations)

1.) India follows the democratic approach

to deal with regional aspirations. What
do you mean by this democratic
approach ?

2.) Explain the external and internal

factors in the Kashmir issue.

3.) Explain the political developments

which happened in Kashmir during 1947
to 2024.

4.) The examples of jammu, Kashmir and

ladakh are the living examples of how a
plural society looks like. Highlight their
geography, culture and political
succession.

5.) What was the Punjab accord ? features.

6.) Explain the importance of regional
parties in strengthening democracy.
Mention examples too.

7.) What was operation blue star and why

it is considered as one of the most
important and controversial operations
till now ?

8.) Explain the main aspects of north-east

region with special focus on their
problems and political issues ?

9.) Indian democracy has succeeded in

balancing regionalism. Support the
statement with proper examples.

10.) Regional imbalance and ignorance are

the seeds provoking the separatist
movements. Do you agree. why ?
11.) The story of mizoram tells how
democratic negotiations can even solve
boiling issues. Elucidate.

12.) What are the lessons that we can

draw from the different examples of
regional aspirations in india ?

13.) Explain the anti-foreigner movement

which happened in assam between
1979-85. Highlight the role of AASU in
those movements.

14.) Describe the events that took place in

skikkim from the time of indias’s
independence to its merge with india ?

15.) Regional aspirations and their

accommodation are an integral part of
india’s democratic politics. Support the
statement with few possible arguments.
16.) Analyse any 2 causes of regional
movements in assam and Mizoram each
?

17.) Access any 2 steps taken by union

government in response of the demands
of autonomy raised in the north-east
region.

18.) In august 2019, article 370 was

removed from the indian constitution.
Highlight any 4 effects of this change.

19.) The best way to respond to regional

aspirations is through democratic
means rather than suppression. Justify
the statement with examples.

20.) Democracy allows the political

expressions of regional aspirations and
does not look them as anti-national.
Justify the statement with proper
examples.
21.) What were the 3 main prolonged
agitations through which DMK made it’s
way in politics ?

22.) What was the anandpur sahib

resolution ? what were the demands
made in it ?

23.) Explain the role of Akali dal in the

politics of Punjab.

24.) Identify any 2 states where the

central government had to face
separatist movements. Also name the
leaders whom led these movements.

25.) How indian government liberated goa

? and what was the issue of joining it in
Maharashtra or making a separate state
? how was it resolved ?

26.) Write a short note on Dravidian mov.?

 Chapter-8 (Recent
Developments in Indian
Politics)

1.) What were the 5 most important

developments which happened in 1980s
?

2.) What were 4 main consensus among all

political parties in the 1980s and 90s ?

3.) What do you mean by the ideology of

hindutva ?

4.) What was the mandal issue ? why was

the mandal commission made ? what
were the few recommendations made
by this commission ?
5.) Explain how unstable the political
equations were in the 1980s and 90s
through the help of few examples.

6.) Highlight the main reason for the

beginning of the Era of Coalitions in
India in 1989 ?

7.) What was Shri Ram Janam Bhoomi

dispute ? what path we followed to
resolve it ? do you think such cases
enrich our democracy and secularism.

8.) Highlight any 3 major developments

that took place in Indian politics during
NDA III and NDA IV ?

9.) Who are OBC’S ? how they became

important in the indian politics since
1980s ? explain.

10.) Name few organisations / political

parties made for dalits, minorities, etc.
11.) Write a short note on – BSP .

12.) Why the NDA III and NDA IV were

called as Surplus Coalition
Governments ?

13.) Describe the electoral verdict of

2004, 2009, 2014, 2019, 2024.

14.) What was the Indira-Sawhney case ?

what judgement supreme court gave in
this particular case ?
 Important dates – book-2
(Indian Politics)

Chapter-1 (Challenges of Nation Building)

1.) 30 January Gandhiji Assassinated

1948

2.) Nov. 1947 Standstill Agreement

With Hyderabad

3.) Sep. 1948 Hyderabad liberated

By Indian Army.

4.) June 1948 1st elections – Manipur

5.) Sep. 1948 Merger Agreement

With Manipur.

6.) 1953 State reorganisation

Commission formed.
7.) 1955 Report of S.R.C.

8.) 1956 State Reorganisation act

9.) 1960 MH + GJ Created

10.) 1966 Punjab Reorganised

11.) 1972 Meghalaya, Manipur,

Tripura – Statehood

12.) 1963 Nagaland – Statehood.

13.) 1987 Mizoram, Arunachal P.

Got Statehood.

14.) 2000 Jharkhand, Chattisgarh,

Uttrakhand – Statehood.

15.) 2 june Telangana – Statehood.

2014
 Chapter-2 (Era of 1 Party Dominance)

1.) 26 nov. 1949 Constitution Adopted

2.) 24 jan. 1950 Constitution Signed

3.) 26 jan. 1950 Constitution in effect

4.) January 1950 ECI set-up

5.) 2004 EVM – all country

6.) 1885 Congress formed

7.) 1948 Socialist Party formed

8.) 1934 Congress S.P. formed

9.) 1951 Bhartiya Jana S. – Form

10.) March 1957 coalition CPI – Kerala

11.) Oct. 1951 - 1st General Elections

Feb. 1952

12.) 1959 CPI Dismissed in Kerala

 Central govt. ( Art.
356 )

Chapter- 3 (Planned Development)

1.) March 1950 Planning Commission

2.) 1944 Bombay plan

3.) Dec. 1951 1st 5 year plan draft

4.) 1951-56 1st 5 year plan

5.) 1956-61 2nd 5 year plan

6.) 1961-66 3rd 5 year plan

7.) 1 Jan. 2015 NITI Aayog Formed

 Chapter-4 (Indias’s External Relations)

1.) 1950 China annexed Tibet

2.) 1959 Dalai Lama – India

3.) 1956 ~ Britain attacked Egypt

Over suez canal issue

~ USSR Invaded Hungary

4.) March 1947 Asian Relations Confere.

5.) 1955 Afro-Asian Conference /

Bandung conference

6.) Sept. 1961 1st Summit – NAM

7.) 29 April 1954 PANCHSHEEL Agreem.

8.) Oct. 1962 Chinese attack – NEFA

9.) 1964 CPI Split – CPI + CPI (M)

10.) 1976 Diplomatic relations

Restored – India+China

11.) Oct. 1947 – 1st Kashmir War

Jan. 1949

12.) 1960 Indus Treaty – India+Pak

13.) April 1965 Pak attacked India

(Rann of Kutch)

14.) Aug – Sep Pak attacked J/K

1965

15.) Jan. 1966 Tashkent Agreement

16.) 1971 Bangladesh Crisis

17.) Aug. 1971 Treaty of peace + Friend

India + USSR
18.) 3 July 1972 Shimla Agreement

19.) May + June Kargil War

1999

20.) Nov. 1962 Department of Defence

Production established

21.) Nov. 1965 Department of Defence

Supplies established

22.) 1966-69 Plan Holiday

23.) 1969-74 4th 5 Year Plan

24.) May 1974 1st Nuclear Test – India

25.) Oct. 1964 Nuclear test – China

26.) 1968 Nuclear NPT Treaty

27.) 1973 Arab – Israel War

28.) May 1998 2nd series of Nuclear

Test by India

Chapter-5 (Challenges to and

restoration of the congress system)

1.) May 1964 Nehru passed away

2.) 1960s Dangerous Decade

3.) 1964-66 Shastri ji P.M.

4.) 10 Jan. 1966 Shastri ji Expired in –

Tashkent

5.) Feb. 1967 ~ 4th General Elections

~ Aya Ram, Gaya Ram

6.) 1969 Presidential Elections

7.) 1970 Amendment to abolish
Privy Purse– didn’t pass
In the lok sabha

8.) Feb. 1971 5th General elections

9.) Dec. 1970 Lok Sabha Dissolved

By Indira Gandhi Govt.

Chapter-6 (The Crisis of

Democratic Order)

1.) 1972-73 Monsoon Failed

2.) Jan. 1974 Gujarat Movements

3.) June 1975 Assembly Elections – GJ

4.) March 1974 Bihar Movements

5.) 1975 People’s March to

Parliament by J.P.

6.) May 1974 Railway Strike

7.) 1973 Keshwananda Bharti

Case + A.N. Ray- C.J.I.

8.) 12 June 1975 Justice Jagmohan Lal

Sinha- Allahabad H.C.
Declare the election of
Indira as Invalid

9.) 24 June 1975 S.C. granted Partial

Stay on H.C. order’s

10.) 25 June 1975 ~ JP Rally in Ramlila

Ground of delhi
~ Emeregency Declare
By Indira Gandhi

11.) 1977-80 Janata Government

 12.) April 1976 S.C. overruled H.C.
Appeal- Habeus Corpus

13.) Jan. 1977 Govt. decided– Elections

14.) March 1977 ~ Removed Emergency

~ General Elections

15.) Jan. 1980 Fresh Lok Sabha Election

Chapter-7 (Regional Aspirations)

1.) 1980s Regional Aspirations

2.) 1953-54 3 Agitations – DMK

3.) Oct. 1947 PAK - Tribal Infiltrators

4.) 21 April 1948 UN Resolution – 3 steps

For the Kashmir issue
5.) March 1948 Sheikh Abdullah- P.M. of
Kashmir

6.) 1953 Sheikh Abdullah dismiss

7.) 1965 Constitutional change -

P.M. term to C.M.

8.) 1974 Indira + Sheikh Agreem.

Sheikh A. – C.M. Again

9.) 1977 Kashmir Assembly elect.

~ National Conference

10.) 1982 Sheikh Abdullah died

11.) 1987 Kashmir Elections

~ congress + N.C. govt.

12.) By 1989 Militant movement in K.

13.) 1996 Kashmir Elections

~ N.C. govt led – Farooq

14.) 2002 Kashmir Elections

~ PDP + CONG Alliance

15.) July 2008 President’s rule-kashmir

16.) Nov – Dec Kashmir Elections

2008

17.) 2009 N.C. + INC coalition gov.

18.) 2014 Kashmir Elections

~ PDP + BJP Alliance

19.) April 2016 Mehbooba mufti – 1st

Woman CM of Kashmir

20.) June 2018 President rule- Kashmir

21.) 5 August Article 370 abolishes by

2019 J/K Reorganisation act

2019

22.) 1920 Akali Dal was formed

23.) 1967, 1977 Akali in power- coalition

24.) 1973 Anandpur Saheb resolu.

25.) 1980 Akali dal govt. dismiss

By central government

26.) June 1984 Operation Blue Star

27.) 31 Oct. 1984 Indira Assassinated

28.) 2005 Former PM Manmohan

Expressed regret over

Anti – sikh violence.

29.) 1984 Lok Sabha elections
~ Rajiv Gandhi PM

30.) July 1985 Punjab Accord

31.) 1992 Punjab Elections

~ only 24% voting

32.) 1997 1st normal election in PJ

After militancy
~ BJP + AKALI (Badal)

33.) 1960 All Party Hill Leader’s

Conference

34.) 1959 Great Famine in Mizo

35.) 1966 MNF – Insurgency

36.) 1986 Peace Agreement- Mizo

~ Rajiv + Laldenga
37.) 1951 Sections of Naga’s
Declared Independence

38.) 1979-85 Assam Movement

39.) 1979 AASU – Campaign

40.) 1985 Assam Accord

~ Rajiv + AASU Leader

41.) 1975 Sikkim- 22nd state India

42.) April 1975 Sikkim Congress pass

Resolution- Merge with

India

43.) Dec. 1961 Goa liberated from

Portugese and became
Part of India

44.) Jan. 1967 Special Opinion Poll Goa

45.) 1987 Goa - Statehood

Chapter-8 (Recent Developments in

the Indian Politics)

1.) 1989 Lok Sabha elections

~ National Front (BJP)

2.) 1991 Mid- Term elections

~ National Front (INC)

3.) 1978 ~ BAMCEF Formed

~ Mandal Commission

4.) 1980 Mandal commission –

gave recommendation

5.) Aug. 1990 Implementation of OBC

Reservation by govt.

6.) 1991 New Economic Policy LPG

7.) May 1991 Rajiv Assassinated

8.) 1990s Era of Coalition govern.

9.) 1996 Lok Sabha elections

~ United Front (INC)

10.) May 1998 Atal Bihari Vajpayee PM

- june 1999

11.) Nov. 1992 S.C. decision – favour of

OBC Reservation

12.) Oct. 1999 NDA Government

To 2004 ~ Vajpayee PM

13.) 1984 BSP Formed

14.) 1980 BJP Formed

15.) 1985 Shah Bano case

16.) 1989, 1991 BSP breakthrough in UP

17.) 1986 Muslim women

(Protection of rights on

Divorce) act passed by

Central government

18.) 1528 Ram Mandir Demolish

~ 3 Dome Structure
Formed

19.) Dec. 1992 3 Dome Sructure

Demolished

20.) 2004, 2009 Lok Sabha Elections

~ UPA government
~ Manhoman PM

21.) 2014, 2019 Lok Sabha Elections

( Modi PM ) ~ NDA Government
~ BJP Clear Majority
22.) Sep. 2013 Modi – PM Candidate by
BJP.

23.) 9 NOV. 2019 SC order construction

Of Ram Mandir at Shri
Ram Janam Bhoomi.
 Cartoon and Picture - Based
Analysis

Chapter-1 (Challenges of Nation

Building)

1.) Hindu + Muslim in Kolkata in 1947 –

marking the end of communal violence.

2.) Indian + Pakistani flag hanging together

3.) Fresh memory of Partition of India

4.) Kolkata, Amritsar and Lahore –

Communal Zones

5.) Signifies – Peace and harmony

1.) PM Nehru speaking from Red fort on 15

August 1947

2.) He was the also the 1st foreign minister

1.) A train full of refugees in 1947

2.) Harsh consequence of partition

3.) Lakhs of people were displaced and

became refugees

4.) Minorites suffered a lot in both the

countries (India and Pakistan)

5.) 80 lakh people migrated

6.) 5 to 10 lakh people died

1.) Gandhi in naokhali (Bangladesh) in 1947

2.) He didn’t celebrated independence day

rather he went to different riot- torn
areas and consoled people and advised
to give up violence.
1.) Shows Sardar patel with Nizam of
Hyderabad

2.) Patel had an historic role in the

intergration of the princely states.

3.) He was also the 1st home minister and

deputy PM of India

4.) Hyderabad wanted to be independent,

however, patel’s diplomacy made it a
part of India.
1.) Left – Maharaja Bodhachandra Singh of

Manipur

2.) Right – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

3.) Reflects the patel’s approach in

merging Manipur with india

4.) Maharaja is sitting on a weak person

who symbolises the innocent people of
Manipur, supressed by the king’s
undemocratic rule.

5.) Shows- relation between people and

6.) Sardar patel is shown asking for a box

from maharaja. This box symbolises the
Manipur’s External affairs,
communication and defence to given to
India.
1.) Reflects the increasing demands of
linguistic states in india duing 1950s
and 60s.

2.) Nehru is shown sitting on the floor,

completely surrounded by different
movements where people are
demanding for the creation of states on
the basis of language.

3.) Example – Vishalandhra Movement,

maha gujerat, etc.
1.) A Political Satire on the formation of
state reorganisation commission.

2.) Genie – symbolises that the issue of

linguistic states has taken a massive
form

3.) Small pot – symbolises the State

Reorganisation Commission and satires
the government inefficiency to deal
with this issue.

4.) Nehru has shown with the SRC pot.

5.) Prevailing doubt whether SRC would be
able to solve the issue of linguistic
issue.

6.) As we later see, the SRC wasn’t much

1.) Shows- Election Committee formed by

the Congress in 1951 to choose party
candidates.
 2.) The member’s of this committee
included- Nehru, Morarji, Rafi Ahmed,
Jagjivan Ram, Rajagopalachari, etc.

3.) A huge crowd – symbolises the large

number of people requesting for the
party’s ticket

4.) Reflects- people’s desire to participate

in the democracy.

Chapter-3 – (Planned Development)

~ No Map / Picture based question from

this chapter as the weightage of this
particular chapter is merely 2 marks.
Chapter-4 (India’s External Relations)

1.) Nehru (India), Nkrumah (Ghana), Naseer

(Egypt), Sukarno (Indonesia), Tito
(Yogoslavia)

2.) These 5 Leaders comprised the NAM

3.) Image from – Meeting of Non – Aligned

nations, New York, October 1960

4.) Nehru always supported non –

alignment and a balance of support.
 Chapter-5 (Challenges to and
Restoration of the Congress System)

1.) Original election symbol of congress

was – A Pair of Bullocks

2.) Shows the changes within the congress

leading to a head – on confrontation in
the 22nd year of Independence.

3.) So, basically in the first part the

bullocks are very peaceful and friendly
 showing the all- invlusive nature of
congress during Nehru.

4.) But later, when the leadership of

congress went to Indira in 1966, there
was a lot of tussle and conflict in
congress between MRs. Gandhi and
syndicate

5.) This eventually led to a split in

congress in 1969 which was the 22nd
year of independence. C(O) and C(R)
1.) After demise of shastri ji, there were 2
competitors for PM Post – Indira and
Morarji.

2.) After doing secret ballot among

congress MP’s, it was decided that
Indira Gandhi would be the next PM.

3.) This cartoon shows the same – Indira

with a trophy of PM and all other senior
congress leaders surrounding her and
clapping for her victory.

4.) Background – Morarji can be seen

running in an angry posture, as he
wasn’t selected for PM Post.

5.) However, despite morarji was very

experienced he wasn’t selected for PM
Post because — syndicate thought that
the inexperience of Indira would make
her dependent on these senior leaders.
1.) Reflects – Alliance building by different
political parties

2.) Shows – Charan singh attempt to build a

United Front Alliance of non -
communist parties, i.e. Right wingh
parties

3.) The man in forefront of cyvle is Charan

Singh, his party was Bhartiya Kranti Dal
(BKL)

4.) The poster besides the road says –

KEEP RIGHT, NO LEFT TURN – suggest
the attempt of making an alliance
 which will only constitute right wing
parties and with NO LEFT TURNS.

1.) Satire on the verdict of the Presidential

Elections of 1969.

2.) The rivalry between Indira VS

Syndicate was visible in this election.

3.) Congress Syndicate supported – N.

Sanjeeva Reddy (then lok sabha
speaker)
4.) Indira supported V.V. Giri (then Vice –
President)

5.) Result – Victory of V.V. Giri ( person

with garland and proud face in the
cartoon )

6.) Indira Gandhi standing beside her

nominee V.V. Giri

7.) The person on knees is – S.

Nijalingappa (then president of
congress + representing syndicate)

8.) The official congress candidate (N.

Sanjeeva Reddy) is shown lying on the
floor marking his defeat in the
presidential elections, 1969.

9.) Congress splited – congress (O) and

congress (R)
1.) Shows – Electoral verdict of 1971 Mid -
term elections and the massive victory
of Indira Gandhi.

2.) Indira’s Congress (R) won – 352 seats

and 44% votes.

3.) Indira Gandhi has been shown as

winner in this cartoon on most of the
constituencies.

4.) Congress (O) is depicted on right as

shocked and shattered
5.) With this Indira’s congress (R) came to
be known as the real congress.

1.) Indira is shown with a huge trophy

signifying the massive support she got
in the 1971 general elections

2.) Inside her trophy, a poor man is shown

begging for better life.

3.) Indira gave the slogan GARIBI HATAO

and hence she got a large share of
 votes from the poor and the
disadvantaged groups.

4.) Therefore, the credit of this massive

victory goes to those poor and needy
people.

1.) In the 1972 State Assembly elections,

Indira’s congress got a huge victory.

2.) However, during this time it was clearly

visible that the persons close to Indira
were usually choosen as CM of different
states by her.
3.) Therefore, A type of puppet CM’s were
being installed by her in different
states.

4.) This cartoon is a political satire

showing indira herself giving new faces
to CM’s of various states.

Chapter-6 (The Crisis of Democratic

Order)
 1.) Reflects- the harsh economic
condition prevailing in the first half
of the 1970s decade.

2.) Monsoon failed + Unemployement +

Corruption + Inflation

1.) Shows- Jayprakash Narayan with the

poster SAVE DEMOCRACY.

2.) JP agreed to participate in bihar

movements and wanted to make it a
nation wide protest
3.) Reason of movement against
government - Corruption, Violence,
Inflation, Unemployement,
Lawlessness.

4.) However, the government and its

official thought JP and other protestors
just wanted to create chaos, and to
disturb the law and order of the
country.

5.) During this time, JP emerged as a

democratic figure against Indira’s
undemocratic rule.
1.) Captures the sense of impending
political crisis during 1974-75

2.) Allahabad H.C. had declared Indira’s

election to her seat as invalid

3.) Later, S.C. on 24 june 1975 granted

conditional stay order to Indira until
next hearing.

4.) In this cartoon, Indira is shown sitting

in an ocean signifying that she was
 surrounded all over by this political
crisis.

5.) However, Indira Gandhi still don’t

wanted to leave the PM Chair and was
in dilemma that people supported her.

6.) The man behind the chair was the then

congress president -- D.K. Barooah.

7.) Also highlights the unlawful and

undemocratic Indira’s rule in the first
half decade of 1970s.
1.) Impression of the 1977 Lok Sabha
elections.

2.) Janata party + allies = 330 seats/543

Congress = 154 seats/543

3.) In this election, Indian voters punished

Indira’s Congress for its undemocratic
rule and unlawful Emergency.

4.) The man felt on the floor symbolises

congress and its undemocratic
 weapons like – Emergency, MISA,
Censorship and the 42nd amendment act

5.) National Emergency – Article 352

Imposed on – 25 JUNE, 1975

6.) Press censorship done

7.) 42nd Amendment passed during

Emergency

8.) The crowd standing with common man

includes – Jagjivan Ram, Morarji Desai,
Atal Bihari Vajpaye and Charan Singh.

9.) 1977 – 80 = Janata Party Government.

1.) Political Satire on the unstability and
inefficiency of the janata government
between 1977-80

2.) PM – Morarji Desai (28 Months)

PM – Charan Singh (4 Months)

3.) Shows - Common man asking Morarji

Desai (PM) -- What About your election
promises to bring stability and all ?

4.) Problems during janata government –

Violence, Unstability, Party Fighting,
etc.
1.) Indira can be seen with the poster – I
toppled the Janata government.

2.) Janata Party lost it’s majority and fresh

lok sabha elections happened in
January 1980

3.) Reflects -- unstability and the fight in

the internal factionalism in the Janata
govt. was itself a main reason why it
lost power.
1.) Shows -- Non–congressism with
unstable government.

2.) Different factions of janata party trying

hard to be together under one umbrella,
despite having so much internal fights.

3.) One umbrella here refers to the –

Janata Party.

4.) Consequence, In 1980 -- Janata party

lost power. Hence, unstable govt. are
severely punished by the voters.
1.) Massive electoral victory of Indira in
1980 elections.

2.) Congress got = 353 seats

3.) All the opposition parties got harsh

defeat and hence, has been shown lying
in the dustbin.

4.) Indira Gandhi again became the PM in

1980.
 Chapter-7 (Regional Aspirations)

No Cartoon or Picture Based

Question is present in this chapter

Chapter-8 (Recent Developments in

Indian Politics)

1.) Since 1990s, Indian politics had been

like a roller coaster ride full of ups and
down
2.) Riding the roller coaster are – Rajiv
Gandhi, V.P. Singh (Mandal issue), Lal
Krishna Advani (Rath Yatra),
Chandrashekhar, Jyoti Basu, etc.

3.) In the lower side of the ride, some

burning issues of that time have been
depicted like – J/K, Prices, Reservation

1.) 1991 was the phase when India

initiated New Economic Policy/ LPG
Policy
2.) Cartoon shows – Manmohan singh (then
Finance Minister) with Narshimha Rao
(then PM)

3.) Consensus among all political parties

regarding this new economic policy.

1.) National Front Coalition came to power

in 1989 after the lok sabha general
elections, 1989.

2.) It was supported by BJP and Left

Parties from outside.
3.) This National Front Govt. was headed
by V.P. Singh (then PM).

4.) The cartoon satirise the role of BJP and

Left Parties in this coaltion.

5.) Formally, they were just merely

supporting National Front from outside

6.) But practically, It was all visible that

BJP and Left were completely
controlling this govt. and the PM V.P.
Singh became a puppet of them.

7.) The left is here represented by – Jyoti

8.) BJP is here represented by – Lal

Krishna Advani

9.) The person hanging by strings is – V.P.

Singh (then PM + Head of National F.)
1.) Depicts the change from – One Party
Dominance in 1971 to Multi – Party
Alliance system in 1999.

2.) In 1971, congress was dominating and

other national and regional parties
were not properly represented in our
parliament.

3.) In 1999, things were different – because

no political parties were getting clear
majority, They were compelled to form
alliances with different parties, to form
coalition government.
4.) This started an era of coalition
governments and initiated multi – party
system in India.

5.) Multi – party system gave proper

respect and representation to many
other national and regional political
parties, besides congress.