An Introduction to

the Holy Quran

‫ٰن‬ ۡ ۡ َ
َ ٰ ‫َﺴّﺮ ۡۡﻧَﺎ اﻟۡﻘ ُُﺮۡا‬َّ َ ‫وَ ﻟ ََﻘ ََﺪۡ ﯾ‬
‫ِﻦ ِ ﻣُّّﺪَّّﮐ ِ ٍِﺮ‬
ۡ ‫َﻞ ﻣ‬ َ
ۡ ‫ﻟِ ِﻠﺬِّّﮐ ۡ ِۡﺮ ﻓ ََﮩ‬
And We have certainly made the Qur'an
easy for remembrance, so is there any who
will remember?

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Technical meaning of the Qur’an

The Qur'an is derived from the word "qra’a ‫ "ﻗﺮاء‬which means "recitation"
Etymologically the term Quran simply means 'reading' or 'reciting'. Theologically it
means the Word of God Almighty.
Quran, the Divine Book of Islam, was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (may God bless
him and his Ahl al-Bayt), for the guidance of mankind, for all times to come. The Quran
is the last and final revelation.
 Quran is the Manifesto of
Islam

Islam is the world's only major monotheistic religion that is also

a total political system, complete with rules of law, a system of
government, and an economic infrastructure.

Islam is not the religion of Muhammad, the Messenger of God

(may God bless him). It is the religion of surrender to God's Will
- the surrender implicit in the submission of Abraham (Ibrahim)
and his son Ismael, in the supreme test - the attempted
sacrifice expressed in the word aslama.
REVELATION OF QURA’AN

Quran, the Divine Book of Islam, was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (may God bless
him), for the guidance of mankind, for all times to come. The Quran is the last and final
revelation.
The first Revelation was brought to Prophet Muhammad by the Archangel Gabriel. The
Prophet was 40 years old when this occurred. Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic
calendar, forty years after the Year of the Elephant (570 AD), or thirteen years
before the Hijra (the migration of the Prophet from Makkah to Medina in 622 AD). He
was in the cave of Hira when he received the first Revelation. Hira is a cave on a hill,
three miles north-east of Makkah in Arabia.
The Holy Quran is the Last and Final Word of God Almighty and a
message to all mankind.

It is the most widely read book in the history of mankind;

A source of immense inspiration, guidance and wisdom for millions of

Muslims all over the world.

The Qur’aan was revealed in sections to Prophet Muhammadfrom (s)

the beginning of his Prophet-hood until shortly before his death. Thus,
the Qur’aan came down continuously over a period of about twenty-
three years.

It is the pivotal point of im’aan, faith, and integral to the foundations of an

Islamic society being the basis of its shariah, Islamic legal injunctions and
law.
How Allah communicates to mankind?

ٍ‫و ََﻣ ََﺎ ﻛ ََﺎنَ ﻟ ِِﺒ ََﺸ ََﺮٍ أ ََن ﻳُﻜَُﻠَِّﻤَﻪَ ُ اﻟﻞَّّـهُ إِ ِ َّﻟّﺎ و ََﺣ ْْﻴ ًًﺎ أ َ َْو ﻣِﻦ ِ وَ َر ََاءِ ﺣ ِِﺠ ََﺎب‬
ٌ‫ِﻲِ ﺣَﻜ َ ِِﻴﻢٌ۔‬ َ ‫ِﻞ ِ ر ََﺳ ُُﻮﻟ ًًﺎ ﻓ ََﻴ ُُﻮﺣ‬
ٌّ َ‫ِﻲِ ﺑ ِِﺈ ِ ِْذ ْﻧ ِ ِِﻪ ﻣ ََﺎ ﻳ ََﺸ ََﺎءُ ۚ إِ ِﻧَّ ُّﻪ ﻋَﻠ‬ َ ‫أ َ َْو ﻳ ُُﺮ ْْﺳ‬


It is not fitting for a man that God should
speak to him except by inspiration of from
behind a veil or by the sending of a Messenger
to reveal with God’s permission what God wills:
for He is Most High Most Wise.42:51
 The Holy Qur’an is the continues of Previous books

َ‫ْﻚ ﻛ ََﻤ ََﺎ أ ََو ْْﺣ َ َْﻴ ْﻨ ََﺎ إِ ِﻟ ََﻰٰ ﻧ ُُﻮحٍ و ََاﻟﻨَّّﺒ ِ ِِﻴّﻴﻦَ ﻣِﻦ ِ ﺑَﻌَ ْﺪْ ِِهِ ۚ وَ ََو ْْﺣ َ َْﻴ ْﻨ ََﺎ إِ ِﻟ ََﻰٰ إ ِِﺑ ْْﺮ ََاﻫ ِِﻴﻢَ و ََإ ِِﺳ ْْﻤ ََﺎﻋ ِِﻴﻞَ و ََإ ِِﺳ ْْﺤ ََﺎق‬
َ ْ ‫إِ ِﻧَّّﺎ أ ََو ْْﺣ َ َْﻴ ْﻨ ََﺎ إِ ِﻟ ََﻴ‬
‫و ََﻳَﻌَ ْْﻘ ُُﻮبَ و ََاﻟ ْْﺄ ََﺳْ ْﺒ ََﺎطِ وَﻋَ ِِﻴﺴ ََﻰٰ وَ ََﻳُّّﻮبَ و ََﻳ ُُﻮﻧ ُُﺲَ وَ َﻫ ََﺎر ُُونَ وَ ﺳ ُُﻠ ََﻴ ْْﻤ ََﺎنَ ۚ و ََآﺗ ََﻴْ ْﻨ ََﺎ د ََاو ُُودَ زَ َﺑ ُُﻮر ًًا۔‬

We have sent thee inspiration as We sent it to Noah and the Messengers after
him; We sent inspiration to Abraham Ismail Isaac Jacob and the Tribes to Jesus
Job Jonah Aaron and Solomon and to David We gave the Psalms.4:63.
ُ‫ْﻚ ر ُُوﺣ ًًﺎ ﻣِّﻦْ أ ََﻣ ْْﺮِ ِﻧ ََﺎ ۚ ﻣ ََﺎ ﻛُ ُﻨﺖَ ﺗَﺪَ ْْرِي ِ ﻣ ََﺎ اﻟْﻜْ ِِﺘ ََﺎبُ وَﻟَ ََﺎ اﻟ ْْﺈ ِِﻳﻤ ََﺎن‬ َ ْ ‫وَﻛ َ َ ََٰﺬ َٰﻟَ ِِﻚَ أ ََو ْْﺣ َ َْﻴ ْﻨ ََﺎ إِ ِﻟ ََﻴ‬
ٰ‫ّﻚ ﻟَﺘَ َﻬَ ْﺪْ ِي ِ إِ ِﻟ ََﻰ‬ ْ ‫َلـٰ ٰﻛِﻦ ِ ﺟ ََﻌَﻠَْ ْﻨ ََﺎهُ ﻧ ُُﻮر ًًا ﻧَّّﻬْﺪْ ِي ِ ﺑ ِ ِِﻪ ﻣ ََﻦ ﻧَّّﺸ ََﺎءُ ﻣ‬
َ َّ‫ِﻦ ِ ﻋ ِِﺒ ََﺎدِ ِﻧ ََﺎ ۚ و َ َِإ ِﻧ‬ ََ‫و‬
ٍ‫ﺻ ِِﺮ ََاطٍ ﻣُّّﺴْﺘْ ََﻘ ِِﻴﻢٍ۔‬

And thus have We by Our command sent inspiration to

thee: thou knower not (before) what was Revelation and
what was Faith; but We have made the (Qur’an) a Light
wherewith We guide such of Our servants as We will;
and verily thou dost guide (men) to the Straight Way.
‫
‪Different names of Quran.‬‬

‫‪:‬ﮐﺘﺎب ﷲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪:‬اﻟﺒﺸﺮیٰٰ‪:‬‬

‫ﮬﺪیٰٰ‪: 2:120:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮر‪:4:174 :‬‬
‫‪2:2‬‬ ‫‪17:105‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﺮﮬﺎن‪: 4:17:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪: 2.185 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‪: 25:1:‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
Compilation of the Holy Quran

In the Era of Holy Prophet

Orally preservation and writing of the Quran.
In the Era of rightly guided Caliphs Writing of Quran.
Collection of Quran in the era of Hazrat Abu Bakar.
Collection in the Era of Hazrat Usman.
Punctuating in the era of Hazrat Ali.

 The thirtieth Part is called ‫ اﻟﺠﺰء‬in Arabic, and
‫ ﺳﭙﺎرہ‬or simply ‫ ﭘﺎرہ‬in Persian and Urdu.
The seventh part is called a Manzil.
Divisions of the
Sīpāra )one-fourth, one-half, three quarters(
Qur'an
are also marked in the Arabic copies as ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬,
‫ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ‬and ‫اﻟﺜﻠﺚ‬.
The Quran has 114 chapter )‫(اﻟﺴﻮرۃ‬.
The number of verses 6666.
Many sections of the Qur’aan were generally
revealed to solve the problems which existed
among the Muslim communities in both Makkah
and Madinah.
Since the problems and needs of Makkah
were different from those of Madinah, the
revelations of Makkah and Madinah have
special characteristic of their own.
MAKKI SURAHS
( MAKKI Chapters)
Makki Surahs are defined as all verses and chapters of the
Qura’an which were brought by Jibreelto the Prophet )s( (a.s)
before the Hijrah . These include verses which were
revealed in Ta'a’if as well as those revealed in other areas
outside of Makkah.

Even those verses which were revealed in Arfat, Minah , on

the way to Madinah or during the night of Mi’raj in the
heaven are all called Makki. These Surahs represent the
first stage of Islamic movement in which its fundamentals
were established.
MADANI SURAHS:
( MADNI Chapters)

The verses which were revealed after

the Hijrah outside Madinah even in
Makkah itself at the time of Fatah-i-
Makkah (victory of Makkah) are called
Madani Surahs.
THE FEATURES OF MAKKI SURAHS
1. TAWHEED:
When Islam was first presented to the people of Makkah,
they were in a state of disbelief. They worshipped idols
along with Allah. Thus, the early revelations taught the
people about Allah’s unity (Tawhid) and power over all
things. They told the people that Allah was without
parents, offspring or any partner who shared His powers.
They also pointed out that idols could neither bring good
nor hold back evil.
2. SALAAH (PRAYER):
The early verses called upon the Prophet(s) and his
followers are to make their Salaah regularly. The kuffars
of Makkah had a belief that the home- made gods would
carry their prayers to Allah for them, the early verses
were also aimed at clarifying this misconception.
The verses taught that Salaah should only be made
for and to Allah, and He is the only one who can
answer them
3. THE UNSEEN:

There was no way that human beings could possibly come to

know about the unseen world, the early verses taught them
about its wonders, its mysteries, and its horrors. The verses
described Paradise and its pleasures in order to encourage the
believers to continue to do good deeds and to assure them of a
reward.

They also described the Hell-fire and its torments in order to

encourage the believers to strive to avoid evil deeds. Description
of the fire and its inhabitants also reassured the believers that
those who do wrong in this life will not escape Allaah’s
punishment.
 4. ALLAAH’S EXISTENCE
The early verses presented logical arguments proving Allah’s
existence. Sometimes proofs were taken from nature and the
creatures’ common to the society.
For example:
ِ‫َﺖ۔ۡ وَ اِ ِﻟ ََﯽ اﻟ ۡۡﺠ ِِﺒ ََال‬
ۡ َ ‫َﺖۡ۔ۡ وَ اِ ِﻟ ََﯽ اﻟﺴَّّﻤ ََﺎ ٓٓءِ ﮐ ََﯿ ۡۡﻒَ ر ُُﻓ ِِﻌ‬َ ‫ۡﻒ ﺧ ُُﻠ ِِﻘ‬ ِ ‫ا ََﻓَﻠَ ََﺎ ﯾَ َﻨ ۡۡﻈ ُُﺮ ُُو ۡۡنَ اِ ِﻟ ََﯽ اﻟ ۡۡﺎ ِِﺑ‬
َ ۡ ‫ِﻞ ِ ﮐ ََﯿ‬
ۡ َ ‫َﺖ۔ۡ وَ اِ ِﻟ ََﯽ اﻟ ۡ َۡﺎ َر ۡۡضِ ﮐ ََﯿ ۡۡﻒَ ﺳ ُُﻄ ِِﺤ‬
‫َﺖ ۡ۔‬ َ ۡ ‫ﮐ ََﯿ‬
ۡ َ ‫ۡﻒ ﻧ ُُﺼ ِِﺒ‬
Do they not look at the camels, how they are created. And at
the heaven, how it is raised. And at the mountains, how they
are rooted. And at the earth, how it is outspread. 88:17-20
5. THE PEOPLE OF OLD:
In verses historical examples of earlier civilization Makaki,
like the `Aad and the Thamood are often mentioned in
order to warn those who had rejected the message of
Islaam. The verses spoke about the wonders of the
ancient civilizations.
The blessings of Allah are listed in the Makki verses that
had bestowed on the peoples of those civilizations but
they disobeyed Allaah and denied His blessings. The
verses then described the Allah’s punishment caught
them when they denied them.
6. EEMAAN:
Very few laws were revealed in the Makki verses. Instead, the
verses concentrated on the principles which would build the
Eemaan of the early Muslims. These verses spoke of the
importance of fearing Allaah and being aware of His presence
and knowledge of all things.
The verses were often filled with advice about being patient,
truthful and trustworthy, in order to build the moral spiritual
character of the early Muslims who were in a minority and
under a lot of pressure from Makka society.
7. SHORT VERSES:
The Makkai Surahs usually had short verses, and a very strong
rhythm. These qualities were meant to catch the attention of
listeners who were basically opposed to the message of Islaam.
The verses had to be short because the audience would not
be willing to listen to long, drawn-out statements. As soon as
they heard any of the Qur’aan, they would stick their fingers in
their ears and turn away.
THE FEATURES OF MADANI REVELATIONS
The following are some of the main characteristics of Madani
verses:
1. LAWS:
Once Madina had become the new center of the Islaamic
movement, the Islaamic state was born. The Prophet(s)became
the ruler over the Muslims of Madina, as well as the Jews and
the Arab idol-worshipers who lived there. A constitution was
drawn up and a system of justice was established.
Thus, the verses during the Madina stage contained many
social, economical and spiritual laws which were necessary for
the organization and the development of an Islaamic state.
Zakaah, Sawm, and Hajj were revealed. Likewise, it was during
this period that drinking alcohol, eating swine, and gambling
were all forbidden.
 2. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS OF THE PEOPLE OF THE BOOK:
In Madina, Muslims came in contact with the Jews for the first time. In order to try to shake the beliefs of
the Muslims, the Jews used to ask the Prophet (s) various questions about Allaah, the earlier Prophets,
and the unseen. They asked questions about the origin of the soul and what it was made of. Thus, a
number of Madani verses represented answers to the many questions raised by the Jews.
3. THE MUNAFIQOON:
Thus, the verses of the Madina stage warned the Muslims about the dangers of the Munaafiqoon
(hypocrites) and taught them how to deal effectively with them.
4. JIHAAD:
The right to fight against the enemy was given for the first time in al-Madina. During the Makkah period,
Muslims were forbidden to fight back because the Muslims were a minority It was during the Madani
stage that a series of battles were fought against the forces of disbelief until finally Makkah was
conquered and the whole of the Arabian came under the rule of Islaam.
5. LONG VERSES:
The Madani verses tended to be longer than
those of Makki. In fact, there are a number of
Madani verses which are longer than the whole
Surahs of the Makkah period. The need to catch
the attention of unwilling listeners was no longer
there because Islaam had become strong and its
followers were many. Thus, the audience at this
stage was quite willing to listen attentively to
longer verses teaching the vital laws of Islaam.
 The Unbelievers failed to
produce the like of
Qur’an
The Challenge
of the Qur’an
When the revelations of the Qur’an began, the Most Noble
Messenger clearly proclaimed the Qur’an to be the word
of God, and said it was impossible for any human being to
duplicate it. If anyone disagreed, he ought to make an
attempt to copy it, and should feel free to seek help from
any source in doing so. None was able to take up this
challenge and produce even a short surah similar to the
Qur’an.

The Qur’an issued a challenge not only to the
contemporaries of the Prophet but also to men in all ages.
In order to demonstrate the incapacity and impotence of
people to imitate it, it issued the following universal
proclamation:
THE END
Tawhid Introduction
Tawhid means belief in the oneness of Allah SWT as the central
theme of Islam, which enables men to understand everything that
exists in the universe.
This core belief consists of its various principles, which promote
spiritual and moral enhancement as well as material success.
Tawhidic perception also provides fundamental ideas that all the
creation has been made subject to man with mutual relationship
between Allah SWT, man and the universe.
1
The Concept of Faith(Iman)/Belief
Faith;
Belief;
The root letters ‘im‐n have two closely‐related root meanings:
the first is the faithfulness (amana) that is the opposite of unfaith, meaning the heart’s
assurance; and the other is belief. The two meanings are close.
It is the domain of meaning and cognition, understanding and theology.
A belief system is the doctrinal and intellectual basis of a religion and is generally
defined by the areas of metaphysics and theology.
Here the great ultimate questions are considered:
Some Questions?
Is there any guiding force in the universe?
Is there life after death?
How did the universe and all that is in it come into being?
Is there a reason why life unfolds as it does?
What is the purpose of life?
Is that purpose linked to something beyond the natural world?
• BELIEF ON TAWHID
• The bedrock of Tawhid in Islam is in a beautiful phrase:‫ﻟ ََﺎ اِ ِﻟ ٰ َٰﮧ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ اﻟﻠّٰ ُّﮧُ؛‬
• It is shortly completed in the Kalema
• (There is no god but Allah)
• "This kalimah is the expression of this belief, which differentiates between man and
true Muslim from kafir (disbeliever) or mushrik (one who associates others with God
in His Divinity) or dahriyyah (an atheist)
• The statement Lailaha Illallah carries widest, the greatest and richest meanings in
the whole of Islam. Such as whole belief system, whole value and morality, whole
spirit and matter, whole culture and whole civilization, whole society, whole politics
and whole economy.
• All Prophets have called their people on True Faith Tawhid.
Definition of Tawhid
The Linguistic definition:
It means unification and it comes from the Arabic verb )ََ‫َﺣّﺪ‬
َّ َ ‫ (و‬which itself means to unite,
join , unify combine or consolidate.
The Shari’ah definition:
To submit or to admit the Lordship of Allah and to purify Allah’s names, and attributes
and any deed of creation and not to associate anything with Him.
َ ۡ ‫ِﻦ ِ وَ اﻟ ۡ ِۡﺎ ِﻧ‬
ِ ۡ ‫ۡﺲ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ ﻟ ِِﯿَﻌَ ۡۡﺒُﺪُ ُُو‬
ِ‫ۡن۔‬ َّ ‫وَ ﻣ ََﺎ ﺧَﻠَ ََﻘ ۡۡﺖُ اﻟ ۡۡﺠ‬
And I have not created the Jinn not Mankind except to worship me.51:56
َ ۡ ‫ﻓ ََﺎد ۡۡﻋ ُُﻮا اﻟﻠّٰ َّﮧ ﻣ ُُﺨ ۡۡﻠ ِِﺼ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻦَ ﻟ ََﮧُ اﻟﺪِّّﯾ‬
َ ۡ ‫ۡﻦ وَ ﻟ ََﻮۡ ﮐ ََﺮ ِِہَ اﻟۡ ۡﮑ ٰٰﻔ ِِﺮ ُُو‬
َ‫ۡن۔‬
So call on Allah, making the religion entirely for Him, even if the disbelievers detest(hate
it.40:14
The Kinds of Tawhid
• The term Tawhid is used in reference to Allah, it means the realizing and maintaining
of Allah's unity in all of man's actions which directly or indirectly relate to Him.
• The science of Tawhid has been traditionally divided in three categories.
• It is the belief that Allah is One, without partner in His dominion and His actions called
)‫( اﻟﺮﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬.
• One without similitude ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﮧ‬in His matters and attributes called )‫(اﻷﺳﻤﺎءواﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬.
• One without rival ‫رﻗﯿﺐ‬in His divinity and in worship called)‫(اﻷ ُُﻟﻮﮬ ِِﯿَّّﺔواﻟﻌﺒﺎدۃ‬.
• These three aspects are all hand to hand together.
Tawhid A-L Rububbiyah

This is the belief that Allah is One without partner in His dominion. He is Lord and
sustainer of the universe in all matters of creation, planning and controlling i.e. the
Creator.
Tawhid Al-Ruboobiyah is based the fundamental concept that Allah alone caused all
things to exist . Allah sustains and maintains the creation and He is independent
from His creation.
ٌ‫ِﻖ ِ ﮐ ُُﻞِّ ﺷ ََﯽ ۡۡءٍ ۫ وَّ ﮬ ُُﻮَ ﻋَﻠَ ٰٰﯽ ﮐ ُُﻞِّ ﺷ ََﯽ ۡۡءٍ وَّّﮐ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻞٌ۔‬ ُ ‫اَﻟَﻠّٰ ُّﮧ ﺧ ََاﻟ‬
Allah is the creator of all things and He is the guardian on which all things
depend.39:62
َ ۡ ‫وَ اﻟﻠّٰ ُّﮧ ﺧَﻠَ ََﻘَﮑ َ ُُﻢۡ وَ ﻣ ََﺎ ﺗَﻌَ ۡۡﻤَﻠَ ُُﻮ‬
َ‫ۡن۔‬
Allah created you and whatever you do.37:96
 َ‫ِی ِ ﻓِﯽِ اﻟ ۡۡﺒ ََﺤ ۡ ِۡﺮ ﺑ ِِﻤ ََﺎ ﯾَ َﻨ ۡۡﻔَﻊَ ُ اﻟﻨَّّﺎسَ و‬ ۡ ‫ِﯽِ ﺗ ََﺠ ۡۡﺮ‬ ِ ۡ ‫ِﯽِ ﺧَﻠَ ۡۡﻖِ اﻟﺴَّّﻤ ٰٰﻮ ٰٰتِ وَ اﻟ ۡ َۡﺎ َر ۡۡضِ وَ اﺧ ۡۡﺘِ ِﻠ ََﺎفِ اﻟَّّﯿ ۡۡﻞِ وَ اﻟﻨَّّﮭ ََﺎرِ وَ اﻟ ۡۡﻔ ُُﻠ‬
ۡ ‫ۡﮏ اﻟَّّﺘ‬ ۡ ‫ِن ِ ﻓ‬ َّ ‫ا‬
َ‫ٓبّۃٍ ۪ وَّ ﺗ ََﺼ ۡۡﺮ ِِﯾ ۡۡﻒِ اﻟﺮِّّﯾ ٰٰﺢِ و‬ َّ ٓ ‫ِﻦ ِ ﮐ ُُﻞِّ د ََا‬ َّ َ ‫ِﻦ ِ ﻣَّّﺎ ٓ ٍٓء ﻓ ََﺎ ََﺣ ۡۡﯿ ََﺎ ﺑ ِ ِِﮧ اﻟ ۡ َۡﺎ َر ۡۡضَ ﺑَﻌَ ۡ َۡﺪ ﻣ ََﻮ ۡۡﺗ ِِﮭ ََﺎ وَ ﺑ‬
ۡ ‫َﺚ ﻓ ِِﯿ ۡۡﮭ ََﺎ ﻣ‬ ۡ ‫ِﻦ ِ اﻟﺴَّّﻤ ََﺎ ٓ ِٓء ﻣ‬َ ‫ﻣ ََﺎۤ اَ َﻧ ۡۡﺰ ََلَ اﻟﻠّٰ ُّﮧ ﻣ‬
ٍ ٰ ٰ‫ۡﻦ اﻟﺴَّّﻤ ََﺎ ٓ ِٓء وَ اﻟ ۡ َۡﺎ َر ۡۡضِ ﻟ ََﺎٰﯾ‬
َ َ ۡ ‫ٰﺖ ﻟِّّﻘ ََﻮ ۡ ٍۡم ﯾَّّﻌ ۡ ِۡﻘ ِﻠ ُُﻮ‬
‫ۡن‬ َ ۡ ‫اﻟﺴَّّﺤ ََﺎبِ اﻟ ۡۡﻤ ُُﺴ ََﺨَّ ِّﺮ ﺑ ََﯿ‬
Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth; the alternation of the day and
the night; the ships that sail the sea for the benefit of humanity; the rain sent down
by Allah from the skies, reviving the earth after its death; the scattering of all kinds
of creatures throughout; the shifting of the winds; and the clouds drifting between
the heavens and the earth—˹in all of this˺ are surely signs for people of
understanding.2:164
It means maintain the oneness and unity of lordship.
Allah created the world , mankind and everything before and beyond that.
He is the sole Lord of the universe and its residents without any real challenge to
His sovereignty.
In Arabic the word used to describe this creator-sustainer quality is Rububbiyah,
which is derived from the root)ّّ‫ (رب‬means Lord.
God is the only real power in existence, it is He who gave all things the power to
move and to change.
Every time the Holy prophet PBUH used read this statement;
‫ﻻ ﺣﻮل وﻻ ﻗﻮ ّ َّۃ إﻟ ّّﺎ باﻟﻠّّٰﮧ‬
There is no movement nor power except Allah.
Quranic Verses:
ُ‫اﻟﻠّٰ ُّﮧ ﻟ ََﺎۤ اِ ِﻟ ٰ َٰﮧ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ ﮬ ُُﻮَ ۙ اﻟ ۡۡﺤ ََﯽُّ اﻟ ۡۡﻘ َ َُّﯿّﻮ ۡ ُۡم۔‬
Allah! There is no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him—the Ever-Living, All-
Sustaining.
َ‫ۡﻦ ﯾَﺪَ ََﯾ ۡ ِۡﮧ وَ اَ َﻧ ۡۡﺰ ََلَ اﻟﺘَّّﻮ ۡۡر ٰٰة وَ اﻟ ۡ ِۡﺎ ِﻧ ۡۡﺠ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻞَ۔‬
َ ۡ ‫َﻖ ﻣ ُُﺼَﺪَ ِّّﻗ ًًﺎ ﻟِّّﻤ ََﺎ ﺑ ََﯿ‬ َ ۡ ‫ّل ﻋَﻠَ ََﯿ‬
ِّ َ ‫ۡﮏ اﻟۡ ۡﮑ ِِﺘ ٰٰﺐَ ﺑِ ِاﻟ ۡۡﺤ‬ َ ‫ﻧ َ ََّﺰ‬
He has revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ the Book in truth, confirming what came before
it, as He revealed the Torah and the Gospel.
‫ۡﻢ‬ َ ۡ ‫ِی ِ ﯾ ُُﺼ ََﻮِّّرُﮐُ ُُﻢۡ ﻓِﯽِ اﻟ ۡ َۡﺎ َر ۡۡﺣ ََﺎمِ ﮐ ََﯿ ۡۡﻒَ ﯾ ََﺸ ََﺎ ٓ ُٓء ؕ ﻟ ََﺎۤ اِ ِﻟ ٰ َٰﮧ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ ﮬ ُُﻮَ اﻟ ۡۡﻌ ََﺰ ِِﯾ ۡ ُۡﺰ اﻟ‬
ُ ُ ۡ ‫ۡﺤﮑ َ ِِﯿ‬ ۡ ‫ﮬ ُُﻮَ اﻟَّّﺬ‬
He is the One Who shapes you in the wombs of your mothers as He wills. There is
no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him—the Almighty, All-Wise.
ِ‫ِن ِ اﻟﻠّٰ َّﮧ ﻟ ََﺎ ﯾ ََﺨ ۡۡﻔ ٰٰﯽ ﻋَﻠَ ََﯿ ۡ ِۡﮧ ﺷ ََﯽ ۡۡءٌ ﻓِﯽِ اﻟ ۡ َۡﺎ َر ۡۡضِ وَ ﻟ ََﺎ ﻓِﯽِ اﻟﺴَّّﻤ ََﺎ ٓ ِٓء۔‬ َّ ‫ا‬
Surely nothing on earth or in the heavens is hidden from Allah.
Tawhid A-L Asma wa A-sifat
This is the belief that Allah is one without similitude in His names and attributes.
Allah has 99 names.
There are no any conflict between these names and attribute.
These are used only for Allah.
َ ۡ ‫ۡض ؕ ﻣ ََﻦۡ ذ ََا اﻟَّّﺬِیۡ ِ ﯾ ََﺸ ۡۡﻔَﻊَ ُ ﻋِ ِﻨ‬
‫ۡﺪ َ ۤہ ٗ اِ ِ َّﻟّﺎ‬ ِ ۡ ‫ٰت وَ ﻣ ََﺎ ﻓِﯽِ اﻟ ۡ َۡﺎ َر‬ ِ ٰ ‫ِﻦ ِ َۃٌ وَّ ﻟ ََﺎ ﻧ ََﻮ ۡۡمٌ ؕ ﻟ ََﮧٗ ﻣ ََﺎ ﻓِﯽِ اﻟﺴَّّﻤ ٰٰﻮ‬ َ ‫اَﻟَﻠّّٰﮧُ ﻟ ََۤﺎ اِ ِﻟ ٰ َٰﮧ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ ﮬ ُ ُۚﻮَ اَﻟَ ۡۡﺤ ََﯽُّ اﻟ ۡۡﻘ ََﯿُّّﻮ ۡۡمُ ۬ۚ۬ ﻟ ََﺎ ﺗ ََﺎ ۡۡﺧ ُُﺬُ ُہٗ ﺳ‬
َ‫ٰت وَ اﻟ ۡ َۡﺎ َر ۡۡضَ ۚ و‬ ِ ٰ ‫ُﻢ ۚ وَ ﻟ ََﺎ ﯾ ُُﺤ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻄ ُُﻮ ۡۡنَ ﺑ ِِﺸ ََﯽ ۡ ٍۡء ﻣِّّﻦۡ ﻋِ ِﻠ ۡۡﻤ ِِﮧٖۤ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ ﺑ ِِﻤ ََﺎ ﺷ ََﺎ ٓٓءَ ۚ و ََﺳ ِِﻊَ ﮐ ُُﺮ ۡۡﺳ ِ ُِّﯿّﮧُ اﻟﺴَّّﻤ ٰٰﻮ‬ۡ ُ ‫ۡﻦ ا ََﯾ ۡۡﺪ ِِﯾ ۡۡﮭﻢۡ وَ ﻣ ََﺎ ﺧَﻠَ ۡ َۡﻔ َﮭ‬ َ ۡ ‫َﻢ ﻣ ََﺎ ﺑ ََﯿ‬ُ َ ‫ﺑ ِِﺎ ِِذ ۡۡﻧ ِِﮧٖ ؕ ﯾَﻌَ ۡۡﻠ‬
ُ‫ۡﻢ۔‬ُ ۡ ‫ﻟ ََﺎ یَـُٔو ۡ ُۡد ُہٗ ﺣ ِِﻔ ۡۡﻈُ ُﮭ ُُﻤ ََﺎ ۚ وَ ﮬ ُُﻮَ اﻟ ۡۡﻌَﻠَِﯽُِّ اﻟ ۡۡﻌ ََﻈ ِِﯿ‬
Allah! There is no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him, the Ever-Living, All-Sustaining. Neither
drowsiness nor sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and
whatever is on the earth. Who could possibly intercede with Him without His permission? He
˹fully˺ knows what is ahead of them and what is behind them, but no one can grasp any of His
knowledge—except what He wills ˹to reveal˺. His Seat encompasses the heavens and the
earth, and the preservation of both does not tire Him. For He is the Most High, the
Greatest.(2:255

Tawhid A-L Ebadah

Its means to maintain the unity of Worship is only for Allah.
All kinds of duaas and prayers for only Allah.
There are no partners for Allah in the worship.
َ ۡ ‫ِﻦ ِ وَ اﻟ ۡ ِۡﺎ ِﻧ‬
ِ‫ۡﺲ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ ﻟ ِِﯿَﻌَ ۡۡﺒُﺪُ ُُو ِۡۡن‬ َّ ‫وَ ﻣ ََﺎ ﺧَﻠَ ََﻘ ۡۡﺖُ اﻟ ۡۡﺠ‬
I did not create jinn and humans except to worship Me.
Mushrikoon: it means idolaters, the people who believe idols and worship them.
‫ِك بِ ِاﻟﻠّّٰﻪِ ﻓ ََﻘَﺪَ ْ ﺿ ََﻞَّ ﺿَﻠَ ٰۢ ًٰﻠ ۢ ًﺎ ﺑَﻌَ ِِﯿْﺪْ ًًا‬ ْ َ ‫ وَ ﻣ‬-ُ‫َﻦ ﯾَّّﺸ ََﺂ ؕء‬
ْ ِ ‫َﻦ ﯾُّّﺸ ْْﺮ‬ َ ِ ‫ِن ِ اﻟﻠّّٰﻪَ ﻟ ََﺎ ﯾ ََﻐ ْْﻔ ِِﺮُ ا ََنْ ﯾُّّﺸ ْْﺮَكَ َ ﺑ ِ ِٖﻪ وَ ﯾ ََﻐ ْْﻔ ِِﺮُ ﻣ ََﺎ د ُُو ْْنَ ذ ٰٰﻟ‬
ْ َ ‫ِﻚ ﻟ ِِﻤ‬ َّ ‫ا‬
“Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for
whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly gone far astray‫ﮔﻤﺮاہ‬.
Kuffar: it means disbeliever, the people who don’t believe Allah.
Allah has only right to worship
All loves, fears and trusts only for Allah.
All aspects of Tawhid are hand to hand together
Sura Ikhlas; The purity of faith

َ‫ﻗ ُُﻞْ ﻫ ُُﻮَ اﻟﻠَّّﻪُ أ ََﺣَﺪ‬

Say, “He is Allah, the One.
ُ َ‫اﻟﻠَّّﻪُ اﻟﺼَّّﻤ َُﺪ‬
Allah, the Eternal.
ْ َ‫ِﺪ وَﻟَ ََﻢْ ﻳ ُُﻮﻟ َْﺪ‬
ْ ِ َ‫ﻟ ََﻢْ ﻳَﻠ‬
He begets not, nor was He begotten.
ٌ َ‫ُﻦ ﻟَﻪَ ُ ﻛ ُُﻔ ُُﻮ ًًا أ ََﺣ ٌَﺪ‬
ْ ُ َ ‫وَﻟَ ََﻢْ ﻳَﻜ‬
And there is none comparable to Him.”
Tawhid in Hadith perspective

ٍ ْ ‫َﺚ ﺑ ْْﻦِ ﺳ ُُﻠ ََﻴ‬

َ‫ ﺳ ََﻤ ِِﻌ ََﺎ اﻷ ََﺳ ْْﻮَدَ َ ﺑ ْْﻦ‬،ٍ‫ْﻢ‬ ِ َ ْ‫ و ََاﻷ ََﺷْﻌ‬،ٍٍ‫َﻦ أَ َﺑِﻲِ ﺣ ََﺼ ِِﻴﻦ‬ ْ َ ‫ ﻋ‬،ُُ‫ ﺣَﺪَ َّّﺛَ َﻨ ََﺎ ﺷُﻌُ ْ ْﺒ ََﺔ‬،ٌ‫ ﺣَﺪَ َّّﺛَ َﻨ ََﺎ ﻏُ ُﻨْﺪْ َ َ ٌر‬،ٍٍ‫ﺣَﺪَ َّّﺛَ َﻨ ََﺎ ﻣ ُُﺤ ََﻤَّّﺪُ ﺑ ْْﻦُ ﺑ ََﺸَّّﺎر‬
." ِ‫َﻖ اﻟﻠَّ ِّﻪ ﻋَﻠَ ََﻰ اﻟْﻌْ ِِﺒ ََﺎد‬ ُّ َ ‫ِﻲِ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ " ﻳ ََﺎ ﻣُﻌُ ََﺎذُ أَ َﺗَﺪَ ْْرِي ِ ﻣ ََﺎ ﺣ‬ ُّ ‫ ﻗ ََالَ ﻗ ََالَ اﻟﻨَّّﺒ‬،ٍٍ‫َﻦ ﻣُﻌُ ََﺎذِ ﺑ ْْﻦِ ﺟَ َﺒ ََﻞ‬ ْ َ ‫ ﻋ‬،ٍ‫َل‬ ٍ َ ‫ﻫ ِِﻻ‬
‫ ﻗ ََالَ اﻟﻠَّ ُّﻪ وَ َر ََﺳ ُُﻮﻟ ُ ُُﻪ‬." ِ ْ‫ أَ َﺗَﺪَ ْْرِي ِ ﻣ ََﺎ ﺣ ََﻘُّّﻬ ُُﻢْ ﻋَﻠَ ََﻴْﻪ‬،‫ُ ﻗ ََالَ " أ ََنْ ﻳَﻌَ ْ ْﺒُﺪُ ُُوهُ وَﻻَ ﻳ ُُﺸ ْْﺮ ِِﻛ ُُﻮا ﺑ ِ ِِﻪ ﺷ َ َْﻴ ْﺌ ًًﺎ‬.ُُ‫ﻗ ََالَ اﻟﻠَّّﻪُ وَ َر ََﺳ ُُﻮﻟ ُ ُُﻪ أَﻋَ ْْﻠ ََﻢ‬
." ْ‫ُ ﻗ ََالَ " أ ََنْ ﻻَ ﻳُﻌُ ََﺬِّّﺑَﻬَ ُُﻢ‬.ُُ‫أَﻋَ ْْﻠ ََﻢ‬
Narrated Mu`adh bin Jabal:
The Prophet )‫ (ﷺ‬said, "O Mu`adh! Do you know what Allah's Right upon His slaves is?" I
said, "Allah and His prophet know best." The Prophet )‫ (ﷺ‬said, "To worship Him )Allah(
Alone and to join none in worship with Him )Allah(. Do you know what their right upon
Him is?" I replied, "Allah and His prophet know best." The Prophet )‫ (ﷺ‬said, "Not to
punish them )if they do so( )Sahih Bukhari(
Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:
Allah's prophet said, "Allah will not be merciful to those who are not merciful to
mankind."
 ،ِِ‫ ﻋ ََﻦْ أَ َﺑ ِِﻴﻪ‬،َ‫َﻦ ﺑ ْْﻦِ أَ َﺑِﻲِ ﺻَﻌَ ْْﺼَﻌَ َ ََﺔ‬ ِ َ ‫َﻦ ﺑ ْْﻦِ ﻋَ َﺒْﺪْ ِ اﻟﻠَّّﻪِ ﺑ ْْﻦِ ﻋَ َﺒْﺪْ ِ اﻟﺮَّّﺣ ْْﻤ‬ِ َ ‫َﻦ ﻋَ َﺒْﺪْ ِ اﻟﺮَّّﺣ ْْﻤ‬ ْ َ ‫ ﻋ‬،ٌٌ‫ ﺣَﺪَ َّّﺛَ َﻨِﻲِ ﻣ ََاﻟ ِِﻚ‬،ُُ‫ﺣَﺪَ َّّﺛَ َﻨ ََﺎ إ ِِﺳ ْْﻤ ََﺎﻋ ِِﻴﻞ‬
ِّ ‫َﺢ ﺟ ََﺎءَ إِ ِﻟ ََﻰ اﻟﻨَّّﺒ‬
ِ‫ِﻲ‬ ْ َ ‫ ﻓَﻠَ َ ََّﻤّﺎ أ‬،‫ ﻳ ََﻘ ْ َْﺮ ُ {ﻗ ُُﻞْ ﻫ ُُﻮَ اﻟﻠَّّﻪُ أ ََﺣَﺪَ ٌٌ}ٌ ﻳ ُُﺮَدَ ِّّد ُُﻫ ََﺎ‬،ًًُ‫َﺟﻻ‬
َ َ ‫َﺻ ْﺒ‬ ُ َ ‫ ﺳ ََﻤ ِِﻊَ ر‬،ًًُ‫َﺟﻻ‬ ِّ ‫َﻦ أَ َﺑِﻲِ ﺳَﻌَ ِِﻴﺪٍ اﻟ ْْﺨُﺪُ ْْر‬
ُ َ ‫ أ ََنَّ ر‬،ِّ ‫ِي‬ َْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ َ
ِ ‫ وَﻛ َ ََنَّ اﻟﺮَّّﺟُﻞَ ﻳَﺘَ ََﻘ ََاﻟُّّﻬ ََﺎ ﻓ ََﻘ ََالَ ر ََﺳ ُُﻮلُ اﻟﻠَّّﻪِ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ " و ََاﻟَّّﺬِي‬،ََ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻓ ََﺬَﻛ َ ََﺮَ ﻟَﻪَ ُ ذَﻟَ ِِﻚ‬
." ِ‫ُﺚ اﻟ ْْﻘ ُُﺮ ْْآن‬
َ ُ ‫ِل ِ ﺛ ُُﻠ‬ُ ْ‫ﻧ ََﻔ ْْﺴِﻲِ ﺑ ِِﻴَﺪَ ِِهِ إِ ِ َّﻧّﻬ ََﺎ ﻟَﺘَ َﻌَ ْﺪ‬

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri:

A man heard another man reciting )in the prayers(: 'Say )O Muhammad(: "He is Allah,
the One." )112.1( And he recited it repeatedly. When it was morning, he went to the
Prophet )‫ (ﷺ‬and informed him about that as if he considered that the recitation of that
Sura by itself was not enough. Allah's Messenger )‫ (ﷺ‬said, "By Him in Whose Hand my
life is, it is equal to one-third of the Qur'an."
Impact of Tawhid in human life
The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Verily, al-Islam is founded on five (pillars): testifying the
fact that there is no god but Allah, the establishment of prayer, payment of Zakat,
fast of Ramadan and Pilgrimage to the House.”
Worthy of Respect;
It means the belief is to cause to arrive an elevated place which he deserve due to
being a mankind.
Submissiveness;
It means to disallow a man from pride and vanity and develop civility and humbleness in
him properly.
Far-sightedness;
The believer is never a narrow minded as his Lord is Who Allah is Lord of the earth and
heaven , east and west and provides food to all creatures of whole universe.
 Control of Soul;
The faith on the Oneness of God thoroughly understands that is no way salvation and
betterment but the purity of soul and doing good deeds.
Turning towards Allah;
The believer never disappointed and discouraged in any circumstances as he repose
confidence on the rewards and clemency and turn towards Allah.
Patience and perfect reliance on Allah;
This belief develops a sense of courage and determination and great power of
patience and reliance on Allah.
Respect of Law;
It makes the a man bounds to comply with the Divine orders as he know s that Allah is
well aware about every hidden and visible things and very close to our Jugular Vein
(shah Rug).
 Humbleness:
A believer never becomes proud of power, wealth and worth because he knows that
every thing is provided by Allah and He can take away it.
Determination:
This belief produces a very strong degree of determination; nothing can .make him give
up his resolution.
Virtuous and upright:
This belief makes man virtuous and upright, because a believer knows that there is no
other means of success except purity of soul and righteousness of behavior. As
against this, the Kafirs and the Mushriks always live on false hopes.
 The Concept of Prophet hood
The Finality of the Prophet Hzarat
Muhammad(PBUH)
Introduction
Human beings have been created to be Allah’s vicegerents (khalifa) on the earth.
This position demands that humans be granted the necessary free will to act.
Hence they are called upon to fulfil terms of their vicegerency by exercising
voluntary choice.
According to the terms of this vicegerency, humans are required to establish to
moral fashion this world in harmony with ethical vision given by Allah.
This vision has been communicated to humankind through a number of chosen
human beings who under divine guidance, have demonstrated the practical
application of this vision in their ideal lives.
These were the prophets and messengers of Allah whom He commissioned, from
time to time, to remind the humans the purpose of their creation and thus enabled
them to live according to that purpose.
Indeed the first Adam (A.S), the ancestor of all humankind, was also the first
prophet.
The process of providing divine guidance to the humankind through the prophets
continued in the course of history in consonance with the changing requirements of
human society in different social envioments.
This process was finally ended with the mission of the last Prophet and Messenger
of Allah, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) 571- 632
To believe in a prophet means to believe in the revelation that he has received, to
accept the law that was transmitted to him by Allah, and follow the code of conduct
that he was instructed to pass on to humanity.
According to the Qur’an, every prophet of Allah, strove to build man’s relationship
with Allah on the principle of His sovereignty and the individual’s acknowledgment of
the authority of the Prophet as a source of divine guidance.
Definition
Prophethood or Nubuwwah refers to God’s primary means of communicating with
humankind, involving a long and continuous chain of Revelation. (Encyclopedia of
Religion).
Risalah is the Arabic word for message as Rasul (messenger) means one who is
sent a message (revelation).It refers to ‘prophet hood’ and represents the various
ways Allah communicates with humanity.
Nabawah is the Arabic word for calling by Allah to communicate a divinely given
message to humankind and to the unseen world of spirits.
The prophets are not worshipped because Allah is the one true God. Instead, they
are respected.
Difference between Rasool and Nabi
“Rasool” is an Islamic word for “messenger” while “Nabi” is the Islamic word for
“prophet.”
There are several thousand Anbia while there are only a few Rasools.
Rasool receives a new Sharia (Divine Law) and book from Allah.
Nabi does not have it and only follows the Sharia of the Rasool before him.
Rasool holds a higher position while a Nabi holds a lower position.
A Rasool is always a Nabi while a Nabi may or may not become a Rasool.
All the Rasools were Nabis but not all Nabis were Rasools.
Rasool receives messages through visions and communication with angels while
awake while a Nabi receives messages which are conveyed to him by angels in his
sleep.
Nature of Prophethood
Prophethood is not something which can be acquired by effort. It is bestowed by
Allah and is His special blessing on chosen ones, the prophets.
It is bestowed upon them only whom Allah chooses for this divinely mission. Allah
Himself chooses persons for this office.
In the Qur’anic terminology, its called ‫ إﺻ ْْﻄ ِِﻔ ََﺎء‬which means to choose the best out of
a large number of things.
This word denotes that persons chosen for Prophethood were most suitable for
this great and sacred mission on account of their multifarious qualities.
Muslim’s Faith on prophet hood
ۤ‫ِل ِ اِ ِ ۤﻟٰ ٰۤﯽ ا ِِﺑ ۡۡﺮ ٰٰﮬﯿﻢَ وَ ا ِِﺳ ۡۡﻤ ٰٰﻌ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻞَ وَ ا ِِﺳ ۡۡﺤ ٰٰﻖَ وَ ﯾَﻌَ ۡۡﻘ ُُﻮ ۡۡبَ وَ اﻟ ۡۡﺎ ََﺳ ۡۡﺒ ََﺎطِ وَ ﻣ ََﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻗ ُُﻮ ۡۡﻟ ُُﻮۡۤ ۡۤا ا ٰٰﻣَﻨَّّﺎ بِ ِاﻟﻠّٰ ِّﮧ وَ ﻣ ََﺎۤ اُ ُﻧ ۡۡﺰ‬
َ ‫ِل ِ اِ ِﻟ ََﯿۡﻨۡ ََﺎ وَ ﻣ ََﺎۤ اُ ُﻧ ۡۡﺰ‬
ُ ۡ ‫ۡﻦ ا ََﺣَﺪَ ٍ ﻣِّّﻨ ۡۡﮭ ُُﻢۡ ۫ ۖ۫ وَ ﻧ ََﺤ‬
َ‫ۡﻦ ﻟ َ َٗﮧ ﻣ ُُﺴ ۡۡﻠ ِِﻤ ُُﻮ ۡۡنَ۔‬ َ ۡ ‫ِﻢ ۚ ﻟ ََﺎ ﻧ ُُﻔ ََﺮِّّقُ ﺑ ََﯿ‬
ۡ ِ ‫ِﻦ ِ رَّ ِّّﺑّﮭ‬
ۡ ‫ۡن ﻣ‬ َ ‫ا ُُو ۡۡﺗِﯽَِ ﻣ ُُﻮ ۡۡﺳ ٰٰﯽ وَ ﻋ ِِﯿ ۡۡﺴ ٰٰﯽ وَ ﻣ ََﺎۤ ا ُُو ۡۡﺗ‬
َ ۡ ‫ِﯽِ اﻟﻨَّّﺒ ِِﯿُّّﻮ‬
“Say (O Muslims): We believe in God and that which is revealed to us and that
which was revealed to Abraham and Ishmael, and Isaac and Jacob, and their children,
and that which Moses and Jesus received and that the prophets received from
their Lord. We make no discrimination between any of them and unto Him we have
surrendered.” 2:136
There are 25 prophets mentioned in the Qur’an.
Allah sent 124,000 prophets, and among them 313 were the messengers.
(Musnad Ahamad Bin Hanbal:21257)
All of the prophets are considered to be equal.
 Qualities of the Prophets
Allah selects the Prophets Himself from amongst the people. However, the
Prophets are exalted and distinguished human beings commissioned divine message.
HUMANITY:
The prophets were essentially human beings. They neither angels nor Jinns, so that
human aspect of their lives become a source of guidance for ordinary people and they
may not tend to think that they (prophets) in their nature were different from ordinary
people and therefore it is not possible for them to follow them.
ٰۤ ۡ ‫ﻗ ُُﻞۡ اِ ِ َّﻧّﻤ ََﺎۤ اَ َﻧ ََﺎ ﺑ ََﺸ ََﺮٌ ﻣِّّﺜ ۡ ُۡﻠﮑُ ُُﻢۡ ﯾ ُُﻮ‬
ٰ ‫ۡﺣ ٰۤﯽ اِ ِﻟ ََﯽَّ اَﻧَّّﻤ ََﺎۤ ا‬
ٌ‫ِل ِٰـﮬُﮑُ ُُﻢۡ اِ ِﻟ ٰ ٌٰﮧ وَّّاﺣ ِ ٌِﺪ۔‬
Say: I am only a moral like you; it is revealed to me that your god is one Allah.18:110
 BOUNTY OF ALLAH:
Man cannot achieve Prophethood by his since it is a blessing of Allah, bestowed on
those whom Allah desire to bestow without regard to human efforts and struggles. As
the Qur’an mentioned;
ُ ۡ ‫اَﻟَﻠّٰ ُّﮧ اَﻋَ ۡۡﻠ ََﻢُ ﺣ ََﯿ‬
ؕ ٗ‫ۡﺚ ﯾ ََﺠ ۡۡﻌ ََﻞُ ر ِِﺳ ََاﻟَﺘَ ََﮧ‬
Allah knows best on whom to bestow Prophethood. 6:124
KNOWLEDGE BESTOWED BY ALLAH:
The personal wishes of the Messenger and their personal will do not interfere with
their message, they speak and act according to the commandments of Allah;
ۡ ‫َﻦ اﻟ ۡۡﮭ ََﻮ ٰٰی۔ ا‬
ٌ ۡ ‫ِن ِ ﮬ ُُﻮَ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ و ََﺣ‬
‫ۡﯽ ﯾُّّﻮ ۡۡﺣ ٰٰﯽ۔‬ ُ ‫وَ ﻣ ََﺎ ﯾَ َﻨ ۡۡﻄ‬
ِ َ ‫ِﻖ ِ ﻋ‬
He does not speak according to personal desire but says only what is revealed to
him.53:3-4
Exalted Status of Prophethood
The Prophets were not superhuman nor have been considered God as the Prophet
Noah (AS) refused this before his people in the following words;
ۡ ‫ۡﺐ وَ ﻟ ََﺎۤ ا ََﻗ ُُﻮ ۡۡلُ اِ ِّﻧ‬
َ َ‫ّﯽ ﻣَﻠ‬
ٌ‫َﮏٌ۔‬ َ ۡ ‫ِﻦ ِ اﻟﻠّٰ ِّﮧ وَ ﻟ ََﺎۤ اَﻋَ ۡۡﻠ ََﻢُ اﻟ ۡۡﻐ ََﯿ‬ ۡ ‫وَ ﻟ ََﺎۤ ا ََﻗ ُُﻮ ۡۡلُ ﻟَﮑ َ ُُﻢۡ ﻋِ ِﻨ ۡۡﺪ‬
ُ ‫ِی ِ ﺧ ََﺰ َ َٓا ٓﺋ‬
I do not say that I have the treasures of Allah in my possession, or that I have
knowledge of the unknown , neither do I say that I am an angle.11:31
WORTHY OBEDIENCE:
The Qur’an says that the complete obedience and the example of the Prophets is a
prerequisite of faith . Whatever the Prophets command in regard to faith and it is
obligatory to follow as the holy Qur’an sated;
ِ ۡ ‫ِﻦ ِ رَّّﺳ ُُﻮ ۡۡلٍ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ ﻟ ِِﯿ ُُﻄ ََﺎعَ ﺑ ِِﺎ ِِذ‬
ؕ ‫ۡن اﻟﻠّٰ ِّﮧ‬ ۡ ‫وَ ﻣ ََﺎۤ اَ َر ۡۡﺳَﻠَۡﻨۡ ََﺎ ﻣ‬
And We did not send any messenger but that he should be obeyed by Allah’s
permission.4:64
 EXPLAINER OF Allah’s BOOK:
The shariah of Allah is the divine law which covers all principles. However is explanation,
interpretation and application are responsibility of the holy Prophet (PBUH) as the holy
Qur’an says;
َ‫ۡﻦ۔‬ َ ۡ ‫ۡﮏ اﻟۡ ۡﮑ ِِﺘ ٰٰﺐَ ﺗ ِِﺒ ۡۡﯿ ََﺎﻧ ًًﺎ ﻟِّّﮑ ُُﻞِّ ﺷ ََﯽ ۡۡءٍ وَّ ﮬُﺪُ ًًی وَّ ر ََﺣ‬
َ ۡ ‫ۡﻢ َۃً وَّ ﺑ ُُﺸ ۡۡﺮ ٰٰی ﻟِ ِﻠ ۡۡﻤ ُُﺴ ۡۡﻠ ِِﻤ ِِﯿ‬ َ ۡ ‫وَ ﻧ َ ََّﺰّﻟۡﻨۡ ََﺎ ﻋَﻠَ ََﯿ‬
And we have revealed the book to you explaining clearly everything, and a guidance
and mercy and good news for those who submit.16:89
MASTER AND GUIDE:
This responsibility has been stated in the following verse of the holy Qur’an;
َ‫ُﻢ اﻟۡ ۡﮑ ِِﺘ ٰٰﺐَ و‬ ۡ ِ ‫ِﻢ ﯾَﺘَ ۡۡﻠ ُُﻮ ۡۡا ﻋَﻠَ ََﯿ ۡۡﮭ‬
ُ ُ ‫ِﻢ اٰﯾٰ ٰٰﺘ ِ ِٖﮧ وَ ﯾ ُ َُﺰﮐِ َّﯿ ۡۡﮭ ِِﻢۡ وَ ﯾُﻌُ َﻠَِّّﻤُ ُﮭ‬ ۡ ِ ‫ِﻢ ر ََﺳ ُُﻮ ۡۡﻟ ًًﺎ ﻣِّّﻦۡ اَ َﻧ ۡۡﻔ ُُﺴ ِِﮭ‬ ۡ ِ ‫َﺚ ﻓ ِِﯿ ۡۡﮭ‬ َ ۡ ‫َﻦ اﻟﻠّٰ ُّﮧ ﻋَﻠَ ََﯽ اﻟ ۡۡﻤ ُُﺆ ۡۡﻣِ ِﻨ ِِﯿ‬
َ َ َ‫ۡﻦ ا ِ ِۡذ ﺑَﻌ‬ َّ َ ‫ﻟ ََﻘَﺪَ ۡ ﻣ‬
ٍ‫ۡﻦ۔‬ٍ ۡ ‫ٰﻞ ﻣُّّﺒ ِِﯿ‬ٍ ٰ َ‫ِﯽِ ﺿَﻠ‬ ۡ ‫ِﻦ ِ ﻗَ َﺒ ۡۡﻞُ ﻟ ََﻔ‬
ۡ ‫ِن ِ ﮐ ََﺎﻧ ُُﻮ ۡۡا ﻣ‬ ۡ ‫ۡﻢۃَ ۚ وَ ا‬ َ ۡ ‫اﻟ ۡۡﺤ ِِﮑ‬
Certainly Allah conferred a benefit upon the believers when He raised among them a
Messenger from among themselves , reciting to them His communications and purifying
them, and teaching them the Book and the wisdom , although before that they were
surely in manifest error. 3:164
 LEADRES AND ROLE MODEL:
Allah has ordained prophets to be the leaders and Guides whose purpose is to guide
people, prevent them from straying and lead them to their salvation. The Prophets
establish their leadership through Qur’an and Sunnah. Allah says the holy Prophet
(PBUH) is the role model;
‫ۡم اﻟ ۡۡﺎ ٰٰﺧ ِِﺮَ وَ ذَﮐ َ ََﺮَ اﻟﻠّٰ َّﮧ ﮐَﺜَ ِِﯿ ۡۡﺮ ًًا ۔‬
َ ۡ ‫َﻦ ﮐ ََﺎنَ ﯾ ََﺮ ۡۡﺟ ُُﻮا اﻟﻠّٰ َّﮧ وَ اﻟ ۡۡﯿ ََﻮ‬ َ َ ‫ِﯽِ ر ََﺳ ُُﻮ ۡۡلِ اﻟﻠّٰ ِّﮧ ا ُُﺳ ۡ َۡﻮ َۃٌ ﺣ ََﺴ‬
ۡ َ ‫َﻦ َۃٌ ﻟِّّﻤ‬ ۡ ‫ﻟ ََﻘَﺪَ ۡ ﮐ ََﺎنَ ﻟَﮑ َ ُُﻢۡ ﻓ‬
Verily for you is the best example in the Messenger (PBUH) of Allah for those who
looked in to Allah and the Last Day, and remembered Allah much.33:21
LEGISTATOR AND INTERPRETER:
This function has been mentioned in the Qur’an as;
‫وَ ﻣ ََﺎۤ ا ٰٰﺗ ٰٰﯩﮑ ُُﻢُ اﻟﺮَّّﺳ ُُﻮ ۡۡلُ ﻓ ََﺨ ُُﺬ ُُوۡہۡ ُ ٭ وَ ﻣ ََﺎ ﻧَ َﮭ ٰٰﯩﮑ ُُﻢۡ ﻋَ َﻨ ۡ ُۡﮧ ﻓ ََﺎﻧ ۡۡﺘَ َﮭ ُُﻮ ۡۡا ۚ ۚ۔‬
Wherever the Messenger bids you accept it and from wherever he forbids you,
abstain(keep away yourself). 59:7
 ۡ‫ُﻢ ا ِِﺻ ۡ َۡﺮ َﮬ ُُﻢ‬ ۡ ُ ‫ِﺚ وَ ﯾ ََﻀَﻊَ ُ ﻋَ َﻨ ۡۡﮭ‬ ُ ِ ‫ٰﺖ وَ ﯾ ُُﺤ ََﺮِّّمُ ﻋَﻠَ ََﯿ ۡۡﮭ‬
َ ِ ‫ِﻢ اﻟ ۡۡﺨَ َ ٰٓﺒ ٰ ٰٓﺌ‬ ُّ ‫َﻦ اﻟ ۡ ُۡﻤ ُﻨۡ ۡﮑ ََﺮِ وَ ﯾ ُُﺤ‬
ِ ٰ ‫ِﻞ ِ ﻟَ َﮭ ُُﻢُ اﻟﻄَّّﯿِّّﺒ‬ ِ َ ‫ﯾ ََﺎ ۡۡﻣ ُُﺮ ُُﮬ ُُﻢۡ ﺑِ ِاﻟ ۡۡﻤَﻌَ ۡۡﺮ ُُو ۡۡفِ وَ ﯾَ َﻨ ۡۡﮭ ٰٰﮩ ُُﻢۡ ﻋ‬
‫ُﻢ‬
ُ ُ ‫ِﮏ ﮬ‬ َ ِ ‫ِل ِ ﻣَﻌَ َ َۤﮧ ٗ ۙ ا ُُوﻟٰٓ ٰ ٰٓﺌ‬ ۤۡ ‫ۡﻦ ا ٰٰﻣَ َﻨ ُُﻮ ۡۡا ﺑ ِ ِٖﮧ وَ ﻋ َ ََّﺰّر ُُوۡہۡ ُ وَ ﻧ ََﺼ ََﺮ ُُوۡہۡ ُ وَ اﺗَّّﺒَﻌَ ُُﻮا اﻟﻨُّّﻮ ۡ َۡر اﻟَّّﺬ‬
َ ‫ِی ِ اُ ُﻧ ۡۡﺰ‬ َ ۡ ‫ِﻢ ؕ ﻓ ََاﻟَّّﺬ ِِﯾ‬
ۡ ِ ‫َﺖۡ ﻋَﻠَ ََﯿ ۡۡﮭ‬
َ ‫ٰﻞ اﻟَّّﺘِﯽِۡ ﮐ ََﺎﻧ‬ َ ٰ ‫وَ اﻟ ۡۡﺎ ََﻏ ۡۡﻠ‬
َ ۡ ‫اﻟ ۡۡﻤ ُُﻔ ۡۡﻠ ِِﺤ ُُﻮ‬
‫ۡن‬
He enjoins them good and forbids them evil, and makes lawful to them the good
things and makes unlawful to them impure things, and removes from them their
burden and the shackles which were upon them; so (as for) those who believe in
him and honor him and help him, and follow the light which has been sent down with
him, these it is that are the successful. 7:157
ARBITRATOR AND JUDGE:
The holy Qur’an has indicated that the holy Prophet )PBUH( is a judge and arbitrator
‫ ﻣﻨﺼﻒ‬One of such verses is this;
‫ۡﻦ ﺧ ََﺼ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻤ ًًﺎ۔‬
َ ۡ ‫ُﻦ ﻟِّّﻠ ۡۡﺨ ََﺎٓ ٓﺋِ ِﻨ ِِﯿ‬
ۡ ُ َ ‫ۡﻦ اﻟﻨَّّﺎسِ ﺑ ِِﻤ ََﺎۤ اَ َرٰﯨٰ ﮏَ اﻟﻠّٰ ُّﮧ ؕ وَ ﻟ ََﺎ ﺗَﮑ‬
َ ۡ ‫َﻖ ﻟ ِِﺘ ََﺤۡ ۡﮑ ُُﻢَ ﺑ ََﯿ‬ َ ۡ ‫اِ ِ َّﻧّﺎۤ اَ َﻧ ۡۡﺰَﻟَۡﻨۡ ََﺎۤ اِ ِﻟ ََﯿ‬
ِّ َ ‫ۡﮏ اﻟۡ ۡﮑ ِِﺘ ٰٰﺐَ ﺑِ ِاﻟ ۡۡﺤ‬
“We have sent this book to you with the truth so that you may judge between people
in accordance with right way which Allah has shown you”.4:105
FINALITY OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH)
KHATM-E-NABUWWAH
The belief in the finality of Prophethood bears as much importance as other
convictions of faith of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the last Messenger
of Allah, who was sent to all mankind. Therefore, the Qur’an is a divine message for
all people for all time to come, through its first address (the Arab) had to be
specific people, in a specific context of time and space.
ۡ ‫ﻗ ُُﻞۡ ۤﯾٰ ٰۤﺎ ََﯾُّّﮭ ََﺎ اﻟﻨَّّﺎسُ اِ ِّﻧ‬
‫ّﯽ ر ََﺳ ُُﻮ ۡۡلُ اﻟﻠّٰ ِّﮧ اِ ِﻟ َ َۡﯿ ۡﮑ ُُﻢۡ ﺟ ََﻤ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻌَۨ َ ۨ َﺎ ۔‬
Say, (O, Muhammad!) O, humankind, I am the Messenger of Allah to you all. 7:158
‫ٰﮏ اِ ِﻟَّّﺎ ﮐ ََﺎ ٓٓفَّ ًّۃ ﻟِّّﻠﻨَّّﺎسِ ﺑ ََﺸ ِِﯿ ۡۡﺮ ًًا وَّ ﻧ ََﺬ ِِﯾ ۡۡﺮ ًًا۔‬
َ ٰ ۡ‫وَ ﻣ ََﺎۤ اَ َر ۡۡﺳَﻠَۡﻨ‬
We have not sent you otherwise than to humankind at large, o be a herald ‫ ﻣﻨﺎدی‬of
good news and a warner. 34:28
Lexical Meaning of Khatam
The meaning of the word “khatam” is
to stamp a seal
To enclose
To lead to end
To conclude an assignment
Khatm-al-Anbiya means that assignment of Prophethood that started with the
prophet Adam (AS) concluded with the mission of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
So according the technical meaning that the khatam of group of people, the khatim
of them, or the khatam of them, is the last of them. And the Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH) is khatim of the prophets.
 Finality of Prophethood of Hazrat
Muhammad (PBUH) in Qur’an and Hadith
 .‫ٖﻦَ ؕ وَ ﮐ ََﺎنَ اﻟﻠّٰ ُّﮧ ﺑ ِِﮑ ُُﻞِّ ﺷ ََﯽ ۡۡءٍ ﻋَﻠَ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻤ ًًﺎ‬ َ ۡ ۡ ‫ﻣ ََﺎ ﮐ ََﺎنَ ﻣ ُُﺤ ََﻤَّّﺪٌ اَ َﺑ ََﺎۤ ا ََﺣَﺪَ ٍ ﻣِّّﻦۡ رِّّﺟ ََاﻟ ِِﮑ ُُﻢۡ وَ ﻟٰ ٰﮑ‬
ٖ ّ ّ‫ِﻦ ِ رَّّﺳ ُُﻮۡلَ اﻟﻠّٰ ِّﮧ وَ ﺧَﺎﺗ ََﻢَ اﻟﻨَّّﺒ ِِﯿ‬
Muhammad is not father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allah
and the seal of the Prophet and Allah is aware of all things.33:40
Reference from Hadith.
َ ‫أﻧ ََﺎ ﺧ ََﺎﺗ ََﻢُ اﻟﻨَّّﺒ ِِﯿِّّﻦَ ﻟ ََﺎ ﻧَ َﺒ‬
‫ِﯽِ ﺑَﻌَ ْﺪْ ِیِ۔‬
I am the last Prophet and there will be no prophet after me.
The prophet led Bani Israil and a prophet died another prophet succeeded him, but
after me there would be no prophet.
The difference between and the chain of the prophets preceding me is as a man
built a house and constructed it beautifully but left a gap in the corner of the wall
for a brick, the spectators moved about the house but questioned about the gap
left about size of a brick. Then know it that “ I am that brick , and I am khatamun
Nabiyyen.
 Characteristics of Finality of Prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH)
Universality:
The Prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH) is for all times and for all nations till the day of
judgement.
ۡ ‫ﻗ ُُﻞۡ ۤﯾٰ ٰۤﺎ ََﯾُّّﮭ ََﺎ اﻟﻨَّّﺎسُ اِ ِّﻧ‬
‫ّﯽ ر ََﺳ ُُﻮ ۡۡلُ اﻟﻠّٰ ِّﮧ اِ ِﻟ َ َۡﯿ ۡﮑ ُُﻢۡ ﺟ ََﻤ ِِﯿ ۡۡﻌَۨ َ ۨ َﺎ ۔‬
Say, (O, Muhammad!) O, humankind, I am the Messenger of Allah to you all. 7:158
Annulment of Previous Shariah:
Allah Almighty annulled the shariah of previous Prophet (AS) through His beloved
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the former were for specific time and nations.
َ ‫َﻦ ﯾُّّﻘ ۡۡﺒ ََﻞَ ﻣِ ِﻨ ۡ ُۡﮧ ۚ وَ ﮬ ُُﻮَ ﻓِﯽِ اﻟ ۡۡﺎ ٰٰﺧ ِِﺮَ َۃِ ﻣ‬
َ ۡ ‫ِﻦ ِ اﻟ ۡۡﺨ ٰٰﺴ ِِﺮ ِِﯾ‬
َ‫ۡﻦ۔‬ ۡ َ َ‫َﻦ ﯾَّّﺒ ۡۡﺘ ََﻎِ ﻏ ََﯿ ۡۡﺮَ اﻟ ۡۡﺎ ِِﺳ ۡۡﻠ ََﺎمِ د ِِﯾۡﻨۡ ًًﺎ ﻓَﻠ‬
ۡ َ ‫وَ ﻣ‬
And the one who selects religion other than Islam, will never be accepted and he will
be among the losers in afterlife.3:85
 Perfection:
The message of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is complete, perfect and final, Allah
says;
ؕ‫ِﯽِ وَ ر ََﺿ ِِﯿ ۡۡﺖُ ﻟَﮑ َ ُُﻢُ اﻟ ۡۡﺎ ِِﺳ ۡۡﻠ ََﺎمَ د ِِﯾۡﻨۡ ًًﺎ ؕ۔‬
ۡ َ‫ۡم اَﮐ َ ۡۡﻤَﻠَ ۡۡﺖُ ﻟَﮑ َ ُُﻢۡ د ِِﯾۡﻨۡ َﮑ َ ُُﻢۡ وَ اَ َﺗ ۡۡﻤ ََﻤ ۡۡﺖُ ﻋَﻠَ َ َۡﯿ ۡﮑ ُُﻢۡ ﻧ ِِﻌ ۡۡﻤَﺘ‬
َ ۡ ‫اَﻟَ ۡۡﯿ ََﻮ‬
This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favor upon you, and have
for you Islam as your religion.5:3
Protection of Holy Book:
Unlike earlier divine books which are completely or partially extinct the Qur’an is still
preserved in its original form since Allah Himself has taken the responsibility of
protecting his book.
َ ۡ ‫اِ ِ َّﻧّﺎ ﻧ ََﺤ ۡۡﻦُ ﻧ َ ََّﺰّﻟۡﻨۡ ََﺎ اﻟﺬِّّﮐ ۡۡﺮَ وَ اِ ِ َّﻧّﺎ ﻟ ََﮧٗ ﻟ ََﺤ ٰٰﻔ ِِﻈ ُُﻮ‬
َ‫ۡن۔‬
Certainly we have revealed this book (Qur’an) and we will protect it.15:9