SUBJECT: DESIGN THINKING AND INNOVATION
PROJECT NAME: AUTOMATIC FIRE
EXTINGUISHER BATCH NO.: 05
BATCH MEMBERS:
1. Dwarapureddi Naga Satya Sai-23VV1A0419
2. Garikipati Veda Varshitha-23VV1A0420
3. Gorli Laasya-23VV1A0421
4. Gosangi Sudeep-23VV1A0422
PROJECT REPORT
AUTOMATIC FIREXTINGUISHER
TITLE:
The title of the project is “Automatic fire extinguisher”.
ABSTRACT:
The Automatic Fire Extinguisher system is an innovative safety solution
designed to detect and extinguish fires automatically at an early stage,
minimizing damage and enhancing safety. The system utilizes a flame sensor to
continuously monitor for fire. Upon detection, it triggers a BD140 transistor,
which activates a water pump and a buzzer simultaneously. The pump sprays
water through a transparent pipe to suppress the fire, while the buzzer alerts
nearby individuals. The entire system is powered by a 3.7V rechargeable
battery, ensuring portability and operation during power failures. This project
addresses the limitations of conventional fire extinguishers, such as manual
operation, delayed response, and lack of smart features. Current automatic fire
extinguishers detect fire , smoke , and dust. It immediately sprays water and gas
which is not necessary when dust and smoke are detected. We innovated this
project by making it to detect only the fire not the smoke and the dust. We
designed the circuit in such a way that it only detects fire and immediately
extinguishes it automatically. It offers a cost-effective, efficient, and compact
solution ideal for small-scale applications like homes, kitchens, vehicles, and
small offices. Additionally, the project can be further enhanced by integrating
IoT, multi-sensor fusion, or rotating nozzles to adapt it for larger or more
advanced use cases.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Flame sensor.
2. Buzzer
3. BD140 Transistor
4.1kohm Resistor
5. PVC Pipe
6. 5V Water Pump
7. Connecting wires
8. Push button switch
9.3.7V Battery
10.Battery holder
DESCRIPTION OF EACH COMPONENT:
1. FLAME SENSOR
Function: Detects the presence of flame or fire by sensing infrared (IR) light in the 760–
1100nm range.
Role in Project: Sends a signal (LOW) to activate the system when it detects fire.
2. BUZZER
Function: Produces an audible alarm sound.
Role in Project: Alerts people when fire is detected and the system is activated.
3. BD140 Transistor
Function: Acts as a switch to control high-current devices like motors or pumps.
Role in Project: Turns ON the pump and buzzer when the base receives a LOW signal from
the flame sensor.
4.1kohm Resistor
Function: Limits the current flowing into the base of the transistor to protect it from damage.
Role in Project: Ensures safe operation of the BD140 transistor.
5. PVC Pipe
Function: Carries water from the pump to the fire target.
Role in Project: Directs water accurately toward the fire source.
6. 5V Water Pump
Function: Pumps and sprays water when powered.
Role in Project: Extinguishes the fire by spraying water through the connected pipe.
7. Connecting wires
Function: Provide electrical connections between all components.
Role in Project: Enable current flow and signal transmission throughout the system.
8. Push button switch
Function: Allows manual activation of the fire extinguisher system.
Role in Project: Can trigger the system manually if the flame sensor fails or for testing.
9. 3.7V Battery
Function: Powers the entire circuit.
Role in Project: Ensures the system operates independently of main power, crucial during
emergencies.
10. Battery holder
Function: Holds the 3.7V battery securely and connects it to the circuit.
Role in Project: Provides a reliable and removable battery connection.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
HARDWARE PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the flame sensor, BD140 transistor, buzzer, water pump, and battery as
per the circuit diagram.
2. Insert the 3.7V battery into the holder to turn ON the circuit.
3. The flame sensor automatically detects fire or flame.
4. On fire detection, the transistor switches ON the pump and buzzer.
5. Water is sprayed to put out the fire while the buzzer gives an alert.
APPLICATIONS:
1. Home and Kitchen Safety
2. Office and Commercial Spaces
3. School and Laboratory Environments
4. Small Workshops and Garages
5. Automobile Fire Protection (Cars, Buses)
6. Battery Charging Stations and Power Banks
LIMITATIONS:
1. Limited Flame Detection Range
2. Fixed Spray Direction
BREADBOARD OUTPUT:
CASE-1
When power supply is not given.
CASE-2
When power supply is given , flame sensor detects fire and extinguishes it by spraying water
immediately.
CASE-3
When smoke is detected automatic fire extinguisher does not spray water.
CONCLUSION:
The Automatic Fire Extinguisher System successfully demonstrates a low-cost, compact, and
efficient method for early fire detection and suppression. By integrating a flame sensor, a
water pump, and a buzzer in a simple electronic circuit, the system provides an immediate
response to fire outbreaks, reducing the risk of damage and injury. The use of basic
components like the BD140 transistor and 3.7V battery ensures portability and ease of
deployment in small-scale environments such as homes, kitchens, offices, and vehicles. This
project not only enhances safety but also highlights the potential for future innovations such
as IoT connectivity, advanced fire-type detection, and automated targeting. Overall, the
system is a practical solution for fire safety in everyday settings and can be further scaled or
upgraded for industrial or commercial use.
COST OF THE PROJECT:
380/-
SIGNATURES:
23VV1A0419:
23VV1A0420:
23VV1A0421:
23VV1A0422:
