MIDTERM HAND-OUTS EXAM| WORLD HISTORY 23.

​ The Hieroglyphics script was used by the Egyptians fr

official inscriptions.
1.​ THE LIBRARY OF ALEXANDRIA -is a center for
knowledge and learning during the Hellenistic Age and 24.​ Hatshepsut was the first female pharaoh of Egypt.
was located in Alexandria, Egypt
25.​ The Phoenicians were famous for their alphabet and
2.​ INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURE- the significant trade.
development that marked the transition from the
Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age. 26.​ The Chaldeans were also known as New Babylonians.

3.​ The Indus-Valley Civilization was located in INDIA AND 27.​ Sparta was known for its military-oriented society.
PAKISTAN.
28.​ The Greek philosopher who is known as the "Father of
4.​ CUNEIFORM - is the earliest known form of writing Western Philosophy" and encouraged questioning
developed by the Sumerians. everything was Socrates.

5.​ The pharaoh in Egypt was considered A GOD-KING. 29.​ The primary way early humans acquired food during the
Paleolithic Age was through hunting and gathering.
6.​ The Aryans settled in India.
30.​ The term "Neolithic" means New Stone Age.
7.​ The Royal Road was a major road that connected the
Persian Empire. 31.​ The ancient Sumerians are credited with developing the
first known writing system called Cuneiform
8.​ Democracy was a type of government Athens developed
that became a model for future societies. 32.​ Mesopotamia is located between Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers.
9.​ Paleolithic Age - was known as the earliest period of
human history. 33.​ Theocracy was a type of government that most
Mesopotamian city-states have.
10.​ The existence of cities was one of the main features of
early civilizations. 34.​ The Egyptians traded papyrus, gold, and grain mainly
with Mesopotamians and Nubians.
11.​ The construction of pyramids in ancient Egypt was
primarily meant to house the tombs of pharaohs. 35.​ The Hebrews were the first known people to practice
monotheism.
12.​ The Mesopotamians build ziggurats which were
step-pyramids used as temples. 36.​ Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire.

13.​ The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the earliest known works 37.​ In Greek city-states, the agora was a marketplace and
of literature. public meeting space.

14.​ The Egyptian belief in "ka" and mummification showed 38.​ moving from place to place in search of food - best
their belief in an afterlife. describes a nomadic lifestyle

15.​ The Rosetta Stone helped scholars translate 39.​ Cows- one of the earliest domesticated animals.
hieroglyphics.
40.​ Mesopotamia -the earliest known civilization in the
16.​ The Assyrians were known for advanced military world.
technology.
41.​ Early farmers during the Neolithic period primarily grew
17.​ Athens and Sparta - were the two most powerful wheat and barley
city-states in ancient Greece.
42.​ The development of writing in early civilizations was
18.​ The Parthenon in Athens was built in honor of Athena, a primarily used for keeping records and laws
Greek goddess.
43.​ The natural factor that often led to conflicts between
19.​ The Neolithic Revolution refers to the shift from Mesopotamian city-states was competition for fertile land
hunter-gathering to farming. and water

20.​ The two rivers that were essential to the development of 44.​ Thebes was the capital of the New Kingdom
Mesopotamian civilization are Tigris and Euphrates
rivers. 45.​ The Lydians were the first to invent coins.

21.​ Ur was the first known major city-state in Mesopotamia. 46.​ The Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II is famous for
the Hanging Gardens.
22.​ The Sumerians were credited with inventing the wheel.
47.​ Nebuchadnezzar

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 48.​ Homer was the epic poet who wrote the Iliad and the To minimize conflict while maintaining progress, several changes
Odyssey. are necessary:

49.​ Introduction of agriculture was the significant 1.​ Education for Empathy and Critical Thinking – If
development that marked the transition from the future generations grow up understanding different
Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age. perspectives and thinking critically about propaganda or
hate, we could prevent many conflicts before they even
50.​ The Egyptian civilization was developed along the Nile begin.​
River.
2.​ Equitable Access to Resources – Most wars stem from
51.​ The Akkadian Empire , the first known empire in history, inequality and scarcity. Sharing technology, healthcare,
was founded by Sargon the Great. and sustainable practices could reduce tensions between
rich and poor nations.​
52.​ The construction of pyramids primarily served as tombs
for pharaohs 3.​ Responsible Leadership and Governance – Peace
cannot be sustained if leaders promote division. We need
53.​ The main purpose of the Egyptian Book of the Dead was accountable, ethical leaders who are not driven solely by
to guide the deceased in the afterlife personal gain or power.​
54.​ Alexander the Great was the one responsible for 4.​ Cultural Respect and Dialogue – Promoting
spreading Greek culture across Asia, Egypt, and the intercultural understanding instead of fear or prejudice
Near East during the Hellenistic Age. can help bridge gaps between people of different beliefs
and backgrounds.​
55.​ Stone- hand axes was one of the earliest tools used by
prehistoric humans. 5.​ Climate and Environmental Responsibility – As
climate change worsens, conflicts over food, water, and
56.​ The early Chinese civilization was developed along the land are likely to grow. Global cooperation to protect our
Huang He (Yellow River). environment is key to long-term peace.​
57.​ The Hellenistic Age refers to the period after Alexander
the Great's death when Greek culture mixed with
Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences. In conclusion, complete peace may be a challenge, but building a
more peaceful and prosperous world is possible—if humanity
58.​ The Egyptian civilization was centered around the Nile chooses cooperation over competition and empathy over ego. We
river. can’t change the past, but we can learn from it to shape a better
future.
59.​ The Indus Valley civilization was located in present-day
India and Pakistan. Here is a 60-item multiple-choice questionnaire based entirely
on your module content:
60.​ The development of permanent settlements was a result
of the Neolithic Revolution. 1. Where was the Library of Alexandria located?
A. Rome
Essay: B. Athens
C. Alexandria, Egypt
Reflect on this statement and when you answer it, it should be D. Babylon
based on your own thoughts and opinion based on reality. The
Future of Civilization: Based on historical patterns do you think Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It was a major center for knowledge during the Hellenistic
future civilizations will ever achieve lasting peace and prosperity?
Age.
What changes would be necessary to minimize conflicts while
maintaining progress? 2. What marked the transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic
Age?
Reflective Answer: A. Use of fire
B. Invention of the wheel
Based on historical patterns, I believe achieving absolute lasting C. Introduction of agriculture
peace and prosperity for all civilizations might remain an ideal D. Discovery of metals
more than a reality—at least in the near future. History has shown
us that human nature is complex. Greed, power struggles, cultural Correct Answer: C
differences, and resource competition have repeatedly triggered Explanation: Farming began during the Neolithic period.
conflict. Empires have risen and fallen, and while each era brings
progress in knowledge, technology, and human rights, it also 3. Where was the Indus Valley Civilization located?
brings new forms of tension and division. A. Iran
B. India and Pakistan
However, I don’t think that means we’re hopeless. Humanity has C. China
also shown its capacity to learn, adapt, and build systems that D. Iraq
promote peace. Institutions like the United Nations, global trade
agreements, and humanitarian organizations are examples of Correct Answer: B
collective efforts toward peaceful coexistence. Explanation: It developed along the Indus River in South Asia.
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4. What is the earliest known form of writing? 11. What was the main purpose of pyramids in Egypt?
A. Hieroglyphics A. Temples
B. Sanskrit B. Palaces
C. Cuneiform C. Tombs for pharaohs
D. Latin D. Storage units

Correct Answer: C Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Developed by the Sumerians. Explanation: Pyramids housed pharaohs' remains.

5. What was the status of the pharaoh in ancient Egypt? 12. What were ziggurats used for in Mesopotamia?
A. Warrior king A. Prisons
B. Chief priest B. Granaries
C. God-king C. Temples
D. Tribal leader D. Markets

Correct Answer: C Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Pharaohs were seen as divine rulers. Explanation: Ziggurats were temple structures.

6. Where did the Aryans settle? 13. What is considered one of the first works of literature?
A. Egypt A. Book of the Dead
B. Persia B. Iliad
C. China C. The Epic of Gilgamesh
D. India D. Analects

Correct Answer: D Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Aryans migrated and settled in India. Explanation: Written in ancient Mesopotamia.
14. What did mummification show about Egyptian beliefs?
7. What was the Royal Road? A. Worship of animals
A. A palace in the Persian Empire​ B. Fear of death
B. A river in Persia​ C. Belief in the afterlife and “ka”
C. A major road that connected the Persian Empire​ D. Hatred of decay
D. A mountain range in ancient Persia

Correct Answer: C. A major road that connected the Persian Empire Correct Answer: C
Explanation: According to the sentence, the Royal Road was a major road Explanation: It preserved the body for the afterlife.
that connected the Persian Empire.
15. What tool helped scholars translate Egyptian hieroglyphics?
8. What type of government did Athens develop? A. Pyramid texts
A. Monarchy B. Papyrus scrolls
B. Theocracy C. Rosetta Stone
C. Democracy D. Dead Sea Scrolls
D. Oligarchy
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer: C Explanation: It had translations in three scripts.
Explanation: Athens is known as the birthplace of democracy.
16. What were the Assyrians known for?
9. What is the Paleolithic Age known for? A. Literature
A. Farming B. Trade
B. Writing C. Military technology
C. Tool-making and hunting D. Farming
D. Bronze use
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer: C Explanation: They had advanced warfare tools.
Explanation: It was the earliest period of human history.
17. Which two were the most powerful Greek city-states?
10. What is a major feature of early civilizations? A. Rome and Carthage
A. Farming B. Sparta and Thebes
B. Cities C. Athens and Sparta
C. Writing D. Delphi and Corinth
D. Money
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Known for their rivalry.
Explanation: Urban centers were key characteristics.

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18. What was the Parthenon built for? C. Farming
A. Zeus D. Law codes
B. Hera
C. Apollo Correct Answer: B
D. Athena Explanation: Their alphabet influenced modern scripts.

Correct Answer: D 26. What is another name for the Chaldeans?

Explanation: Athena was the patron goddess of Athens. A. Old Babylonians
B. Sumerians
19. What does the Neolithic Revolution refer to? C. New Babylonians
A. Domestication of animals D. Phoenicians
B. Discovery of tools
C. Shift to farming Correct Answer: C
D. Use of bronze Explanation: The Chaldeans revived Babylon.

Correct Answer: C 27. What was Sparta known for?

Explanation: Agriculture changed human life from hunting-gathering A. Trade
B. Art
20. Which rivers supported Mesopotamian civilization? C. Literature
A. Nile and Jordan D. Military - oriented
B. Tigris and Euphrates Correct Answer: D
C. Ganges and Indus Explanation: Spartan society was centered on military training.
D. Amazon and Orinoco
28. Who was the “Father of Western Philosophy”?
Correct Answer: B A. Plato
Explanation: Located between the Tigris and Euphrates. B. Aristotle
C. Socrates
21. What was the first known major city-state in Mesopotamia? D. Pythagoras
A. Uruk
B. Babylon Correct Answer: C
C. Nineveh Explanation: Socrates encouraged questioning and critical thinking.
D. Ur
29. How did Paleolithic people get food?
Correct Answer: D A. Agriculture
Explanation: One of the earliest cities. B. Mining
C. Hunting and gathering
22. What invention are the Sumerians credited with? D. Trade
A. Paper
B. The wheel Correct Answer: C
C. Printing Explanation: They relied on nature for sustenance.
D. Steel
30. What does “Neolithic” mean?
Correct Answer: B A. Old age
Explanation: It helped in transport and pottery. B. Fire age
C. New Stone Age
23. What script did Egyptians use for official inscriptions? D. Bronze Age
A. Cuneiform
B. Latin Correct Answer: C
C. Hieroglyphics Explanation: It followed the Paleolithic period.
D. Greek
31. What was the first known writing system?
Correct Answer: C A. Latin
Explanation: Used in tombs and monuments. B. Hieroglyphics
C. Sanskrit
24. Who was the first female pharaoh? D. Cuneiform
A. Cleopatra
B. Nefertiti Correct Answer: D
C. Hatshepsut Explanation: Invented by the Sumerians.
D. Isis
32. Where is Mesopotamia located?
Correct Answer: C A. India
Explanation: She ruled during the New Kingdom. B. China
C. Between Tigris and Euphrates
25. What were the Phoenicians known for? D. Nile Delta
A. Pottery
B. Alphabet and trade Correct Answer: C

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Explanation: "Mesopotamia" means "between rivers." A. Egypt
B. China
33. What kind of government did Mesopotamian cities have? C. Indus
A. Democracy D. Mesopotamia
B. Theocracy
C. Republic Correct Answer: D
D. Oligarchy Explanation: It developed between two rivers.

Correct Answer: B 41. What crops did Neolithic farmers grow?

Explanation: Rule was based on divine authority. A. Corn and rice
B. Wheat and barley
34. With whom did Egyptians trade? C. Soybeans
A. Hebrews and Romans D. Millet and oats
B. Nubians and Mesopotamians
C. Greeks and Indus people Correct Answer: B
D. Assyrians and Persians Explanation: Basic crops for early farmers.

Correct Answer: B 42. What was writing used for in early civilizations?
Explanation: Traded goods like gold and papyrus. A. Entertainment
B. Record keeping and laws
35. Who first practiced monotheism? C. Novels
A. Egyptians D. Rituals
B. Greeks
C. Hebrews Correct Answer: B
D. Persians Explanation: To manage economies and religion.

Correct Answer: C 43. What led to conflicts in Mesopotamia?

Explanation: Hebrews worshiped one God. A. Religion
B. Money
36. Who founded the Persian Empire? C. Fertile land and water
A. Darius D. Slavery
B. Xerxes
C. Cyrus the Great Correct Answer: C
D. Hammurabi Explanation: Resources were scarce and vital.

Correct Answer: C 44. What was the capital of Egypt’s New Kingdom?
Explanation: United Persian tribes under one rule. A. Memphis
B. Thebes
37. What was the agora in Greek city-states? C. Cairo
A. Temple D. Giza
B. Marketplace
C. School Correct Answer: B
D. Arena Explanation: It became the cultural center.

Correct Answer: B 45. Who invented coins?

Explanation: It was the center of public life. A. Persians
B. Greeks
38. What best describes a nomadic lifestyle? C. Lydians
A. Settled farming D. Egyptians
B. Moving from place to place
C. Permanent cities Correct Answer: C
D. Trade-based society Explanation: First to use standardized money.

Correct Answer: B 46. Which king is associated with the Hanging Gardens?
Explanation: Nomads moved in search for food A. Hammurabi
B. Darius
39. What was among the first domesticated animals? C. Nebuchadnezzar II
A. Horse D. Sargon
B. Cows
C. Dogs Correct Answer: C
D. Goats Explanation: Built one of the ancient wonders.

Correct Answer: B 47. What empire did Nebuchadnezzar rule?

Explanation: Domesticated for milk and farming. A. Akkadian
B. Sumerian
40. What is the earliest known civilization? C. New Babylonian

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D. Persian Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Spread across Asia, Egypt, and Near Easr
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He restored Babylon's power. 55. What tool did prehistoric humans first use?
A. Bronze swords
48. Who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey? B. Iron sickles
A. Hesiod C. Stone hand axes
B. Homer D. Wooden spears
C. Virgil
D. Plato Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Basic cutting and hunting tools.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Two famous Greek epics. 56. Where did early Chinese civilization develop?
A. Ganges
49. What major change defined the Neolithic Age? B. Yangtze
A. Use of iron C. Mekong
B. Writing D. Huang He
C. Agriculture
D. Trade Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Also called the Yellow River.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Agriculture allowed permanent life. 57. What does the Hellenistic Age refer to?
A. Prehistoric times
50. Where did Egyptian civilization develop? B. Rise of Rome
A. Euphrates C. Mixing of Greek and Eastern cultures
B. Jordan D. Fall of Athens
C. Nile River
D. Amazon Correct Answer: C
Explanation: After Alexander’s conquests. Eastern Cultures like Persian,
Correct Answer: C Egyptian and Indian
Explanation: The Nile was Egypt's lifeline.
58. What river was central to Egyptian life?
51. Who founded the Akkadian Empire? A. Tigris
A. Hammurabi B. Nile
B. Nebuchadnezzar C. Ganges
C. Sargon the Great D. Euphrates
D. Darius
Correct Answer: B
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Enabled farming and trade.
Explanation: He united Mesopotamian city-states.
59. Where was the Indus Valley Civilization?
52. What was the main function of Egyptian pyramids? A. Mesopotamia
A. Worship B. China
B. Food storage C. Present-day India and Pakistan
C. Tombs D. Greece
D. Markets
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Along the Indus River.
Explanation: They housed deceased pharaohs.
60. What was a result of the Neolithic Revolution?
53. What is the Egyptian Book of the Dead for? A. Increased nomadism
A. Reading B. Rise of empires
B. Law C. Permanent settlements
C. Religious education D. Collapse of cities
D. Guide to the afterlife
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer: D Explanation: People began living in one place.
Explanation: Helped souls navigate the underworld.

54. Who spread Greek culture during the Hellenistic Age?

A. Plato
B. Socrates
C. Alexander the Great
D. Pericles