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Biology Notes

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31 views2 pages

Biology Notes

Uploaded by

alexhu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biology Class Notes: Cell Structure and Function

1. Introduction to Cells

- All living organisms are composed of cells.

- Two main types: Prokaryotic (no nucleus) and Eukaryotic (with nucleus).

2. Cell Theory

- All living things are made of one or more cells.

- The cell is the basic unit of life.

- All cells come from pre-existing cells.

3. Main Cell Organelles and Functions

- Nucleus: Control center; stores DNA.

- Mitochondria: Powerhouse; produces energy (ATP).

- Ribosomes: Protein synthesis.

- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

- Rough ER: Has ribosomes; processes proteins.

- Smooth ER: No ribosomes; makes lipids.

- Golgi Apparatus: Packages and distributes proteins.

- Lysosomes: Digestive enzymes; break down waste.

- Cell Membrane: Controls movement of substances in/out.

- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance; holds organelles.

4. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

- Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.

- Animal cells do not.


5. Conclusion

- Understanding cells is fundamental to understanding life processes.

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