Contemporary Philippine possible and idealizes it:

beautiful and pastoral

thought of as “ugly” and
unpleasant
Arts from the Region
2ND SEMESTER – 3RD QUARTER
Lecture\ Prof MS.
Transes lesson by: A3.ash

Lesson #1
WHAT IS CONTEMPORARY ARTS?

ARTS:
The expression or application of human creative skill and “The Palay Maiden, 1920” “Mora Girl, 1950” Victori
imagination, typically is a visual form such as painting or sculpture, Fernando Amorsolo Edades
producing works to be appreciated primarily for the beauty or
emotion power.
- creates illusions of - Modern artists do not aim
Art as a form of: depthless, nearness and to copy and idealize reality.
farness - They change colors and
-familiar and comfortable flatten the picture instead of
 Self-expression (paintings, music, poetry, fashion, etc.)
creating illusions of depth.
 Therapy
 Aesthetic
 Inspiration NEOCLASSIC ART:
 Motivation
 Awareness Is “academic” as it was and continues to be taught in
school (UP Fine Arts) where Fernando Amorsolo and Guillermo
Tolentino are influential.
WHAT is CONTEMPORARY ART? It is Similar with
Modern ART? Comparison and Contrast of Contemporary Art and
Modern Art
MODERN : “ Being up to date and technological advanced”. Social Realist / Neo-Realist Descriptions of Neo-Realist
Man and Carabao
* Art that is current and new is also referred to modern as opposed (H.Ocampo) Social realist of the 70’s)
to “traditional” or “conservative.” - considered heirs of Neo -
Realist
CONTEMPORARY MODERN
Contemporary Art is
1960 – still emerging 1880-1960
Influenced by Social Realism
Produced by artists “Traditional”
living today
The Contrast: HR
Morning Dance (Cesar
Man in Strairs: Xyca Bacani OCAMPO 19602
Legaspi)
2000s

Historical and Stylistic Context Imelda Cajipe-Edaya

Artist in Modern Style: - Filipina DH
- Social realist But the style and medium of installation
Victorio Edades is markedly different
- Father of Philippine Modern Art
- Initiating the Modern Art,
Movement that challenged the Neoclassic Style, which
was the dominant that time

NEOCLASSIC ARTS MODERN ART

Depicts reality as closely as Depict what might be
 1. Mayvanuanua (Batanes) - ritual that opens the fishing
season of dibang (flyfish)

2. Cañao or Kanyaw - officiated by shaman or

(Cordiliera Administrative mumbaki
Region) - involves animal sacrificial -
- Where they read through
entrails are read through the
process of divination.
- also performed for healing
childbirth, coming of age
CHARACTERISTIC OF CONTEMPORARY ART during wakes, wedding, and
Site -Specific - they cannot be experience burial ceremonies.
in a same way, if its is
removed from original place
of exhibit 3. Kashawing (Lake lanao - Ritual to ensure abundance
- such as: gallery, forest, pf mindanao) during rice planting and
street, or internet harvesting

Process based - Integrate various of 4. Tagbanwa (Palawan) - Shaman go into trance

medium and art forms amidst ritual chanting and
dancing and are believing to
Collaborative and - Art is never complete be taken over the goddesses
Interactive without the audience’s active themselves.
input

Ethical Musical Instruments

1. Kudyapi - a three stringed guitar
CONTEMPORARY IS:

- Contemporary Art is distinguishable from Modern Art in

historical, stylistic and cultural terms.
- Contemporary Art is never fixed, but open to many possibilities.
- To study and appreciate the contemporary is to experience and
understand art as a window to the Philippine contemporary life.
2. Kulintang - an array of bossed gongs

Lesson #2
HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ARTS:
PRE-CLONIAL AND ISLAM 3. Gansa - flat gong

I. Pre- conquest: Art Historically terms

Stylistic term: "indigenous"
Cultural term: "pre-colonial"
Art Before - the everyday expression and all integrated within the 4. Agong - a large bossed gong ^^^^
ritual

ART BEFORE COLONIZATION Native Dance forms

Earliest form of theater 1. Pangalay (Sulu) - mimetic dance of seabirds
 2. Kinabua of Mandaya - performs swooping Sarimanok - stylized design of a bird
movements imitating the holding a fish in its beak
movements of eagle and/or standing on a base in
the shape of a fish.

3. Banog-banog of the - courtship dance that

Higaonon and B'laan portrays the flight of the
birds

4. Man manok (Bago Tribe) - dance that dramatizes three

roosters who compete
against one another to be
able to get the attention of a
hen, Lady Lien.

5. Talip (Ifugaos) - courtship dance mimetic of

the movements of wild fowls

6. Inamong of Matigsalugs - represent the comedic

and Kadaliwas (T’boli) movements of monkey

7. Tinikling (Tagalog) - evocative of the movements

of the crane balancing itself
on stilt-like legs or flitting
away from the clutches of
bamboo traps

Carving
1. Bulul (Cordillera) - granary god that plays
important role in rituals

-anthropomorphic bulul
appears in containers bowls
and spoons

2. Hagabi (Ifugao) -wooden bench that marks

the socio-economic status of
the owner

Christianized communities in Paete Laguna and Betis Pampanga

- known for carving santos.
- In the Southern Philippines curvilinear decorations
called the okir are employed in woodcarving
Naga the form of an elaborate panels called langkit woven
mythical serpent or dragon by the Maranao of Lanao Del
with a vigorous S-curve and Sur
numerous curvilinear motifs
to suggest its scales. Weaving

Pako rabong a stylized growing fern with 1. Tepo Mat - a colorful double layered
a broad base gracefully mat of Sama of Tawi-Tawi
tapering upwards. made of pandan leaves.

This are found in the PANOLONG – the extended floor beam,

and interior beams and post of large sultan house called
Torogon
2. Ovaloid Baskets -made of nito and bamboo
are used as a head sling to
carry harvest

3. Bubo - fish traps made of sturdy

bamboo strips in the Ilocos
region.

OTHES
Manunggul Jar Excavated in Manunggul
Cave Lipunan Point Palawan 1. Tattoos - Visayas “Islas de los
-- is dated to the late Pintados”
Neolithic Period (890-710).It -shared by Southeast Asia
has two anthromorphic or and New Zealand other
human forms atop the lid. ethnolinguistic groups that
practices tattooing are
Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy
and Ifugao

2. Jewelry -the T'boli in particular are

In later years pottery would become more and more known for wearing brass
associated with objects for daily use, such as: chains bells and colorful
palayok (clay pot) for cooking, and beads
the banga and tapayan (clay pot) for storing liquids. - Boaya’ a head hunting
necklace: shell, boar tusk,
In Vigan Ilocos the making of burnay pottery continues as a rattan, fiberrand bone
lively tradition.
-Bawisak -earrings: (Ifugao
According to Respicio: “textile weaving has a long history,
tribe) representing either
Philippine ethnolinguistic groups have a rich textile
butterflies or male generative
weaving tradition”
anatomy
Textiles
- not only functional they also impart knowledge 1. Lotoans -betel nut boxes of various
about people's belief systems: shapes
- the reverence for spirits and nature criteria for
beautiful and the society's sociopolitical
structure 2. Functional Containers -textured design of
rhombuses, spirals, cricles,
Woven Textile and tendrils swarm over the
exteriors
1. Pis syabit - a headpiece woven by
Tausug of Sulu 3. Brass Kendi and Gadur -used in ceremonies and are
cherished as status symbols
or as heirloom pieces

2. Malong -it has exquisite tapestry

 Luhul or Canopy that takes
II. Islamic Colonial (13th Century to the inspiration from the tree of
life
Present)
 Islam was already well entrenched in Southern Philippine
where it continues to be culturally dominant.
 Gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as 13th 1 Burraq, a horse with the head of a woman, is also an
century. 0 important figure
 Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia married Princess Piramisuli,
daughter of Rajah Baguinda.
o Abubakar succeeded the throne and established the
Sultanate of Sulu
Lesson #3
Book: Quran
Muslim School: Madrasa HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ARTS:
P;ace in the Philippine with Muslims
SPANISH PERIOD
 Tausug
 Maranao
 Maguindanao
 Yakan III. Spanish Colonial (1521-1898)
 Samal
 Badjao - Style and Culture Religious Art, Lowland Christian Art
 Some areas in Palawan or Folk art

HOW ART IS INFLUENCED BY ISLAM LOWLAND CHRISTIAN ART

Notion of Tawhid or Unity with God emphasizes the Architecture 1. Plaza Complex
impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible greatness The complex was designed as the
of the divine Being. town center and consisted of the
municipio or local government office
1. Interior of mosques are covered with elaborate and church
patterning in the form of reliefs.
2. Cruciform Churches
2. Abstract forms and patterns Following the
shape of the Latin
3. Parts of the Mosque like the mihrab or niche and the cross churches
Qibla wall are oriented toward the west were built

4. Bulbous Dome expresses all levels of comic existence 3. Baroque Style

Octagonal base symbolizes the spirit while the four Characterized by grandeur, drama,
sided main base refers to the earth or material world elaborate details that purposely
appealed to the emotions
5. The courtyard or Ka'bah a black shrine believed to be
built by Prophet Muhammad himself Seen in San Agustin
Church in Manila,
Morong Church in
6. The area of water supply serves as the function of Rizal, Paoay Church
ablution or cleansing in Ilocos Norte and
Sto. Tomas de
Villanueva Church in
Miag-ao Ilo-Ilo
7. The gardens within the Mosque compound or even
outside homes
3. Colonial Baroque or Philippine
or Tropical Baroque
8. Islamic forms are incline to project, grow or have an
upward orientation Fusion of both native and European
elements
9. PANOLONG carved protusion akin to a wing attach to
the torogan Architecture:
To suit the native's sensibilities local intervention
was made. The facade of Miao-Yao Church features St.
Christopher surrounded by reliefs or relieves having tropical
motifs life palm fronds and papaya trees
 The use of adobe, limestone or brick and the passion chanted in improvised
construction of thick buttresses or wing-like projections melody
reinforce the church structure to make it more resistant to
Earthquakes 4. Awit and Corrido
Musical forms were chanted stories
Sculpting Engraving 1. Santos based on European Literature and
From Western model to history
Chinese features and techniques
with Greek and Roman classical 5. Balitao
influence Sentimental love songs

Greek and Roman classical 5. Kundiman

influence is seen in the proportion usually spoke of resignation and
and formality of expression of a fatalism became a vehicle for
santo and baroque style in the resistance
expressive and emotional
characteristics of the santo. Kundiman ni Abdon, a kundiman
which became a feature of protests
actions against Martial Law and
2. Retablo Bayan Ko
Integrates architecture and Literature Among Mangyans of Mindoro bamboo
sculpture and is often embellished poles are turn into smaller nodes and are
with rosettes, scrolls, pediments and etched with Baybayin used to compose
solomonic columns which may be short poems of courtship and emotional
concerns
gilded or polychromed
In Ticao Leyte a huge stone was
*church altar discovered that contained baybayin
writing believed to be an invocation for
1. Via Crucis a safe journey by sea.
series of 14 paintings or Cathecism and Prayer books
relief structures depicting Christ's
crucifixion resurrection
Theater Religious Processions
2. Trompe l'oeil - Earliest form of theater were
a French word meaning replace by pomp and pageantry of
“fooling the eye” it refers to religious procession
painting that give a heightened - Embellished carrozas contain
illusion of three- dimensionality religious tableaus Catholic saints
and scenes from the Bible
*ceiling curving with designes Zarzuela or Sarsuwela
3. Relleves - A popular form of musical
Carved figurative protusions theater from Spain imported
during the 19th century
*the carved picture of 13 plases - an opera which feautes
singing and dancing
4. Plateria interspersed with prose
organic designs of hammered silver dialogue which allowed the
story to be carried out in song

Music 1. Western Musical Instruments Severino Reyes and Hermogenes

Pipe organ violin guitar piano Ilagan : most distinguished
playwrights of their day and
Honorato “Atang” dela Rama
2. Catholic Liturgical Music (1742)
by the then Archbishop of Manila
Juan Rodriguez Angel Senakulo 1704
- by Gaspar Aquino de Belen
The Santo Domingo and San Agustin its narrative was culled
convents taught choral music to entirely from the Biblical
young boys including Filipino account of Christ's passion
composers like Marcelo Ardonay and death on the cross
(1848-1928) adapted into verse form and
translated into local
language.
3. Pasyon or Pabasa
Biblical narration of Christ's
Komedya
 Depicts the conflict between the 3. Urna
Muslims and Christians. a humble domestic version of retablo
1. Komedya de Santo or Religious often attributed to the artists of
Komedya Visayan region
2. Secular Komedya
-Moro-moro
The rise of new elite 1. Bahay na bato
in art 2. Paintings
Folk Music and Dance
 cariñosa 1. Miniaturist Style
 pandango Paintings meticulous details that signify the
 polka wealth and refinement of the sitter
 dansa
 riodon ^ Portrait of the Quiazon Family
1800
Secular Art documents the family's affluence:
the magnificent interior of the
family's house, the mother's jewelry
the delicate fabric and embroidery
of their clothing and their dignified
poses

^ Other known painters of the same

style are Antonio Malantic, Isidro
1.Carta Hydrographica y Arceo, Dionisio De Castro, and
Chorographica de las Yslas Justiniano Asuncion
Filipinas
2. Letras y Figuras
The first scientific map of the combining names of individuals and
Philippines vignettes of everyday life

by: Jose
Honorato
Lozano

2.Flora de Filipinas 3. Academic Paintings

championed European academic
an extensive compilation of styles
Philippine plants by Augustinian
botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco 1821 Damian Domingo established
the first art school right at his studio
in Binondo Manila
Visual Art 1. Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850) SCHOOL NM– Academia de Dibujo,
a mural by Jose Dans in Paete
Church Laguna : absorbed by Real Sociedad
2. Two versions of San Cristobal Economica Filipina de Amigos del
3. Basi Revolt Esteban Villanueva Pais where he serve as director

The opening of Manila to international trade and the Suez ^ Features chiaroscuro or the play
Canal in1869 gained economic benefits for the native elites of light and the dark and the contrast
between them to heighten the
Religious art 1. Music compositon's sense of drama
persisted like: development inside the church
through Marcelo Adonay and his Felix Hidalgo won silver Virgenes
compositions based on the Western Christianas Expuestas Al
tradition. Populacho
- currently on long-term loan
2. Viriña to National Art Gallery in
a bell shaped glass where santos are Singapore is a part of the
placed Metropolitan Museum of
Manila or MET Collection
 - one act play came to represent a deep
and profound yearning from freedom

SUCH AS:

● Tanikalang Guinto or Golden Chain

○ Juan Abad
● Hindi Ako Patay(1902)
Juan Luna won gold for ○ Juan Matapang Cruz
Spoliarium ● Kahapon Ngayon at Bukas(1903)
- Spoliarium may be viewed at ○ Aurelio Tolentino
the National Art Gallery of
the Philippines 2. A Modern Filipina(1915)
- first English play written in Liastillejo
and Jesus Araullo

3. Vaudeville
- mostly collection of slapstick, songs,
dances, acrobatics, comedy skits, chorus
girls, magic acts, and stand-up comic acts

España y
Filipinas is at the Architecture 1. New Urban Design
Lopez Museum Employed Neoclassic architecture for
government edifices and integrated parks
and lawns to make the city attractive by
making its buildings impressive and places
more inviting for leisure amid urban light

Legislative
3. Genre Paintings Building
Painting of scenes from everyday
life, of ordinary people in work or
recreation, depicted in a generally
realistic manner.

Simon Flores'
Primeras National
Letras 1890 Art
Gallery

Post
Office

Lesson #4 Architects:
HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ARTS: Tomas Mapua,
AERICAN PERIOD Juan Arellano,
Andres Luna de San Pe dro,
IV. American Colonial to the Postwar and Antonio Toledo

Republic
Sedition law which banned the writing, printing and publication PAINTINGS
of materials advocating Philippine Independence
1. Landscape Fabian dela Rosa
: became Known for his naturalist painting
cherished characterized by restraint and formality in
INFLUENCED travel souvenirs brushwork, choice of somber colors, and
Literature 1. Drama Simbolico subject matter.
 variety of mediums from hardwood to
precious alabaster

Planting Rice 1921

V. Japanese occupation (1941 -1945)
Modern Art project slow downed in pace

INFLUENCED
1. KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng Bagong
Pilipinas) sponsored art competitions
Ed Kundiman 1930 2. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere is a
propaganda movement that sought to create a Pan-Asia
identity that rejected Western traditions.
Fernando Amorsolo
1972 National Artist known for his 3. Slogans like “Asia for Asia” made its way to the public
romantic paintings that captured the
through posters, ephemera, comics, and Japanese sponsored
warm glow of the Philippine sunlight
publications such as Shin-Seki, Liwayway and Tribune

AMORSOLO PAINTINGS
Ginebra Logo - Harvest Scene 1942 and Rice Planting 1942 continued to
Design flourish because his arts showed little or no indication of
war's atrocities which is continued to be favored.

Amorsolo School:
Irineo Miranda, Toribio Herrera, Cesar
Buenaventura and Dominador Castaneda
Evocative of Semblance of peace, idealized work in the
Victorio Edades countryside and promoted values of docile industriousness.
National Artist Victorio Edades influenced
by United States' modern art movement. Sa Kabukiran
-Is Sylvia La Torre's hit song written in tagalog in the
1940'by the acclaimed composer Levi Celerion National
Artist for Music and Literature awarded 1997

His Excellency, Jorge B. Vargas, Chairman of the

The Builders Philippine Executive Commission 1943

Guillermo Tolentino
National Artist (1973) Guillermo “Independence this Year” said His Excellency,
Tolentino is sculptor Premier Tojo 1943
studied Fine Arts in Rom and was
influenced by classical tradition

PAINTINGS
1. Genre Paintings
Org: 1935 1958 2. Showed indigenous and pre-colonial traditions
3. Portraits of ethnolinguistic groups
(Crispin Lopez's Study of An Aeta 1943)
4. Scenes of war that remained neutral focusing on the
Bonifacio Monument
aesthetic qualities of ruin and disaster (Amorsolo's Bombing
of the Intendencies 1942 and Ruins of the Manila Cathedral
Napoleon Adueva
1945)
National Artist Napoleon Abueva is a
After 1945 works which depicted the horrors of war such as
modern artist who has worked with a
 Diosdado Lorenzo's Atrocities in Paco and Dominador recognition to Filipino artists for their significant
Castaneda's Doomed family were painted contributions in the arts and letters.
• The award is conferred every three years.

NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD

VI. 70’s Contemporary • Established in 1972
First recipient was Fernando Amorsolo
Many cultural projects ensued during the helm of the Marcoses  66 awardees were included from several disciplinal
areas. (Architecture, Design and allied arts, Film,
Visual arts, Literature, Dance, Music, and Theater)
UNDER MARIAL MARCOS Guillermo Tolentino Oblation, 1935 (awarded 1972)
Envision a new society or “Bagong Lipunan”
1. Rebirth of a long-lost civilization
2. Aspiration to modernization and development

CCP Shrine for Arts

- Cultural Center of the Philippines is the
premier bureaucratic entity through which art
acquisition, exhibition making, workshops,
grants and awards were implemented.`
Benedicto Cabrera Variations of Sabel, 2015

CCP Complex
- Folk Arts Theater (1974 Miss Universe
Pageant) Napoleon Abueva Spirit of business, 1979
- Philippine International Convention Center
(1976 IMF-World Bank Conference)
- Tahanang Filipino or Coconut Palace (Papal
Visit)
- Manila Film Center (Manila International Film
Festival)

Reviving Filipino Tradition Nick Joaquin A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino, 1950
- National Arts Center in Mt. Makiling (awarded 1976)
- Coconut Palace A
• Story revolves around a
National Arts Center painting of the same
- in Mt. Makiling was designed by ; title dedicated by a
- Architect Leandro Locsin is appropriated the crippled artist to his
style of vernacular houses like the Ifugao fale unmarried daughters,
Candida and Paula.

Coconut Palace
- was designed by; Architect Francisco Manosca SUPPORT SYSTEMS, INSTITUTIONS, AND
utilized indigenous building materials and INITIATIVES ACROSS THE REGIONS
fashioned the roof to look like a salakot Institutions
- Educational institutions such as school and
universities offer artist training and grant
degrees and disseminate knowledge in art.
- Philippine High School for the Arts (PHSA) in
LB, Laguna (visual arts, creative writing,
Lesson #5 theatre arts, dance, and music)
NATIONAL ARTIST OF THE PHILIPPINES -
Collective and artists organizations
- Composed of individuals who share similar or
National Artists of the Philippines related practices.
• National Artist Award (NAA) – the highest form of The Anino Shadowplay Collective, formed in 1996, is a
group of multimedia artists committed to popularizing the
 art of shadow play.

Anino Shadowplay
Collective presenting the
Legend of Tungkung
Langit and Alusina
(Alamat ni Tungkung
Langit at Alusina)

The Sipat Lawin Ensemble is a site-specific experimental

theatre company from the Philippines. Formed in 2008,
the collective produces work in theatres, cafes, galleries,
abandoned schools, stadiums and carparks around Manila.

Non-government and academic sectors;

• The Tanghalang Ateneo

– both Filipino plays and adaptation of
classic
• Teatro Tomasino
– original plays written by students
• Dulaang UP
– Both English and Filipino, original plays
written by Filipinos, and even traditional
sarswelas.

Dance
- Kalilayan Folkloric dance group
- University of San Carlos Dance Troupe
- Hiyas ng Maynilad Dance Troupe
- UP Filipina Dance Group
- Lyceum of Batangas Folk Dance Company

Visual Arts
• Museums are traditionally based on a collection of
objects.
• Tasked to preserve heritage for the enjoyment and
education of present and future generations.
• Contemporary art exhibitions need not be confined
within the “white cube” environment of galleries
and museums.