International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2024; 11(3): 295-299
P-ISSN: 2394-1685
E-ISSN: 2394-1693
Impact Factor (RJIF): 5.38
Development of individualized passing media to train
IJPESH 2024; 11(3): 295-299
© 2024 IJPESH
digital-based short passing accuracy
www.kheljournal.com
Received: 06-04-2024
Accepted: 08-05-2024 Erwin Sutanto and Awan Hariono
Erwin Sutanto DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/kheljournal.2024.v11.i3e.3353
Faculty of Sport and Health
Sciences, Yogyakarta State Abstract
University, Yogyakarta, 55281,
This research aims to develop a tool to train short passing accuracy in soccer. This research applied a
Indonesia
Research and Development research. The development of this digital-based individual passing tool is
Awan Hariono carried out in several stages, namely: (1) preliminary studies, (2) product manufacturing, (3) expert
Faculty of Sport and Health validation and revision, (4) product trials; and (5) final product. Respondents of the small-scale trial
Sciences, Yogyakarta State amounted to 10 people and respondents of the large-scale trial amounted to 30 people. The data
University, Yogyakarta, 55281, collection technique used in this study was an instrument in the form of an assessment sheet. The result
Indonesia of this research is the development of an individual passing tool to train short passing accuracy in
football. The developed tool is feasible to use as a passing accuracy training instrument in football. Based
on the small group trial, the percentage of 80.6% is included in the good/acceptable category and the
large group trial of 82.3% is included in the very good/acceptable category.
Keywords: Passing media, digital, accuracy, acceptable category
1. Introduction
Indonesian football is one of the countries with football players who have poor passing
accuracy. The results of a study by [1] showed that the level of passing accuracy of local
professional football league 1 Indonesia 2017 athletes was in the “very less” category of
3.70% (4 athletes), the “less” category of 30.55% (33 athletes), the “medium” category of
41.66% (45 athletes), the “good” category of 12.96% (14 athletes), and the “very good”
category of 11.11% (12 athletes). From the data it can be seen that level one soccer athletes in
Indonesia are still dominated by athletes with very poor, poor and moderate levels of passing
accuracy with a percentage of 75.91%, while the good and very good categories are only
24.07%. From this data, the researcher assumes that to improve this condition, there needs to
be something new to make the training process for athletes (young age) better in the future.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 3 of 2005 concerning the National Sports System in
article 74 paragraph 1 states that the Government, Regional Governments, and / or the
community carry out sustainable development of science and technology to advance national
sports. The development of science is always followed by the development of technology.
Technology is a systematic study of techniques for making and working on various objects,
while science is a systematic effort to understand and interpret the world [2]. New technology in
this research is in the form of digital-based media used for passing training which aims to
improve the accuracy of short passing in soccer. Science and technology play an important
role in the development of football. With the existence of science and technology, activities
that were once considered difficult can now be done easily. Science and technology have a
positive impact on the world of football. The utilization of science and technology is marked
by the development of tools or supporting media in soccer. Quoting from [3], the application of
science and technology that has been carried out includes goal line technology, video assistant
Corresponding Author: referees, electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS). In the training process, there
Erwin Sutanto
Faculty of Sport and Health
are already developed media such as rebound rib. However, the development of media that
Sciences, Yogyakarta State utilizes technology in soccer is still mostly carried out by developed countries. The fact that is
University, Yogyakarta, 55281, currently happening is that Indonesian football has not been maximized in applying science
Indonesia and technology in football.
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As happens in regional clubs, there are still many or almost ability and short passing accuracy.
evenly distributed coaches who have not applied science and
technology in the training process, especially in training basic 2. Materials and Methods
passing techniques. To get media that can help the training 2.1 Type of Research
process, the coach or club must spend a lot of money. That This type of research is a type of research and development
factor can be the reason why in clubs not many have applied (research and development). According to [4] development
science and technology in the training process. PSSI should research is a research method used to produce certain
work with human resources who are experts in science and products, and test the effectiveness of these products.
technology to create new media to support the maximum Research and development serves to validate and develop
training process. With the efforts made, it is felt that it will be products. The findings obtained in the field are used to design
able to solve the problem of this country's achievements. new products and procedures and then systematically field
Maximum effort is of course directly proportional to good tested, evaluated, and refined. In other words, to produce a
achievement. certain product, a needs analysis is needed and to test the
Observations carried out at SSB Bina Putra Jaya on October effectiveness of the product.
11, 2018, there were still many students whose basic passing Research and development methods are widely used in
technique skills were not very good, in addition to the absence various fields of science, because to produce usefulness there
of a method of training individual passing, so that students needs to be innovation in technology and science so that
need other students to practice passing. The second human life is more productive, research and development is
observation conducted at the extracurricular soccer team of not only found in the fields of social sciences, health,
SMA N 5 Merangin on February 20, 2019, there were still management and education. In the field of coaching media, it
many players whose passing accuracy was not good. From can also be applied. In this study, the researchers intended to
this, the researcher concluded that the lack of supporting develop a product in the form of individual passing media to
media in the process of training soccer passing made the train digital-based short passing accuracy in soccer.
ability of basic passing techniques poor, directly proportional
to the short passing accuracy of the players. 2.2 Development Procedure
Based on this background, researchers are interested in The development procedure used in this study utilizes the
creating a digital-based media to help practice passing Research and Development (R&D) method according to [4],
independently. Seeing how important basic passing the steps of research and development are shown in the
techniques are in football, in order to maximize passing following figure:
Fig 1: The steps of Research and Development
[5]
2.3 Test Subjects , a questionnaire is a data collection technique that is done
This research was conducted at the Faculty of Sports Science, by giving a set of written questions to respondents to answer.
Yogyakarta State University. The validator subjects are media The first instrument was media experts and material experts in
experts and material experts, while for small-scale trial the form of media expert evaluation sheets and material
subjects amounted to 10 students of Sports Coaching experts containing data on the results of guidance and a series
Education concentrating on football and to test the large scale, of revisions during media development. Media expert
which amounted to 30 students of Sports Coaching Education assessment is related to the design and appearance of the
concentrating on football. product made. This instrument is used as material for revising
the passing training media developed in terms of appearance
2.4 Data Collection Techniques and Instruments and to make it suitable for use. As for the assessment of
The data collection method used in this development research material experts related to soccer passing training material in
was a questionnaire method with a data collection instrument the form of data from consultations and revisions during the
in the form of a questionnaire or questionnaire. According to media development guidance process about the correctness
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and suitability of the material in individual passing media to Good, Less, and Very Less. Each point has an indicator that
train short passing accuracy in football. shows whether the result of the statement is positive or
The second instrument was an evaluation sheet negative. For the purposes of quantitative analysis, the answer
(questionnaire) addressed to students of sports coaching was given a score.
education concentrating on football coaching at Yogyakarta
State University, to find out whether or not individual passing Table 2: The indicator of answer criteria
media for training digital-based short passing accuracy is Score
developed, if this media is used in the field as a passing Answer Criteria
Positive Negative
training aid. Very Good 4 1
Good 3 2
2.5 Data Analysis Technique Less 2 3
After the data from the trial results have been collected, data Very Poor 1 4
processing or data analysis is carried out. Data analysis
technique is a way to find out the results of the research 3. Results and Discussion
conducted. Data analysis techniques for assessing the 3.1 Results
feasibility of individual passing media to train digital-based This independent passing training tool product is a digital-
short passing accuracy, carried out with steps as described by based media. The research was conducted by observing the
[6]
, are as follows: field to find potential and existing problems, looking for
books as a development reference and looking for project
Score = (Calculated Score)/(Ideal Score) x 100% (1) partners who are experts in the field of engineering to make
media designs, determine materials and electronic
The results of the data calculation are then made in the form components and as contractors or implementers of tool
of a percentage multiplied by 100%. After obtaining the making. The following is a product description of passing
percentage with the formula, then the feasibility of individual training aids to train short passing accuracy in soccer.
passing media to train digital-based short passing accuracy in On August 02, 2019 researchers brought the media to be
this development research is classified into four feasibility validated by material experts. The material expert who
categories using the following scale: became a validator was a soccer lecturer at the Faculty of
Sports Science at Yogyakarta State University.
Table 1: Categories of short passing accuracy
No. Score in percentage Feasibility Category Table 3: Validation of media
1. < 40% Not Good/Not Feasible Obtained Max Percentage
2. 40%-55% Less Good/Less Feasible No Aspects Category
Max Score Score (%)
3. 56%-75% Fairly Good/Fair Good Enough /
1 Physical 31 36 86,1
4. 76%-100% Good/Feasible Feasible Enough
2 Usage 14 16 87,5 Good / Feasible
The questionnaire measurement uses an attitude scale, namely Total Score 43 52 86,2 Good / Feasible
the Likert scale. According to [6], the Likert scale is used to
measure the attitudes, opinions and perceptions of a person or On August 03, 2019 researchers brought the media to be
group about social phenomena. In this study, it has been validated by media experts. The material expert who became
specifically determined by the researcher, which is hereinafter a validator was another soccer lecturers at the Faculty of
referred to as the research variable. There are 4 answer Sports Science at Yogyakarta State University.
options in each questionnaire point, namely Very Good,
Table 4: Second validation of media
No Aspects Obtained Max Score Max Score Percentage (%) Category
1 Physical 28 32 87,5 Good / Feasible
2 Design 9 12 75 Good enough / Feasible enough
3 Usage 14 16 87,5 Good / Feasible
Total score 51 60 83,3 Good / Feasible
3.1.1 Small Group Trial Yogyakarta State University on August 20, 2019. The
Researchers tested individual passing media for digital-based students were very enthusiastic and interested. This small
short passing accuracy on students of the 2015 class of group trial involved 10 students as respondents.
football coaching education, Faculty of Sports Science,
Table 5: The results of individual passing media in small group trial
No. Aspects Obtained Max Score Max Score Percentage (%) Category
1. Physical 293 360 81,4 Good / Feasible
2. Design 126 160 78,7 Good / Feasible
3. Usage 137 160 81,8 Good / Feasible
Total score 556 680 80,6 Good / Feasible
The results of the data above show that the questionnaire football from a physical perspective is in the “good/feasible”
filled out by students for the development of individual category, in terms of design is in the “good/feasible”
passing media to train digital-based short passing accuracy in category, while in terms of use is in the “good/feasible”
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category, so that the total assessment of the feasibility trial of 3.1.2 Large Group Trial: The large group trial was
developing individual passing media to train digital-based conducted at Yogyakarta State University to 30 students of
short passing accuracy in football according to students of Sports Coaching Education football class 2015, Faculty of
Sports Coaching Education (PKO) A 2015 is categorized as Sports Science, Yogyakarta State University on September
satisfactory. Thus, the development of the media has been 06, 2019. The trial was conducted indoors. The trial was
completed for small group trials and is feasible to the next carried out from the stage of how to use and then continued
stage. with the material content of the media.
Table 6: The results of individual passing media in large group trial
No. Aspects Obtained Max Score Max Score Percentage (%) Category
1. Physical 888 1.080 82 Good / Feasible
2. Design 384 480 80 Good / Feasible
3. Usage 408 480 85 Good / Feasible
Total score 1.680 2.040 82,3 Good / Feasible
The results of the large group trial of Sports Coaching is unlikely to be a good player. This is because almost every
Education students in the 2015 class of football, Faculty of team always wins (scores goals) because of the kick.
Sports Science, Yogyakarta State University on September According to [8], kicking the ball aims to (1) give the ball to a
06, 2019 obtained the results of the physical aspect of 82% in friend or pass the ball, (2) to put the ball into the opponent's
the “Good / Feasible” category, the design aspect of 80% in goal or score a goal, (3) to bring the ball back to life after a
the “Good / Feasible” category, the use aspect of 85% in the violation such as a free kick, corner kick, penalty kick and so
“Good / Feasible” category. So that the total assessment of the on, and (4) to do clearing or cleaning by sweeping away
feasibility of developing individual passing media for science- dangerous balls in their own area or in an effort to stem the
based digital-based short passing accuracy according to opponent's attack on their own defense area.
student respondents is 82.3% categorized as “Good / In the sport of soccer, passing is a basic technical component
Feasible”. that is very important in soccer. Passing is used to feed and
This product was developed through the collaboration of score goals. The quality of passing will greatly affect the
researchers and experts in the field of science and technology quality of the game of soccer. Given that soccer is a team
alumnus of the Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State sport, all players in it are required to have good basic passing
University. The work on the product begins with a description technique skills as well. Passing is best done using the feet,
of the media performance then continues with the selection of but other body parts can also be used [9].
electronic components. The last stage is media testing to The role of passing in a soccer game is to pass the ball, block
assess where the shortcomings are and ensure the media is the ball, and not infrequently passing is also used to put the
ready for use. ball into the goal [9]. Based on the data, after conducting small
After the product is finished, the product undergoes expert group and large group trials, this individual passing media to
validation from material experts and media experts. Material train digital-based short passing accuracy has several
expert validation showed a result of 85.2% which means advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that
good/acceptable. After material expert validation, this media individual passing media can count the number of passes
underwent media expert validation which showed an every one minute and multiples and the bounce board on the
assessment result of 85.9% which means good/feasible. At the media has a score and target, making it easier to determine the
time of media expert validation, researchers received direction of the passing target. Meanwhile, the disadvantages
suggestions to add a timer to the programming box that are that the passing score calculation is still manual and the
functions as a marker of training time and calculation of the programming box cannot be exposed to rain.
number of passes. Material experts provide product revisions From the results and findings above, it can be seen that the
to add scoring to the bouncing board with the aim that players development of digital-based individual passing media to
find it easier to determine the passing target, thus leaving train football short passing accuracy is produced as a training
players to choose the highest score which means familiarizing aid for coaches and football players in training short passing
players with the accuracy of their short passing. The more accuracy. According to [10], accuracy is a person's ability to
often the target is right, the better the accuracy will be when direct something in accordance with the desired target.
playing in the field. After the media was revised, the
assessment by the media expert became good/acceptable. 4. Conclusions
The trial on this media was carried out in two stages, namely Product production begins with conducting a preliminary
small group trials and large group trials. In the small group study followed by product manufacturing, validation of media
trial, this media received an assessment of 80.6%, which experts and material experts, revision of media experts and
means it is in the good/acceptable category. After the small material experts, small group trials, small trial revisions,
group trial was completed, then proceed to the large group product revisions, large group trials, product revisions, and
trial. At the time of the large group trial this media got 82.3% final products. Individual passing media for digital-based
of the results which were in the good/appropriate category. short passing accuracy training in soccer is a media consisting
of a media frame, bounce board, programming box, ball, kun.
3.2 Discussion The results of individual passing media products for digital-
In a research journal of Indonesian sports science media by [7], based short passing accuracy training in soccer, obtained a
it is stated that kicking the ball technique is the basis in conclusion that is Good / Feasible to use. This is based on
playing soccer, because a good team is if all players master assessments and revisions from media experts, material
the technique of kicking the ball well. Kicking is the most experts and trial respondents. Overall, the quality of this tool
important part, a soccer player who cannot kick the ball well as a media for short passing accuracy training in football is
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generally categorized as Good/Feasible, in terms of physical
aspects, design and use. This media was declared
Good/Feasible through several revisions and improvements
until it was declared feasible to be tested by material experts
and media experts. The level of feasibility based on material
experts of 86.2% is in the Good/Fair category and from media
experts of 85.9% is in the Good/Fair category. Based on the
small group trial, the test data obtained from the trial results
of 80.6% fell into the Good / Appropriate category and the
large group trial of 82.3 fell into the Good / Appropriate
category and the large group trial of 82.3.
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