PART-A

1. Define Value Education

Value education refers to the teaching and learning of moral values,
ethics, and life skills that help individuals become responsible, respectful,
and compassionate members of society. It encourages honesty, tolerance,
empathy, and a sense of justice. The aim is to develop individuals with
strong character and good citizenship.

2. What do you mean by Holistic Education?

Holistic education is an approach that focuses on the overall development
of a person, rather than just academic achievement. It nurtures
intellectual, emotional, physical, social, creative, and spiritual well-being.
The goal is to produce well-rounded individuals who can think critically,
connect with others, and contribute positively to society.

3. Short Note on Self-Esteem

Self-esteem is the perception and evaluation a person has about
themselves. High self-esteem means having confidence in one’s abilities
and feeling worthy of respect and love. It affects how people handle
challenges, form relationships, and achieve goals. Low self-esteem can
lead to self-doubt, anxiety, and difficulty in making decisions.

4. Define Time Management

Time management is the ability to use one’s time efficiently and
effectively. It involves setting goals, prioritizing tasks, planning ahead, and
avoiding procrastination. Good time management leads to increased
productivity, reduced stress, and better work-life balance. It is an essential
skill for personal and professional success.

5. Short Note on Human Rights

Human rights are the fundamental rights and freedoms that every person
is entitled to simply because they are human. These include the right to
life, liberty, education, equality before the law, and freedom of speech and
religion. Human rights protect individuals from injustice and discrimination
and promote dignity, peace, and justice in society.

6. Define Peace and Non-Violence

Peace is a state of calm and harmony where individuals or communities
live without fear, conflict, or violence. Non-violence is a philosophy and
practice of resolving disputes and expressing opinions without using
physical force. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi used non-violence to fight
injustice and promote peace. Together, peace and non-violence help build
a just and harmonious world.

7. What is National Integration?

National integration is the process of uniting people from different
cultural, linguistic, religious, and regional backgrounds into a single
national identity. It promotes unity, equality, and a sense of belonging
among citizens. National integration helps in maintaining peace and
stability in a country by fostering mutual respect and cooperation.

8. What is Ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of living organisms (plants,
animals, microorganisms) and non-living components (air, water, soil) that
interact with each other in a balanced way. Each element of an ecosystem
plays a role in maintaining ecological balance. Forests, ponds, oceans, and
grasslands are examples of ecosystems.

9. Define Corruption
Corruption is the misuse of power or position for personal benefit, often at
the cost of others. It includes activities like bribery, embezzlement,
favouritism, and fraud. Corruption weakens governance, promotes
inequality, and hampers development. It can occur in government,
businesses, or any organization.

10. Bring Attention to Example of Progress in Combating

Untouchability
Untouchability has been outlawed in India by the Constitution and through
laws like the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and The Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. Progress
has also been seen through social awareness campaigns, reservation in
education and jobs, and initiatives like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, which
encourages dignity of labor and equality. Influential leaders and
organizations have also worked to uplift marginalized communities and
promote social harmony.

11. How Can Individuals Develop a More Positive Mindset in Daily

Life?
Developing a positive mindset involves daily habits and conscious
thinking. Here are some ways:

 Practice gratitude by acknowledging the good in life.

 Surround yourself with supportive and optimistic people.

 Set realistic goals and celebrate small achievements.

 Learn from failures instead of fearing them.

 Practice mindfulness and meditation to manage stress.

 Maintain a healthy lifestyle with proper sleep, diet, and exercise. A

positive mindset leads to greater happiness, resilience, and success.
12. What Do You Mean by Environment Conservation?
Environment conservation means protecting the natural environment to
ensure its sustainability for future generations. This includes reducing
pollution, conserving water, protecting forests and wildlife, recycling
waste, and using natural resources wisely. The goal is to maintain
ecological balance and prevent environmental degradation.

PART -B

1.Reveal the policy and incentives aimed at enhancing value education in

India

Value education is a crucial part of building a responsible and ethical

society. In India, several policies, frameworks, and initiatives have been
introduced to promote value-based education:

National Education Policy (NEP) 2020:

The NEP 2020 lays strong emphasis on the holistic development of

students, which includes not only academic skills but also ethics, values,
empathy, and emotional well-being. It suggests integrating value
education through storytelling, community engagement, and experiential
learning from the early stages of schooling.

NCERT Curriculum Integration:

NCERT has embedded value-based lessons across subjects. Stories,

poems, and lessons are chosen to promote patriotism, honesty, kindness,
tolerance, and respect for diversity.

Moral Science and Life Skills Education:

Moral education has been traditionally taught as a separate subject in

many schools. Some boards and schools offer life skills education, which
teaches values like cooperation, leadership, time management, and
emotional control.

Initiatives by CBSE and Other Boards:

The CBSE has introduced Value Education Kits and guidelines for value-
based questions in board exams. Schools are encouraged to conduct
community service, group activities, and awareness campaigns.

Government and NGO Programs:

Programs like Awakened Citizen Program (Ramakrishna Mission), Moral

Education Programs by Art of Living, and others supported by state
education departments work to instill ethics and civic responsibility in
youth.

Incentives:

Awards and recognitions are given to schools, teachers, and students who
actively promote ethical practices. Funding support is provided for value
education workshops, teacher training, and community development
programs.

2. Classify the strategy that individuals can use to improve their

intrapersonal communication skills

Intrapersonal communication refers to the conversation one has within

oneself. It includes self-reflection, emotional regulation, internal reasoning,
and decision-making. To improve this vital skill, individuals can adopt the
following strategies:

1. Self-Awareness Practices:

Regularly checking in with oneself to understand thoughts, emotions, and

reactions. This can be developed through journaling, meditation, or self-
evaluation exercises.

2. Mindfulness and Meditation:

Daily mindfulness practices increase focus, reduce stress, and help

individuals understand their thought patterns and emotional states better.

3. Visualization Techniques:

Imagining positive outcomes or mentally rehearsing tasks helps improve

confidence and inner clarity.

4. Emotional Regulation

Learning to identify and manage emotions helps reduce impulsive

reactions and promotes thoughtful decision-making.

5. Positive Self-Talk:

Replacing negative thoughts like “I can’t do this” with affirmations such as

“I am capable of learning and improving.”

6. Goal Setting and Personal Planning:

Setting short and long-term goals improves clarity and motivation. It helps
individuals track their growth and overcome self-doubt.
7. Seeking Feedback and Reflecting:

Learning from mistakes and being open to constructive feedback fosters

personal growth and deeper self-understanding.

These strategies foster emotional intelligence, personal discipline, and

confidence in everyday life.

3. What role does nature play in religious and spiritual beliefs?

Nature has always held a central place in spiritual and religious traditions
across the world. Here's how:

Nature as Divine:

Many religious traditions consider natural elements as representations or

manifestations of divine power. For instance, in Hinduism, rivers like the
Ganges are worshipped as goddesses. In Native American spirituality,
Earth is considered the "Mother."

Symbolism in Nature:

Trees, animals, fire, water, and celestial bodies (sun, moon) often
symbolize spiritual concepts. For example, the lotus flower in Buddhism
symbolizes purity and enlightenment.

Sacred Geography:

Mountains (like Mount Kailash or Sinai), forests, and rivers are pilgrimage
sites due to their spiritual significance.

Spiritual Practices in Nature:

Many spiritual activities—such as meditation, yoga, and prayer—are

traditionally practiced in natural settings. Nature provides peace and
silence, aiding inner growth.

Ethical Teachings Inspired by Nature:

Religions teach that humans should live in harmony with nature. This
includes not polluting rivers, not harming animals, and protecting forests.
Jainism, for instance, preaches Ahimsa (non-violence) toward all living
beings, including insects and plants.

Seasonal Rituals:

Harvest festivals, rain prayers, and solstice celebrations show how closely
religious life is tied to natural cycles.
In conclusion, nature is not just a background for religious life; it is central
to belief systems and spiritual experience.

4. How can education and awareness contribute to change in dowry

practices?

The dowry system is a deep-rooted social evil in some parts of India.

Education and awareness can play a major role in eliminating it:

Educating Girls:

When girls are educated, they become more empowered to speak up

against injustice. Education provides them with financial independence,
confidence, and legal knowledge.

Gender Sensitization:

Both boys and girls must be taught from an early age to treat each other
as equals. Curriculum and classroom activities must challenge stereotypes
and promote mutual respect.

Legal Awareness:

Many people are unaware that dowry is a punishable offense under the
Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. Legal education helps people stand up
against pressure and report such practices.

Campaigns and Media Awareness:

Awareness campaigns through TV, social media, and posters can change
public attitudes by highlighting the negative impacts of dowry—such as
violence, debt, and loss of dignity.

Encouraging Role Models:

Celebrating families who rejected dowry or supported inter-caste or equal

marriages can inspire change.

Involving Communities and Religious Leaders:

Community-wide discussions and involvement of religious leaders can

challenge cultural justifications and create new norms.

Thus, education doesn't just inform—it transforms mindsets, enabling

social reform.

5. What type of media content (e.g., news, entertainment, ads) can

impact values, and how does media portray cultural, moral, and ethical
values?
Media is one of the most influential tools in shaping public opinion and
individual values. Different types of media influence people in unique
ways:

News Media

Can raise awareness about social justice, environmental concerns, gender

issues, and government accountability. Balanced and truthful reporting
fosters critical thinking and informed citizenship. However, sensationalism
or biased coverage can promote fear, division, or misinformation.

Entertainment (TV, Movies, Web Series):

Storylines that portray honesty, love, perseverance, and sacrifice reinforce

moral values. For example, films that highlight women’s rights, corruption,
or social justice inspire change. On the other hand, glamorizing violence,
substance abuse, or materialism can harm young minds.

Advertisements:

Can influence cultural and ethical values by setting beauty standards,

lifestyle goals, or family ideals. Some promote healthy habits and equality,
while others may exaggerate stereotypes or promote unnecessary
consumerism.

Social Media Platforms:

Encourage rapid information sharing, activism, and creativity. They give a

voice to marginalized groups and raise awareness. But they can also
spread hate, cyberbullying, or false ideals of success and beauty.

Cultural Representation:

Media can preserve and celebrate regional languages, traditional arts,

festivals, and beliefs, or it can dilute them through commercial trends.

In conclusion, media has the power to shape public morals and culture.
Responsible content creation and mindful consumption are key.

6. What is the relationship between man and nature? (5 Marks)

The relationship between man and nature is ancient, complex, and deeply
interconnected. Here's how we can understand it in multiple dimensions:

1. Dependency:

Humans depend on nature for basic needs—air, water, food, shelter, and
clothing. Natural resources like forests, rivers, and soil support all life on
Earth.

2. Coexistence and Harmony:

Traditional societies lived in harmony with nature, respecting its rhythms
and taking only what was needed. This created a balanced ecosystem.

3. Spiritual Connection:

Many cultures see nature as sacred or divine. This spiritual view promotes
love, respect, and care for the environment.

4. Responsibility and Stewardship:

As the most conscious species, humans have the responsibility to protect

the environment and use resources sustainably. This includes reducing
pollution, conserving biodiversity, and fighting climate change.

5. Modern Conflict and Solutions:

Industrialization and urbanization have led to deforestation, pollution, and

climate imbalance. Now, human actions are harming nature. But with
sustainable development, eco-friendly technologies, and conservation
efforts, we can restore balance.

In essence, the relationship between man and nature should be one of

respect, protection, and harmony. Our survival and well-being are
inseparable from the health of the environment.

PART-C

1. How does value education in India compare to global standards in

promoting ethical behavior?

Value education in India shares several similarities with global standards,

but there are also areas where improvement is needed to match
international best practices:

Similarities:

Moral and Ethical Learning: Like many countries, India integrates lessons
on honesty, respect, empathy, and civic duties in early education through
curriculum and co-curricular activities.

Character-Building Focus: Indian education emphasizes character

development, respect for elders, and community values—similar to global
approaches in countries like Japan, Finland, and Canada.

Differences & Challenges:

Implementation Gap: While policies like the National Education Policy

(NEP) 2020 stress ethical education, actual classroom implementation can
be inconsistent due to lack of training or resources.
Exam-Centric Approach: Unlike countries such as Finland, where holistic
development is the priority, Indian education still tends to be marks-
focused, often sidelining value-based learning

Cultural-Specific Content: India’s value education is heavily shaped by its

diverse religious and cultural values, which is a strength, but also means it
sometimes lacks universal ethical frameworks found in global programs.

Opportunities for Improvement:

Integration of experiential learning, community service, and global

citizenship education can help Indian value education align more closely
with the ethical frameworks promoted by organizations like UNESCO.

2. Illustrate the impact of honesty in real-life situations

Honesty is not just a moral choice but a practical virtue that deeply
influences one’s personal, social, and professional life. Here are real-life
impacts:

1. Builds Trust and Reputation

When someone consistently tells the truth, others tend to trust and rely
on them. For example, an honest student gains the trust of teachers and
peers, leading to more opportunities.

2. Reduces Stress and Anxiety

Telling lies often leads to guilt, fear of being caught, and mental tension.
Honesty allows one to live freely without fear.

3. Promotes Fairness and Justice

In professions like law, medicine, or education, honesty ensures decisions

are made fairly. For instance, an honest doctor gives the right diagnosis,
even if the treatment is hard to accept.

4. Long-Term Success Over Short-Term Gain

Dishonest shortcuts may work briefly, but honesty builds sustainable

success. For example, a business built on ethical practices earns loyal
customers and a solid brand.

5. Moral Courage and Self-Respect

Being honest—even when it is hard—requires courage. It increases one’s

sense of self-worth and moral strength.

However, honesty may also lead to difficult consequences in the short

term (e.g., admitting a mistake), but the long-term outcome is usually
positive and respectful.
3. What steps can be put forward to ensure Dr. Abdul Kalam’s 10
principles are followed by citizens and institutions?

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam gave India a visionary moral compass through his 10
life principles. To ensure their adoption, the following steps can be taken:

1. Incorporate His Principles into Education

Schools and colleges should integrate his values (like dreaming big,
working hard, fighting corruption, and respecting all) into classroom
discussions, projects, and student activities.

2. Conduct National Campaigns

Government and NGOs can run awareness programs using his quotes and
values to inspire youth and adults across communities.

3. Government Endorsement and Recognition

Public institutions should endorse his principles by creating awards for

ethical leadership and innovation based on Kalam's philosophy.

4. Public Display and Oaths

Encourage citizens and students to take pledges based on his principles

during national events, Independence Day, and Republic Day celebrations.

5. Role Models and Kalam Ambassadors

Appoint public figures and educators as “Kalam Ambassadors” to spread

his message of peace, integrity, and knowledge.

6. Institutional Ethics Frameworks

Government departments and private institutions should implement

ethical charters based on his principles—especially honesty, transparency,
and nation-first thinking.

7. Youth Engagement

Through contests, speeches, and innovation challenges named after Dr.

Kalam, his spirit of science and service can be kept alive among the
younger generation.

4. How can we investigate innovative ways to bridge urban environments

with green spaces?

Urban environments face increasing issues like pollution, heat islands, and
mental health challenges due to lack of greenery. Here are innovative
solutions to bridge this gap:

1. Vertical Gardens & Green Walls

These are built on building exteriors and interiors to purify air and lower
temperatures in dense cities.

2. Rooftop Gardens and Urban Farming

Promoting food-growing and green rooftops in residential and commercial

buildings makes use of unused space and reduces carbon footprint.

3. Smart Parks with Eco-Tech

Using solar panels, smart irrigation, and recycled water systems in urban
parks to make them eco-friendly and sustainable.

4. Green Corridors and Walkways

Planting trees and shrubs along highways, railway lines, and footpaths to
connect city regions and promote biodiversity.

5. Reviving Urban Wetlands and Lakes

Restoring polluted lakes and rivers within cities as community parks or

bird sanctuaries.

6. Incentives for Eco-Friendly Architecture

Government incentives for buildings that include gardens, compost

systems, and rainwater harvesting.

7. Citizen Participation

Involving citizens in planting drives, park management, and community

gardens ensures collective responsibility.

Innovating in green infrastructure not only beautifies cities but also

improves health, reduces stress, and combats climate change.

5. Would you recommend steps for victims of domestic violence to seek

help and find safety? (10 Marks)

Yes, victims of domestic violence need urgent protection, support, and

empowerment. Here are recommended steps:

1. Recognize the Abuse

Victims must understand that violence—physical, emotional, financial, or

verbal—is not acceptable and is a legal offense.

2. Seek Immediate Safety

In cases of danger, the victim should move to a safe location such as a

friend’s house, women’s shelter, or crisis center.

3. Contact Emergency Services

Dialing 100 (Police) or women’s helplines (like 181) can ensure immediate
police protection.

4. Access Legal Aid

Victims can file a complaint under the Protection of Women from Domestic
Violence Act, 2005. Free legal services are available through District Legal
Services Authorities (DLSA).

5. Approach NGOs and Support Groups

Many NGOs provide temporary shelter, counseling, legal help, and

rehabilitation. Examples include SAKHI, Snehalaya, and Women’s Helpline
Centers.

6. Medical Assistance

Victims should get medical treatment for injuries and ask the doctor to
document them, which can support legal proceedings.

7. Counseling and Mental Health Support

Survivors often suffer trauma, anxiety, or depression. Counseling helps

rebuild self-esteem and emotional recovery.

8. Financial and Vocational Support

Government and NGO programs offer training and financial help to

empower survivors to live independently.

9. Educate and Empower

Awareness of rights, laws, and self-defense empowers women to act with

confidence. Programs in schools and communities should address these
issues openly.

10. Community Involvement

Neighbours, friends, and relatives should be encouraged to report abuse

and offer support without judgment or fear.