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EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON PREVENTION OF

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN SELECTED NURSING
COLLEGE, BANGALORE

Research · October 2023

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29362.99529

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Dr.Tejeshwari.B.V, et al. / American Journal of Advances in Nursing Research. 2023; 10(2): 43-47.

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN

NURSING RESEARCH

Journal homepage: www.mcmed.us/journal/ajanr

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME
ON PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION AMONG
NURSING STUDENTS IN SELECTED NURSING COLLEGE,
BANGALORE
Dr. Tejeshwari B V1*, Aleena Soby 2, Arjun S3, Gincy Varghese4, Malavika M5,
Rosaline Sonia P6, Vaishnav K7, Soma Mandal8
1
Guide, HOD & Professor, Department of Community Health Nursing, RajaRajeswari College of Nursing, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India.
2-8B.Sc Nursing Students, RajaRajeswari College of Nursing, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Article Info ABSTRACT

Received 18/08/2023 Introduction: - A hospital -acquired infection also known as a nosocomial infection, is an
Revised 15/09/2023 infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility. To emphasize both
Accepted 09/10/2023 hospital and non-hospital setting, it is sometimes instead called a healthcare-associated
infection. Such an infection can be acquired in hospital, nursing home, rehabilitation
facility, outpatient clinic, diagnostic laboratory or other clinical settings. Infection is spread
Key word: to the susceptible patient in the clinical setting by various means. Health care staff also
Effectiveness,
spread infection, in addition to contaminated equipment, bed linens or air droplets. The
Knowledge, STP and
infection can originate from the outside environment, another infected patient, staff that may
nosocomial infection. be infected or in some cases the sources of the infection cannot be determined. In some
cases, the microorganism originates from the patient’s own skin micro biota, becoming
opportunistic after surgery or other procedures that compromise the protective skin barriers.
Objectives: - 1. To assess the level of pre-test knowledge regarding nosocomial infection
among nursing students in a selected college, Bengaluru. 2. To assess the level of post-test
knowledge regarding nosocomial infection among nursing students in a selected college,
Bengaluru 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programmes regarding the
nosocomial infection among nursing students in a selected college, Bengaluru. 4. To find
out the association between post-test knowledge scores regarding nosocomial infection
with selected demographic variables. Design: - Evaluative research approach was used for
the study. Nursing students of selected college were recruited by non-probability purposive
sampling method. Necessary administrative permission was obtained from concerned
authority. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Then the investigator
collected the data pertaining to the demographic variables by using structured interview
schedule. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional ethical committee. Content
validity of the tool was established by split of method. The obtained score was 0.94 & it was
found to reliable. Pre-testing of the tools was done. Setting: - The study was conducted in
RajaRajeswari college of Nursing, Bangalore, Karnataka. Result: - The findings of the study
was revealed that the mean score of knowledge regarding prevention of nosocomial
infection was 8.6 in pre-test and 17.7 in post-test out of maximum score of 24. The mean
score percentage was 40.4 in pre-test and 62.1 in post-test, which proved that structured
teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge level of nursing students
Research Article
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Dr.Tejeshwari.B.V, et al. / American Journal of Advances in Nursing Research. 2023; 10(2): 43-47.

regarding prevention of nosocomial infection. The paired‘t’ test found be statistically

significance at 0.05 levels. Conclusion: - The present study attempted to assess the
effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of nursing students regarding
prevention of nosocomial infection and it was found that the structured teaching programme
was effective in improving the knowledge of nursing students

INTRODUCTION
Health care professional are constantly exposed to from droplet transmission, contact transmission, and
microorganism. Many of which can cause serious or even airborne transmission. [4]
lethal infections. Nurses in particular are often exposed to The nurse follows certain principles and practice
various infections during the courses of carrying out their including standard precaution to prevent and control of
activities. The nurses are responsible for providing quality infection and its spread. During daily routine care the nurse
care that incorporate infection control principle. These basic medical aseptic technique to break the infection chain,
principles are major components of safe environment and for example use gloves and a mask during dressing to break
the nurse role in controlling the nosocomial infection. [1] the pathogen. The term standard precaution applies to blood
Nosocomial infection is also called hospital and body fluid, non-intact skin, mucous membrane from all
acquired infection that is defined as occurrences of clients. The precaution will protect the client and provide
infection within 48hours or hospital admission or 3 days of protection of health care staff as directed by occupational
discharge or 30 days of operation affecting millions of safety and health administration.[5] For infection control
people every year. These kinds of infection are in context to nurse is responsible for the surveillance and analysis for
hospital setting [infection caught in hospital]. Nosocomial hospital acquired infection, educating employees about
infection is usually transmitted from patient to patient to infection control and ensuring the implementation of
health care workers from health care workers to patient various infection control policies in the hospital. [6]
from medical and surgical instruments to patients from the
environment. [2] OBJECTIVES
Nosocomial infection usually occurs to patient 1. To assess the level of pre-test knowledge
those who seek medical care. This infection occurs not only regarding nosocomial infection among nursing
in developing countries but also in the development students in a selected college, Bengaluru.
countries and it is reported 7% in developed countries and 2. To assess the level of post-test knowledge
10% in developing countries. This infection may be caused
regarding nosocomial infection among nursing
by bacteria, virus or fungi like Escherichia coli (11.9%),
Staphylococcus aureus (6.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa students in a selected college, Bengaluru
(5.1%), and Salmonella typhimurium (1.7%) which lead to 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured
certain infection like Central Line Associated Blood Stream teaching programmes regarding the nosocomial
Infection (CLABSI), Catheter Associated Urinary Tract infection among nursing students in a selected
Infection (CAUTI), Surgical Site Infection (SSI), and college, Bengaluru.
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. [3] 4. To find out the association between post-test
Nosocomial infection is the major problems that knowledge scores regarding the nosocomial
increase patient morbidity, mortality, and hospital cost. infection with selected demographic variables.
They became more important public health problem with
increasing economic and human impact because of HYPOTHESES: -
increasing numbers and crowding of people, more frequent H1 – There’s a significant difference in a pre-test and post-
impaired immunity due to age, illness, treatment, new test level of knowledge regarding prevention of nosocomial
microorganism, increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics infection among nursing students in selected college,
The most frequent nosocomial infection is the Bangalore.
urinary tract infection, surgical site infection and lower H2– There’s a significant association of post-test level of
respiratory tract infection. Surgical site infection is the third knowledge regarding prevention of nosocomial infection
most common nosocomial infection in surgical patient among nursing students with their selected demographic
accounting for about 24%of total number of nosocomial variables.
infections. Most probably the infection can be transmitted
Corresponding Author MATERIAL AND METHODS
Dr. Tejeshwari B.V Evaluative research approach was used for the
study. Forty nursing students were recruited by non-
Email:- tejeshwinirajesh@gmail.com probability purposive sampling method. Necessary

Research Article
45 Dr.Tejeshwari.B.V, et al. / American Journal of Advances in Nursing Research. 2023; 10(2): 43-47.

administrative permission was obtained from concerned The above table-1 represents the frequency and
authority. Written informed consent was obtained from all percentage distribution of demographic variables of nursing
subjects. Later the investigator collected the data pertaining students, were majority of the nursing students age 18-19
to the demographic variables by using structured interview years (45%), 19-29 years (32.5%), above 20(15%) and 17-
schedule in the following three phases. 18 years (7.5%) were found. Based on gender male (35%),
female (65%). Based on religion Christian (25%) Hindu
Phase I: Assess the pre-test knowledge of students (67.5%) Muslim (5%) others (2.5). Based on source of
regarding prevention of nosocomial infection by using previous knowledge books/magazine (25%),
structured questionnaire. schools/college (70%) internet (5%). Based on experience
on infection during hospital stay yes (5%) no (95%) were
Phase II: A STP was administered on knowledge regarding found
prevention of nosocomial infection. The above table 2 shows the distribution of
nursing students according to the level of knowledge
Phase II: Assess the post-test knowledge after a period of regarding prevention of nosocomial infection before and
week within the group followed by same procedure. Ethical after structured teaching programme. It revealed that in pre-
clearance was obtained from Institutional ethical test, majority of the respondents 30 (75%) had inadequate
committee. Content validity of the tool was established by knowledge, 10 (25%) had moderate knowledge and none of
split of method. The obtained score was 0.94 & it was them had adequate knowledge regarding prevention of
found to reliable. Pre-testing of the tools was done. A pilot nosocomial infection. And in post-test most of the
study was conducted to see the feasibility. The obtained respondents 35 (87.5%) had adequate knowledge and 5
data were analyzed based on the objectives and hypothesis (12.5%) had moderate knowledge regarding prevention of
by using descriptive and inferential statistics. nosocomial infection.

Table-1: Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of nursing students n=40
SI.
Demographic variables Frequency (f) Percentage %
no
1 Age in years
a) 17-18 years 3 7.5
b) 18-19 years 18 45
c) 19-20 years 13 32.5
d) Above 20 years 6 15
2 Gender
a) Male 14 35
b) Female 26 65
3 Religion
a) Christian 10 25
b) Hindu 27 67.5
c) Muslim 2 5
d) Others 1 2.5
4 Sources of previous knowledge
a) Books/magazine 10 25
b) Television 0 0
c) Schools/college 28 70
d) Internet 5 5
5 Experience of infection during hospital stay
a) Yes 2 5
b) No 38 95

Table-2: Frequency and percentage distribution of nursing students according to the level of knowledge regarding
prevention of nosocomial infection before and after structured teaching programme. n=40
Respondents Knowledge
Sl.No Level of Knowledge Pre-test Post-test
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
1. Inadequate (< 50%) 30 75 - -
2. Moderate (50-75%) 10 25 5 12.5

Research Article
46 Dr.Tejeshwari.B.V, et al. / American Journal of Advances in Nursing Research. 2023; 10(2): 43-47.

3. Adequate (> 75%) - - 35 87.5

OVERALL 40 100 40 100

Table 3: Mean, Standard Deviation and paired‘t’ test to determine the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme regarding knowledge on prevention of nosocomial infection among nursing students. n=40.
Max score Mean SD Mean paired “t‘ Significance
difference test
Pre-Test 8.6 3.27
9.17 12.05 0.05*
Post-Test 17.7 3.78
The data presented in a table-3 shows that the obtained [t] value was 12.05, which was found statistically significant at
0.05 levels.

Table 4: Comparison of pre-test and post-test level of knowledge among students regarding prevention of nosocomial
infection. n=40
Pre-test Post-test
Level of knowledge No. of nursing % No. of nursing % Chi square test
students students
Adequate knowledge 0 0 35 87.5
Moderately adequate knowledge 10 75 5 12.5 x2 = 3.11
Inadequate knowledge 30 25 0 0 Df=3
Total 40 100 40 100 P=0.05**

IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY nosocomial infection. Based on that, the knowledge

The result of the study proceed that students of the students can be assessed and the program can
had inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of be planned and implemented in school & community
nosocomial infection. The findings of the study have at various levels.
scope in the following areas,
Nursing Research
Nursing Practice Management & administration authorities give
1. Nurses working in the community field should encouragement, motivation & also provide financial
have enough knowledge about prevention of support to do research.
nosocomial infection & able to find an
opportunity to teach & improve knowledge ASSUMPTIONS
 Students will have some knowledge regarding
regarding prevention of nosocomial infection.
selected aspects prevention of nosocomial infection.
2. Nursing professionals can play a key role in the  Structured teaching programme may enhance the
enhancement of knowledge of nursing students knowledge of nursing students regarding selected
regarding prevention of nosocomial infection, aspects of prevention of nosocomial infection.
which could improve the knowledge of students.
LIMITATIONS
Nursing Education 1. The study was conducted in selected colleges.
1. Nursing curriculum can be modified with increased 2. Sample was selected only from one institution; hence
emphasis on prevention of nosocomial infection. generalization can only be made for the selected
2. Students can be also trained to work in care under sample.
proper guidance. 3. The study did not use control group. The investigator
had no control over the events that took place
Nursing Administration between pre-test and post-test.
1. Administrators can organize the educational
programs in schools and community areas to provide RECOMMENDATIONS
knowledge regarding prevention of nosocomial Based on the study findings the following
infection. recommendations have been made for further study:
2. The nurse administrator in the higher-level authority 1. Similar study can be carried out on larger samples for
must hold discussions and meetings on prevention of broader generalization.

Research Article
47 Dr.Tejeshwari.B.V, et al. / American Journal of Advances in Nursing Research. 2023; 10(2): 43-47.

2. A similar study can be conducted among staff nurses CONCLUSION

to assess the knowledge on selected aspects of The study concluded that the structured teaching
prevention of nosocomial infection. programme on knowledge regarding prevention of
3. A comparative study may be conducted to assess the nosocomial infection of nursing students in the selected
knowledge, belief and practice on prevention of college carried out was effective in improving the
nosocomial infection among nursing students. knowledge of nursing students as evidenced by the
4. A comparative study could be conducted in different significant change between pre-test and post-test
settings to find out the effectiveness of structured knowledge score.
teaching programme.
5. An experimental study could be replicated with a ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
control group. My special thanks to the participants who
6. A comparative study could be undertaken to evaluate participated for the study, without whom this project
different teaching strategies, self-instructional would not have been materialized. The authors are also
module (SIM), peer evaluation and education by grateful to authors, editors, and publishers of all those
nursing students. articles, journals and books from where the literature for
this article has been reviewed and discussed. My sincere
DISCUSSION thanks to all people who helped us directly or indirectly to
Structured teaching programme was found to be complete this study.
an effective educative method for improving the
knowledge of nursing students in the selected college CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Nil
regarding prevention of nosocomial infection. The
findings were similar to other studies, which shown that SOURCE OF SUPPORT: Self Funded
nursing students having good knowledge on prevention of
nosocomial infection. In the present study results revealed ETHICAL CLEARANCE: Obtained from Institutional
that obtained [t] value was 12.05, which were found ethical committee
statistically significant at 0.05 levels.

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