Vocabulary and grammar review Uni~ 1

Vocabulary Grammar
0 Complete these sentences with the correct form of €) Complete these sentences with the correct form of
problem , trouble, affect or effect. the adjective or adverb in brackets.
1 I hope my visit won't cause you too much 1 People who are ready to change their views
tro'JA.ble. . often find it e..~s'er (easy) to adapt to a new
2 Studying at a foreign university will greatly culture.
the way you see the world. 2 You will learn the language much
3 If you a re not careful about money, you ca n get (quickly) if you share accommodation with
into a lot of financially. people from the country - in other words, it will
4 Investigators are carrying out research into the save you a lot of time.
of culture shock on overseas students. 3 Many students are attracted to this university
5 Some students have had many adapting because it has the reputation of being the one
to our very different lifestyle. with the (good) teachers.
6 New technologies have had a n enormous 4 I think this is the (complicated)
on the way we interact. language I h ave ever tried to study; I really don't
know if I'm making progress.
6 Study the graph below and complete these 5 You'll find the film much (funny) if you
sentences with percent or percentage. Then decide
watch it in the original version.
if the sentences are true (T) or false (F) according
6 Many overseas students find understanding
to the graph. Correct the false ones.
other students a (big) problem than
1 Sixty-five .pe..rce.-xt of overseas workers in understanding their teachers.
Germany lea rn to speak German. 7 The (successful) students are not always
F~lse : 1 57. the ones with the best brains .
2 The of workers from abroad who learn 8 Many people prefer travelling by train because
to speak English is lowest in the United Sta tes. they th ink it is (safe) than travelling by
3 Workers from other countries who lea rn to plane.
speak English in the UK and the USA are 18 and
15 respectively.
4 Belgium has the third highest of
overseas workers learning to speak the
language, with the figure standing at
70 .
Workers from abroad who learn local languages by country (%)
80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% (figures from HSBC Bank International

Expat Explorer Survey 08, Report
r-:-ermany
L Kingdom Three: Expat Expenence)

@ Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 1

Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 2
Vocabulary Grammar
0 Complete these sentences using the correct ~ Circle the correct option in each of these sentences.
form of the word in brackets.
I Can you give me some @Vice)! advices on how
I It must be very hard work being a } etn'll,e.r to stay fit?
(farm). 2 Children need clear information I informations
2 Although pesticides protect plants, they can be about the food they eat.
... (harm) to humans. 3 A balanced diet I Balanced diet consists of plenty
3 Our .. (enjoy) of the meal was spoilt by of fruit and vegetables.
the loud music in the restaurant. 4 Organic farming causes less pollutions I
4 I've done so much exercise at the gym that I'm pollution than traditional farming.
............ (total) exhausted . 5 Some people say that a little knowledges 1
5 Someone told me this soup was very . knowledge can be a dangerous th ing.
(taste), but I don't like the flavour. 6 I go to fast-food shop I fast-food shops as little as
6 The vegetables in our local shop have been possible.
.. (organic) produced. 7 A shift worker can have very stressful lifestyle I a
7 My brother has a really . (health) diet - very stressful lifestyle.
he eats nothing but fried food! 8 More research I researches is needed to make
8 Some people . .. (critic) conventional genetic engin eering safe.
farming methods, but they do produce high 0 Complete the sentences below with the expressions
yields. in the box. Use each expression only once. There
@ Write nouns for each of these adjectives. are two extra expressions that you do not need.
Three adjectives have two possible noun forms. a/an a few amount of deal of few little
many much number of plenty of
adjective noun
developing I d~.V~.fPpr-.~.11t I Only a small Y.<~r-.b~r... R:f consumers buy organic
food.
active 2 2 I can't stan d cooking in . . dirty kitch en.
dangerous 3 3 Everyone needs to spend a .. ...... ..... time
relaxing.
fit 4
4 At the end of the week, I don't have ..... . ......
happy 5 money left to buy food.
5 You need to put a large . fertiliser on
independent 6
young plants.
toxic 7 6 You need free time in order to do your
own cooking.
nutritious 8
7 It's a pity that so . .. people are interested
reliable 9 in reading the labels on food.
accurate 10 .. . . . . . .. . . . ..
. .. . . . .
8 Obviously someone has put a great .. . ...... work
into this mea l - it's delicious!

Voca bulary and grammar review Unit 2 @

Vocabulary and grammar review Uni~ 3
Vocabulary @) Study this graph and complete each sentence
below using a preposition from the box. Two of
0 Complete each of these sentences with the correct the prepositions are used twice.
form of learn, teach, study, know or find out.
Full-time enrolment of students in education
1 Some people ~e.G.I:r:1:t . to speak a new language in Ireland (1980-2010)
faster than others.
2 I'll .. how much the book costs and call
you back.
3 This software is great - it's ........ ...... me how to
pronounce some difficult English sounds.
4 Unfortunately, my brother should have
harder for his exams.
5 My tutor was annoyed because he didn't
why I was late for the lecture.
6 I prefer . in the library, where it's quiet.
7 We haven't .. about phonetics with our
course tutor yet.
8 I was going to tell Mark about the test, but he
already ..
1980 1990 2000 2005-2006 2009-2010
_ ___.._ _ primary level
Grammar - - · - - - secondary level

E) Complete these sentences with the past simple, at between by from 1n of over to
present perfect or present perfect continuous of
the verb in brackets. In some cases, two forms
are possible. The chart shows changes in Irish school enrolment
1 I 0,0-,ve b.e e.1t)e.0-,r1:ti1l (learn) Japanese for two figures 1 . PYe.r ... a 30-year period.
0 2 ......... 1980 and 2010, there were always more
years now.
2 ... .. .. ........ ............... (you decide) which students at primary level than at secondary level.
university to apply for yet? About 550,000 students were studying at primary
3 My favourite author .. . . . (write) level 3 .................. 1980, and this figure remained
his first book ten years ago. stable 4 .......... the next ten-year period. Enrolments
4 Not everyone in my old high school fell 5 .................. 100,000 after that, then rose gradually
........... .... (come from) the local area. 6 ................. 500,000 at the end of the fi rst decade of
5 We .... ........ . (wait) here for half an the 21st century.
hour, but my tutor still hasn't arrived. Enrolments in secondary education fluctuated slightly
6 Maisie . ... .......... . (feel) very nervous during this time period. 7 ..................1980 to 2000, there
before the presentation, but it went well. was an increase 8 ................. .50,000 students, and
7 Since the heavy rains started, my sister numbers reached 350,000. The next five years showed
... . ............ .. ......... (travel) to college by bus. a slight decrease 9 ........... numbers, and since 2005,
8 My neighbour recently confessed that he numbers have remained stable 10 ................ 325,000 .
. . . (never read) a newspaper in Overall, while primary school numbers have fallen
his life! slightly, secondary school enrolments have risen.

@ Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 3

Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 4
Vocabulary Grammar
0 Complete the sentences below with words 8 Complete these sentences with however, although,
connected with the Internet from the box in the on the other hand or even though. In most cases,
correct form. more than one answer is correct.
browse chat download go keep visit I Television advertising is expensive.
1-lowe.ve.r I 011 t{.....e. ot"'-e:-r "'-tA11d , it reaches the
I I brqwse. the Web to look for the information I widest audience.
need for my studies. 2 TV
2 I. with my friends using a social advertisements are often amusing, I don't like
networking site. them when they interrupt films on TV.
3 Although there are millions of websites, most 3 Chen never uses online dictionaries
people just . . .. a few favourites frequently. his teacher
4 Facebook is a great way to in touch with recommends them.
your friends. 4 Printed books have been around for centuries.
5 When I want to buy something, first I , I think they will
online to compare products and prices. become obsolete in the next few years.
6 I films onto my computer because I find 5 Printed books have been around for centuries.
it more convenient than going to the cinema. , electronic books
are relatively new.
6 Complete each of these sentences with the correct
form of cause, factor or reason. 0 Complete this paragraph by writing a, an, the or
I There are several .ftAc;.tors which influence - if you think no article is needed. In some cases,
people when deciding where to go on holiday. more than one answer is possible.
2 The Internet has been the main of the
decline of conventional newspapers. When you join 1 C\ group on 2 social
3 One why young people watch less networking site, you may be revealing more than you
television is that they have less time. want to. 3 experimental website has managed
4 Online advertising is successful for a number to identify 4 names of people who visit it by
of . One is that people can react to it gathering 5 information about 6 groups
instantly. they belong to. 7 ....... website exploits 8 . fact
5 You can only really deal with a problem if you that your web browser keeps a list of 9 . web
understand its addresses you have visited. 10 owners of
6 Advertising is influential, but price will always websites can obtain this information by hiding
be the main influencing your decision 11 list of 12 web addresses in the code
to buy. for their web page. When someone accesses
13 ..... page, their browser will tell 14 . .. website
owner which of 15 ..... . hidden addresses they have
already visited.

Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 4 @

Vocabulary and grammar review Uni~ 5
Vocabulary 3 ... ...... . is a big industry in my country, and
people come here from all over the world. On
0 Complete the sentences below with words the other hand, when our holidays come along,
connected with t he environment, then use the we local people become ourselves a nd
words to complete this crossword. go off to visit other parts of the world .
4 I love to go walking in the country; it ma kes me
feel in harmony with . and the natural
world.

Grammar
€) Rewrite the passage below putting the verbs in
the underlined phrases into the passive. Make
any other necessary changes.
Example: C.o'!Afd ~sptt..~it ~-xd co-xcre.te. e.ve.-xt'!A~£i-lJ
be. re.pf~ce.d b(J soi~r p~-xe.fs?

1 Many animals are now protected as a result of

wildlife conservation pro0r-c:\t~~-i11-.e.s . .
2 We need to reduce the quantity of
gases we release into the atmosphere.
3 Politicians talk a lot about change,
but don't do enough to prevent it.
4 Rising sea may mean that some
islands will disappear.
5 I believe it's time to reduce our dependence on
fuels. Could solar panels eventually replace
6 Solar power and wind power a re two forms of
energy. asphalt and concrete?
7 The ideal situation would be to drive cars with These days, we can find solar panels just about
zero .. everywhere. People have suggested that if we laid
8 Tigers and pandas are species. down a gigantic number of solar panels over a wide
@ Complete each of these sentences with the correct area, they could absorb enough sunlight to power
form of nature, the environment, the countryside, entire cities, effectively ending our energy crisis. The
tourist or tourism. problem is that they would spoil the countryside if we
covered large areas of it with these things.
1 The town I live in is surrounded by beautiful
u ns poilt ~O't!\1\tr~.side. . 0 n the other hand, there is a network of roads all over
2 Governments should do more to protect .... . ... the country, and now they are even manufacturing
by limiting pollution, especially in big cities. cars with solar panels on them. If you put the two
together, you get a unique solution: solar panels on
our highways. This could mean that we could place
the panels along roadways as sound barriers, or an
even more extreme idea -that we will make the road s
themselves out of solar panels.

@ Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 5

adapted from www sc1ence.howstuffworks com
Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 6
Vocabulary Grammar
0 Circle the correct option in each of these €) Complete these sentences with who, which, that,
sentences. whose, what, where, when or why. In some cases,
I The majority of people choose (fOgG]1 going more than one answer is possible.
shopping in large shopping centres. I I believe .tlt\.~At the idea that money makes
2 Many employers will avoid to employ 1 people happy is only partly true.
employing someone who has never h ad a job, 2 It is important to understand motivates
but they will consider to offer I offering work to people to work hard.
someone with a little work experience. 3 Many banks seem to make large profits a nd
3 For people who want to buy I buying clothes, pay low rates of interest, a nd this is the reason
I would recommend them not to do I not doing they are often unpopular.
so online. 4 .. most people dream of is a secure, well-
4 Governments should encourage people to save 1 paid job.
saving money rather than spending it. 5 My parents moved from the town I was
5 I believe that every young person should born to live in the capital w hen I was nine years
consider to work 1 working for a year before old.
going to university. 6 Parents should only give pocket money to
6 Many young people waste a lot of time to play I children help with the housework.
playing online games instead of studying. 7 Students' results are better in countries
7 Some students fail to save I saving enough teachers are well paid.
money, so they are forced to take out I taking 8 Young people need the work experience
out a loan from the bank. will make them attractive to employers.
8 The number of shoppers paying by credit card
seems to be I being rising. e Join these pairs of sentences using who, which,
that, whose, what, where, when or why.
f) Find seven more words and phrases in the grid I Schoolleavers can find jobs. The jobs are badly
connected with banks and banking. You can find paid.
the words horizontally, vertically and diagonally ScV..oo£ 1e.~Avexs CIA11 .ft11d jobs wV..tcV.. /Are. b~Ad£{1
-and in any direction (forwards and backwards). plAtd.
When you have finished, you can read a hidden 2 Some jobs take up too much time. For that
message in the first three lines. reason, students often leave them.
u s The. Y"e.IAS011 ...
I G 0 0 D L c/ /f:/ T K
3 Young people are often in a hurry to go to
N w I T H I A E/ /c'/ /r. N T university. Their pa rents are ambitious for them.
T s T Q I v K/ 1.1/ ;M K u T 4 Students often take a part-time job. The job
helps pay their un iversity fees.
E M T L I N/ VA./ /r. L L 0 p
5 Students work. Students often find this di stracts
R R M N N/ Vr./ Vc F D y c L them from their studies.
Vy 6 Students often find it difficult to find a job near
E K G
~VA/ L R v R c R
their college. They study at the college.
s s M ~~ Q w R E X A v 7 I got my first job at the age of 18. I left school at
T v T p T w K z z D c p the age of 18.
8 I got my first job in a town. My cousin lives in
R D I R E c T D E B I T the town.
A v M R M K N M R R y T
T G 0 v E R D R A F T H
E D c L B R A N c H J w Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 6 @
 Vocabulary and grammar review Uni~ 7
Vocabulary Grammar
0 Complete each conversation below with a word 8 Circle the correct option in each of these
from the box. sentences.
bored concerned 1rr1tating 1 Petra said she'd join us for lunch if she
persuas1ve reassuring upsetting (/fiUs~l would finish her work in time.
2 If you asked people, most of them will said I
A: I cried when I watched the programme about would say that lying is wrong.
the baby gorilla that died. 3 The old woman won't get across the road if
B: I know, it was so 1 ~ps.~t:h1-1 .
0 someone didn't I doesn't help her.
A: I've been worrying about Gina's new job. 4 Harim's changed so much that if I met I will
B: Me too - but it's 2 to know that she's meet him now, I wouldn't recognise him.
getting on well with her colleagues. 5 Research shows that children will disobey an
instruction if they think I thought no one is
A: Whenever I get to the bus stop, one's just left! watching them.
B: That must be really 3 6 In England, people say 'Pardon' if they
A: Telling people that they will save money if they cannot 1 could not hear someone clearly.
buy a more expensive phone makes no sense. 7 If you get on with your colleagues, work is I
B: Mmm, but it's a very 4 . argument. was more enjoyable.
8 I'll tell you what I thi nk, but you might I
A: He's yawning again. would not agree with me.
B: I guess he's 5 . 9 You shouldn't give up the course unless you
A: I'd like to give more money to charity. find I you'll find it too hard.
B: Yes, but you can't be 6 about everyone. 0 Find five other referencing mistakes in this
paragraph and correct them using the words
6 Complete the sentences below about US Facebook in the box.
users using the expressions in the box. You will
need to use some expressions more than once. It ItS etftef they thiS thiS

age age group aged ages the age (s) In every society, people need to build
relationships with another otke.r people. These
1 Facebook is used by people of all v. e.s .. .
2 Just over 50 percent of users are under .
0 relationships can take place at work, school or
home. Wherever it occur, it is important that
of 26. people understand each other. An organisation
3 The 18 to 25 is the largest single group will not function well if their members are
of users. unhappy. Good managers understand the point
4 People between of 26 and 34 make and make sure they reward employees
up the second largest group of users. for good work. In fact, when you take
5 More youngsters . 13 to 17 time to understand what people
use Facebook than people over 44. want and why they want them,
6 Twelve percent of Facebook users 35-44
it is usually possible to solve
14%
are under 17 years of . .. ........ . most problems. These results
7 Ninety-seven percent of users are in a happy environment where
under of55. people progress well.
8 The 55 to 65 represents 18- 25
43%
the smallest category of users.
US Facebook users by age
group (insideFacebook.com)
@ Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 7
Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 8
Vocabulary €) Complete these sentences with dress, dresses, cloth
or clothes.
0 Match the words from the Reading passage on
page 78 (I-8) with a synonym (a-h). I If Marc had more money, he could afford some
new q.fof!Ae.s .
I ability a well known
2 It's formal ... at the party tonight, so I'm
2 famous b garments
going to wear my suit.
3 clothes c new
3 Different textiles are woven into ............. using a
4 extraordinary d connection
machine called a loom.
5 seen e skill
4 There are many different styles of .... for
6 fresh f state
women, to suit a range of different occasions.
7 condition g observed
5 Fortunately, the that was used to make
8 link h unusual
these curtains is fire-resistant.
f) Complete these sentences with words connected 6 The shop sells a variety of hand-made ..... .......
with fashion and design, then use the words to for men and women.
complete the crossword below. 7 Some women prefer to wear skirts and tops to
1 You should wear s.~~r-t clothes to the
8 People can sometimes find it hard to throw away
graduation ceremony.
their old .
2 I've bought some beautiful silk . to make
a shirt.
3 . . often set the trends for young people. Grammar
4 More and more businesswomen are wearing a
to work. () Circle the correct verb in each sentence. Then
5 The school was very expensive. underline the time conjunctions.
6 Are you ... yet? It's time to go out. I When you don't have much money, it @ 1 will be
7 The .. is a traditional Indian garment for hard to afford new clothes.
women. 2 I'm not leaving this shop until I will buy I have
8 Jeans have been . ... for many years. bought something.
3 Sashiko h ad a functional purpose before it has
become 1 became a decorative art form.
4 The textiles are spun into cloth a fter they have
been I were dyed.
5 Woollen fabrics sometimes shrink when you
wash I washed them.
6 It's important to check the quality of a garment
before you will buy I buy it.
7 Until I went to India, I have had I had no idea
how colourful the tradit ional clothes were.
8 When I go 1 have been to the fashion museum,
I'll go shopping.
9 I promise we I we'll go out after the show has
finished.

Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 8 @

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