Structural Construction Work

Level III
Based on October 2023, Curriculum Version 2

Module Title: Computer Aided Drafting Systems to

Produce Basic Engineering Drawings
Module Code: EIS SCW3 M01 1023
Nominal Duration: 120 Hours
Prepared by: Ministry of Labor and Skill
October, 2023
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... 4
ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................. 5
INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE ..................................................................................... 6
MODULE UNITS ......................................................................................................................... 6
LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THE MODULE ...................................................................... 6
MODULE LEARNING INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................. 6
Unit One. Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) Environment ...................................................... 7
1.1. Basic Concept of Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)............................................................ 8
1.2. Computer Initiating and Shutting Down Operation ........................................................... 12
1.3. Computer Aided Drafting Software Installation ................................................................ 14
1.4. CAD User Interface and Basic Parameters ........................................................................ 14
Self-Check-1 ............................................................................................................................. 21
Operation Sheet 1.1 ................................................................................................................... 23
Operation Sheet 1.2 ................................................................................................................... 25
LAP Test 1 ................................................................................................................................ 26
Unit Two. Producing New and Modifying Existing CAD Drawings ..................................... 27
2.1. CAD File Creation ............................................................................................................. 28
2.2. Producing CAD Drawings ................................................................................................. 29
2.4. CAD Drawings Reviewing ................................................................................................ 46
2.5. Locating and Modifying Existing CAD Drawings ............................................................ 47
Self-Check-2 ............................................................................................................................. 54
Operation Sheet 2.1 ................................................................................................................... 56
Operation Sheet 2.2 ................................................................................................................... 58
Operation Sheet 2.3 ................................................................................................................... 59
Operation Sheet 2.4 ................................................................................................................... 60
Operation Sheet 2.5 ................................................................................................................... 61
Operation Sheet 2.6 ................................................................................................................... 62
LAP Test 2 ................................................................................................................................ 63
Unit Three. Producing CAD Outputs ....................................................................................... 69
3.1. Saving Drawing Files with Appropriate Format ................................................................ 70

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 3.2. Printing Drawing Files ....................................................................................................... 72
Self-Check-3 ............................................................................................................................. 73
Operation Sheet 3.1 ................................................................................................................... 75
Operation Sheet 3.2 ................................................................................................................... 76
Operation Sheet 3.3 ................................................................................................................... 77
LAP Test 3 ................................................................................................................................ 78
REFERENCE .............................................................................................................................. 79
DEVELOPER(S) PROFILE ...................................................................................................... 80

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Ministry of Labor and Skills wishes to thank MoLS experts, regional labor and skill bureaus,
Regional TVET bureaus, institutes, TVET Colleges, TVT trainers, institutes lecturers, and industry
experts who contributed their time and professional experience to the development of this
Teaching, Training, and Learning Material.

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 ACRONYMS
2D 2 Dimensional
3D 3 Dimensional
CAD Computer Aided Drafting
DWG Drawing (AutoCAD File Format)
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
LAP Test Learning Activity Performance Test
LG Learning Guide
PDF Portable Document Format
SOPs Standard Operating Procedures
UCS User Coordinate System
URL Uniform Resource Locator
WCS World Coordinate System

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 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE
This module on Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) Systems to Producing Basic Engineering
Drawings' integrates knowledge, skill, and attitude elements to provide a comprehensive
understanding of computer aided design. Covering key units such as the computer aided drafting
environment, producing new and modifying existing CAD drawings, and producing CAD output.
This module aims to effectively impart foundational knowledge and practical skills in CAD
systems. By gaining a deep understanding of the CAD environment, you'll acquire the ability to
efficiently develop, modify, and optimize engineering designs. Furthermore, learning the
appropriate output procedures will cultivate an appreciation for the importance of data
preservation. The module embodies a holistic approach that not just imparts technical skills, but
also encourages the development of the right attitude towards CAD systems.

MODULE UNITS
 Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) Environment
 Producing New and Modifying Existing CAD Drawings
 Producing CAD Outputs

LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THE MODULE

At the end of this session, the students will able to:
 Prepare computer aided drafting environment
 Produce new and modify existing CAD drawings
 Produce CAD output

MODULE LEARNING INSTRUCTIONS

For effective use Drawings trainees are expected to follow the following module instruction:
 Read the specific objectives of this learning guide (LG).
 Follow the instructions described below.
 Read the information written in the information sheet.
 Accomplishment the self-check questions.
 Accomplishment operation sheet (if any).
 Accomplishment learning activity performance (LAP) test (if any).

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 Unit One. Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) Environment
This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Basic Concept of Computer Aided Drafting
 Computer Initiating and Shutting Down Operation
 Computer Aided Drafting Software Installation
 CAD User Interface and Basic Parameters
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Describe basic concept of computer aided drafting
 Apply computer initiating and shutting down operation
 Install computer aided drafting software
 Identify CAD user interface and basic parameters

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 1.1. Basic Concept of Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)

1.1.1. Definition of Computer Aided Drafting

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is simply, design and drafting with the aid of a computer. Design
is creating a real product from an idea. Drafting is the production of the drawings that are used to
document a design. CAD can be used to create 2D or 3D computer models. A CAD drawing is a
file that consists of numeric data in binary form that will be saved onto a disk.
Traditional drafting is repetitious and can be inaccurate. It may be faster to create a simple “rough”
sketch by hand but larger more complex drawings with repetitive operations are drawn more
efficiently using CAD.
AutoCAD is a computer aided design software developed by Autodesk Inc. AutoCAD was first
introduced in 1982. By the year 2000, it is estimated that there were over 4 million AutoCAD users
worldwide. What this means to you is that many employers are in need of AutoCAD operators. In
addition, learning AutoCAD will give you the basics for learning other CAD packages because
many commands, terms and concepts are used universally.
Learning to use a CAD system is similar to learning a new language. It is necessary to begin with
the basic alphabet and learn how to use it correctly and effectively through practice. This will
require learning some new concepts and skills as well as learning a different vocabulary. All CAD
system creates designs using basic geometric entities. Many of the construction used in technical
designs are based upon two-dimensional planar geometry. The method and number of operations
that are required to accomplish the construction are different from system to another.

1.1.2. Benefits of AutoCAD

CAD has a variety of Benefits over manual drawings that have made it absolutely essential in the
design market today. Let’s take a look at how they help the contemporary engineer or product
designer.
A. Saves Time: The ongoing era of product development entails a lot of competition. The time it
takes to bring a product to market can be essential to its success. With CAD software, time is
our lucrative reward. It saves the engineer a lot of work that can be put to good use on different
projects or perfecting the design of the ongoing one. You can easily visualize the ideas you
gathered during the product design concept generation phase. Creating simple shapes and parts
takes seconds. The biggest win, though, comes with more complex parts. For example, you

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 can create a flat pattern of an intricate bent sheet metal part with a click of a mouse. No need
to contemplate how to present it correctly. At the same time, making changes is really easy.
Or creating new models based on previous ones. You can just re-use a 3D model and add the
necessary features to create a similar but unique part in a lot less time.
B. Increases Productivity: Time saved translates directly into augmented productivity. The same
amount of time can result in a higher number of completed projects. The repeatability of design
is an option. Modifying the same design is possible to make infinite variations of the final
product. On average, a 3x increase in employee productivity is noticed. With time, this
productivity can approach 10x. A large part of it comes down to the ability to create simulations
in CAD rather than doing manual calculations. This improvement is seen on multiple fronts
like quality, time, and cost reduction in manufacturing.
C. Improves Accuracy: Manual sketching cannot measure up to the accuracy of CAD drawings.
CAD design’s accuracy is unparalleled with almost no errors. This gives it a huge advantage
over manual designing and drafting. Of course, the designer must still pay attention to the
outcome. The “retrieve dimensions” function does not replace an engineer, as it does not
recognize the base planes for measurements, for example. And this can be crucial with parts
like shafts. Complex surfaces and shapes can be created comparatively easily in CAD. These
surfaces are extremely difficult to get right with manual sketching but with CAD systems’
tools, a perfect result can be obtained.

1.1.3. AutoCAD Terminology

There are various terminologies and commands available in AutoCAD. Here are a few examples:
A. Draw commands: These commands are used to create objects in AutoCAD, such as lines,
circles, rectangles, and polygons.
B. Modify commands: These commands are used to modify existing objects, such as move, copy,
rotate, scale, trim, and extend.
C. Layers: Layers are used to organize and manage objects in AutoCAD. Each layer can have a
different color, line type, and visibility, allowing for better control over the drawing elements.
D. Blocks and Block References: Blocks are reusable entities or symbols that can be inserted into
drawings. Block references allow multiple instances of a block to be placed throughout the
drawing.

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 E. Dimensions and Annotations: AutoCAD provides tools for adding dimensions and annotations
to drawings, such as linear dimensions, angular dimensions, text, and leaders.
F. Hatch: The hatch command is used to fill closed areas with patterns or solid colors.
G. Model space and Paper space: Model space is where the actual drawing is created and edited.
Paper space is used to set up layouts, including title blocks, borders, and multiple views of the
model.
H. Viewports: Viewports are used within paper space to display different views of the model in a
layout.
I. Plotting and Printing: AutoCAD allows for plotting or printing drawings to physical output
devices or creating digital files in various formats.

1.1.4. CAD Manuals, Instructions, and Operating Procedures

The manuals, instructions, and operating procedures for CAD software play a crucial role in
ensuring efficient and accurate usage. These documents provide comprehensive guidance on the
features, tools, and functionalities of the software, enabling users to effectively create, modify, and
annotate their designs.
A. CAD Manuals: The manuals typically include detailed explanations of each command and
function available in AutoCAD. They cover topics such as navigation, drawing creation,
editing techniques, layer management, object manipulation, and dimensioning. Additionally,
they often provide tips and best practices for optimizing workflow and productivity.
B. CAD Instructions: The instructions outline specific steps and workflows for various tasks
within the CAD software. They may include tutorials and exercises to help users practice and
reinforce their skills. These instructions offer valuable insights into the proper utilization of
tools and techniques, ensuring that users are able to accomplish their design objectives
efficiently.
C. CAD Program Capabilities and Processing: CAD programs are specialized software used for
creating, modifying, analyzing, and optimizing designs and drawings in various industries such
as engineering, architecture, manufacturing, and construction. These programs offer a range of
capabilities and undergo complex processing to enable efficient design workflows.
CAD program capabilities and processing:
 Design Creation and Modification: CAD programs provide tools and functionalities to
create 2D and 3D designs from scratch or modify existing designs. Users can draw and edit

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 lines, arcs, shapes, and surfaces using precise measurements. The programs also support
complex manipulations, like mirroring, scaling, rotating, and filleting, to easily modify
designs as required.
 Parametric Modeling: One significant capability of CAD programs is parametric modeling,
which allows designers to define relationships between objects and their characteristics.
By using parameters, constraints, and formulas, designers can create intelligent designs
that automatically update when modifications are made. This makes it easier to iterate and
maintain design consistency.
 Assembly Design and Analysis: CAD programs facilitate the assembly of multiple parts or
components to create complex designs. Users can define spatial relationships and
constraints between these parts, ensuring proper fit and functionality. Moreover, CAD
programs often offer tools for simulation and analysis, allowing designers to test for
interferences, strength, motion, and other factors to verify the performance of the assembly.
 Rendering and Visualization: CAD programs employ rendering techniques to generate
realistic visual representations of designs. This enables users to evaluate the appearance,
materials, lighting, and texture of the design before the actual production. Advanced
rendering functionality can simulate real-world environments, enhancing the visualization
process.
 Documentation and Collaboration: CAD programs integrate tools for creating accurate and
standardized technical documentation. Users can generate detailed drawings, annotations,
dimensions, and bills of materials directly from the design. CAD software often supports
collaboration by enabling teams to work on the same design simultaneously, track changes,
and share files.

1.1.5. Version of AutoCAD

AutoCAD has been available on the market since 1982, making it the first CAD system developed
for PCs. The first version of AutoCAD was R1 after that R2, R3, R4, and so on. In 2000, Autodesk
launched a version of AutoCAD 2000 after that 2001, 2002, and so on. Latest version is easy to
use and overcome the difficulties of old version. When installing the AutoCAD software always
check the accessible version of the software is compatible with the computer system at hand. To
check this guidance of IT profession is essential.

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 1.2. Computer Initiating and Shutting Down Operation
1.2.1. Computer Operation
For efficient CAD use, computers must meet certain operational requirements. Here are some
crucial aspects related to computer operation in CAD:
A. Hardware Requirements: CAD programs demand high computing power and rely on a
combination of hardware components. This includes a fast processor (CPU), sufficient RAM,
a capable graphics card (GPU) to handle 3D graphics, and ample storage space to store design
files. Advanced CAD usage may require additional hardware, such as specialized graphics
cards for rendering or large-scale data processing.
B. Operating System Compatibility: CAD programs are designed to run on specific operating
systems like Windows, macOS, or Linux. Choosing a compatible operating system and
ensuring it is up-to-date with the necessary service packs and updates is vital for seamless CAD
operation.
C. Storage and Backup: CAD files usually become quite large, especially for complex designs.
Adequate storage capacity is crucial to handle these files and ensure smooth operation. Regular
backup routines should also be enforced to prevent data loss in case of hardware failures or
accidental deletions.
D. Software Compatibility: CAD programs often rely on other software and plug-ins to enhance
their capabilities. Ensuring compatibility with essential software, such as rendering engines,
data analysis tools, or manufacturing software, is essential for efficient workflow.

1.2.2. Computer Initiating Operation

Starting a computer typically involves the following steps:

A. Connect the power cable: Plug the power cable into the computer and then into a power outlet.
B. Press the power button: Locate the power button on your computer (usually located on the
front or top of the case) and press it to turn on the computer.
C. Boot up process: The computer's basic input/output system (BIOS) starts up, followed by the
operating system's booting process. This may involve displaying the manufacturer's logo,
checking hardware connections, and loading the operating system.
D. User login: Once the operating system has successfully loaded, you will be prompted to log in
with a username and password, if required.

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 E. Desktop screen: After logging in, the computer will display the desktop screen. This is where
you'll find icons, shortcuts, and other features depending on your operating system.
F. Launching applications: From the desktop screen, you can launch various applications like
web browsers, word processors, games, and any other software installed on your computer.
These steps may vary slightly depending on the specific computer model and operating system
you are using.

1.2.3. Shutting Down Operation

The general steps to properly shut down a computer system:

A. Save your work: Make sure to save any open documents or files you are currently working on.
This ensures that you won't lose any unsaved data when shutting down.
B. Close programs and applications: Close all running programs and applications to prevent any
data loss or conflicts during the shutdown process. You can usually do this by clicking the "X"
button in the top right corner of each program's window or by selecting "File" > "Exit" or
"Close" within the program.
C. Disconnect external devices: If you have any external devices connected to your computer,
such as USB drives, external hard drives, printers, or other peripherals, safely eject or
disconnect them by following the appropriate procedure. This helps avoid potential data
corruption or damage to the devices.
D. Save and close web browser tabs: If you have multiple tabs open in your web browser, save
any pending work or bookmark important web pages, then close the browser.
E. Log out of user accounts: If you are using a shared computer or have multiple user accounts
on your system, log out of your user account(s) before shutting down. This prevents
unauthorized access to your personal files and settings.
F. Click Start menu, power button, or equivalent: In most cases, you can click the Windows Start
menu icon or the Apple logo in the top-left corner of the screen and select either "Shut down,"
"Power," or a similar option. Alternatively, you may have a dedicated power button on your
computer tower or laptop keyboard that can be pressed to initiate the shutdown process.
G. Confirm shutdown: Some systems may prompt you to confirm your decision to shut down.
Ensure that no unsaved work or processes are running, then click "OK" or similar to proceed.
H. Wait for shutdown process: The computer will begin shutting down, and you may see a screen
displaying the progress. Be patient and wait for the process to complete.

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 I. Power off the computer: Once the shutdown process is finished, the computer will power off
automatically. If it doesn't, you can press and hold the power button for a few seconds until the
computer turns off. However, it's generally best to allow the system to shut down normally to
prevent potential data loss or corruption.
It is important to note that some steps may vary depending on the operating system (e.g., Windows,
macOS, Linux) or specific computer model, so always consult the documentation or help resources
provided by your device's manufacturer for accurate instructions.

1.3. Computer Aided Drafting Software Installation

To install AutoCAD 2007, follow these steps:
A. Insert the AutoCAD 2007 installation disc or flash disk into your computer.
B. Open the disc and locate the installer file, usually named "Setup.exe" or something similar.
C. Double-click on the installer file to begin the installation process.
D. Follow the on-screen instructions provided by the installer. You may be prompted to enter your
product key, accept the license agreement, choose the installation type and destination folder,
and select any additional components to install.
E. Once you have completed the installation process, you can launch AutoCAD 2007 by finding
its shortcut in the Start menu or desktop.

1.4. CAD User Interface and Basic Parameters

1.4.1. CAD User Interface

The user interface (UI) is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device.
This can include display screens, keyboards, a mouse and the appearance of a desktop. It is also
the way through which a user interacts with an application or a website. The user interface provides
all the tools you need to work on a drawing. Increase productivity and simplify your workflow by
customizing the interface to support the way you work.
A. Standard User Interface
 Drawing Area: The drawing area is the main display area where you create and edit your
designs. It occupies the majority of the screen and allows you to view and manipulate
objects.

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  Command Line: The command line, located at the bottom of the screen, serves as a text-
based interface to interact with AutoCAD. It displays prompts, command options,
coordinates, and other input for executing various commands.
 Menu Bar and Ribbon: AutoCAD provides a menu bar and ribbon interface where you
access different menus, commands, and tools. The menu bar offers a traditional drop-down
menu structure, whereas the ribbon organizes commands and tools into tabs and panels.

Figure 1. 1 Screen display areas

 Toolbars: Toolbars in AutoCAD contain icons and buttons that represent various
commands and tools. They provide quick access to commonly used functions.
 Status Bar: The status bar, situated at the bottom of the screen, provides information about
the current drawing settings and tools. It displays details such as snap and grid settings,
current coordinate system, layout tabs, and more.
 The Dashboard: The dashboard is a special palette that displays buttons and controls that
are associated with a task-based workspace. It is used primarily for 3D modeling, viewing,
and rendering.

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 Figure 1. 2 Dashboard
B. Status Bar
In AutoCAD, the status bar provides various information and access to several tools and functions.
Here is a list of common items found on the AutoCAD status bar:
 Grid Display: Displays the current grid setting and allows you to toggle the grid on or off.
 Snap Mode: Shows the current snap mode setting and allows you to toggle it on or off.
 Ortho Mode: Indicates whether the ORTHO mode is enabled or disabled and allows you
to toggle it on or off.
 Polar Tracking: Displays the current polar tracking angle setting and allows you to toggle
it on or off.
 Object Snap Mode: Shows the active object snap mode(s) and allows you to cycle through
available options.
 Dynamic Input: Indicates whether the dynamic input is enabled or disabled and allows you
to toggle it on or off.
 Model/Paper Space: Displays the current workspace mode (Model or Paper space) and
allows you to switch between them.
 UCS (User Coordinate System): Displays the current UCS setting and allows you to switch
between different UCS options.

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 Figure 1. 3 Status bar
 2D Wireframe/3D Wireframe/Realistic/Conceptual: Provides shortcuts to change visual
styles for viewing the drawing.
 Annotation Scale: Allows you to change the annotation scale for annotative objects.
 Layout Tabs: Displays the names of all layout tabs in the drawing and allows you to switch
between them.
 Viewport Lock: Indicates whether the active viewport is locked or not and allows you to
toggle it on or off.
 Layout Viewports: Displays the number of viewports in the active layout and allows you
to manage their properties.
 Drawing Units: Shows the current drawing unit settings and allows you to change them.
 Object Snap Tracking: Indicates whether object snap tracking is enabled or disabled and
allows you to toggle it on or off.
 Selection Cycling: Shows the current selection cycling setting and allows you to toggle it
on or off.
C. Function Keys
 F1 Help Explanations of Commands.
 F2 Flip screen Toggles from Text Screen to Graphics Screen.
 F3 Osnap Toggles Osnap On and Off.
 F4 Tablet Toggles the Tablet On and Off.
 F5 Isoplane Changes the Isoplane from Top to Right to Left.
 F6 Coordinate Display Changes the display from ON /OFF/.
 F7 Grid Toggles the Grid On or Off.

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  F8 Ortho Toggles Ortho On or Off.
 F9 Snap Toggles Increment Snap on or off.
 F10 Polar Toggles Polar Tracking On or Off.
 F11 Otrack Toggles Object Snap Tracking On and Off.
D. Special Key Functions
 Escape Key Cancels the current command, menu or Dialog Box.
 Enter Key Ends a command, or will repeat the previous command if the command line is
blank.
 Space Bar same as the Enter Key, except when entering text.

1.4.2. Basic Parameters

These parameters (layers, line type, line width, color, and text format) in AutoCAD are essential
for organizing, visualizing, and communicating your design intent effectively. By adjusting these
parameters, you can create professional-looking drawings with clear and distinct elements.
A. Layers: Layers act as a way to organize and manage objects within an AutoCAD drawing. You
can assign objects to specific layers, control their visibility, apply different properties (like
color and line type), and easily turn layers on or off.

Figure 1. 4 Layer
B. Line Type: AutoCAD includes different line types, such as continuous, dashed, dotted, or
defined by the user. Line types can be assigned to objects or layers to differentiate between
various elements in the drawing.

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 Figure 1. 5 Line type
C. Line Width: Line width determines the thickness of the lines in the drawing. AutoCAD
provides various line width options, allowing you to customize the appearance and visibility
of your objects.

Figure 1. 6 Line width

D. Color: AutoCAD supports a wide range of colors that can be assigned to objects or layers.
Colors give your drawings visual depth and aid in distinguishing between different
components.

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 Figure 1. 7 Color
E. Text Format: AutoCAD provides extensive options for formatting text, allowing you to create
annotations, labels, and other textual elements within your drawing. You can specify font, size,
style, alignment, and other formatting parameters to enhance the clarity and readability of the
text.

Figure 1. 8 Text format

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 Self-Check-1
Part I: True or False
Instruction: Say true for true or false for false statement.
1. AutoCAD is a computer-aided design software used for creating 2D and 3D designs.
2. AutoCAD provides tools for adding dimensions and annotations to drawings.
3. CAD programs rely on hardware components such as a fast processor and sufficient RAM.
4. CAD drawings utilize layers and organizational structures to manage and control different
elements of the design.
5. AutoCAD 2007 was the first version of AutoCAD released by Autodesk.
Part II: Multiple Choice
Instruction: Choose the correct answer for the give choice.
1. Which software is commonly used for computer-aided design (CAD) in various industries?
a. AutoCAD c. Sketch Up
b. SolidWorks d. Revit
2. What is the purpose of layers in AutoCAD?
a. To organize and manage objects within a drawing
b. To control the visibility of objects
c. To apply different properties to objects
d. All of the above
3. Which function key in AutoCAD toggles the grid on or off?
a. F1 c. F3
b. F2 d. F7
4. What is the purpose of line types in AutoCAD?
a. To differentiate between various elements in a drawing
b. To control the appearance of lines
c. To assign different properties to objects or layers
d. All of the above
5. Which parameter in AutoCAD determines the thickness of lines in a drawing?
a. Layers c. Line width
b. Line type d. Color

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 6. What is the purpose of colors in AutoCAD?
a. To enhance the visual depth of a drawing
b. To distinguish between different components
c. To assign different properties to objects or layers
d. All of the above
7. Which parameter in AutoCAD allows you to assign different colors to objects or layers?
a. Line type c. Color
b. Line width d. Text format
8. Which CAD software is widely used in various industries such as architecture, engineering,
construction, manufacturing, and interior design?
a. Solid Works c. CATIA
b. AutoCAD d. Sketch Up
9. What is the purpose of layers in AutoCAD?
a. To organize and manage objects within a drawing
b. To change the color of objects
c. To create 3D models
d. To add dimensions and annotations
10. What does line width determine in AutoCAD?
a. The thickness of lines c. The length of lines
b. The color of lines d. The angle of lines
Part III: Fill the blank answer.
Instructions: Answer all the following questions accordingly.
1. AutoCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) software developed by _________________.
2. The drawing area in AutoCAD is the main display area where users can create and edit their
_________________.

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 Operation Sheet 1.1
Operation title:
 Computer Initiating and Shutting Down Operation
Purpose:
 To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required to initiate and shutting down
computer.
Instruction:
 Use given tools and equipment to initiate and shutting down computer. For this operation
you have given 1 Hour.
Precautions:
 Follow OSH safe work practice standards.
Tools and requirement:
 Computer with accessories.
Procedures:
Computer Initiating Operation:
 Step 1. Plug the power cable into the computer and then into a power outlet.
 Step 2. Locate the power button on your computer and press it to turn on the computer.
 Step 3. The computer's basic input/output system (BIOS) starts up, followed by the
operating system's booting process. This may involve displaying the manufacturer's logo,
checking hardware connections, and loading the operating system.
 Step 4. Once the operating system has successfully loaded, you will be prompted to log in
with a username and password, if required.
 Step 5. After logging in, the computer will display the desktop screen. This is where you'll
find icons, shortcuts, and other features depending on your operating system.
Computer Shutting Down Operation:
 Step1. Make sure to save any open documents or files you are currently working on.
 Step 2. Close all running programs and applications.
 Step 3. If you have any external devices connected to your computer, such as USB drives,
external hard drives, printers, or other peripherals, safely eject or disconnect them.

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  Step 4. If you are using a shared computer or have multiple user accounts on your system,
log out of your user account(s) before shutting down.
 Step 5. In most cases, you can click the Windows Start menu icon or the Apple logo in the
top-left corner of the screen and select either "Shut down," "Power," or a similar option.
Alternatively, you may have a dedicated power button on your computer tower or laptop
keyboard that can be pressed to initiate the shutdown process.
 Step 6. Some systems may prompt you to confirm your decision to shut down. Ensure that
no unsaved work or processes are running, then click "OK" or similar to proceed.
 Step 7. The computer will begin shutting down, and you may see a screen displaying the
progress. Be patient and wait for the process to complete.
 Step 8. Once the shutdown process is finished, the computer will power off automatically.
If it doesn't, you can press and hold the power button for a few seconds until the computer
turns off.
Quality Criteria:
 All programs must be shut down before shutting down a computer.
 Don’t unplug the power before shutting down a computer.
 Long press to a power button is the last option. Use proper procedure at hand for safe
shutting down operation.

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 Operation Sheet 1.2
Operation title:
 AutoCAD Software Installation
Purpose:
 To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required to install AutoCAD Software
Instruction:
 Use given tools and equipment to install AutoCAD software. For this operation you have
given 1 Hour.
Precautions:
 Follow OSH safe work practice standards.
Tools and requirement:
 Computer with accessories
 Installation disc or flash disk
Procedures:
 Step 1. Insert the AutoCAD installation disc or flash disk into your computer.
 Step 2. Open the disc and locate the installer file, usually named "Setup.exe" or something
similar.
 Step 3. Double-click on the installer file to begin the installation process.
 Step 4. Follow the on-screen instructions provided by the installer. You may be prompted
to enter your product key, accept the license agreement, choose the installation type and
destination folder, and select any additional components to install.
 Step 5. Once you have completed the installation process, you can launch AutoCAD 2007
by finding its shortcut in the Start menu or desktop.
Quality Criteria:
 The software must be working accordingly.
 The software must be cracked.

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 LAP Test 1
Practical Demonstration
Name: __________________________ Date: _______________________
Time started: ____________________ Time finished: _______________

Instruction:
 Use given tools and equipment to accomplish the following tasks.
 For this operation you have given 1 Hour.

Task 1. Initiating a computer

Task 2. Shutting down a computer
Task 3. Installation of AutoCAD software

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 Unit Two. Producing New and Modifying Existing CAD Drawings
This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 CAD File Creation
 Producing CAD Drawings
 CAD Drawings Reviewing
 Locating and Modifying Existing CAD Drawings
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Create CAD file
 Produce CAD drawings
 Review CAD drawings
 Locate and modify existing CAD drawings

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 2.1. CAD File Creation

2.1.1. Creating a New CAD File

To create a new CAD (Computer-Aided Design) file, you will need a CAD software installed on
your computer. Here is a step-by-step guide to creating a new CAD file using Autodesk AutoCAD,
which is one of the most popular CAD software programs:
1. Open Autodesk AutoCAD.
2. Click on the "New" button or go to the "File" menu and select "New."
3. Choose a template or a drawing file format based on your specific project needs. Generally,
templates for different types of drawings are available, such as architectural, mechanical,
electrical, or civil.
4. Click "OK" to open a new drawing window.
5. Specify the drawing units by going to the "Format" menu and selecting "Units." Choose the
appropriate units for your project, such as inches, millimeters, or feet.
6. Set up the drawing scale depending on your project requirements. Use the "Scale" command
located in the "Format" menu or type in "Scale" in the command line and press Enter.
7. Begin drawing your design by selecting the appropriate drawing tools from the toolbar on the
left side of the screen. You can use lines, circles, arcs, rectangles, or other functional shapes to
create your design.
8. Use precision and accuracy while drawing by specifying exact measurements, coordinates,
angles, or distances through the command line or the properties palette.
9. Save your work periodically by clicking on the "Save" button or going to the "File" menu and
selecting "Save."
10. Provide a name for your CAD file and choose a location to save it on your computer.
Remember to save your CAD file frequently during the creation process to avoid losing any
progress. Additionally, consult the software's documentation or online tutorials for specific
commands and features based on your software version.

2.1.2 Opening Existing CAD File

To open an existing CAD file, you will need to have a CAD software program installed on your
computer that supports the file format of the CAD file you want to open. The general steps to open
an existing CAD file:

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 1. Launch the CAD software program on your computer.
2. Go to the File menu or click on the Open icon/button, typically located at the top left corner of
the software's interface.
3. In the Open dialog box that appears, navigate to the location where the CAD file is saved. This
could be on your computer's hard drive, an external storage device, or a network location.
4. Select the CAD file you want to open by clicking on it once.
5. Click on the Open button in the dialog box. The CAD software will then load and open the
selected file.
6. Once the CAD file is open, you can view and interact with its contents, make modifications, or
perform any necessary actions depending on the capabilities of the CAD software.
Remember to save any changes made to the CAD file to ensure that they are preserved for future
use.

2.2. Producing CAD Drawings

2.3.1. Coordinate Entry System

The Coordinate Entry System in AutoCAD allows you to accurately specify points and distances
while creating or modifying objects. It offers various methods for entering precise coordinates,
distances, and angles, ensuring accurate placement and sizing of objects within a drawing. A good
understanding of how co-ordinates work in AutoCAD is absolutely crucial if you are to make the
best use of the program. It is an exact way of entering precise points and location within the
AutoCAD drawing area, such as the starting and ending points of lines, exact centers of circles
and so on. The co-ordinate entry system use in AutoCAD is called the “Cartesian Coordinate
System".
X, Y, Z Co-Ordinate Entry System Angular Measurement
Four most popular way of enter coordinates in AutoCAD are absolute coordinate entry, relative
coordinate entry, polar coordinate entry, and direct distance entry.
AutoCAD by default measures angles (degrees) counter -clockwise as a positive angle starting
from O to 360 degrees. If an angle is measured in the clockwise direction this is considered a
negative angle starting from 360 to 0 In AutoCAD 0 degrees s the same as 360 degrees, they
occupy the same point. 0 or 360 degrees is going to the night, 90 degrees is going straight up. 180

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 degrees is going to the left, 270 degrees is going straight down. All other angles lie in between the
four major angles.
Drawing a Line in the Positive Degrees
direction in AutoCAD is easy you just tell AutoCAD how far and at what angle you want to draw
the line (Example: (@6< 150) draws a line 6 inches long in the positive 150 degrees direction
Drawing a line in the negative direction would look like this (Example (@:4<-30) draws a line 4
inches in the -30 direction (Refer to polar coordinate entry for a better explanation on how to draw
lines at distances and angles

Figure 2. 1 Drawing a line in the degrees

X, Y, Z Co-ordinate Entry System
A good understanding of how co-ordinates work in AutoCAD is absolutely crucial if you are to
make the best use of the program the co-ordinate system in AutoCAD is called the Cartesian
coordinate system. The position of a point can be described by its distance from two axes. X axes
and Y axes. The UCS icon in the lower left corner of the drawing area shows you which way the
X and Y axes go. In AutoCAD when you enter a coordinate using either absolute or relative
coordinate entry, AutoCAD always reads the X axes first and then the Y axes second. Everything
you draw in AutoCAD lines, circle, etc. always has an X and Y coordinate location assigned to it.
The coordinate readout at the bottom left corner of the screen always tells you where your cursor
is at in XY. If you move your cursor around the XY coordinate readout will change. The lower left
corner of your screen is the 0 reference point in the drawing area, this is the origin where the
coordinate readout begins counting from. You must understand which way is Y and Which way is
X and where the 0 reference point is. The 0 reference point is at the exact intersection of the X and
Y on the UCS icon

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 Figure 2. 2 Drawing a line in the Co-ordinate Entry System
A. Absolute Coordinate Entry
Using this method, you enter the points as they relate to the origin of the WCS (World Co-ordinate
System) the origin of the WCS is at the lower left corner of your drawing area, where the UCS
icon is. For example you would like to start a line at 10.10 in the drawing area that's 10 on the X
axes and 10 on the Y axes You enter the line command, AutoCAD prompts you to specify first
point, you type in: 10.10 and press enter The line commands puts the first point of the line at 10.10
from the 0 reference point in the drawing area. From that point you can enter another point for the
second point of the line. To start the first point of the UCS in the -X and -Y direction, you would
enter the line command for first point type in - 10, - 10 and press enter. To put it simply all
coordinates using the absolute method of entry come relative from the 0 reference point at the
bottom left corner of your screen.
Examples of absolute coordinate entry would be
2.2. - 2.1. 1. - 2. - 2, - 2
Remember: AutoCAD always reads X axes first then the Y axes.

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 Figure 2. 3 Absolute Coordinate Entry
Absolute coordinate entry
 Type in LINE (press enter)
 Specify first point Type in: 2,2 (press enter) starting point
 Specify next point type in: 4.2 (press enter) draws a line to second point
 Specify next point type in: 4,4 (press enter) draws a line to the third point
 Type in CLOSE (press enter) Closes the third point to the first point with a line
Remember: AutoCAD always reads the X coordinate first then the Y coordinate.
B. Relative Coordinate Entry
Enter the line command and pick the starting point of a line that point then becomes the 0 reference
point you are now prompted to enter the second point of your line. You enter @2.2 AutoCAD then
draws a line relative from the last point you picked to the second point you are now prompted to
enter another point. you type in @3,3 AutoCAD now draws a line relative form the second point
to the third point The @ symbol tells AutoCAD that you are going to use the relative coordinate
entry to locate another point, this symbol must always be put in front of the X and Y coordinate
(Examples of relative entry: @2,2 . @1.2 @6.5)

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 Figure 2. 4 Relative Coordinate Entry
Relative coordinate entry
 Type in LINE (press enter)
 Specify first point Pick a point with your input device anywhere in the drawing area
 Specify next point Type in @2.0 (press enter) draws a line from the first point to the second
point.
 Specify next point Type in @0.2 (press enter) draws a line from the second point to the
third point
 Specify next point Type in @-2.0 (press enter) Draw a line from the third point to the fourth
point in the negative 2 direction
Remember: In relative coordinate entry each time a new point is picked that point then becomes
the 0 reference point.
C. Polar Coordinate Entry
You would use polar coordinate entry if you know that you want to draw a line a certain distance
at a particular angle. Let’s say you wanted to draw a line 2 inches at 30 degrees, the polar
coordinate entry would look like this @2<30. the @ symbol tells AutoCAD the next point is
relative from the last point picked, the 2 tells AutoCAD the line will be 2 inches long, the < tells
AutoCAD the next entry will be a degrees, the 30 tells AutoCAD the line will be drawn at 30

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 degrees. You must use polar coordinate entry In this manner or it will not work (Examples of polar
coordinate entry: @1<90 . @4<30. @2<207 and so on) (Click here to do a short tutorial)

Figure 2. 5 Polar Coordinate Entry

Polar coordinate entry
 Type in LINE (press enter)
 Specify first point Pick a point anywhere in the drawing area
 Specify next point type in @2<30 (press enter) Draws a line relative from the first point to
the second, 2 inches in the 30 degree direction
 Specify next point type in @2<150 (press enter) draws a line relative from the second point
to the third point, 2 inches in the 150 degree direction.
 Type in: CLOSE (press enter) draws a line from the third point back to the first point to
close the profile

2.3.2. Using Draw Toolbar

Basic CAD drawings refer to simple 2D or 3D computer-aided design (CAD) drawings that are
created using CAD software. These drawings are typically used to represent basic geometric
shapes, objects, or structures. They are often used in various industries such as architecture,
engineering, manufacturing, and construction for basic design and visualization purposes.
Examples of basic CAD drawings can include:
 2D floor plans: These drawings show the layout and dimensions of a building's floor plan,
including rooms, walls, doors, and windows.
 2D elevation views: This shows the external view of a building or structure, illustrating its
height and overall appearance.

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  Basic 3D models: These drawings provide a three-dimensional representation of simple
objects or structures, such as a cube, a sphere, or a basic architectural design.
 Assembly drawings: These drawings show how different parts or components of a product
fit together to create a complete assembly.
 Orthographic projections: These drawings provide multiple views (front, top, and side) of
an object or structure to show all its dimensions accurately.
 Isometric drawings: These drawings represent an object or structure in a three-dimensional
view with equal scale for all three axes, creating a more realistic representation.
 Cross-sections: These drawings show a sliced view of an object or structure, highlighting
its internal features or construction details.
 Schematic diagrams: These drawings show the interconnection and relationship between
different components or elements in a system or circuit.
Generally, basic CAD drawings serve as a visual representation of ideas, concepts, or products
using computer software to enhance precision, accuracy, and efficiency in various design and
engineering fields.
Basic CAD drawings commonly include the characteristics:
A. Lines: Straight lines are fundamental elements in CAD drawings and are used to outline
shapes, create boundaries, and indicate edges. In this practice exercise you will practice using
the line command to draw the object below.

Figure 2. 6 Drawing using line command

Steps for draw a figure using line command:
1. Begin a new drawing.
2. In the Select template dialog box, select the acad template file (dwt) and click Open.

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 3. Be sure the following status bar settings are on:
 Polar tracking
 Object snap
 Object snap tracking
 Enter 4 and press ENTER.
4. Continue with the Line command to draw the remaining line segments from points (2) to
(3):
 Drag your mouse up until you see that the tooltip indicates that the Polar angle is 90.
 Enter 1 and press ENTER.
 Drag to < 0, and enter 1 and press ENTER.
 Drag to < 90, and enter 1.5 and press ENTER.
 Drag to < 180, and enter 1 and press ENTER.
 Drag to < 90, and enter 1 and press ENTER.
 Drag to < 180, and enter 4 and press ENTER.
5. Drag the mouse down to Polar < 270 until you see the object snap indicates you have
reached the original endpoint (1), and click the endpoint. Be sure to click inside the
Endpoint Object Snap box. Press ENTER to end the Line command.
B. Arcs: Arcs are curved lines that form a portion of a circle or an elliptical shape. They are used
to create curved or rounded features in a drawing.

Figure 2. 7 Arc

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 In this practice exercise, you use the Start, Center, End Arc command. First, you draw a rectangle.
Remember that arcs are drawn counterclockwise, so it is important that you select your points in
the correct order. Draw all of the arcs so that they are outside of the rectangle.

Figure 2. 8 Drawing using arc and line command

Steps for draw a figure using arc and line command:
1. Begin a new drawing.
2. In the Select template dialog box, select the acad template file (dwt) and click Open.
3. Be sure the following status bar settings are on:
 Polar tracking
 Object snap
 Object snap tracking
4. To draw the rectangle (any size):
 On the ribbon, click Home tab > Draw panel> Line.
 For the start point, specify the first corner (1).
 Use Polar Tracking to create a rectangle and make sure you snap to the first corner (1)
when done.
5. To draw the first arc:
 On the ribbon, click Home tab > Draw panel> Start, Center, End Arc (select the down
arrow by the Arc button).

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  Specify the start point of the arc. Click the rectangle Endpoint (2).
 Specify the center point of the arc. Enter MID and press ENTER.
 Click the midpoint of the rectangle at (3).
 Specify the endpoint of the arc. Click the rectangle endpoint (4).
6. Repeat these steps until you have finished.
Remember to draw your arcs in a counterclockwise direction, using the Start, Center, End Arc
command.
C. Circles: Perfectly round shapes are created using circles. They are often used to represent
cylindrical objects or rounded elements in a design.

Figure 2. 9 Circles
In this practice exercise, you use the Tan, Tan, Radius, Circle command and the 2-Point Circle.
First, you draw two adjacent lines that are 5.25 units each.

Figure 2. 10 Drawing circles

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 Steps for draw a figure using circle command:
1. Begin a new drawing.
2. In the Select template dialog box, select the acad template file (dwt) and click Open.
3. Be sure the following status bar settings are on:
 Polar tracking
 Object snap
 Object snap tracking
4. To draw the lines:
 Start the Line command.
 For the start point, select the endpoint of the line (1).
 Drag the mouse down until the Polar angle indicates that it is < 270. Enter 5.25 and
press ENTER.
 Drag the mouse to the right until the Polar angle indicates < 0. Enter 5.25 and press
ENTER.
 Press ENTER to end the Line command.
5. Adjust the display of your drawing using Zoom or Pan Real-time, if necessary.
6. To draw the smaller circle (3):
 On the ribbon, click Home tab > Draw panel > Circle drop-down > Tan, Tan, Radius.
 Move the cursor to the vertical line until you see the Deferred Tangent object snap and
then click.
 Now move the cursor to the horizontal line until you see Deferred Tangent again and
click.
 Specify the radius of the circle. Enter 2 and press ENTER.
7. To draw the larger circle (4):
 On the Home tab, click Draw panel > Circle drop-down > 2-Point.
 Move the cursor to the end of the vertical line (1) until you see the Endpoint object
snap and click.
 Now move the cursor to the end of the horizontal line (2) until you see the Endpoint
object snap and click.
D. Polygons: Polygons are closed shapes with straight sides and angles. They can have any
number of sides, ranging from three (triangles) to many sides (polygons).

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 Figure 2. 11 Polygons
Use the Polygon command to draw a 6-sided polygon that is inscribed about a circle, one that is
circumscribed about a circle, and one that has an edge length of 1. First, draw two circles with a
radius of 1.5, then draw the polygons.

Figure 2. 12 Drawing polygons

Note: Although you will draw the inscribed and circumscribed polygons inside a circle, it is only
to compare the two options. It is not necessary to draw a circle first to make a polygon.
1. Open a new drawing using the acad .dwt template.

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 2. Click the following status bar options so that they are on:
 Polar tracking
 Object snap
 Object snap tracking
On the status bar, right-click Object Snap and click the Center snap mode so that it is also on.

Figure 2. 13 Center snap

3. To draw a polygon that is inscribed in a circle, as shown in example 1:
 On the ribbon, click Home tab > Draw panel > Polygon.
 Enter 6 for the number of polygon sides.
 Click the center of the circle for the center of the polygon. If object snap is on and
center mode is selected, you will see the center snap indicator, as shown below.

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 Figure 2. 14 Center highlighting with central snap
 Enter I (for Inscribed). Press ENTER.
 To specify the radius of the polygon circle, enter 1.5. Press ENTER.

Figure 2. 15 Inscribed circle

4. To draw a polygon that is circumscribed about a circle, as shown in example 2:
 On the Home tab, click Draw panel > Polygon.
 Enter 6 for the number of polygon sides.
 Click the center of the circle for the center of the polygon. Click when you see the
circle's center object snap.
 Enter C (for Circumscribed). Press ENTER.
 To specify the radius of the circle, enter 1.5. Press ENTER.

Figure 2. 16 Draw a polygon that is circumscribed about a circle

5. To draw a polygon using the Edge option, as shown in example 3:
 On the Home tab, click Draw panel > Polygon.
 Enter 6 for the number of polygon sides.

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  Enter E (for Edge). Press ENTER.
 Click anywhere in the drawing window to specify the first endpoint of the edge.
 Drag the cursor and notice that with Polar Snap on you can specify the polar angle of
the edge. Enter 1. Press ENTER.

Figure 2. 17 Draw a polygon using the Edge option

E. Ellipses: Ellipses are oval shapes that are elongated or compressed in a specified direction.
They are often used to represent curved or elliptical elements, such as wheels or openings in a
design.

Figure 2. 18 Ellipses
F. Hatching or Filling of Areas: To differentiate between different regions or materials, CAD
drawings can use hatching or filling techniques to add patterns or colors to specific areas.

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 Figure 2. 19 Hatching

Figure 2. 20 Basic hatches for structural construction work

G. Text: CAD drawings include text annotations to provide additional information or labels for
various elements within the drawing.
H. Dimensions: Dimensions are essential in CAD drawings to indicate the sizes, lengths, and
distances between various objects or features. They are typically accompanied by numerical
values.
I. Tangents: Tangents are used to indicate the point of contact between a curve (such as an arc
or circle) and a straight line, showing how they meet without crossing.
These characteristics are the basic building blocks of CAD drawings and are used to create accurate
representations of objects, structures, or systems within various industries.

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 Table 2. 1 Summary of draw commands

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 2.4. CAD Drawings Reviewing
To review CAD drawings with your supervisor or designated staff in accordance with company
procedures, follow these steps:
A. Coordinate with your supervisor or designated staff members to schedule a meeting or review
session for the CAD drawings. This can be done through email, calendars, or any other
preferred communication method within your company.
B. Prior to the meeting, make sure you have the latest version of the CAD drawings ready for
review. This may involve saving or exporting the drawings in a format that can be easily shared
with others, such as PDF or DWG.
C. Share the CAD drawings with your supervisor or designated staff members using the agreed-
upon method. This can be done by attaching the files to an email, sharing them via a file-
sharing platform, or providing access to a shared network folder.
D. During the review session, be prepared to present and explain the CAD drawings to your
supervisor or designated staff members. Highlight any specific areas or features that require
their attention or feedback.
E. Take notes during the review session regarding any comments, suggestions, or modifications
requested by your supervisor or designated staff members. It's important to accurately capture
their feedback for future reference.
F. Make the necessary changes and modifications to the CAD drawings based on the feedback
received during the review session. Ensure that all modifications align with company
procedures and any relevant design or technical standards.
G. Once the changes have been made, share the revised CAD drawings with your supervisor or
designated staff members for further review if necessary. This can be done through the same
method used earlier, making sure to provide them with the updated versions of the drawings.
H. Repeat the review and modification process as needed until the CAD drawings meet all
requirements and receive approval from your supervisor or designated staff members.
I. Save the final approved version of the CAD drawings and any related documentation in a
designated location or folder, following your company's procedures for document
management.
J. Finally, ensure that any required documentation or sign-offs are obtained from your supervisor
or designated staff members to complete the review process as per company procedures

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 2.5. Locating and Modifying Existing CAD Drawings

2.5.1 Locating CAD Drawings

To locate CAD drawings on your computer, follow these steps:

A. Open the file explorer on your computer. This can be done by clicking on the File Explorer
icon in the taskbar or by pressing the Windows key + E on your keyboard.
B. Navigate to the location where your CAD drawings are typically saved. This could be in a
specific folder, a shared network drive, or any other designated location.
C. If you know the specific name of the CAD drawing you are looking for, you can use the search
bar at the top-right corner of the file explorer window. Enter the name of the drawing and press
Enter. The file explorer will display any matching results.
D. Alternatively, you can manually browse through the folders and subfolders to locate your CAD
drawings. Use the directory tree on the left side of the file explorer window to navigate to the
desired location.
E. Look for files with extensions commonly associated with CAD drawings, such as .dwg, .dxf,
or .ifc.
F. Once you have located the CAD drawing you are searching for, you can double-click on it to
open it in the appropriate CAD software installed on your computer.
Note: If you are unable to find your CAD drawings using the above steps, it is possible that they
have been moved, renamed, or deleted. In such cases, you may need to consult with your IT
department or the person responsible for managing your company's CAD files for further
assistance.

2.5.2. Modifying CAD drawings

AutoCAD provides several modify tools that allow you to edit and modify objects within your
drawings. List of some commonly used modify tools in AutoCAD along with their definitions and
associated commands:

A. Move
Moves selected objects to a new location.
Command: MOVE

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 Figure 2. 21 Move
B. Copy: Creates a copy of selected objects at a new location.

Command: COPY

Figure 2. 22 Copy
C. Rotate: Rotates selected objects around a base point.
Command: ROTATE

Figure 2. 23 Rotate

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 D. Scale: Resizes selected objects uniformly or with different X, Y, and Z scale factors.
Command: SCALE

Figure 2. 24 Scale
E. Mirror: Creates a mirrored copy of selected objects along a selected axis.
Command: MIRROR

Figure 2. 25 Mirror
F. Offset: Creates parallel copies of selected objects at a specified distance.
Command: OFFSET

Figure 2. 26 Offset

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 G. Trim: Removes portions of intersecting objects that lie outside a selected boundary.
Command: TRIM
H. Extend: Extends selected objects to a selected boundary or object.
Command: EXTEND

Figure 2. 27 Trim and Extend

I. Fillet: Rounds the sharp corners between two selected objects.
Command: FILLET
J. Chamfer: Creates beveled corners between two selected objects.
Command: CHAMFER

Figure 2. 28 Fillet and Chamfer

K. Explode: Breaks down complex objects into their individual components or simpler entities.
Command: EXPLODE
L. Stretch: Modifies the length or position of selected objects by stretching them between two
specified points.

Command: STRETCH

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 Figure 2. 29 Stretch
M. Array: Creates multiple copies of selected objects in a specified pattern.
Command: ARRAY

Figure 2. 30 Array
N. Break: Breaks an object at a specified point or between two selected points.
Command: BREAK
O. Join: Joins multiple lines, arcs, or polylines into a single object.
Command: JOIN

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 Figure 2. 31 Break & Join
P. Divide: Divides a selected object into a specified number of segments or portions.
Command: DIVIDE
Q. Align: Aligns selected objects with each other or with a specified reference point.
Command: ALIGN

Figure 2. 32 Align
R. Rotate: To rotate means to turn or spin something around an axis or a fixed point. This can
involve changing the position or orientation of an object, typically in a circular motion.
Command: ROTATE

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 Figure 2. 33 Rotate
These are just a few examples of the modify tools available in AutoCAD. AutoCAD offers a wide
range of additional tools and commands for modifying and editing objects within your drawings
Table 2. 2 Summary of modify commands

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 Self-Check-2
Part I: True or False question
Instruction: Say true if the statement is correct and false if the statement is incorrect.
1. The Coordinate Entry System in AutoCAD allows for the input of coordinates using Cartesian,
polar, and relative formats.
2. Basic CAD drawings can include 2D floor plans, 3D models, and assembly drawings, but not
schematic diagrams or cross-sections.
3. The Line command in CAD drawings is used to create curved or rounded features.
4. The Trim command in AutoCAD is used to extend selected objects to a selected boundary.
Part II: Multiple Choice
Instruction: Select the correct answer for the give choice.
1. Which coordinate entry method in AutoCAD allows you to specify the change in position
from the last point created?
a. Absolute coordinate entry c. Polar coordinate entry
b. Relative coordinate entry d. Direct distance entry
2. What is the purpose of polar coordinate entry in AutoCAD?
a. To specify points based on their distance from a reference point and angle relative to a
reference direction
b. To specify points using X, Y, and Z values to define their position in 3D space
c. To specify points based on their change in position from the last point created
d. To specify points using direct distances and angles
3. Which type of basic CAD drawing provides multiple views (front, top, and side) of an object
or structure?
a. 2D floor plans c. Orthographic projections
b. 2D elevation views d. Isometric drawings
4. What is the purpose of assembly drawings in CAD?
a. To show the layout and dimensions of a building's floor plan
b. To provide a three-dimensional representation of simple objects or structures
c. To show how different parts or components fit together to create a complete assembly
d. To represent an object or structure in a three-dimensional view with equal scale for all three
axes

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 5. Which command is used to draw straight lines in CAD drawings?
a. Arc c. Line
b. Circle d. Polygon
6. What command is used to create curved or rounded features in CAD drawings?
a. Arc c. Line
b. Circle d. Polygon
7. What command is used to create perfectly round shapes in CAD drawings?
a. Arc c. Line
b. Circle d. Polygon
8. Which command is used to draw closed shapes with straight sides and angles in CAD
drawings?
a. Arc c. Line
b. Circle d. Polygon
9. Which command is used to add patterns or colors to specific areas in CAD drawings?
a. Hatching c. Circle
b. Line d. Text
Part III: Fill in the Blank Space
Instructions: Fill in the blank space.
1. The _____________in AutoCAD allows you to accurately specify points and distances while
creating or modifying objects.
2. _____________command is used to create a copy of selected objects at a new location.
3. _____________command is used to extend selected objects to a selected boundary or object?

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 Operation Sheet 2.1
Operation title:
 Coordinate entry system
Purpose:
 To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required to coordinate entry system
Instruction:
 Use given tools and equipment to practice coordinate entry system. For this operation you
have given 2 hour.
Precautions:
 Follow OSH safe work practice standards.
Tools and requirement:
 Computer with accessories and installed with AutoCAD software
Procedures:
Remember to press ENTER after entering each co-ordinate point.
 Step 1. Command: l LINE
 Step 2. From point: 1, 1
 Step 3. Specify next point or [Undo]: 4.1,1
 Step 4. Specify next point or [Undo]: 4.5, 2.2
 Step 5. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2.3, 0
 Step 6. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1.4<30
 Step 7. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0, 2.1
 Step 8. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1.6<120
 Step 9. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-1.3, 0
 Step 10. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-1.4
 Step 11. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2.2<135
 Step 12. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-1, 0
 Step 13. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1.5<225
 Step 14. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-1,0
 Step 15. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2.3<-60
 Step 16. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1, 1

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 Quality Criteria:
 Accuracy
 Speed

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 Operation Sheet 2.2
Operation title:
 Drawing of an object
Purpose:
 To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required to draw of an object
Instruction:
 Use given tools and equipment to draw of an object. For this operation you have given 2
hour.
Precautions:
 Follow OSH safe work practice standards.
Tools and requirement:
 Computer with accessories and installed with AutoCAD software
Procedures:
Perform the following task step by step: follow the instruction in below do each task
 Step 1. Create a new drawing use basic
drawing tools (line, circle, and rectangle)
 Step 2. Edit object properties (color, line
type, etc.)
 Step 3. Modify the drawing use modify
tools (move, copy, rotate)
 Step 4. Insert text and dimensions to
drawing
 Step 5. Apply hatch and gradient fills to
drawing

Quality Criteria:
 Accuracy
 Speed

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 Operation Sheet 2.3
Note: Draw a given object by using the information from “Operation Sheet 2.2”.

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 Operation Sheet 2.4
Note: Draw a given object by using the information from “Operation Sheet 2.2”.

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 Operation Sheet 2.5
Note: Draw a given object by using the information from “Operation Sheet 2.2”.

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 Operation Sheet 2.6
Note: Draw a given object by using the information from “Operation Sheet 2.2”.

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 LAP Test 2
Practical Demonstration
Name: __________________________ Date: _______________________
Time started: ____________________ Time finished: _______________

Instruction
 Use given tools and equipment to accomplish the following tasks.
 For each task operation you have given 2 Hour.

Task 1. Draw the irregular shape by use coordinate entry system

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 Task 2. Draw the shape by use draw and modify toolbar.

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 Task 3. Draw the shape by use draw and modify toolbar.

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 Task 4. Draw the shape by use draw and modify toolbar

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 Task 5. Draw the shape by use draw and modify toolbar

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 Task 6. Draw the shape by use draw and modify toolbar

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 Unit Three. Producing CAD Outputs
This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Saving Drawing Files with Appropriate Format
 Printing Drawing Files
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Save drawing files with appropriate format
 Print drawing files

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 3.1. Saving Drawing Files with Appropriate Format
When saving drawing files, the correct file format is chosen and saved according to established
procedures or guidelines. These procedures could outline the acceptable formats for saving
drawings, such as .PDF, .DWG, or .JPEG, ensuring consistency and compatibility with the
software or applications used for drawing. This adherence to standard operating procedures helps
maintain organization, consistency, and efficient workflow within the drawing files.
Step-by-step instructions for saving an AutoCAD file in the formats .pdf, .dwg, and .jpeg:

3.1.1. Saving AutoCAD file as Portable Document Format (PDF)

The steps for saving auto CAD file as Portable Document Format (PDF) is listed below:
A. In AutoCAD, go to the "File" menu and select "Plot" or use the keyboard shortcut "Ctrl + P"
to open the plot dialog box.
B. In the "Plotter/Printer" section, select the "DWG to PDF.pc3" plotter or any other PDF
printer/plotter from the list.
C. Adjust the plot settings if necessary, such as paper size, orientation, scale, and plot area.
D. Under the "Plot Settings" section, ensure that the "Plot Area" is set to "Layout" to plot the
entire drawing or select "Window" or "Viewport" for specific areas.
E. Choose the desired plot style table, if applicable, and any other plotting preferences.
F. Under the "Plot Options" section, select the desired resolution, quality, and other settings.
G. Click on the "Plot" button to initiate the plotting process.
H. In the "Save As" dialog box, specify the file name, destination folder, and select .pdf as the file
format.
I. Click on the "Save" button to save the AutoCAD drawing as a PDF file.

3.1.2. Saving AutoCAD file as Drawing (DWG)

The steps for saving auto CAD file as drawing (DWG) is listed below:
A. Open the AutoCAD drawing that you want to save as a DWG file.
B. Go to the "File" menu and select "Save As" or use the keyboard shortcut "Ctrl + Shift + S" to
open the Save As dialog box.
C. In the Save As dialog box, choose the destination folder where you want to save the DWG file.
D. Specify the file name for your DWG file.
E. In the "Files of type" drop-down menu, select "AutoCAD Drawing (*.dwg)".

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 F. Click on the "Save" button to save the AutoCAD drawing as a DWG file.

3.1.3. Saving AutoCAD file as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)

The steps for saving auto CAD file as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is listed below:
A. Open the AutoCAD drawing that you want to save as a JPEG file.
B. Go to the "Plot" dialog box by selecting "Plot" from the "File" menu or by using the keyboard
shortcut "Ctrl + P".
C. In the "Plotter/Printer" section, select the desired printer or plotter that supports JPEG as an
output format. If it's not listed, you can install additional plotter drivers that support JPEG
format.
D. Adjust the plot settings such as paper size, orientation, scale, and plot area as needed.
E. Under the "Plot Options" section, select the desired resolution, quality, and other settings for
the JPEG image.
F. Click on the "Plot" button to start the plotting process.
G. In the "Save As" dialog box, choose the folder where you want to save the JPEG image.
H. Specify the file name for your JPEG image.
I. In the "Files of type" drop-down menu, select "JPEG File Interchange Format (*.jpg, *.jpeg)".
J. Click on the "Save" button to save the AutoCAD drawing as a JPEG file.
K. By following these step-by-step instructions, you can save your AutoCAD files in the desired
formats of PDF, DWG, and JPEG

Figure 3. 1 Save command

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 3.2. Printing Drawing Files
Plotter machines are commonly used to print drawing files in large format or on specialized
materials. These devices use a set of pens or inkjet nozzles to create precise and detailed prints.
Plotter printers can handle complex line art, architectural designs, engineering drawings, maps, or
any other files that require high-quality and accurate reproduction. In addition to plotters, there are
also other equivalent devices like wide-format printers that can perform similar functions.
To print a drawing file using a plotter or inkjet printer, you can follow these steps:
A. Prepare the drawing file: Ensure that your drawing file is in a compatible format such as PDF,
CAD, or vector-based graphics (e.g., SVG, AI) that can be recognized by the plotter or inkjet
printer.
B. Set the print parameters: Open the printing software or driver for your plotter or inkjet printer
and configure the necessary settings. This includes selecting the correct paper size, paper type
(if applicable), orientation (portrait or landscape), and desired print quality (e.g., DPI).
C. Load the paper or material: If using a plotter, load the appropriate paper or material onto the
plotter's roll or flatbed. Make sure it is aligned properly to avoid any misprints.
D. Print the file: Send the drawing file to the plotter or inkjet printer for printing. Depending on
your setup, you may need to choose the specific plotter or printer from the available options in
the print dialog.
E. Monitor the printing process: Keep an eye on the printing progress to ensure everything is
functioning correctly. If any issues arise, such as paper jams or ink cartridge problems, address
them as necessary.
F. Collect the printed output: Once the printing is complete, carefully retrieve the printed drawing
from the plotter or inkjet printer. Be cautious while handling the output to prevent smudging
or damage.
G. Inspect the print quality: Check the printed output for any errors, inaccuracies, or
imperfections. If necessary, make adjustments to the settings or reprint the file.
Remember to refer to the specific instructions provided by the manufacturer of your plotter or
inkjet printer for precise guidelines on loading paper, maintenance, and troubleshooting.

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 Self-Check-3
Part II: True or False
Instructions: Say true or false.
1. When saving drawing files, it is important to choose the correct file format to ensure
compatibility with the software or applications used for drawing.
2. To save an AutoCAD file as a PDF, you can go to the "File" menu, select "Save As", and
choose .pdf as the file format.
3. Plotter machines are commonly used to print drawing files in large format or on specialized
materials.
4. When printing a drawing file using a plotter or inkjet printer, it is important to monitor the
printing process to ensure everything is functioning correctly.
5. When shutting down AutoCAD programs and computers, it is important to save your work
before closing the application.

Part II: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Select the correct answer for the give choice.
1. When saving drawing files, it is important to choose the correct file format to ensure
compatibility with the software or applications used for drawing. Which of the following file
formats is commonly used for saving drawings?
a. PDF c. MP3
b. TXT d. EXE
2. Which of the following is the correct step-by-step process for saving an AutoCAD file as a
PDF?
a. Go to the "File" menu, select "Save As", choose the destination folder, specify the file
name, and select .pdf as the file format.
b. Go to the "File" menu, select "Plot", choose the desired plotter/printer, adjust plot settings,
and click on the "Plot" button.
c. Go to the "File" menu, select "Print", choose the desired printer, adjust print settings, and
click on the "Print" button.
d. Go to the "File" menu, select "Export", choose the destination folder, specify the file name,
and select .pdf as the file format. Answer:

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 3. Which of the following file formats is commonly used for saving AutoCAD drawings?
a. PDF
b. DOCX
c. JPEG
d. DWG

Part III: Blank Space

Instructions: Fill in the blank space.
1. When saving drawing files, it is important to choose the correct ____________________
format to ensure compatibility with the software or applications used for drawing.
2. To save an AutoCAD file as a PDF, you can go to the "File" menu, select
"____________________ ", and choose.
3. Plotter machines are commonly used to print drawing files in ____________________ format
or on specialized materials.
4. When printing a drawing file using a plotter or inkjet printer, it is important to
____________________ the printing process to ensure everything is functioning correctly.
5. When shutting down AutoCAD programs and computers, it is important to save your work
before ____________________ the application.

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 Operation Sheet 3.1
Operation title:
 Saving auto CAD file as drawing (DWG)
Purpose:
 To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required to save auto CAD file as
drawing (DWG)
Instruction:
 Use given tools and equipment to save auto CAD file as drawing (DWG). For this operation
you have given 1 hour.
Tools and requirement:
 Computer with accessories and installed with AutoCAD software
Procedures:
Step by step procedure saving auto CAD file as drawing (DWG):
 Step 1. Open the AutoCAD drawing that you want to save as a DWG file.
 Step 2. Go to the "File" menu and select "Save As" or use the keyboard shortcut "Ctrl +
Shift + S" to open the Save As dialog box.
 Step 3. In the Save As dialog box, choose the destination folder where you want to save
the DWG file.
 Step 4. Specify the file name for your DWG file.
 Step 5. In the "Files of type" drop-down menu, select "AutoCAD Drawing (*.dwg)".
 Step 6. Click on the "Save" button to save the AutoCAD drawing as a DWG file.
Quality Criteria:
 Accuracy
 Speed

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 Operation Sheet 3.2
Operation title:
 Saving AutoCAD file as PDF
Purpose:
 To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required to save AutoCAD file as
PDF
Instruction:
 Use given tools and equipment to save AutoCAD file as PDF. For this operation you have
given 1 hour.
Tools and requirement:
 Computer with accessories and installed with AutoCAD software
Procedures:
Step by step procedure Saving AutoCAD file as PDF:
 Step 1. In AutoCAD, go to the "File" menu and select "Plot" or use the keyboard shortcut
"Ctrl + P" to open the plot dialog box.
 Step 2. In the "Plotter/Printer" section, select the "DWG to PDF.pc3" plotter or any other
PDF printer/plotter from the list.
 Step 3. Adjust the plot settings if necessary, such as paper size, orientation, scale, and plot
area.
 Step 4. Under the "Plot Settings" section, ensure that the "Plot Area" is set to "Layout" to
plot the entire drawing or select "Window" or "Viewport" for specific areas.
 Step 5. Choose the desired plot style table, if applicable, and any other plotting
preferences.
 Step 6. Under the "Plot Options" section, select the desired resolution, quality, and other
settings.
 Step 7. Click on the "Plot" button to initiate the plotting process.
 Step 8. In the "Save As" dialog box, specify the file name, destination folder, and select
.pdf as the file format.
 Step 9. Click on the "Save" button to save the AutoCAD drawing as a PDF file
Quality Criteria: Accuracy and Speed

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 Operation Sheet 3.3
Operation title:
 Saving AutoCAD file as JPEG
Purpose:
 To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required to save AutoCAD file as
JPEG
Instruction:
 Use given tools and equipment to save AutoCAD file as JPEG. For this operation you have
given 1 hour.
Tools and requirement:
 Computer with accessories and installed with AutoCAD software
Procedures:
Step by step procedure Saving AutoCAD file as JPEG:
 Step 1. Open the AutoCAD drawing that you want to save as a JPEG file.
 Step 2. Go to the "Plot" dialog box by selecting "Plot" from the "File" menu or by using
the keyboard shortcut "Ctrl + P".
 Step 3. In the "Plotter/Printer" section, select the desired printer or plotter that supports
JPEG as an output format.
 Step 4. Adjust the plot settings such as paper size, orientation, scale, and plot area as
needed.
 Step 5. Under the "Plot Options" section, select the desired resolution, quality, and other
settings for the JPEG image and click on the "Plot" button to start the plotting process.
 Step 7. In the "Save As" dialog box, choose the folder where you want to save the JPEG
image and specify the file name for your JPEG image.
 Step 9. In the "Files of type" drop-down menu, select "JPEG File Interchange Format
(*.jpg, *.jpeg)".
 Step 10. Click on the "Save" button to save the AutoCAD drawing as a JPEG file.
Quality Criteria:
 Accuracy
 Speed

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 LAP Test 3
Practical Demonstration
Name: __________________________ Date: _______________________
Time started: ____________________ Time finished: _______________

Instruction
 Use given tools and equipment to accomplish the following tasks.
 For each task operation you have given 2 Hour.

Task 1. Saving auto CAD file as DWG

Task 2. Save AutoCAD file as PDF
Task 3. Saving auto CAD file as JPEG

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 REFERENCE
Books and Literatures:
"AutoCAD 2020 Language Packs | AutoCAD | Autodesk Knowledge Network".
Knowledge.autodesk.com. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
"Autodesk, Inc". Funding Universe. Lendio. 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
Abbott, D. H., Abbott, D. (2007). AutoCAD: Secrets Every User Should Know. Germany: Wiley.
Autocad 2007: For Engineers & Designers. (2006). India: Dreamtech Press.
AutoCAD 2024: Essentials (Fundamentals - Part 1) (Mixed Units). (2023). (n.p.): ASCENT CTR
FOR TECHNICAL KNOWL.
Björk, Bo-Christer; Laakso, Mikael (2010-07-01). "CAD standardization in the construction
industry — a process view". Automation in Construction. Building information modeling and
interoperability. 19 (4): 398–406. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2009.11.010. ISSN 0926-5805.
Byrnes, D., Ambrosius, L. (2006). AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT All-in-One Desk Reference for
Dummies. United Kingdom: Wiley.
Finkelstein, E. (2011). AutoCAD 2009 and AutoCAD LT 2009 Bible. Germany: Wiley.
McFarlane, B. (2006). Beginning AutoCAD 2007. United States: CRC Press.
Omura, G. (2008). Mastering AutoCAD 2007 and AutoCAD LT 2007. United Kingdom: Wiley.
Pohit, G. (2004). Machine Drawing with AutoCAD. India: Dorling Kindersley (India).
Thomson, Iain. "Autodesk Shifts Design Apps to the Cloud". The A Register. Retrieved 30
Yarwood, A. (2006). Introduction to AutoCAD 2007. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
Yarwood, A. (2010). Introduction to AutoCAD 2011. Netherlands: Newnes.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL):

Autodesk AutoCAD 2024 | Get Prices & Subscribe To AutoCAD Software
Chapter 1. Introduction of AutoCAD – Tutorials of Visual Graphic Communication Programs for
Interior Design (pressbooks.pub)
Autodesk AutoCAD software | Cadac Group
What is AutoCAD and what is it for, software for architecture & engineering (stacbond.com)
Uses Of AutoCAD And What Is AutoCAD Used For? (internshala.com)

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Ministry of Labor and Skills Produce Basic Engineering Drawings October, 2023
DEVELOPER(S) PROFILE

Trainer Address
Educational
Name of
No. Sex Background In Level
Trainer
And Profession Region College Phone E-Mail Address

Federal Technical
Bekalu M.Sc. in Structural Addis
1 M and Vocational 921988863 fikruyibeltal@gmail.com
Yibeltal Engineering Ababa
Training Institute
Woliso
Desalegn B.Sc. in Construction
2 M Oromia Polytechnic 926771683 dasalegnalemu&gmail.com
Alemu Management
College
Muluken M.Sc. in Construction Batu Polytechnic
3 M Oromia 912289146 mulecot99@gmail.com
Solomon Management College
B.Sc. in Building Woliso
Solomon
4 M Construction Oromia Polytechnic 921207462 samuelsolomon071@gmail.com
Urga
Technology College
M.Sc. in Construction Butajira
Tesfaye Central
5 M Technology & Polytechnic 913442444 tesfayeassegidew@gmail.com
Assegidew Ethiopia
Management College
Hawassa
Tibebnesh M.Sc. in Construction
6 F Sidama Polytechnic 916116049 tibebineshg1@gmail.com
Gebremichael Management
College
General Wingate
Zekarias B.Sc. in Civil Addis
7 M Polytechnic 912421317 zekarias1502@gmail.com
Gebre Engineering Ababa
College

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Ministry of Labor and Skills Produce Basic Engineering Drawings October, 2023