AN INTERNSHIP REPORT ON

SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

An Internship Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the System
administration

By

Esther TR

Roll: Intern

Supervised by: Sivaprakash

System Administrator

Department Of Information Technology

Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College

Hospital, Karakonam
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this Internship work entitled an “Internship report on
system administration” has been supervised by Mr. Sivaprakash, System
Administrator at Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College Hospital,
Karakonam.

Signature and Date

 INTRODUCTION
System administration plays a critical role in ensuring the smooth operation of IT systems in
a hospital environment. With the increasing reliance on technology for patient care, data
management, and operational efficiency, the role of a system administrator has become
indispensable in modern healthcare institutions.This internship report documents my learning
experience and contributions during my tenure as a system administration intern at Dr.
Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College Hospital, Karakonam]. The internship aimed
to provide hands-on exposure to the management and maintenance of the hospital’s IT
infrastructure, which serves as the backbone for critical operations such as patient record
management, clinical workflows, and medical equipment integration.By participating in this
internship, I gained valuable insights into how IT systems are integrated into the healthcare
sector to improve service delivery and patient outcomes. This report highlights the projects I
undertook, the challenges encountered, and the skills developed during the internship.The
experience not only strengthened my technical expertise but also enhanced my understanding
of how system administration contributes to the overall mission of a hospital—delivering
high-quality healthcare in a safe and efficient manner.
 ABSTRACT
This report provides an overview of my internship experience as a system administration
intern in a hospital. The internship focused on managing and maintaining the hospital’s IT
systems, which are crucial for patient care, data management, and daily operations. Key
responsibilities included troubleshooting IT issues, securing networks, managing electronic
health records (EHR), and ensuring the smooth functioning of hardware and software
systems. During the internship, I gained hands-on experience in solving real-world problems
and learned how IT systems are used to support healthcare services. This experience helped
me understand the importance of system administration in improving the efficiency, security,
and reliability of hospital operations. The report summarizes the tasks I performed, the
challenges I faced, and the skills I developed, highlighting the critical role of IT in modern
healthcare.
 HARDWARE
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer or any electronic device. These are
tangible parts that you can touch and interact with, as opposed to software, which consists of
instructions and programs that run on the hardware

Structure of Hardware in a Hospital IT System

The hardware infrastructure in a hospital IT system is designed to support various clinical,

administrative, and operational activities. Below is a structured breakdown of the hardware
components typically used in a hospital.

1. Servers

Servers are the backbone of hospital IT infrastructure, enabling the efficient storage,
management, and access to critical data and applications. In a hospital setting, servers handle
a wide range of tasks, from managing patient records to supporting medical devices and
hospital operations. Below is an in-depth look at the role and types of servers in hospitals.

Types of Servers Used in Hospitals

 Electronic Health Record (EHR) Servers : Manage patient records, appointments, and
treatment plans. Examples: Systems like Epic, Cerner, or Meditech run on these servers.

 Database Servers :Store structured data such as patient demographics, billing information,
and inventory details. Database Systems: MySQL, PostgreSQL, or Microsoft SQL Server.

 Application Servers : Host hospital management systems, laboratory information systems

(LIS), and radiology information systems (RIS). Facilitate operations like scheduling, billing,
and test result reporting.

 PACS Servers (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) :Store and manage
medical imaging files such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.Connected with imaging devices
and accessible to radiologists and doctors.

 Web Servers : Host hospital websites, patient portals, and telemedicine platforms.
Examples: Apache, Nginx, or Microsoft IIS.

 File Servers : Enable hospital staff to share and access files securely across departments.
It Stores non-medical files like administrative documents and training materials.

 Backup Servers: Maintain copies of critical hospital data to ensure disaster recovery in
case of system failure or cyberattacks. Tool for Backup solutions like Veeam, Acronis, or
Symantec Backup Exec.

 Communication Servers: Support communication tools like VOIP phones, email systems,
and messaging platforms for hospital staff.
 Cloud Servers : Host hospital applications and data on remote servers to improve
scalability and accessibility.Examples: AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud.

2. Network Devices

Network devices are critical components of hospital IT infrastructure, enabling connectivity,

communication, and data sharing among various systems and devices. In a hospital setting,
these devices ensure that all departments, medical equipment, and staff remain connected to
support patient care and administrative functions. Below is an overview of the key network
devices commonly used in hospitals.

1. Routers

Direct data packets between hospital networks and external networks, such as the internet or
remote healthcare facilities. It connects the hospital to the internet for telemedicine, cloud
services, and external communications. Manages traffic between internal departments and
ensures efficient data flow. Example: Securely transmitting patient records to specialists in
another location.

2. Switches

Connect multiple devices within the hospital's local area network (LAN). Ensures
communication between computers, servers, and medical devices within the hospital.
Supports high-speed data transfer for critical applications like imaging systems

Types of Switches.

 Unmanaged Switches: Simple plug-and-play devices for smaller networks.

 Managed Switches: Allow configuration and monitoring for larger, more complex
networks.

3. Firewalls

Protect the hospital network from unauthorized access and cyber threats. Monitors incoming
and outgoing traffic based on predefined security rules. Blocks malicious traffic, such as
transomware and phishing attacks.

4. Wireless Access Points (WAPs)

Provide wireless connectivity across the hospital. Enable staff to use mobile devices, tablets,
and laptops anywhere within the hospital. It Supports secure access for doctors accessing
patient data on the go. Provide separate guest networks for patients and visitors.

5. Network Cables

Connect network devices and enable data transmission.

Types of network cables are;
a. Ethernet cables
 b. Fiber optic cables for high-speed and long-distance connections, often used between
hospital buildings or data centers.

6. Modems

Connect the hospital's network to the internet via an Internet Service Provider (ISP). Convert
digital data from the hospital’s network into a format suitable for transmission over external
communication lines.

7. Load Balancers

Distribute network traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability and performance.
Prevents overload on a single server by evenly distributing user requests. Ensures high
availability of critical applications like EHR systems and telemedicine platforms.

8. Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Provide centralized storage for shared data across the hospital network. Allows staff to access
patient records and files from any authorized device.It Stores backups and archives of critical
data for disaster recovery

9. Virtual Private Network (VPN) Gateways

Securely connect remote users to the hospital network. Encrypts data transmitted between
remote devices and the hospital’s network. Enables remote consultations, telemedicine, and
secure access to hospital systems.

10. Controllers

Manage and optimize wireless networks in large hospitals.Monitor and control multiple
wireless access points from a central location.Ensure seamless connectivity as staff move
between different areas.

3. Workstations and Terminals

Used by hospital staff to access applications, manage records, and perform administrative
tasks.

Examples:

 Desktop computers at nursing stations, reception, and administrative offices.

 Laptops or tablets for doctors to access patient information on the go.

4. Medical Equipment with IT Integration

In modern hospitals, medical equipment integrated with IT systems plays a vital role in
enhancing patient care, improving accuracy, and streamlining operations. IT integration
allows medical devices to communicate with hospital networks, electronic health record
(EHR) systems, and other devices, ensuring seamless data sharing and real-time monitoring.
a. Patient Monitoring Systems

 Functionality: Monitor vital signs like heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and
temperature in real-time.

 IT Integration:

o Transmit data directly to the nursing station or EHR system.

o Alert staff automatically in case of abnormal readings.

b. Imaging Systems

 Examples: MRI, CT scanners, X-ray machines, ultrasound devices.

 IT Integration:

o Connect with PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) for

storing and sharing medical images.

o Allow radiologists and doctors to access images from any location.

c. Laboratory Equipment

 Examples: Blood analyzers, urine analyzers, and microbiology testing equipment.

 IT Integration:

o Automatically send test results to laboratory information systems (LIS) and

EHRs.

o Reduce manual data entry errors.

d. Infusion Pumps

 Functionality: Deliver precise amounts of fluids, medications, or nutrients to patients.

 IT Integration:

o Communicate with hospital systems to log dosage and timing.

o Allow remote monitoring and control.

e. Ventilators

 Functionality: Assist patients with breathing.

 IT Integration:

o Provide real-time respiratory data to EHR systems.

o Alert staff in case of abnormalities in breathing patterns.

f. Dialysis Machines

 Functionality: Perform blood purification for patients with kidney failure.

 IT Integration:

o Track treatment data, such as session duration and flow rates.

o Synchronize with patient records for detailed treatment history.

g. Smart Beds

 Functionality: Monitor patient movement, weight, and position.

 IT Integration:

o Send data to nursing stations to prevent bedsores and falls.

o Track sleep patterns and recovery progress.

h. Endoscopy Systems

 Functionality: Used for internal examination of organs.

 IT Integration:

o Store video recordings and images in EHR or hospital systems.

o Allow sharing with specialists for remote diagnosis.

5. Peripheral Devices

Peripheral devices are essential in hospitals as they enhance the functionality of computers
and medical systems by enabling input, output, and communication. These devices support
daily operations such as data entry, printing, scanning, and real-time patient monitoring,
playing a vital role in both clinical and administrative workflows

1. Input Devices
Devices used to input data into the system, such as:
o Keyboard
o Mouse
o Scanner
o Microphone
2. Output Devices
Devices that display or output information from the system, such as:
o Monitor
o Printer
o Speakers

3. Input-Output Devices

These devices perform both input and output functions

 a. Multifunction Printers (MFPs): Combine printing, scanning, copying, and faxing
capabilities for administrative tasks.
b. Touchscreen Devices:Found in patient kiosks, operating rooms, or mobile carts for
quick interaction with hospital systems.
c. Medical Imaging Devices: Input: Capture diagnostic images like X-rays, MRIs, or
CT scans. Output: Display or print the images for analysis and diagnosis.

6. Storage Devices.

Hospitals generate massive amounts of data daily, including patient health records, diagnostic
images, laboratory results, and administrative information. Storing and managing this data
securely and reliably is critical for ensuring patient privacy, supporting clinical decision-
making, and complying with legal regulations (e.g., HIPAA). Below are strategies and best
practices for storing hospital data effectively.

Types of storage devices

o Network Attached Storage (NAS) for centralized file access.

o Storage Area Networks (SAN) for high-speed data access.
o External drives for local backups.

NAS is a device that connects to a hospital’s network and provides a central location for
storing files that can be accessed by multiple users at the same time. SAN is a high-
performance, specialized network used to connect storage devices (like disk arrays) to
servers. It provides fast, direct access to large amounts of data. External drives are portable
storage devices (like USB drives or external hard drives) that can be connected to a computer
for storing backups.

7. Backup and Disaster Recovery Hardware

Backup and disaster recovery hardware is essential for hospitals to ensure that critical data is
secure, protected, and quickly recoverable in the event of a failure. By using solutions like
NAS, SAN, external drives, cloud backups, and disaster recovery servers, hospitals can
minimize the impact of data loss and maintain business continuity, which is crucial for
providing uninterrupted patient care.

Components

o Backup servers and tapes for data recovery.

o Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) to maintain power during outages.

8. Communication Systems

Communication systems in hospitals are critical for the seamless exchange of information
between healthcare professionals, patients, and administrative staff. Effective communication
systems help improve patient care, streamline hospital operations, and ensure that critical
information is accessible in real-time.

1. Internal Communication Systems

 a. Hospital Information System (HIS): A comprehensive system that manages
administrative, financial, and clinical aspects of hospital operations. It
includes patient registration, scheduling, billing, and medical record
management.
b. b. Electronic Health Records (HER): A digital version of a patient's paper
chart, which stores health information such as medical history, treatment
plans, and test results.
c. Hospital Paging Systems : A communication system that allows hospital staff
to send and receive messages via pagers or text messages
2. Communication Systems for Emergency and Critical Situations
a. Emergency Notification Systems (ENS) : A system designed to alert hospital
staff in emergency situations, such as patient codes (e.g., cardiac arrest) or
natural disasters.
b. Alarm and Alert Systems : These systems are used to alert healthcare staff to
abnormal conditions, such as critical vital signs or equipment malfunctions.

These systems help improve efficiency, enhance collaboration among staff, ensure patient
safety, and provide better access to healthcare for patients.

9. Data Centers

The central hub for hosting and managing hospital IT infrastructure.

Components:

o Racks and enclosures for organizing hardware.

o Cooling systems to maintain optimal hardware temperature.
o Power distribution units for stable electricity supply.

Server and Clients

In a hospital's IT infrastructure, the relationship between servers and clients is essential for
ensuring efficient data management, communication, and accessibility across various
departments. Servers are powerful computers or systems designed to provide resources,
services, or data to other computers, known as clients, within the hospital network. These
servers store and manage crucial data such as patient records, medical histories, test results,
and treatment plans. They are designed to handle multiple requests simultaneously, ensuring
that hospital staff can access real-time information when needed.

File servers are used to store and provide access to files, such as patient documents and
administrative records, making it easier for healthcare providers to retrieve and update patient
information. Database servers handle structured data, like patient demographics and medical
histories, allowing fast and secure retrieval. Web servers host online patient portals and
hospital applications, providing external access to services like appointment scheduling or
medical record access. Mail servers facilitate internal and external communication within the
hospital by managing email traffic. Application servers host specialized software applications
used for managing patient care, diagnostics, and administrative functions

clients are the devices that healthcare providers, administrative staff, and even patients use to
interact with the servers. Clients can be workstations, mobile devices, or thin clients.
Workstations are desktop computers used by doctors, nurses, and other hospital personnel to
access medical records, scheduling systems, and other critical applications hosted on servers.
Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, allow healthcare providers to access patient
data and communicate on the go. Thin clients, which are lightweight devices with minimal
processing power, rely on the server to run applications and store data, making them more
cost-effective for environments where large-scale data processing is handled centrally.

Relationship b/w Server and Clients

How working the Network connection ?

A hospital network is a complex system that allows devices (clients) and servers to work
together, providing healthcare providers with easy access to critical data and applications.
Through a combination of wired and wireless connections, routers, and secure
communication protocols, a hospital network ensures that data is transmitted quickly,
securely, and accurately. Additionally, these networks facilitate communication between
staff, support patient care, and ensure that the hospital operates smoothly

Data Communication
Between Servers
Transmission and Clients

Backup
and Internet
Redunda access
ncy

Data Wireless
Security connectivity

Hospital Network
Hospital Network Architecture

Telephone Connections in a Hospital Network

Telephone systems are an essential part of hospital infrastructure, enabling communication

between staff, patients, and external providers. From traditional landline systems to advanced
VoIP and integrated communication platforms, telephone systems help ensure that hospital
operations run smoothly.

 Internal Communication: Staff used these phones to communicate within departments or

across different wings of the hospital. For example, doctors, nurses, and administrative staff
could call each other for quick consultations or to share patient information.

 External Communication: Patients, family members, and external providers used these
landline connections to contact the hospital for appointments, inquiries, or emergencies.

Access Control vs Access Point

Access control refers to the methods and systems used to regulate who can access specific
resources within a network, building, or system. In the context of a hospital or any
organization, access control ensures that only authorized personnel can access sensitive data,
areas, or devices. It is an essential component of security management. Key Elements of
Access Control

 Authentication: The process of verifying the identity of a user or device before granting
access (e.g., using usernames, passwords, biometrics, or security tokens).

 Authorization: Determining the level of access that the authenticated user or device is
allowed (e.g., read-only access, full administrative rights).

 Audit: Monitoring and recording user activities to ensure compliance with access policies
and detect potential

An Access Point (AP) refers to a network device that allows wireless devices to connect to a
wired network. It provides the interface through which devices (such as smartphones, laptops,
or tablets) can access the network, typically via Wi-Fi. Access points are integral to wireless
networking in hospitals, offices, and public spaces. Key Functions of an Access Point are,
 Wi-Fi Connectivity
 Network Extension.
 Signal Conversion

CCTV Cameras in Hospital

CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) cameras are widely used in hospitals for security,
surveillance, and monitoring purposes. They help ensure the safety of patients, staff, and
hospital property by providing continuous observation of critical areas. These cameras play a
significant role in preventing incidents, assisting with investigations, and maintaining a
secure environment in hospitals.

Purpose and Benefits

1. Security and Surveillance.

2. Safety for Patients and Staff
3. Monitoring Critical Areas
4. Evidence and Documentation
5. Remote Monitoring

Types of CCTV Cameras

1. Analog Cameras
2. IP (Internet Protocol) Cameras.
3. PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) Cameras

IP Address and Configuration

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique string of numbers assigned to each
device connected to a network. It serves two main purposes: identifying the device on the
network and providing its location for communication. In hospitals, IP addresses are essential
for connecting computers, medical equipment, servers, and other devices to the hospital's
network.

1.1Configuring an IP Address on a Device

Proper IP configuration is crucial to ensure devices communicate effectively and securely

across the hospital network.

Manual IP Configuration (Static IP):

 Involves setting a fixed IP address on a device to ensure it always uses the same
address.
 Typically configured for:
o Servers: Web servers, database servers, and file servers require static IPs for
reliable communication.
o Printers and Medical Equipment: Networked printers, scanners, and certain
medical devices need static IP addresses to avoid the need for frequent
reconfiguration.
Automatic IP Configuration (Dynamic IP):

 Managed by a DHCP server, which automatically assigns an IP address to devices

when they connect to the network.
 Used for devices that don’t require a fixed address.

1.2 Types of IP Addresses

a. IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): IPv4 addresses are the most common and consist
of four sets of numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by dots
b. IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): IPv6 is the newer version, designed to replace
IPv4. It has a much larger address space, using 8 groups of hexadecimal digits
separated by colons
 SOFTWARE
Grapes Innovative Solutions Established in 2000 by Mr. Jerald Nepoleon, The company
offers a comprehensive software solution for hospital requirements. Grapes flagship products
serves as a one-stop solution, addressing various automation needs in the healthcare industry.
For 22 years, Grapes has led the healthcare revolution with extensive research and
innovation. Aptly named, it offers convenience and adaptability to all users, customizable
while remaining a competent management tool. Custom IT Solutions specializes in healthcare
digitalization, delivering tailor-made technological solutions for success and growth. From
custom software applications to cloud-based solutions

Grapes Software is a comprehensive hospital management system designed to streamline

hospital operations. It offers a range of tools for effective patient management, including
features for patient registration, appointment scheduling, electronic health records (EHR),
billing, and inventory management. One of the key advantages of Grapes Software is its
seamless integration of these various functions, allowing for smooth data flow and improved
operational efficiency. It is highly customizable to meet the specific needs of each healthcare
facility, ensuring flexibility for different workflows and departmental requirements.

The software also prioritizes user experience, with an intuitive interface that makes it easy for
healthcare professionals to adopt and use efficiently. Grapes offers continuous support,
ensuring that the system stays up-to-date with the latest healthcare regulations and
practices.This commitment to ongoing support and innovation has made Grapes a trusted
solution for healthcare providers looking to enhance their operational efficiency and improve
patient care

About Grapes Software

Grapes Software is a hospital management system (HMS) designed to improve the efficiency
and organization of healthcare facilities. It provides a wide range of features to handle
various aspects of hospital operations, including patient management, billing, inventory
control, and electronic health records (EHR)

Key Features

 Patient Registration and Appointment Scheduling

 Electronic Health Records (EHR)
 Billing and Financial Management
 Inventory Management
 Customizability
 User-Friendly Interface
 Support and Updates

2.1 Product Perspective

This Hospital Patient Info Management System is a self-contained system that manages
activities of the hospital. Due to improperly managed details medical center faces quite a lot
of difficulties in accessing past data as well as managing present data. The fully functional
automated hospital management system which will be developed through this project will
eliminate the disadvantages caused by the manual system by improving the reliability,
efficiency and performance. The usage of a database to store patient, employee, stock details
etc. will accommodate easy access, retrieval, and search and manipulation of data. The access
limitations provided through access privilege levels will enhance the security of the system.
The system will facilitate concurrent access and convenient management of activities of the
medical center

2.1.1 System Interfaces

User Interfaces
▪ This section provides a detailed description of all inputs into and outputs from the
system. It also gives a description of the hardware, software and communication
interfaces and provides basic prototypes of the user interface.
▪ The protocol used shall be HTTP.
▪ The Port number used will be 80.
▪ There shall be logical address of the system in IPv4 format.

2.1.2 Hardware Interfaces

Laptop/Desktop PC-Purpose of this is to give information when Patients ask information
about doctors, medicine available lab tests etc. To perform such Action it need very
efficient computer otherwise due to that reason patients have to wait for a long time to get
what they ask for.
▪ Laser Printer (B/W) - This device is for printing patients’ info etc.
▪ Wi-Fi router - Wi-Fi router is used to for internetwork operations inside of a hospital
and simply data transmission from pc’s to sever.

2.1.3 System Specifications

Core i5 processor
2GB Ram.
20GB of hard disk space in terminal machines
1TB hard disk space in Server Machine
2.1.2 Communication Interfaces
NIC (Network Interface Card) – It is a computer hardware component that allows a
computer to connect to a network. NICs may be used for both wired and wireless
connections.
CAT 5 network cable- for high signal integrity
TCP/IP protocol- Internet service provider to access and share information over the
Internet
Ethernet Communications Interface- Ethernet is a frame-based computer network
technology for local area networks (LANs)
Fig 2.2Use Case Daigram
USE CASE DESCRIPTION

ADMIN
Admin has the full access to the system which means he is able to manage any activity with
regard to the system. He is the highest privileged user who can access to the system.
Key functions:
•Access patient record, doctor Record.
•Add new doctor entry in system database.
• Confirm Payment and Generate Bill.
• View Records.(Total no of patients treated, doctor added/remove, consultant fee)

PATIENT
Patients can choose the best preferred appointments from the options provided and can also
change the appointment schedule or cancel it. After appt. is confirmed by the respective
doctor they can pay their consultant fee online. Patients have access to only their records.
Key functions:
• Make appointment.
• Cancel appointment.
• Update Details.
• Payment.
•View Payment History.

DOCTOR
Doctors can view the patient appointment list and provide the confirmation or make changes
in the appointment list if required. Doctors have access to only records of those patients
whom they are treating.
Key functions:
• Confirmation of appointment.
• Cancellation of appointment.
• Modification of appointment list.
• Add Prescription

Adavantages and disadvantages of IT system administration in hospital

Advantages:
1. Improved Efficiency: IT systems streamline hospital operations by
automating routine tasks such as scheduling, billing, and record management
2. Centralized Data Management: Electronic Health Records (EHR) and
integrated systems allow centralized access to patient data, ensuring quick
retrieval and sharing of information among departments.
3. Enhanced Patient Care: IT systems support better diagnosis and treatment
by providing tools for monitoring patient vitals, accessing diagnostic reports,
and tracking medical histories.
 4. Remote Access: IT systems enable telemedicine and remote consultations,
ensuring healthcare access even in remote areas or during emergencies.

Disadvantages:
1. High Initial Costs
2. Cyber security Risks
3. Complexity
4. Data Privacy Concerns
5. Continuous Maintenance

Upgrading hospital IT systems

Upgrading hospital IT systems to ensure better performance, security, and efficiency involves
incorporating advanced technologies, improving workflows, and maintaining adaptability to
future needs. Below are suggestions for system upgrades;

1. Implement AI-driven cybersecurity solutions to detect and prevent threats

2. AI and Machine Learning Integration (such as AI-based diagnostic tools and
Use chatbots for administrative tasks like appointment scheduling and patient
inquiries.)
3. Implement smart asset tracking for medical equipment using IoT sensors.
4. Implement voice recognition systems for dictation and faster clinical
documentation.
5. Develop mobile-friendly portals for patients and healthcare providers for
easy access to appointments, records, and test results
6. Provide a 24/7 IT helpdesk to resolve technical issues quickly.
7. Develop a system that integrates hospital security codes (like Code Blue, Code
Red, etc.) with IT infrastructure to automate alert dissemination, track
incidents, and ensure coordinated responses.
Personal Review
From a personal perspective, IT system administration in hospitals is a crucial backbone for
ensuring smooth operations and enhancing patient care. The ability to provide better care,
faster decision-making, and improved communication between departments makes IT
administration an invaluable part of modern healthcare. In my view, hospitals should
consistently prioritize IT upgrades, staff training, and robust security measures to maximize
the effectiveness of their systems. With on going innovations like AI, and IoT the potential
for IT systems to revolutionize healthcare continues to grow, making it an exciting and
rewarding field to explore.

References

https://www.grapeshms.com/

https://chatgpt.com/

https://www.who.int/health-topics/digital-health#tab=tab_1