Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj 1

evsjv‡`‡ki wWwRUvj †hvMv‡hv‡M ÷viwjs‡Ki f~wgKv Kx n‡Z cv‡i (What role could Starlink
Play in Digital Communications in Bangladesh)? [**]
Bjb gv‡¯‹i gvwjKvbvaxb ÷viwjsK m¤ú~Y© m¨v‡UjvBU-wbf©i GKwU B›Uvi‡bU †mev, GwU c…w_exi wb¤œ K‣c‡_ ¯'vwcZ nvRvi
nvRvi m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| ÷viwjs‡Ki g~j cÖwZôvb †¯úmG‡•i (SpaceX) I‡qemvB‡U †`Iqv Z_¨ Abyhvqx,
Zv‡`i B›Uvi‡bU-†mev Geostationary (f‥w¯'i DcMÖn) †_‡K Av‡m, hv 35,786 wK‡jvwgUvi Ici †_‡K c…w_ex‡K cÖ`w‣Y
K‡i| c…w_exi wb¤œ K‣c‡_ ¯'vwcZ nvRvi nvRvi m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui 1wU mgwó n‡‧Q ÷viwjsK, hv cy‡iv wek¦‡KB D‧PMwZi B›Uvi‡bU
†mev w`‡Z cv‡i| PjwZ eQ‡ii 30 Rvbyqvwi ch©šÍ wnmv‡e, ÷viwjs‡Ki 6,994wU m¨v‡UjvBU ¯'vwcZ n‡q‡Q| Gme m¨v‡UjvBU
c…w_ex †_‡K cÖvq 342 gvBj (550 wK‡jvwgUvi) Ic‡i K‣c‡_ Nyi‡Q|
SpaceX ÷viwjsK cÖK‡íi KvR ïiæ nq 2015 mv‡j Ges 2019 mv‡j AvbyôvwbK hvÎv ïiæ nq| we‡k¦i cÖvq 100wUi †ewk
†`‡k Zv‡`i Kvh©µg i‡q‡Q| `w‣Y Gwkqvq fzUv‡b cÖ_g ÷viwjs‡Ki Kvh©µg ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
 evsjv‡`‡k ÷viwjsK B›Uvi‡bU:
evsjv‡`‡k cix‣vg~jKfv‡e Pvjy n‡q‡Q ÷viwjs‡Ki B›Uvi‡bU †mev Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q| 09 GwcÖj ivRavbxi
B›UviKw›U‡b›Uvj †nv‡U‡j AbywôZ evsjv‡`k Bb‡f÷‡g›U mvwgU cÖv½Y †_‡K ÷viwjs‡Ki B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kiv †M‡Q|
MZ 29 gvP© evsjv‡`k wewb‡qvM Dbœqb KZ©…c‣ ÷viwjs‡Ki wewb‡qvM wbeÜb †`q| evsjv‡`‡ki AšÍe©Z©x miKv‡ii cÖavb
Dc‡`óv Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` BDb~m G eQ‡ii 14 †deªæqvwi †¯úmG‡•i gvwjK Bjb gv‡¯‹i m‡½ GK wfwWI Av‡jvPbvq
evsjv‡`‡k ÷viwjsK m¨v‡UjvBU B›Uvi‡bU †mev Pvjyi wel‡q K_v e‡jb|
 ÷viwjsK B›Uvi‡b‡Ui myweav (Benefits of Starlink Internet):
01. wWwRUvj AšÍf©yw³ wbwðZ:
÷viwjs‡Ki g‡Zv Non-geostationary Satellites (NGSO) cÖhyw³i g~j myweav n‡jv D‧PMwZi, Zviwenxb I
wbiwew‧Qbœ B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM| hv †`‡ki †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ †_‡K e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e| eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki A‡bK Øxc, Pi,
cvnvwo GjvKv I Mfxi ebv‡j dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej ev Microwave cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM †`Iqv
KwVb| Gme GjvKvq ÷viwjsK mn‡RB B›Uvi‡bU †mev †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cvi‡e, hv mswkøó Rb‡Mvôxi wWwRUvj AšÍf©yw³
wbwðZ Ki‡e|
02. `ªæZMwZi B›Uvi‡bU:
÷viwjs‡Ki B›Uvi‡bU MwZ †ek fv‡jv| mvaviY WvDb‡jv‡Wi MwZ 97 MBPS KvQvKvwQ| ÷viwjs‡Ki (Data
Latency) D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e Kg, cÖvq 29.8 wgwj‡m‡KÛ|
03. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv Av‡qi my‡hvM m„wó:
GwU wWwRUvj cÖhyw³i Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi cvkvcvwk wk‣v, e¨emv, ¯^v¯'¨‡mev I wd«j¨vwÞsmn AbjvBbwfwËK
wewfbœ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv Av‡qi my‡hvM m…wó‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‥wgKv ivL‡e|
04. B›Uvi‡bU AeKvVv‡gv‡Z bZzb gvÎv:
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM g~jZ mve‡gwib †Ke&‡ji gva¨‡g †`Iqv nq, ZvB ÷viwjs‡Ki AvMgb †`‡ki
B›Uvi‡bU AeKvVv‡gv‡Z bZzb gvÎv †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j Rvbvb cÖhyw³we`iv|
05. AvaywbK I wWwRUvj wk¶vq AMÖMwZ:
†`‡k ÷viwjsK Avm‡j cÖvwšÍK I Z…Yg~j A‡ji wk‣v cÖwZôvbmg~‡n D‧PMwZi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ms‡hvM cÖvwßi my‡hvM
e…w× cv‡e| hvi d‡j cÖk¯Í n‡eÑ
i. B-jvwb©s (E-learning)
ii. fvP©yqvj K¬vmiæg (Virtual Classroom)
iii. Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q wk‣K-wk‣v_©x‡`i M‡elYvi c_ (Teacher-Student research at the grassroots level)|
2 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj
06. AvDU‡mvwm©s †m±i kw³kvjx:
D‧PMwZi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wi‡gvU IqvK© (Remote work), wd«j¨vwÝs (Freelancing) AvcIqvK© (Upwork),
dvBfvi (Fiverr) Ges AvDU‡mvwm©s (Outsourcing) †m±i AviI kw³kvjx n‡e| †UK ÷vU©Avc¸‡jv †Møvevj
gv‡K©‡Ui m‡½ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
07. MÖvgxY I Z…Yg~j A_©bxwZi weKvk:
evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY I Z…Yg~j A_©bxwZi weKv‡k †QvU I gvSvwi e¨emv cÖmv‡i Digital Connectivity B‡Zvg‡a¨
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‥wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| †mB RvqMvq ÷viwjs‡Ki D‧PMwZi B›Uvi‡bU MÖvgxY D‡`¨v³viv B-Kgvm©,
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs, AbjvBb †c‡g›U wm‡÷g BZ¨vw`‡Z hy³ n‡Z cvi‡eb| mivmwi kni I AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i cY¨
wewµ K‡i Zv‡`i e¨emvi cwimi evo‡Z cvi‡e|
08. cÖwZi¶v I wbivcËv Lv‡Z myweav:
m¨v‡UjvBU B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g mxgvšÍ I mgy`ªc…‡ôi wbivcËv e¨e¯'vcbv DbœZ Kiv hv‡e| †Wªvb Ges Smart
Security System e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|
09. GKm‡½ A‡b‡K e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i
÷viwjsK ivDUvi GKm‡½ 254 e¨enviKvix e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hw`I 50wUi Kg hš¿ e¨env‡ii civgk© †`qv nq|
10. wWwRUvj ˆelg¨ Kg‡e
÷viwjsK Pvjy n‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ AÂj¸‡jv‡ZI D‧PMwZi B›Uvi‡bU mnRjf¨ n‡e Ges Kg‡e kni I MÖv‡gi
g‡a¨ wWwRUvj ˆelg¨|
11. weKí my‡hvM
†`‡k we`¨gvb B›Uvi‡bU †mevi gvb wb‡q mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| m¨v‡UjvBU †mev G‡j huviv gvbm¤úbœ B›Uvi‡bU Pvb,
Zuv‡`i Rb¨ weKí my‡hvM ˆZwi n‡e|
12. `y‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q B›Uvi‡bU
`y‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q wbiew‧Qbœ †hvMv‡hvM wbwðZ Kivi †‣‡Î ÷viwjsK BwZevPK f‥wgKv ivL‡e|
13. B›Uvi‡bU †mevi `vg Kgv
evRv‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZv evovi d‡j B›Uvi‡bU †mevi `vgI Kg‡Z cv‡i|
14. ¯^v¯’¨, wk¶v I mvgvwRK m‡PZbZvq bvix‡`i AskMÖnY
D‧PMwZi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ NUv‡bv m¤¢e n‡e-
i. bvix‡`i gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb ¯^v¯'¨ †mev
ii. wkï ¯^v¯'¨
iii. AbjvBb wk¶v
iv. †Uwj-†gwWwmb
v. Mvn©¯'¨ I K…wl welqK Z_¨
vi. B-Kgvm© I cÖwk‣‡Yi my‡hvM m…wómn bvbv †‣‡Î

 ÷viwjsK B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Amyweav (Disadvantages of Starlink Internet):

01. wWfvB‡mi D”P g~j¨ :
÷viwjs‡Ki †mev wb‡Z wKQz miÃvg wKb‡Z n‡e| †mB ÷viwjsK wKU Gi g~j¨ 349 †_‡K 599 Wjvi ch©šÍ| hv
evsjv‡`wk UvKvq 43 †_‡K 74 nvRvi UvKv| Gi `vg A‡bK †ewk nIqvq MÖvgxY ch©v‡q e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
02. D”P gvwmK wd :
AvevwmK MÖvnK‡`i Rb¨ ÷viwjs‡Ki gvwmK me©wb¤œ wd 120 Wjvi (cÖvq 15 nvRvi UvKv)| Z‡e Ki‡cv‡iU
MÖvnK‡`i Rb¨ ÷viwjsK wK‡Ui `vg I gvwmK wd wظ‡Yi †ewk| hv ¯'vbxq ISP †hgb wewUwmGj, MÖvgxY,
evsjvwjs‡Ki †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| evsjv‡`‡ki mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨ e¨qeûj|
 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj 3
03. AvenvIqvi cÖfve: fvix e…wó ev †gNjv AvenvIqvq wmMb¨vj wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i|
04. cwi‡ekMZ D‡ØM: m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui msL¨v e…w× gnvKv‡k †Wweªm (Debris/ Space-junk) Ges Av‡jv `~l‡Yi SyuwK
evovq|

K…wÎg eyw×gËv (AI) A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i? gvbe m¤ú` Dbœq‡bi cÖwZeÜK bv n‡Z
KiYxq Kx?
K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev AvwU©wdwkqvj B‡›Uwj‡RÞ n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³, hv Z_¨ we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g hš¿ ev A¨vwcø‡Kkb‡K gvby‡li
eyw× I wPšÍvkw³i Av`‡j Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zv‡j| GwU Kw¤úDUvi weÁv‡bi GKwU kvLv, †hLv‡b gvby‡li eyw×gËv I
wPšÍvkw³‡K Kw¤úDUvi Øviv AbyK…Z Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
 K…wÎg eyw×gËv A_©bxwZ‡Z †hme P¨v‡jÄ ˆZwi Ki‡Q (AI poses challenges to the economy):
01. A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖfve:
K…wÎg eyw×gËvi DÐvb µ‡gB cwieZ©b wb‡q Avm‡Q A_©bxwZi A½‡b| †ev÷b Kbmvwës MÖæ‡ci fvl¨ g‡Z,
eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvq GAvB cÖ‡hvM Kiv †M‡j 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 2.6 wUªwjqb Wjvi ch©šÍ mvkÖqx n‡e|
02. fwel¨r PvKwi evRvi AI wbf©i:
mv¤cÖwZK wek¦ A_©‰bwZK †dvivg Zv‡`i ÔThe Future of Jobs Report 2025Õ-G we‡k¦i 1000 GiI †ewk
cÖwZôv‡bi Ici Rwic cwiPvjbv K‡i| Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvix-
kZvsk gšÍe¨
50% cÖwZôvb AI e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Zv‡`i e¨emvi KvVv‡gv cybM©V‡bi cwiKíbv K‡i‡Q
80% cÖwZôvb Kg©x‡`i AI m¤úwK©Z cÖwk‣Y cÖ`v‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q
67% cÖwZôvb AI `‣Zvm¤úbœ Kg©x wb‡qv‡Mi cwiKíbv Ki‡Q
G‡Z Avgiv mn‡RB Abygvb Ki‡Z cvwi, fwel¨r PvKwi evRvi AI-wbf©i n‡e Ges AI-i w`‡KB SyuK‡Q|
03. gvbe mf¨Zvi Rb¨ SyuwK:
K…wÎg eyw×gËvi (AI) m‣gZv I cwiwa cÖwZwbqZ evo‡Q| wkí LvZ, wPwKrmv, wk‣v me‡‣‡ÎB AI e¨envi n‡‧Q|
Z‡e G cÖhyw³ wb‡q mZK©evZ©vI w`‡q‡Qb we‡kølKiv| hy×v¯¿ ˆZwimn weaßsmx Kvh©µ‡g G cÖhyw³i e¨envi gvbe
mf¨Zv‡K wejywßi gy‡L †dj‡Z cv‡i|
04. Kg©ms¯’v‡b †bwZevPK cÖfve:
Ôg¨vwKbwRÕi Rwic ej‡Q, Av‡M †hgbUv fvev n‡qwQj, Zvi †P‡q `ªæZZvi m‡½ Kg©x ch©v‡q AI-Gi cÖfveRwbZ
cwieZ©b¸‡jv †`Lv hv‡e| 1Rb Kg©xi †gvU Kg©mg‡qi cÖvq 70% †‣‡ÎB AI Uzj¸‡jvi e¨envi cÖPwjZ n‡e Ges
2045 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Kg©x‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡Ri cÖvq A‡a©KB AI wb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i|
05. BwZevPK cÖfve:
AI-Gi M‡elYv ej‡Q, wPwVcÎ ev ¸iæZ¡c~Y© B‡gBj †jLv huv‡`i Kv‡Ri D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask, P¨vUwRwcwU (Chatgpt)
e¨env‡ii d‡j Zuv‡`i KvR Ki‡Z cvivi cwigvY I ‣gZv †e‡o †M‡Q| P¨vUeU mnKvix e¨envi K‡i mgq †eu‡P
hv‡‧Q 40% Ges Kv‡Ri ¸YMZ gvbI †e‡o‡Q 18%|
06. K…wÎg eyw×gËv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cÖwZ‡hvwMZv:
A_©bxwZ‡K bZzb AvKvi †`Iqv, AvšÍR©vwZK wbivcËv mxgv‡iLv cwieZ©b I e…nr LvZ‡K cÖfvweZ Kivi m¤¢vebv
_vKvq we‡k¦i A‡bK †`‡ki miKviB K…wÎg eyw×gËv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Q|
07. Dbœqb I e¨env‡i bvbv SyuwK:
K…wÎg eyw×gËvi Dbœqb I e¨env‡i bvbv SyuwK ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv gvbevwaKvi I †gŠwjK ¯^vaxbZvi myi‣v, cÖPvi
Ges weKv‡k ‣wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi ZvB we‡k¦i cÖvq me †`kB GAvB‡qi weKvk wb‡q wPwšÍZ|
4 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj
 K…wÎg eyw×gËv gvbe m¤ú` Dbœq‡b cÖwZeÜK bv n‡Z KiYxq Kx (What can be done to prevent AI
from becoming an obstacle to human resource developments):
01. wk¶vi gvb Dbœqb:
evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv †`‡k, †hLv‡b RbmsL¨vi eo Ask GLbI gvbm¤§Z wk‣vi AvIZvi evB‡i, †mLv‡b AI wk¶vi mvgwMÖK gvb
Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‥wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i, hv mgZvwfwËK wk‣vi my‡hvM m…wó I we¯Ív‡i weivU Ae`vb ivL‡e|
02. KvwiMwi `¶Zv e„w×:
AI-i Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K n‡jv, KvwiMwi `‣Zv e…w×| evsjv‡`k GLb PZz_© wkí wecø‡ei (4IR) hy‡M cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q|
G Ae¯'vq wk‣v_©x‡`i Rb¨ AI I Ab¨vb¨ D™¢vebx cÖhyw³ †kLv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi, hv Zv‡`i fwel¨r Kg©ms¯'vb wbwðZ Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ Ki‡e Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‥wgKv ivL‡e|
03. we‡`wk wewb‡qvM AvKl©Y:
K…wÎg eyw×gËv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k cÖhyw³ I D™¢ve‡b we‡`wk wewb‡qvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cv‡i, wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡Z
wb‡R‡K 1wU cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK µxovbK wnmv‡e Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i|
04. ZiæY cÖRb¥‡K Kg©kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi:
ZiæY cÖRb¥‡K Kg©kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z K…wÎg eyw×gËv‡K 1wU kw³kvjx nvwZqvi wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| mgMÖ c…w_ex Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i e¨emvq A_ev Kv‡R K…wÎg eyw×gËv‡K mvwe©Kfv‡e mshy³ Ki‡Q| ZvB eZ©gv‡b
K…wÎg eyw×gËv cÖhyw³ msewjZ mdUIq¨vi ˆZwi, wd«j¨vwÞs‡qi e¨envi, wewµ evsjv‡`‡ki ZiæY mgv‡Ri Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ
jvfRbK GKwU e¨emvi Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i|
05. mvkÖqx g~‡j¨ KvwiMwi I e„wËg~jK wk¶vi e¨e¯’v:
K…wÎg eyw×gËv wk‣v cÖ`vbKvix B-jvwb©s cø¨vUdg©¸‡jv KvwiMwi I e…wËg~jK `‣Zvq mvkÖqx g~‡j¨i e¨w³MZ I ¯'vbxq
cÖwk‣Y cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| K…wÎg eyw×gËv cwiPvwjZ miÃvg¸‡jv wk‣v_©x‡`i kw³ I AvMÖn we‡kølY K‡i Dchy³
K¨vwiqvi c_ Ges cÖwk‣Y Kg©m~wPi civgk© w`‡Z cv‡i|
06. wd«j¨vÝ Lv‡Zi AMÖMwZ‡Z:
AbjvBb K…wÎg eyw×gËv (AI) cø¨vUdg©¸‡jv‡Z ZiæYiv wd«j¨vÞ (Freelance) Ges `~ieZ©x PvKwii evRv‡i mshy³ n‡Z
cv‡i, †hLv‡b Zviv evsjv‡`‡k Ae¯'vb K‡i wek¦e¨vcx KvR I †iwgU¨vÞ Avq Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
07. kni I MÖv‡gi wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ ˆelg¨ Kgv‡Z f‚wgKv:
1wU †kÖwYi cÖ‡Z¨K wk‣v_©xi †kLvi AMÖMwZ, cv‡V m¤ú…³Zv Ges cvidig¨v‡Þi Z_¨ msMÖn, ch©‡e‣Y K‡i Gi Av‡jv‡K
cÖ‡Z¨K wk‣v_©xi Rb¨ Avjv`v †kLvi AwfÁZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i AI; hvi gva¨‡g G ai‡bi cÖhyw³ Avgv‡`i kni I
MÖv‡gi wk‣v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ ˆelg¨ Kgv‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e e‡j Avgiv Avkvev`x|
08. bZzb Kg©ms¯’vb D™¢veb:
bZzb wkí, ÷vU©Avc (Startup), AvDU‡mvwm©s‡q (Outsourcing) K…wÎg eyw×gËvi µgweKvk Ges wWwRUvj cwi‡levi
Ici `…wó cÖhyw³ †‣‡Î bZzb Kg©ms¯'vb D™¢veb‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡e|
09. DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ˆZwi:
K…wÎg eyw×gËv ¯^v¯'¨‡mev mieivn‡K DbœZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, LiP Kgv‡Z cv‡i Ges Drcv`bkxjZv DbœZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv
Kg©kw³i ¯^v‡¯'¨i DbœwZ NUv‡e| GwU c‡iv‣fv‡e A_©‰bwZK cÖe…w×i nvi evov‡e|
 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj 5
wd«j¨vwÝs (Freelancing) wK? evsjv‡`‡k Gi Ae`vb wK? G Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡b KiYxq m¤ú‡K© wjLyb|
wd«j¨vwÝs (Freelancing) n‡‧Q hLb †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb wbw`©ó cÖwZôv‡b KvR bv K‡i Pzw³wfwËK wewfbœ cÖwZôvb ev e¨w³i KvR
K‡i _v‡Kb| GKRb wd«j¨vÞv‡ii †hiKg i‡q‡Q Kv‡Ri aib wba©vi‡Yi ¯^vaxbZv, †Zgwb i‡q‡Q hLb B‧Qv ZLb KvR Kivi
¯^vaxbZv| †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv mvaviYZ AvDU‡mvwm©s (Outsourcing) K‡i Drcv`b LiP Kgv‡bvi Rb¨| wd«j¨vwÞs G me‡P‡q
RbwcÖq KvR n‡jvÑ
i. Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs A¨vÛ †UK (Computer Programming and Technology)
ii. MÖvwd· wWRvBb (Graphic Design)
iii. ivBwUs A¨vÛ Uªv‡Þ‡jkb (Writing and Translation)
iv. wfwWI A¨vÛ Gwbg¨vkb (Video and Animation)
v. wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs (Digital Marketing)
vi. I‡qe wWRvBb (Web Design)
vii. Uª¨v• dvBj cÖ¯`wZ (Tax File)
viii. mvP© BwÃb AcwUgvB‡Rkb (Search Engine Outimization)
 †hfv‡e wd«j¨vwÝs Kiv nq (Process of Freelancing):
wd«j¨vwÞs n‡‧Q B›Uvi‡b‡U †Kvb K›Uªv± Gi KvR‡K K‡i †`qv| B›Uvi‡b‡U †ek wKQz gv‡K©U‡cøm (Market Place) i‡q‡Q
†h¸‡jv‡Z wewfbœ e¨w³ I cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR †cv÷ K‡i Ges wd«j¨vÞviiv (Freelancers) G KvR¸‡jv‡K
wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv K‡i KgwcøU K‡i †`q| KvR¸‡jv wewfbœ gv‡K©U‡cø‡m welqwfwËK fv‡e Avjv`v Avjv`v Kiv _v‡K| wd«j¨vÝvi
wn‡m‡e Avq Ki‡Z PvB‡j Gme gv‡K©U‡cø‡m 1g †iwR‡÷ªkb K‡i KvR cvIqvi Rb¨ Gwcø‡Kkb Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš` Av‡e`b
Ki‡jB mv‡_ mv‡_ KvR cvIqv hv‡e welqUv Ggb bq G‡‣‡Î Kv‡Ri `‣Zv me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq|
 wd«j¨vwÝs Lv‡Zi Ae`vb (Contribution of Freelancing Sector):
01. †eKvi hyeK‡`i Kg©ms¯’vb
cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi (BBS) me©‡kl wnmve Abymv‡i, †`‡k eZ©gv‡b 7 †KvwU 38 jvL gvbyl kÖgevRv‡i i‡q‡Q| Gi
g‡a¨ 27 jvL gvbyl †eKvi- 4.2% (cÖ_g Av‡jv: 8gvP©, 2025)| 24 jvL gvbyl cÖwZeQi PvKwii evRv‡i XzK‡Q|
wd«j¨vwÞs LvZ AmsL¨ wkw‣Z Ziæ‡bi Kg©ms¯'v‡bi e¨e¯'v Ki‡Q|
02. A_©bxwZ‡Z BwZevPK cÖfve:
wd«j¨vwÞs ïay Kg©ms¯'v‡bi bZzb my‡hvM ˆZwi Ki‡Q bv, eis ZiæY‡`i Rb¨ D‧P Av‡qi GKwU m¤¢vebvgq †‣Î n‡q
D‡V‡Q|
03. †iwgU¨vÝ cÖevn kw³kvjx:
WjviwfwËK Av‡qi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki †iwgU¨vÞ cÖevn AviI kw³kvjx n‡‧Q, hv A_©‰bwZK w¯'wZkxjZv eRvq ivL‡Z
mnvqZv Ki‡Q|
04. †`‡ki PvKwii evRv‡i `¶ †jvK ˆZwi:
wd«j¨vwms‡qi wWgvwÛs w¯‹j (Demanding Skill) G cvi`k©x _vK‡j †Kej B›Uvib¨kbvj gv‡K©U‡cøm bv, †`‡ki wewfbœ
AvBwU †Kv¤úvwb‡ZI PvKzwii Rb¨ †hvM¨ cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e| KviY †`‡ki PvKwii evRv‡i
wk‣vMZ mvwU©wd‡KU Gi cvkvcvwk AvBwU w¯‹jUv (IT Skill) AvRKvj we‡klfv‡e cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv n‡‧Q|
05. AvšÍR©vwZK ¯^xK…wZ:
evsjv‡`‡ki wd«j¨vwÞs LvZ AvšÍR©vwZK ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q| 2025 mv‡j gvwK©b CEO world cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`‡b
evsjv‡`k‡K we‡k¦i kxl© 30wU wd«j¨vwÞs MšÍ‡e¨i ZvwjKvq 29Zg ¯'v‡b ivLv n‡q‡Q| GB ¯^xK…wZ cÖgvY K‡i †h,
evsjv‡`wk wd«j¨vÞviiv wek¦e¨vcx cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K _vKvi g‡Zv `‣Zv AR©b K‡i‡Qb|
06. cÖhyw³MZ `¶Zv e„w×:
wd«j¨vwÞs Gi gva¨‡g †`‡ki ZiæY-ZiæYx‡`i cÖhyw³MZ `‣Zv e…w× cv‡‧Q |
6 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj
 wd«j¨vwÝs Lv‡Z P¨v‡jÄ /wcwQ‡q covi KviY (Challenges of Freelancing):
01. `¶ †jv‡Ki Afve:
Z_¨cÖhyw³ I wd«j¨vwÞs LvZ mswkøóiv ej‡Qb, †`‡k wd«j¨vÞvi evo‡jI `‣ Kv‡Ri †jvK GL‡bv LyeB Kg|
02. nVvr wcwQ‡q co‡Q evsjv‡`k:
A•‡dvW© B›Uvi‡bU Bbw÷wUDU 2017 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wd«j¨vwÞs Lv‡Zi fv‡jv m¤¢vebvi Bw½Z w`‡qwQj| G Qvov
wewfbœ cÖwZôvbI evsjv‡`k‡K wd«j¨vÞvi‡`i kxl© †`k wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡qwQj| Z‡e PjwZ eQ‡ii GwcÖ‡j CEO
g¨vMvwR‡b cÖKvwkZ ZvwjKvq wd«j¨vÞvi‡`i kxl© 25 †`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki RvqMv nqwb| evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯'vb 29Zg|
Gi KviY wn‡m‡e RvZxq `‣Zv Dbœqb KZ©…c‣ (NSDA) gvb I `‣Zvi NvUwZi K_v e‡j‡Q|
03. ¸YMZ cÖwk¶‡Yi Afve:
`‣Zv m¤úbœ wd«j¨vÞvi M‡o Zzj‡Z ¸YMZ cÖwk‣‡Yi Afve i‡q‡Q| GQvovI i‡q‡Q wKQz Amvay Pµ, hviv wd«j¨vwÞs
KvR I cÖwk‣Y †`Iqvi bv‡g jvL jvL UvKv AvZ¥mvr K‡i‡Q|
04. †ccvj Pvjy bv nIqv:
†ccvj wm‡÷g evsjv‡`‡k GL‡bv Pvjy bv nIqvq hviv GB Lv‡Z KvR K‡ib, Zviv eo A‡¼i UvKv e¨q K‡i Zv‡`i
Kv‡Ri cvwikÖwgK †`‡k Av‡bb|
05. Bswjk w¯‹j (English Skill):
wd«j¨vwÞs Gi Rb¨ Bswjk w¯‹j †W‡fjc Kiv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| KviY AwaKvsk evqviiv Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri we¯ÍvwiZ
Bs‡iwR‡Z w`‡q _v‡Kb| wKš` evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk hye‡Ki Bswjk w¯‹j gvbm¤§Z bq|
06. wd«j¨vwÝs‡q Avm‡Qb bv †gavexiv:
¯^íwkw‣Z Ges PvKwi bv cvIqv A‡b‡Ki †kl fimv¯'j wn‡m‡eB GL‡bv cwiwPZ wd«j¨vwÞs LvZ| wd«j¨vwÞs wb‡q hZB
BwZevPK K_vevZ©v †nvK, GL‡bv †`‡ki †gavex ZiæYiv G Kv‡R Lye Kg Avm‡Qb|
07. B›Uvi‡b‡Ui wb¤œMwZ I weåvU:
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui wb¤œMwZ I Nb Nb weåvUI evsjv‡`‡ki wd«j¨vÞvi‡`i Kv‡Ri †‣‡Î gvivZ¥K e¨vNvZ NUvq| wek¦e¨vs‡Ki
ÔDigital Progress and Trends Report- 2023Õ Abyhvqx gv‡m AšÍZ 7 evi evsjv‡`wk MÖvnKiv B›Uvi‡bU weåv‡Ui
k¼vq _v‡Kb| G‡Z ˆewk¦K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Zviv wcwQ‡q c‡ob|
08. D”P cvwikÖwg‡Ki KvR Kg nIqv:
Avgv‡`i †`‡k mvaviYZ wb¤œ cvwikÖwg‡Ki KvR †ewk nq| †Mg †W‡fjwcs (Game Developing), ev‡qv‡gwWK¨vj
Kb‡U›U ivBwUs (Bio-medical Content Writing), fvP©yqvj A¨vwm÷¨v›Uwk‡ci (Virtual Assistantship) g‡Zv D‧P
cvwikÖwg‡Ki KvR Lye Kg nq|
09. wd«j¨vÝvi‡`i ¯^xK…wZ:
wd«j¨vÞvi‡`i mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GKwU mgm¨v| cwievi, mgvR Z_v iv‡óª wd«j¨vwms‡qi ¯^xK…wZ LyeB Kg|
10. ˆewk¦K gvb`Ð Abyhvqx Kg Avq:
evsjv‡`‡k wd«j¨vÞvi‡`i Avq ˆewk¦K gvb`‡Ði Zzjbvq h‡_ó Kg| evsjv‡`‡ki I‡qe †W‡fjcviiv cÖwZ NÈvq 10
†_‡K 25 Wjvi Avq K‡i, hv AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i 25 †_‡K 50 Wjvi|
11. `yb©xwZi Rb¨ A‡nZzK cÖKí MÖnY:
wd«j¨vÞ AvDU‡mvwm©s cÖwk‣Y †`Iqvi bvg K‡i kZ kZ †KvwU UvKvi cÖKí ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q| miKv‡ii AvBwmwU
wefvM wewfbœ cÖKí MÖnY K‡i| †hgbÑ
i. evwo e‡m eo‡jvK
ii. jvwb©s A¨vÛ Avwb©s
iii. wdj¨vÞvi Uz G›Uvi‡cÖwbDi
iv. †gvevBj A¨vcm cÖwk‣K I m…Rbkxj A¨vcm Dbœqb
 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj 7
v. nvB‡UK cv‡K©i Aax‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi AvBwU cÖwk‣Y
vi. bvixi `‣Zv Dbœq‡b Her Power
vii. wek¦e¨vs‡Ki A_©vq‡b Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment and Governance mn AMwYZ cÖKí|
Gme cÖKí G Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡b †KvbI f‥wgKv iv‡Lwb eis `yb©xwZi gva¨‡g A_©¸‡jv †jvcvU n‡q‡Q|

 wd«j¨vÝ AvDU‡mvwm©s Lv‡Z GwM‡q †h‡Z KiYxq:

01. Tech Umbrella:
Pwe߇ki MYAfz¨Ðv‡bi dmj wn‡m‡e Avmv AšÍe©Z©x miKvi‡K †`‡ki †eKvi ZiæY‡`i K_v fve‡ZB n‡e| G †‣‡Î
Z_¨cÖhyw³wbf©i `‣ Rbkw³ Movq bRi w`‡Z n‡e| AvBwmwUwbf©i `‣ Rbkw³ ˆZwii cy‡iv Kvh©µg‡K GKwU
QvZvi (Tech Umbrella) wb‡P Avb‡Z n‡e|
02. Training Authority MVb:
AvBwmwU wefv‡Mi AvIZvq cÖwk‣Y-mswkøó Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ A_wiwU/ms¯'v Pvjy Kiv Riæwi| G ms¯'vwUi
Kv‡Q _vK‡Z n‡e †`‡ki ZiæY Rb‡Mvôxi cy‡iv †WUv‡eR|
03. evRvi Pvwn`v wfwËK wkÿv:
evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb wk‣vg~jK Kg©m~wPi m‡½ evRv‡ii Pvwn`vi dvivK i‡q‡Q| D`xqgvb cÖhyw³ †hgb mvBevi
wbivcËv, K…wÎg eyw×gËv (AI) I †gwkb jvwb©s (Machine Learning) AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
04. cÖwkÿY evZvqb Avc‡WU Kiv:
wbe܇bi Rb¨ AvBwmwU wefv‡Mi ÔcÖwk‣Y evZvqbÕ bv‡g cø¨vUdg© _vK‡jI †Zgb nvjvbvMv` Z_¨ †bB| G ai‡bi
cø¨vUdg© Kvh©Ki _vK‡j `‣ Rbkw³ M‡o †Zvjv hv‡e| G‡Z †Uªwbs †Kv¤úvwbi duvwKevwR eÜ n‡e| Avevi
KZmsL¨K ZiæY cÖwk‣Y wbj, Zviv †Kv_vq Kx Ki‡Q, ZvI GLvb †_‡K Rvbv hv‡e|
05. IT ¯œvZK‡`i cÖwkÿY:
†`‡k eQ‡i 20 †_‡K 25 nvRvi AvBwU mœvZK †ei nb| GB wk‣v_©x‡`iI h_vh_ cÖwk‣Y †`qv †M‡j Zviv
wd«j¨vwÞs LvZ‡K A‡bK GwM‡q wb‡Z cvi‡eb|
06. we‡`wk fvlvq `ÿZv AR©b:
evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK wd«j¨vÞv‡ii we‡`wk fvlvi `‣Zv †bB| GB mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ we‡`wk fvlv wk‣vi e¨e¯'v
Kiv `iKvi|
07. cÖ‡dkbvj †Kv¤úvwb‡K cÖwkÿY:
hviv cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e eQ‡ii ci eQi `‣ Rbkw³ ˆZwi K‡i Avm‡Q, G iKg cÖwk‣Y`vZv cÖ‡dkbvj
†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv‡K KvR w`‡Z n‡e| Zv‡Z Gme cÖwZôvb †hgb `‣ Bbw÷wUDU wn‡m‡e M‡o IVvi my‡hvM cv‡e,
†Zgwb `‣ Rbkw³ Mo‡ZI Zviv f‥wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡e|
08. Joint Venture V¨vKv‡bv:
R‡q›U †fÂv‡ii bv‡g `‣ †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ ivR‰bwZKmn bvbv we‡ePbvq A`‣ †Kv¤úvwbi hy³ nIqv Kxfv‡e
†VKv‡bv hvq, †mwUI we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e|
09. KvR Avb‡Z Lobbyst wb‡qvM:
KvR Avbvi †‣‡Î wewfbœ †`‡ki m‡½ m¤úK© †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. Paypal Payment System Pvjy:
AvDU‡mvwm©s Gi A_© †`‡k Avbvi Rb¨ Paypal Ges Ab¨vb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK †c‡g›U wm‡÷g mnRjf¨ Kivi Ici ¸iæZ¡
w`‡Z n‡e|
8 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj
B-Kgvm© (E-commerce) wK? B Kgvm© Lv‡Zi we`¨gvb mgm¨v I mgm¨v mgvav‡b KiYxq?
g~jZ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cY¨ µq-weµq n‡‧Q E-commerce| A_©vr E-commerce n‡jv B›Uvi‡bU †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g
B‡jKUªwbK hš¿cvwZ †hgb e¨w³MZ Kw¤úDUvi, j¨vcUc, U¨ve‡jU, †gvevBj †dvb BZ¨vw` e¨envi K‡i I‡qe I B‡j±ªwbK
WvUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mKj cÖKv‡ii †fŠZ Ges wWwRUvj cY¨ I †mev µq-weµq Kiv‡K †evSvq| GwU g~jZ AbjvB‡b
e¨emv cwiPvjbvi GKwU AvaywbK wWwRUvj gva¨g, hv miKv‡ii wewfbœ †‣Îmg~‡ni g‡a¨Ñ
i. mgš^q mvab (Coordinate)
ii. e¨emvwqK †jb‡`b (Business Transactions)
iii. †hvMv‡hvM mnRxKiY (Facilitating Commonication)
iv. mviv‡`‡k e¨vcKnv‡i Kg©ms¯'v‡bi my‡hvM m…wó K‡i (Employment Generation)

 †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z B-Kgvm© Lv‡Zi Ae`vb (Contribution of E-commerce to the Country’s Economy):
01. A_©bxwZ‡Z bZzb GK gvÎv:
AbjvBbwfwËK e¨emv, A_©vr E-commerce †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z bZzb GK gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q| eû ZiæY D‡`¨v³v
Ges ÿz`ª I gvSvwi e¨emvqxiv wb‡R‡`i mg…w×i Rb¨ E-commerce-†K Aej¤^b wn‡m‡e †e‡Q wb‡‧Qb Ges mdjI
n‡‧Qb| Gi cvkvcvwk eû gvbyl †Wwjfvwig¨vb (Delivery-man) wn‡m‡e †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡qI ¯^vej¤^x
n‡q DV‡Qb|
02. †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Y f‚wgKv:
B-Kgv‡m©i we¯Í…wZi d‡j bZzb bZzb Kg©ms¯'v‡bi my‡hvM m…wó n‡q‡QÑ
i. AbjvBb †÷vi cwiPvjbv
ii. cY¨ mieivn
iii. Kv÷gvi mvwf©m
iv. wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs
v. I‡qe †W‡fjc‡g›U cÖf…wZ|
03. m¤¢vebvgq evRvi:
UNB Gi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx- 2021 mv‡j †`‡ki E-commerce Gi evRvi wQ‡jv cÖvq 568.70 wewjqb UvKv, hv
2022 G cÖvq 660 wewjqb UvKvq †cuŠQvq| ïay ZvB bq, Avkv Kiv n‡‧Q 2026 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †`‡ki E-commerce
evRvi cÖvq 1.5 wUªwjqb UvKvq †cuŠ‡Qv‡e|
04. MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi weKvk:
MÖv‡g e‡mI GKRb ZiæY AbjvBbwfwËK E-commerce-Gi gva¨‡g mviv †`‡ki †fv³v‡`i Kv‡Q Zuvi cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q
w`‡Z cvi‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i XvKvi evB‡i K…wlwfwËK B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v‡Mi msL¨v evo‡QB|
05. †`kxq wk‡íi weKvk:
†`kxq wk‡íi weKvk, D‡`¨v³v ˆZwi Ges Kg©ms¯'v‡bi my‡hvM m…wó K‡i GB LvZ RvZxq A_©bxwZi AMÖMwZ‡Z f‥wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Q|
06. `ªæZ ea©bkxj AbjvBb cø¨vUdg©:
†`‡k AbjvBbwbf©i cø¨vUdg© e¨envi K‡i E-commerce I Facebook-commerce (F- Commerce) Kx cwigvY
cÖwZôvb e¨emv Ki‡Q, cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Zvi GKwU cwimsL¨vb cÖKvk K‡i‡Q evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv (BBS). m¤cÖwZ
cÖKvwkZ A_©‰bwZK ïgvwi 2024 Abymv‡i, †`‡ki 1 jvL 16 nvRvi 978wU cÖwZôvb wb‡R‡`i †mev I cY¨ †ePv‡Kbv,
†jb‡`bmn wewfbœ Kvh©µg AbjvBb cø¨vUd‡g© K‡i _v‡K|
†emiKvwi M‡elYv cÖwZôvb Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)-Gi 1wU M‡elYvi wnmve w`‡q E-commerce-i
evRvi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi m¤¢vebvi wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †dmey‡K mwµq Ggb †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 3q e…nËg †`k|
2027 mv‡j IwUwU cø¨vUdg© (OTT Platform) e¨enviKvixi msL¨v `uvov‡e 1 †KvwU 13 jvL|
 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj 9
07. ÿz`ª I gvSvwi D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨ bZzb m¤¢vebv
E-commerce Lv‡Zi weKvk ÿz`ª I gvSvwi D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨ bZzb m¤¢vebv ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| A‡bK ZiæY D‡`¨v³v
AbjvBbwfwËK e¨emv ïiæ Ki‡Qb Ges wbR¯^ eª¨vÛ M‡o Zzj‡Qb|
08. kni I MÖvgv‡ji ga¨Kvi ˆelg¨ `~i
E-commerce-i we¯Í…wZ kni I MÖvgv‡ji ga¨Kvi ˆelg¨ Kwg‡q Avb‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| GLb Avi MÖvgv‡ji gvbyl‡K
kn‡i wM‡q †KbvKvUv Ki‡Z n‡‧Q bv, eis AbjvBb cø¨vUd‡g©i gva¨‡g Zviv mn‡RB cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨ wKb‡Z cvi‡Qb|
GKBfv‡e, D‡`¨v³viv kn‡ii evB‡i †_‡KI Zv‡`i cY¨ I †mev mviv †`‡k †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cvi‡Qb|
 B-Kgvm© Lv‡Zi mgm¨v (Challenges of E-commerce):
01. m¤cÖwZ Lye Aí mg‡q `ªæZ RbwcÖqZv cvIqv K‡qKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi weiæ‡× kZ kZ †KvwU UvKv AvZ¥mvZmn MÖvnK
I gv‡P©›U‡`i mv‡_ cÖZviYvi Awf‡hvM I‡V| K‡qKwU cÖwZôv‡bi weiæ‡× cÖZviYvi Awf‡hvM IVvi ci †MvUv LvZwU GLb
fzM‡Q Av¯'vi msK‡U|
02. †µZv AwaKvi myi‣vq h_vh_ bxwZgvjv †bB|
03. eZg©v‡b †`‡k †h E-commerce mvBU¸‡jv i‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i me¸‡jvB wek¦¯Í bq| wKQz cÖwZôvb mwVK cY¨, mwVK mg‡q
mieivn, mwVK `vg wbwðZ K‡i bv, d‡j †µZviv cÖZvwiZ-weow¤^Z nb|
04. mgm¨v i‡q‡Q †c‡g›U wm‡÷g wb‡qI| evsjv‡`‡k E-commerce †jb‡`‡bi wmsnfvM GL‡bv K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwi
cÖwµqv‡Z n‡q _v‡K| Kv‡W© †jb‡`b GL‡bv A‡bK Kg| KviY evsjv‡`k e¨vsK m¤ú~Y©i~‡c Payment Switch Pvjy Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb|
05. cY¨ cwienb e¨e¯'vq E-commerce e¨emvi Rb¨ h_vh_ bq|
06. Av‡iv Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q, †c‡g›U †MUI‡q †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jv D‧P nv‡i PvR© K‡i|
07. Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †cÖ‣vc‡U mviv‡`‡k †h‡nZz E-commerce GLbI cy‡ivcywifv‡e cÖwZwôZ nqwb, ZvB bv PvB‡jI
†KbvKvUv Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q †µZv‡`i evRvigyLx n‡Z n‡‧Q|
08. Avgv‡`i †`‡k E-commerce-Gi †µZviv g~jZ kni‡Kw›`ªK|
09. Lye fv‡jv mieivn k…sLj M‡o D‡Vwb|
 B-Kgv‡m©i mgm¨v mgvav‡b KiYxq:
01. `ªæZMwZi B›Uvi‡bU wbwðZ Kiv:
E-commerce Kvh©µg B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Ici cy‡ivUvB wbf©ikxj| kni ev MÖvg me RvqMvq `ªæZMwZi B›Uvi‡bU wbwðZ
Kiv Riæwi| `ªæZMwZi B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM cvIqvi evav `~i Ki‡j MÖvg I kn‡i A‡bK D‡`¨v³v ˆZwi n‡e| cvkvcvwk
myjf g~‡j¨ B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvMcÖvwß E-commerce e¨emv‡K AviI Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡e|
02. mnR k‡Z© e¨vsK FY:
E-commerce D‡`¨v³viv hv‡Z mnR k‡Z© e¨vsK FY cvq †mwUI wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| E-commerce D‡`¨v³v‡`i
my`gy³ I webv Rvgvb‡Z FY w`‡j RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z BwZevPK f‥wgKv ivLv hv‡e||
03. cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv:
E-commerce Lv‡Zi ÿz`ª I gvSvwi D‡`¨v³v‡`i (SME) e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ I `‣Zv evov‡Z wb‡¤œv³ wel‡q
cÖwk‣Y †`Iqvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡eÑ
 jwRw÷Km e¨e¯'vcbv (Logistics Management)
 wWwRUvj wecYb (Digital Marketing)
 Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g›U (Inventory Management)
 µvDW dvwÛs (Crowdfunding)
 †WUv A¨vbvjvBwmm (Data Analysis)
04. wWwRUvj †jb‡`b‡K Drmvn cÖ`vb:
bM` A‡_©i Ici wbf©iZv Kwg‡q wWwRUvj †jb‡`b‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡‣‡Î wWwRUvj †jb‡`‡bi LiP
Kgv‡Z n‡e|
10 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj
05. wkí wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`qv:
wWwRUvj ev AbjvBb cø¨vUdg© e¨envi K‡i E-commerce ev AbjvBb e¨emv‡K BÛvw÷ª ev wkí wn‡m‡e †NvlYv
†`qv| †UªW jvB‡mÞ K¨vUvMwi‡Z E-commerce ev AbjvBb e¨emv‡K mshy³ Kiv|
06. ÷vU©Avc‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv:
÷vU©Avc ms¯‹…wZ Dbœq‡b †g›Uiwkc e¨e¯'v, DbœZ wWwRUvj AeKvVv‡gv, cyuwRevRv‡i ZvwjKvfzw³i bxwZ mnR Kiv
Ges Ki cÖ‡Yv`bv cÖ`vb Kiv Riæwi|
07. we‡`wk wewb‡qvM‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv:
E-commerce Lv‡Zi weKv‡k we‡`wk wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i Av¯'v †div‡Z n‡e| e¨emvevÜe cwi‡ek I mnvqK bxwZgvjv
cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z we‡`wk wewb‡qvMKvixiv DrmvwnZ n‡e|
08. myjf g~‡j¨ ¯§vU©‡dvb:
mevi wWwRUvj AšÍf©yw³ wbwðZ Ki‡Z ¯§vU©‡dvb e¨env‡ii Ici we‡kl †Rvi †`qv DwPZ| ¯§vU©‡dvb Avg`vwb I ¯'vbxq
Drcv`‡b ïé Kgv‡bvi cvkvcvwk ¯^í Av‡qi gvby‡li Rb¨ fZ©ywKi e¨e¯'v Kiv DwPZ|
09. Digital Commerce Cell Kvh©Ki I Gi m¶gZv evov‡bv:
evwYR¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Digital Commerce Cell-†K Active Kiv Riæwi| G‡Z †jvKej evov‡bv Ges Z_¨cÖhyw³ Ávb
m¤úbœ gvbem¤ú` wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GB †mj cÖ‡qvR‡b K…wÎg eyw×gËv e¨envi Ki‡e| GLv‡b Avjv`v BDwbU
_vK‡Z cv‡i ÔAvwU©wdwmqvj B‡›Uwj‡RwÞ BDwbU (Arrtificial Intelligence Unit)Õ bv‡g|
10. Central Complaint Management System ˆZwi Kiv:
evwYR¨ gš¿Yvjq/†fv³v AwaKvi msi¶Y Awa`߇ii gva¨‡g Central Complaint Management System ˆZwi
Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z †µZv we‡µZv I Ab¨vb¨ c‣ mshy³ _vK‡e| G‡Z E-cab-mn mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb I wefvM‡K
ch©‡e‣K wn‡m‡e hy³ Kiv hv‡e|
11. mgm¨v cÖwZKv‡i AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvM:
†fv³v AwaKvi msi‣Y Awa`ßi ev evsjv‡`k cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Kwgkb Zv‡`i ‣gZv cÖ‡qvM Kivi gva¨‡g
Awfhy³‡`i weiæ‡× Zvr‣wYK e¨e¯'v I †`vlx me¨¯Í n‡j AvB‡bi AvIZvq G‡b †`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvB‡b kvw¯Í cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
12. wWwRUvj evwYR¨ KZ©„cÿ AvBb-2023:
 wg_¨v Z_¨ w`‡q cY¨ wewµ Ki‡j AbjvBb wewµZv‡K 2 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ð Abv`v‡q 10 jvL UvKv Rwigvbv A_ev
Dfq `‡Ði weavb|
 wba©vwiZ mg‡q cY¨ ev †mev mieivn bv Ki‡j g~‡j¨i 3¸b Rwigvbv Av‡ivc Ki‡e KZ©…cÿ| Abv`v‡q 3 gvm
webvkÖg Kviv`Ð|
 wbwl× cY¨ wewµi †ÿ‡Î 3 eQi Kviv`Ð ev 10 jvL UvKv Rwigvbv Av‡ivc|

Ôevsjv‡`k m¨v‡UjvBU- 1Õ cÖK‡íi `yb©xwZ I Awbqg m¤ú‡K© wjLyb|

ÒBangladesh-1 Satellite: Another white elephantÓ
- Columnist Mahmudul Hasan.
AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii me‡P‡q e¨qeûj cÖK‡íi GKwU evsjv‡`k m¨v‡UjvBU Avw_©K Black Hole-G cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
miKv‡ii ‣wZi cwigvY `uvov‡Z cv‡i 1500 †KvwU UvKviI †ewk| evsjv‡`k m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui Rb¨ †h wewb‡qvM n‡q‡Q Zv D‡V
Avmvi m¤¢vebv †bB| mwVKfv‡e evRvi hvPvB bv K‡iB `yb©xwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ G Lv‡Z wecyj A_© wewb‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
01. 1500 †KvwU UvKviI †ewk ¶wZ:
mswkøóiv ej‡Qb evsjv‡`k m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui Kvi‡Y miKv‡ii 1500 †KvwU UvKviI †ewk ‣wZ n‡Z P‡j‡Q| GB
m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui †ewkifvM MÖvnK ¯'vbxq wUwf †÷kb hv‡`i †_‡K GB wekvj cÖK‡íi e¨q †Zvjv m¤¢e bq|
 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj 11
02. m¶gZvi †_‡K A‡bK Kg e¨envi (Underutilization):
d«vÞwfwËK _¨v‡jm A¨v‡jwbqv †¯ú‡mi ˆZwi m¨v‡UjvBUwU m‣gZvi †P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigv‡Y Kg e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GLb ch©šÍ wm-e¨vÛ wd«‡Kv‡qwÞi gvÎ 59% wewµ n‡q‡Q Ges KU-e¨v‡Ûi 25% wewµ Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| wm-e¨vÛ e…wó‡Z
fv‡jv Ki‡jI Gi Rb¨ eo A¨v‡›Ubvi cÖ‡qvRb nq, Ab¨w`‡K KU-e¨vÛ †ewk e¨vÛDBW_ w`‡Z cvi‡jI AvenvIqv
Lvivc _vK‡j Gi KvR e¨vnZ nq|
03. AiweUvj ¯ø‡Ui Rb¨ AwZwi³ g~j¨:
AiweUvj ¯ø‡Ui Rb¨ ivwkqv‡K 36 wgwjqb Wjvi w`‡q‡Q evsjv‡`k| we‡klÁ‡`i g‡Z, GB †c‡g›U A‡bK †ewk wQj|
GB ai‡bi ¯ø‡Ui Rb¨ mvaviYZ 8 †_‡K 10 wgwjqb Wjvi †`Iqv nq|
04. ÎæwUc~Y© m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB:
m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB ÎæwUc~Y© wQj| G‡Z evRv‡ii Pvwn`v, cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges ivR¯^ m¤¢vebv‡K AwZ g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| G ai‡bi
AwZg~j¨vqb D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`ZI n‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z †`‡ki jvf-‣wZ we‡ePbvq bv wb‡q nq‡Zv e¨w³ ev 1wU P‡µi ¯^v_©
cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z ejv nq m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui m‣gZv B‡›`v‡bwkqv, wdwjcvBb, mvK©fz³ †`kmg~n, KvRvL¯Ívb,
wKiwMR¯Ívb, ZvwRwK¯Ívb, ZzK©‡gwb¯Ívb I DR‡ewK¯Ív‡bi Kv‡Q wewµ Kiv hv‡e| Z‡e m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡‣c‡Yi mvZ eQ‡iI
evsjv‡`k Gme †`‡k evRvi ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
05. ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡i Rgv nqwb †Kvb A_©:
m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡‣c‡Yi Av‡M ejv n‡qwQj GwU wecyj jvfRbK GKwU cÖKí n‡e| wKš`, GLb ch©šÍ m¨v‡UjvBU
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ MwVZ ivóªxq gvwjKvbvaxb †Kv¤úvwb Bangladesh Satellite Company Limited (BSCL) ivóªxq
†KvlvMv‡i GK cqmvI Rgv w`‡Z cv‡iwb|
06. wecyj cwigvY F‡Yi †evSv:
2018 mv‡ji †g gv‡m †¯úmG‡•i d¨vjKb 9 i‡K‡Ui gva¨‡g Dr‡‣cY Kiv m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui Rb¨ cÖwZ Qq gv‡m
GBPGmwewm‡K cÖvq 85 jvL Wjvi cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq evsjv‡`k †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM wbqš¿Y Kwgkb‡K (BTRC)| wKš` MZ
K‡qK eQ‡i Wjv‡ii wecix‡Z UvKvi 40% Aeg~j¨vq‡bi Kvi‡Y BTRC-i Ici FY cwi‡kv‡ai †evSv AviI †Ru‡K
e‡m‡Q| GLb BTRC-†K cÖwZ eQi 2 wKw¯Í‡Z 190Ñ200 †KvwU UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq|
07. LiP cybiæ×v‡ii mgqI cÖvq †kl:
m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui Avqy®‹vj 15 eQi A_©vr 2033 mv‡ji ci Gi Aw¯ÍZ¡B _vK‡e bv ZvB cÖK‡íi LiP cybiæ×v‡ii mgqI †kl
n‡q hv‡‧Q| mvg‡bi K‡qK eQ‡i G LiP cybiæ×vi Kiv m¤¢e bq|
08. `yb©xwZ I †`‡ki ¯^v_©we‡ivax cÖKí:
evsjv‡`k m¨v‡UjvBU-1 Dr‡‣c‡Yi ci ZwoNwo K‡i †bIqv nq wØZxq cÖKí| e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU-2 wQj weMZ miKv‡ii
eo ai‡bi Avw_©K `yb©xwZi cÖKí| †mB m‡½ †hfv‡e Pzw³i cÖ¯`wZ PjwQj Zv wQj cy‡ivcywi †`‡ki ¯^v_©we‡ivax|
09. ¯úvi‡mv‡K hy³ Kiv nqwb:
evsjv‡`k gnvKvk M‡elYv I `~i Abyaveb cÖwZôvb‡K (SPARRSO) evsjv‡`k m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui †Kv‡bv ch©v‡qB hy³ Kiv
nqwb| fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPšÍv Ki‡j m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui m‡½ Zv‡`i hy³ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wQj|
12 Basic View  wewmGm wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨  evsjv‡`k welqvewj
mvBevi myi¶v Aa¨v‡`k, 2025 (Cyber Security Ordinance, 2025) m¤ú‡K© wjLyb|
RvwZmsN (UN) KZ©…K gvbevwaKv‡ii me©Rbxb †NvlYv Ges AvšÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKvi AvB‡b gZcÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi‡K
gvbevwaKvi wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB evK¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡kœB mvBevi wbivcËv AvBb, 2023 evwZj K‡i cÖYqb Kiv n‡‧Q
mvBevi myi‣v Aa¨v‡`k, 2025|
 mvBevi myi¶v Aa¨v‡`k, 2025:
Dc‡`óv cwil‡` MZ 24 wW‡m¤^i,2024 mvBevi myi‣v Aa¨v‡`k, 2024-Gi Lmov Aby‡gv`b †`Iqv n‡qwQj, wKš` Aby‡gvw`Z
LmovwU wb‡q mgv‡jvPbv nq| †mLv‡b aviv 25-G mvBevi eywjs‡qi (Cyber Bullying) bv‡g GKwU weavb wQj| IB avivq ejv
n‡qwQj, mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨‡g evZ©v Av`vb-cÖ`vb cø¨vUdg©, I‡qemvBU ev mvBevi †¯ú‡m †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev †Mvôx‡K
fqfxwZ cÖ`k©b, ûgwK cÖ`vb ev nqivwb Kiv, wg_¨v ev ¶wZKi Z_¨, AcgvbRbK evZ©v, MvwjMvjvR, ¸Re ev gvbnvwbKi
Av‡aq (Content) Qov‡bvi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv e¨w³i mybvg ev gvbwmK ¯^v¯'¨ ‣wZMÖ¯Í Kiv n‡j, Zv kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva n‡e|
mgv‡jvPbvi gy‡L bZzb K‡i AvBbwUi Lmov Kiv nq, bZzb AvB‡bi bvg n‡e mvBevi myi‣v Aa¨v‡`k, 2025|
 weZwK©Z mvBevi wbivcËv 2023:
e¨vcK mgv‡jvwPZ I weZwK©Z wWwRUvj wbivcËv AvBb 2018 iwnZ K‡i 2023 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i AvIqvgx jxM miKvi
mvBevi wbivcËv AvBb- 2023 bv‡g GKwU AvBb cvm K‡i| †`wk-we‡`wk gvbevwaKvi ms¯'v I AwaKviKg©xiv GwU‡K bZzb
†gvo‡K cy‡iv‡bv wbeZ©bg~jK avivmsewjZ AvBb e‡j G‡m‡Qb|
 weZwK©Z mvBevi wbivcËv (Cyber Security) AvB‡bi 9wU aviv evwZj:
cwiewZ©Z Lmov Aa¨v‡`‡k evwZj nIqv 9wU avivi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q:
01. 20 avivq Kw¤úDUvi †mvm© †KvW cwieZ©b msµvšÍ Aciva I `Ð;
02. 21 avivq gyw³hy×, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, †kL gywReyi ingvb m¤ú‡K© we‡Øl, weåvwšÍ I Kzrmvg~jK cÖPviYvi `Ð;
03. 24 avivq cwiPq cÖZviYv ev Q݇ek aviY;
04. 25 avivq AvµgYvZ¥K, wg_ ev fxwZ cÖ`k©K, Z_¨-DcvË †cÖiY, cÖKvk BZ¨vw`;
05. 26 avivq AbygwZ e¨ZxZ cwiwPwZ Z_¨ msMÖn, e¨envi BZ¨vw`i `Ð; gvbnvwbKi Z_¨ cÖKvk, cÖPvi BZ¨vw`; c‡ivqvbv
e¨wZ‡i‡K Zjøvwk, Rã I †MÖßvi;
06. 29 avivq gvbnvwbKi Z_¨ cÖKvk, cÖPvi BZ¨vw`;
07. 31 avivq AvBbk…․Ljvi AebwZ NUv‡bv, BZ¨vw`i Aciva I `Ð;
08. 32 avivq n¨vwKs msµvšÍ Aciva I `Ð Ges
09. 55 avivq gnvcwiPvj‡Ki ‣gZv Ac©Y msµvšÍ welq|
 9wU aviv ev` †`Iqvi d‡j IB aviv¸‡jvi Aaxb _vKv 90-95% gvgjv LvwiR n‡e|
 bZzb Aa¨v‡`‡ki Lmovq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †hme welq i‡q‡Q ev †hme cwieZ©b Avbv n‡q‡Q:
01. cÖ¯ÍvweZ Lmov hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨msL¨K avivq ms‡kvab Avbv n‡q‡Q| aviv-12-†Z RvZxq mvBevi
myi‣v KvDwÞj cybM©Vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ¯ÍvweZ Aa¨v‡`‡k ARvwgb‡hvM¨ aviv †gvU PviwU (aviv 17, aviv 18(1) (M),
aviv 19, 22)|
02. UªvBey¨bvj KZ©…K Av‡ivwcZ Rwigvbv n‡Z ev Rwigvbvi AwZwi³ A_© ‣wZc~iY wn‡m‡e ‣wZMÖ¯Í e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K
cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q|
03. mvBevi †¯ú‡m Ryqv, †hŠb nqivwb, eø¨vK‡gwjs ev Akøxj welqe¯` cÖKvk, ag©xq ev RvwZMZ wel‡q N…Yv I we‡Ølg~jK Z_¨
cÖKvk BZ¨vw`msµvšÍ Aciv‡ai wel‡q bZzb aviv AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
04. bvix I wkï‡`i weiæ‡× mvBevi Aciv‡ai Rb¨ Avjv`v aviv mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
05. mvBevi †¯ú‡m msNwUZ Aciva‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q mvBevi wbivcËv AvBb-2023-Gi aviv 5wU aviv ev` †`qv n‡q‡Q|
06. Avgj‡hvM¨, Rvwgb‡hvM¨ Ges Avcm‡hvM¨ Aciva wee…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
07. cÖ¯ÍvweZ Aa¨v‡`‡ki †gvU avivi msL¨v 52wU| Av‡M wQj 60wU|
08. cÖ¯ÍvweZ Lmovi aviv 2-G K‡qKwU bZzb msÁv ms‡hvRb Ges D‡jøL‡hvM¨msL¨K msÁv cwigvR©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb
Global Threat Intelligence, RvZxq mvBevi wbivcËv Acv‡ikb †m›Uvi BZ¨vw`|