0

act (v) ‫ سلوك‬/ ‫ يترصف‬/ ‫يمثل‬ first aid (kit) ‫إإلسعافات إإلوليه‬
react (v) ‫ يترصف بناء عل‬/ ‫يستجيب‬ allow (v) ‫ ريتك‬/ ‫ يدع‬/ ‫يسمح‬
ُ
CPR ‫إإلنعاش إلقلب إلرىوي‬ allowance (n) ‫ عالوة‬/ ‫سماح‬
guide (v/n) ‫ مرشد‬/ ‫يرشد‬ guidance (n) ‫ؤرشاد‬

infect (v) ‫ يلتهب‬/ ‫يصيب بعدوي‬ infection (v) ‫عدوي‬

operate (v) ‫ يجري جرإحة‬/ ‫يشعل‬ operation (n) ‫عمليه‬
perform (v) ‫يؤدي‬ performance (n) ‫إدإء‬
resilience (n) ‫ن‬
‫ إللي‬/ ‫إلمرونة‬ severe (adj) ‫ حاد‬/ ‫شديد‬
technique (n) ‫طريقه‬ active (adj) ‫نشيط‬
ambulance (n) ‫عربة إؤلسعاف‬ athlete (n) ‫ إلعب ألعاب قوي‬/ ‫رياض‬ ‫ن‬
tight (adj) ‫ ضيق‬/ ‫مشدود‬ Athletic (adj) ‫رياض‬ ‫ن‬
‫ن‬
AHC = Athletic heart centre ‫إلرياض للقلب‬ ‫إلمركز‬ Available (adj) ‫ متوفر‬/ ‫متاح‬
bandage (n) ‫ضماده‬ base (n) ‫ أساس‬/ ‫قاعدة‬
Bleed / bled / bled (v) ‫نن‬
‫يتف‬ bone (n) ‫عظمة‬
breathing (n) ‫تنفس‬ centre (n) ‫ وسط‬/ ‫منتصف‬
check (v) ‫يفحص‬ collaboration (n) ‫تعاون‬
Competition (n) ‫ منافسة‬/ ‫مسابقة‬ action (v) ‫ إلقيام بشء‬/ ‫حدث‬
flat (adj) ‫ مسطح‬/ ‫مستوي‬ fortunately (adv) ‫لحسن إلحظ‬
injure (v) ‫ يؤذي‬/ ‫يصيب‬ injured (adj) ‫مصاب‬
injury (n) ‫إصابه‬ instructions (n) ‫ تعليمات‬/ ‫أوإمر‬
major (adj) ‫ كبت‬/ ‫رئيش‬ medical (adj) ‫طب‬
normal (adj) ‫طبيع‬ pioneer (n) ‫رإئد‬
place (v/n) ‫مكان‬ press (v) ‫يضغط‬
respond (v) ‫ يتجاوب‬/ ‫يستجيب‬ Responsibility (n) ‫مسئولية‬
rise – rose –risen (v) ‫يرتفع‬ sign (n) ‫ ؤشارة‬/ ‫عالمة‬
emergency (n) ‫إلطوإرئ‬ details (n) ‫تفاصيل‬
disease (v) ‫مرض‬ educate (v) ‫يعلم‬
survive (v) ‫ر‬
‫ يبق حيا‬/ ‫ينجو‬ sudden (adj) ‫ئ‬
‫مفاج‬
trophy (n) ‫ كأس‬/‫إنتصار‬ wrap (v) ‫يغلف‬
executive (n) ‫تنفيذي‬ expert (n / adj) ‫خبت‬
train (v) ‫ يدرب‬/ ‫يتدرب‬ examination (n) ‫ إمتحان‬/ ‫فحص‬

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perform ‫يؤدي‬ To do an action
infection ‫عدوي‬ A disease caused by a virus or bacteria.
severe ‫ عنيف‬- ‫قاىس‬ To describe an illness or injury that is very serious.
react ‫يستجيب‬ do something because something has been done
technique ‫ أسلوب‬/ ‫طريقه‬ A way of doing something with a skill.
CPR ‫معزول‬ (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:

1. Patients with Covid-19 should be isolated due to the danger of…………………
a) infection b) injection c) reaction d) infected
2. A British team………….the first heart transplant operation.
a) did b) made c) operated d) carried
3. His job is to guide the tourists. " The word " guide" in this sentence is a/an ……………..
a) adverb b) noun c) verb d) adjective
4. Scientist take notes of the……………..when two chemical substances are mixed together.
a) browser b) reaction c) button d) cookies
5. We almost differently…………..to the same stimulus.
a) act b) action c) react d) reaction
6. The captain was……………..woth Covid-19 while he was in Morocco.
a) guided b) reacted c) acted d) infected
7. Archaeologists now use modern……………..such as ultrasonic rays.
a) tricks b) magics c) techniques d) designs
8. Don't be strict ‫ صارم‬/ ‫ حازم‬all the time. You need some…………..to be able to adapt to
different situations.
a) resilience b) resilient c) sick d) sickness
9. Doctors do their best to fight………………..disease.
a) infectious b) suspicious c) vulgar d) fabulous
10. He was taken to a bigger hospital as his injury was…………………
a) tiny b) danger c) severe d) infection
11. There was a ……………………..silence as the headmaster into the class.
a) sudden b) regular c) exciting d) available
12. The director insisted that all staff must…………..on the new security system.
a) gain b) train c) entertain d) complain

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13. A/An……..is someone who is important in the early development of something, and
whose work or ideas are later developed by other people.
a) employee b) director c) assistant d) pioneer
14. Most people feel proud when………from their country do well in the Olympics.
a) graduates b) athletes c) pioneers d) reporters
15. Children under five are vaccinated against the………..childhood diseases such as
smallpox and polio.
a) normal b) unimportant c) major d) minor
16. After putting out the fire, some victims suffered from…………..difficulties and eye
irritation.
a) disease b) temperature c) breathing d) depression
17. It is believed that cycle helmets may reduce head………..by up to 80 percent.
a) treatment b) break c) injury d) drug
18. Doctor say that white blood cells help defend the body against………………..
a) injection b) infection c) operation d) reflection
19. It is necessary to know how to………….CPR in case you should help in an emergency.
a) perform b) make c) allow d) guide
20. You need much more training to improve your…………………. .
a) guide b) expert c) infection d) performance
21. As a foreigner in Egypt, I need someone to……………..me.
a) cause b) guide c) publish d) develop
22. He gets a/an………………of 2000 pounds a month.
a) allowance b) athlete c) persuasion d) a & c
23. Young people need…………. . They do not have enough experience in life.
a) operation b) performance c) guidance d) a & c
25. Several Olympic……………were accused of ‫ متهم ب‬taking performance enhancing
drugs ‫منشطات‬.
a) athletes b) athletics c) athletic d) doers
26. You should read the……………before using a new electrical set. ‫جهاز‬
a) inspections b) infections c) instructions d) symptoms
27. To stop bleeding,……………a bandage firmly around the injured limb.
a) chop b) peel c) remove d) wrap
28. The club cupboard is full of………………….
a) sickness b) shoulders c) injuries d) trophies
29. When the lungs are infected,………..becomes very difficult.
a) breathing b) allowing c) bleeding d) wrapping
30. It is necessary for a football pitch to be……..with no slopes. ‫انحدار‬
a) flat b) fat c) fit d) float

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do an action ‫ يتخذ ؤجرإء‬/ ‫يترصف‬ do a sport ‫يمارس رياضة‬
do first aid ‫يقوم بعمل ؤسعافات أولية‬ do a job ‫يؤدي مهمة عمل‬
do CRP ‫يقوم باؤلنعاش إلقلب‬ stay safe ‫ر‬
‫يبق بأمان‬
get an infection ‫ يصيب بعدوي‬/ ‫يعدي‬ give infection ‫ يصيب بعدوي‬/ ‫يعدي‬

on a flat surface ‫علﻰ سطح مستوي‬ worried about ‫قلق بخصوص‬

Suggest solutions to ‫ر‬
‫يقتح حلول ل ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ‬ Make sure ‫يتأكد‬
miss the chance ‫يضيع إلفرصة‬ Pass an exam ‫يجتاز إمتحان‬
keep the heart strong ‫يحافظ عل إلقلب قوي‬ in the correct way ‫بالطريقة إلصحيحة‬
check every detail ‫يتحقق من كل جزئية‬ send blood around ‫يضخ إلدم خالل‬

word synonym antonym

collaboration ‫تعاون‬ partnership - participation isolation
disease ‫مرض‬ Illness - sickness Health- well being
normal ‫عادي – طبيع‬ usual - ordinary unusual - abnormal
flat ‫مسطح‬ Smooth - low Rough- irregular-dull
react ‫يتفاعل‬ respond cease
preform ‫ يؤدي‬/ ‫يقوم‬ act – take action – carry out Halt - fail

Verb Noun Adjective

bleed ‫نن‬
‫يتف‬ blood – bleeder ‫دم – نازف‬ bleeding ‫نزيف‬
infect ‫يعدي‬ infection ‫عدوي‬ Infected - infectious ‫معدي‬
injure ‫يصيب‬ Injury ‫إصابه‬ injured ‫مصاب‬
react ‫يترصف‬ Reaction ‫رد فعل‬ reactive ‫متفاعل‬
breathe ‫يتنفس‬ breath-breathing ‫ تنفس‬/ ‫نفس‬ breathy ‫إلهث‬
Operate ‫يقوم بعملية‬ operation ‫عملية جرإحية‬ operative ‫جرإج‬

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 infection (n) illness (n) disease (n) sickness (n)
‫ مرض‬/ ‫عدوي‬ ‫ ؤعياء‬/ ‫مرض‬ ‫ن‬
‫معي مثل‬ ‫مرض (نوع‬ ‫ؤعياء ( يمنع من إلقيام‬
)‫(ناتج عن فتوسات‬ )‫(خلل بالجسد‬ )‫ إلرسطان‬/ ‫إإلنفلونزإ‬ ) ‫بالعمل مثال‬

 smallpox ‫ إلجدري‬and Covid-19 are dangerous infections.

 She suffers from a serious illness.
 Flu is a common disease in winter.
 My sickness stopped me from going to school.

another
other The other others
‫ آخرون‬- ‫آخر‬ ‫آخ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــر‬
‫إآلخر‬ ‫إآلخرون‬ ‫ن‬
‫ مختلف‬/ ‫ؤضاف‬
)‫(صفة تتبع باسم جمع‬ (‫(صفة تتبع باسم‬ (‫(ضمت تتبع بفعل‬
(‫(صفة تتبع باسم‬

 Some students like music. Other students like sport.

 I saw two boys. One of them was tall. The other was short.
 Some students like music. Others like sport.
 I don't like this dress. Could I buy another one?

breathe (v) breathe (n)

‫يتنفس‬ ‫إلنفس‬

 The performance of CRP helped the injured man breathe normally.

 It is normal for your breath to be warm.

operation process
‫عملية جرإحية‬ ‫عملية طبيعية أو صناعية لحدوث‬
‫عملية ؤنجاز (عمل ) لرسكة‬ )‫أو ؤنتاج ىسء عملية ؤجرإئية (خطوإت‬

 The famous surgeon has done this operation hundreds of times.

 Getting a visa can be a complex process.

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 every day = daily everyday = daily (adj.)
‫ن‬ ) ‫يوم ( يتبعها إسم‬
)‫كل يوم ( ف أخر إلجملة غالبا‬

 You can visit the museum every day.

 We use technology in our everyday life.

encourage + obj + to + inf encourage + ing / n discourage + obj + from + ing

‫ئ‬
‫بش‬ ‫يشجع شخص عل إلقيام‬ ‫يشجع عل‬ ‫ن‬
‫عن‬.... ‫ يرصف‬/ ‫عن‬.... ‫يثب‬

 My parents encouraged me to study medicine.

 I encourage studying well to get high marks.
 I discourage Ahmed from listening to bad songs.

1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:

1. It's necessary to know how to…………..first Aid.
a) do b) perform c) suggest d) a & b
2. You mustn't……………..CPR unless the person is lying on his / her back.
a) do b) open c) make d) carry
3. When there's a pandemic, you may……….an infection.
a) do b) get c) suggest d) make
4. You can do……………….
a) a sport b) sure c) safe d) the chance
5. " Coronavirus is a severe disease. " In this sentence, "severe" is antonyms with………..
a) serious b) mild c) tried d) acute
6. You need to……..a good hygiene in order to keep healthy.
a) have b) do c) make d) call
7. if you want to succeed in life, never…………..any chance to learn.
a) miss b) get c) cause d) a & b
8. "…………….." is to mild as " irrational " is to " normal " .
a) Gentle b) severe c) unusual d) abnormal
9. She encouraged me to save my money. She………..me from buying unnecessary things.
a) wanted b) supported c) discouraged d) forced
10. A : Do you want to move it…………..the wall ? B: No, move it closer.
a) nearer to b) away from c) a & b d) towards

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11. If your child wants to take ………a new sport, a doctor must check his heart pulse first.
a) in b) up c) out d) off
12. A: Is your offer still available ? B: forget……………it. I've changed my mind.
a) to b) from c) about d) too
13. You………to leave this job. It is boring.
a) right b) are right c) have no right d) righter
14. You don't realise the…………… of the weather in Canada in winter.
a) guide b) guidance c) severe d) severity
15. Be careful or you will be………………….with smallpox.
a) infect b) infection c) infectious d) infected
16. Children need their parents to……………….them.
a) guide b) guidance c) severe d) severity
17. In hospitals, some tests are now………..on all people who offer to become blood donors.
a) performed b) designed c) made d) reacted
18. Several people ignored the " No smoking"……………..and the police fined them.
a) mark b) signal c) message d) sign
19. The present my sister got for her birthday was beautifully…………..in gold paper.
a) wrapped b) locked c) dumped d) removed
20. My friend was given…………by a doctor, which I think saved his life.
a) VCR b) PCR c) CRP d) MRI
21. You should learn how to…………….CPR.
a) reform b) perform c) take d) make
22. From the behaviour, it is clear that she is not normal" . The word "normal " here can be
replaced by………………..
a) sane b) insane c) irrational d) unusual

How to perform First Aid

❶ If you find an ill or injured person, you must
check the area around him\her first to make sure
it isn't dangerous. Then move closer to the
person and look carefully at them. Do they seem
to be very ill? Do they have severe injuries?

❷ If the person is awake but not bleeding, you have to ask them how they feel and what
happened. Check their body for signs of injury or infection. You don't have to touch the
person's body to do this.

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❸ If the person doesn't reply, touch their shoulder or their foot and shout to see if they
react, and remember to check for normal breathing.

❹ If the person isn't breathing, someone must call the emergency services immediately.

❺ If you know how to perform CPR, you have to do this to help the person start breathing
again. However, you mustn't do CPR unless the person is lying on their back on a flat surface
such as the floor.

❻ Place your hand on the centre of the person's chest. Put your other hand on top of
the first hand and lock your fingers together. Make sure that shoulders are above your
hands.

❼ You don't have to press down on the person's chest very much–only five to six centimeters.
Keep your hands on their chest and allow to rise up again. You have to do this 100 to 120 times
a minute until the person starts breathing again

Keeping a healthy heart

Of course, not everyone will become an athlete or a footballer, but
that does not mean we should forget about our hearts. So what
should parents do to help their children stay free from heart disease?
Your heart pumps blood about 380 litres of blood through your
body every hour. This is a lot of work. In fact, your heart has to work
harder than any other muscle in your body. This is why we need to
keep it fit and healthy.
We all need to exercise for 30 minutes every day if we can. We should all get lots of exercise–
that means mum and dad as well as the children.

Try to walk, cycle, swim or play games outside as often as you can. Play together as a family
and it will be more fun. If a child decides to take up a new sport, send them to visit a doctor to
check their heart first. They'll probably be fine, but the doctor will need to do some tests to
check.

Eat healthy, too. Show your children that they need to look at the labels before they buy
something. They mustn't eat too much of something if it has a lot of salt or fat in it. Eat well, do
lots of exercise and you should have healthy hearts for life.

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 Must & have / has to

‫إثبات‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫فاعل‬ must …

‫ا‬
‫ننق‬ ‫يجب أل‬ ‫فاعـل‬ mustn’t …
‫مصدر‬
‫سؤإل بهل‬ ‫هل يجب أن‬ Must ‫فاعل‬ …

‫سؤإل بأدإة إستفهام‬ Wh. must ‫فاعل‬ …

‫ن‬
‫إلمبب للمجهول‬ ‫إلمفعول‬ Must
be + p.p…
obj Mustn't

‫االستخدام‬
ُْ ُ
) ‫ عن ؤلزإم دإخل ؛ ( إلشخص هو إلذي يل ِزم نفسه بفعل إلشء‬must ‫❶ تعت‬
(Ex)  I must repair the roof before winter comes.
‫ن‬ ُ
‫❷ تعت عن قاعدة أو قانون ؛ نص إلقانون وإلتعليمات إلمكتوبة ف أماكن إلعمل‬
(Ex)  Drivers must follow traffic rules.
َْ ُ
‫❸ تستخدم لتقديم نصيحة وتذ ِكرة قوية ( لمنع نضر) ؛ ىسء مهم‬
(Ex)  You must study hard to get high marks.
.)‫إقتإحات ودعوإت مؤكدة ومشاعر صادقة ؛ (ىسء نضوري ألنه ممتع‬ ‫❹ ُتستخدم لتقديم ر‬
(Ex)  It’s a great book. You really must read it.
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫) للتعبت عن ن‬must( ‫إلماض ل‬
‫) لتؤدي نفس‬had to( ‫إلرصورة وف هذة إلحالة نستخدم‬ ‫❺ إل توجد صيغة‬
‫ن‬
: ‫إلماض‬ ‫ن‬
‫إلغرض ف‬

(Ex)  He must leave earlier yesterday. (x)

 He had to leave earlier yesterday. (√ )
‫ ) ف‬must ( ‫ يوجد بدإئل‬: ‫الحظ‬
‫ن‬
: ‫إلماض مثل‬ ‫ن‬

- It was necessary to + inf ……….

(Ex)  It was necessary to take my driving test yesterday.
- It was a necessity to + inf ……………..
(Ex)  It was a necessity to take my driving test yesterday.
- It was a must to + inf……………
(Ex)  It was a must to take my driving test yesterday.

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 ‫ عندما نأمر شخص بعدم فعل ىسء ؛ شخص إل يسمح لشخص آخر فعل ىسء‬mustn’t ‫❶ نستخدم‬
(Ex)  You mustn’t tell anyone about it. It’s a secret.
 You must be very quiet. You mustn’t make any noise.
‫ا‬ ْ
‫ للتعبت عن إلمنع وإلحظر ؛ ؤلـزإم بعدم فعل إلشء ( ُمج َـبـر أل تفعل ) لمنع نضر‬mustn’t ‫❷ نستخدم‬
(Ex)  You mustn’t eat in the library. It isn’t allowed.
: ‫ إلتحريم مثل‬/ ‫) للتعبت عن إلمنع‬mustn't ( ‫❸ هناك بدإئل ل‬
‫ا‬ ‫من ن‬
❶ It’s necessary not to ‫إلرصوري أل‬
❷ It’s against the law to ‫ضد إلقانون‬
+ inf.
❸ It’s against the rules to ‫ضد إلقوإعد‬
‫ن‬
❹ It’s illegal to ‫غت قانون‬

❺ am prohibited to ‫ُمحرم‬
❻ is forbidden to + inf. ‫ممنوع‬
‫فـــــــــاعــل‬

❼ are banned to ‫محظور‬/‫ممنوع‬

❽ am allowed to
+ inf.
❾ is + not ‫غت مسموح‬
permitted to
❿ are
(Ex)  You mustn’t park here.
= It’s necessary not to park here.
= It’s against the law to park here.
= It’s forbidden to park here.
= You are forbidden to park here.
= It’s not allowed to park here.
= You aren’t allowed to park here.
: ‫) لإلنتقاد أو إللوم‬must( ‫ تستخدم صيغة إإلستفهام‬: ‫الحظ‬
(Ex)  Must you talk while you are eating ? ) ‫(إنتقاد سلوك غت مقبول‬
 Why must you shout at me all the time ? ) ‫( لوم أو عتاب‬
Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:
1. A driver must…………a driving licence.
a) holds b) to hold c) hold d) holding
2. One……………obey the law.
a) must b) mustn't c) must be d) mustn't be
3. One…………….break the law.
a) must b) mustn't c) must be d) mustn't be

10
4. The law…………………..broken.
a) must b) mustn’t c) must be d) mustn't be
5. The law……………….followed.
a) must b) mustn't c) must be d) mustn't be
6. Defending homeland is a……………………
a) must b) necessary c) necessity d) a & c
7. In the past, people……………..hunt for food.
a) must b) mustn't c) had to d) had
8. A visitor or a hospital…………….smoke. It is banned.
a) must b) mustn't c) should d) shouldn't
9. " You must come and have dinner with me." This is a…………………..
a) must b) necessity c) suggestion d) warm invitation
10. " You…………….stop taking this medicine until I tell you to do so" said Dr Mustafa.
a) banned to b) must be c) mustn't d) don't have to
11. Having got a red card in the last match, you are…………..from taking part in the
tomorrow's match.
a) permitted b) banned c) obliged d) licensed
have & has to + inf.

I I
You you
We have to don’t Do we
’ve to
They they
‫إسم جمع‬ have to… ‫إسم جمع‬ have to …
He he
She has to she
doesn’t Does
It ’s to it
‫إسم مفرد‬ ‫إسم مفرد‬

‫االستخدام‬
‫ن‬
.‫ شخص) ليس لديك إختيار‬/ ‫ موقف‬/ ‫❶ تعت عن ؤلزإم خارج ف إلمضارع وإلمستقبل ( يفرضه إلقانون‬
(Ex)  Policemen have to wear a uniform.
have / has to ‫❷ إلحـظ إختالف تكوين إلسؤإل ب ـ‬
(Ex)  Do policemen have to wear a uniform?
‫ن‬
‫ ) للتعبت عن عدم إؤللـزإم ف إلمضارع أو إلمستقبل ؛ ىسء غت‬don’t / doesn’t have to ( ‫❸ نستخدم‬
‫ ولكن يمكن أن تفعله‬, ‫نضوري‬
(Ex)  She doesn’t have to take out the rubbish every day.
obj + have / has + to be + p.p………….. ‫ن‬
: ‫إلمبب للمجهول وتكون إلصيفة كالتال‬ ‫❹ إلحظ‬
(Ex)  The electricity bill has to be paid.

11
 ‫ن‬ ‫) للتعبت عن ن‬have / has( ‫) بديلة ل‬need / needs to + inf ( ‫❺ تستخدم‬
: ‫إلرصورة ف إلمضارع‬
(Ex)  Students have to wear a school uniform.
 Students need to wear a school uniform.
‫) للتعبت عن عدم ن‬sub + needn't + inf ( ‫( أو‬don't / doesn't + need to + inf ) ‫إلنق بكلمة‬
.‫إلرصورة‬ ‫❻ عند ن‬
(Ex)  She isn’t late for school so she doesn’t have to hurry.
 She isn’t late for school so she needn’t hurry.
: ‫ ( للتعبت عن ىسء من إلمهم إلقيام به نف إلمستقبل‬will have to + inf ( ‫❼ تستخدم‬
(Ex)  I'll have to send the fax tomorrow.
‫ن‬
: ‫إلماض‬ ‫ن‬ ‫( للتعبت عن ن‬had to + inf( ‫❽ تستخدم‬
‫إلرصورة ف‬
(Ex)  He had to leave earlier yesterday. )‫(ؤثبات‬
 He didn't have to leave earlier yesterday. ‫( ن‬
)‫إلنق‬
 Did he have to leave earlier yesterday? )‫(إلسؤإل‬
‫❾ إلحظ إلفرق ن‬
‫بي‬

Sub + didn't + have / need + to + inf. ) ‫( لم يفعل إلشء ألن ذلك لم يكن نضوري‬

= Sub + needn't + have + p.p ) ‫( فعل إلشء ثم إتضح إن ذلك لم يكن نضوري‬

(Ex)  You didn't have/need to wake up early on holidays. )‫(لم يستيقظ‬

 You needn't have woken up early on holidays. )‫(إستيقظ بالفعل‬

1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:

1. You……..finish that report tonight if you're too tired. Midday tomorrow is the deadline.
a) need to b) must c) needn't d) shouldn't
2. you ……..wash the car. The man at the garage will wash it tomorrow.
a) mustn't b) can't c) might not d) needn't
3. you ………… be 18 to drive a car in England.
a) might b) need c) have to d) ought to
4. We ………….to buy any tomatoes. There are lots of them in the fridge.
a) have b) mustn't c) need d) don't need
5. You can order your plane tickets online; you .................. use a travel agent.
a) mustn’t b) don’t have to c) have to not d) don’t need
6. We .............. make sure that the customers are getting value for money.
a) must b) mustn't c) have to d) needn't
7. I can go on my own. You ............... come with me.
a) don't need to b) must c) have to d) need to

12
8. My children ……………. study ancient history at school next year.
a) have to b) must c) needed d) needn't
9. We ………… buy souvenirs for our friends while we’re here.
a) must b) have to c) mustn't d) needn't
10. We ……… get up or go to bed at particular times.
a) don't need to b) mustn't c) has got to d) don't have
11. We ………… forget that tourism is very important for Egypt.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't d) don't have to
12. I…………… get up very early on school days.
a) have to b) mustn't c) needn't d) has to
13. You …………. take that train. There’s another one in ten minutes.
a) mustn't b) has to c) has to d) have to
14. You ……….. buy that book. I can lend you mine.
a) mustn't b) has to c) had to d) needn't
15. You ……………speak so loudly on your phone. It's very annoying.
a) mustn't b) need to c) had to d) have to
16. When you arrive in another country, you ………….. show your passport.
a) must b) has to c) had to d) have to
17. My staff and I …………… work twelve hours for six days a week.
a) mustn't b) shouldn't c) had to d) have to
18. I ……………phone my friend this morning. I promised him I would.
a) needn't b) have to c) must d) has to
19. In some countries, children …………wear school uniforms.
a) don't need to b) didn't have to c) mustn't d) has to
20. Most school children in Britain …………… wear a school uniform.
a) has to b) mustn't c) didn't have to d) have to
21. You …………….. spend too much money. You’ll want some for your holiday.
a) mustn't b) needn't c) don't have to d) must
22. You …...….. take that book back to the library. You can keep it for another week.
a) have to b) don't have to c) must d) can't
23. You ………….. pass your exams to go to university.
a) mustn't b) has to c) had to d) have to
24. I really …..…… phone Mazen. I promised I’d phone him when I had any news.
a) mustn't b) must c) had to d) have to
25. We …………. buy some milk from the shops because we don't have any.
a) mustn't b) need to c) don't need to d) may
26. I want to go to university. I ………….. apply before the end of the week.
a) mustn't b) needn't c) don't have to d) need to

13
27. You …………. see your doctor. You look ill.
a) must b) needn't c) can't d) may
28. School starts at 8 : 30. I ………… get there before that time.
a) might b) have to c) can d) may
29. You can stay at home if you want. You ………….. go shopping with us.
a) can't b) mustn't c) don't have to d) need to
30. I ……………hurry. My train leaves in 5 minutes.
a) mustn't b) don't have to c) must d) have to
31. These old buildings ……………knocked down.
a) have to be b) has to be c) had to be d) have to
32. I ………… go to school yesterday. It was a holiday.
a) needn't b) won't c) didn't have to d) shouldn't
33. You …………… drive fast in the city centre. It’s very dangerous.
a) needn't b) mustn't c) don't have to d) have to
34. We ………… give our homework to the teacher until next week.
a) didn't have to b) mustn't c) don't have to d) must
35. I was very tired yesterday. I ………….. go to bed early.
a) was b) must c) needn't d) had to
36. I have been tired all week. I …………. get more sleep.
a) mustn't b) has to c) had to d) must
37. We’ve got plenty of time. We …………. hurry.
a) mustn't b) don't have to c) had to d) have to
38. We …………. lock the car. It's safe here.
a) mustn't b) has to c) needn't d) shouldn't
39. You …………. park here. It says a “No Parking area" .
a) mustn't b) don't have to c) shouldn't d) have to
40. You …………… come if you don't want.
a) mustn't b) don't have to c) shouldn't d) have to
41. Stop! You'll be punished! You ………….. have parked here.
a) shouldn't b) didn't c) can't d) wouldn't
42. It's a holiday tomorrow, so I ………… get up early.
a) mustn't b) don't have to c) shouldn't d) won't have to
43. Last weekend, I …………… study hard for the exams.
a) have to b) has to c) needn't d) had to
44. The referee said to the footballer, "You …………. play like that."
a) mustn't b) has to c) needn't d) shouldn't
45. Why …………to go to hospital last night?
a) do you have b) have you got c) must d) did you have

14
 boost (v) ‫ يساعد‬/ ‫ يدعم‬/ ‫يعزز‬ boost (n) ‫ مساعدة‬/ ‫ دعم‬/ ‫تعزيز‬
cell (n) ‫ زنزإنة‬/ ‫خليه‬ immune system (n) ‫جهاز إلمناعه‬
organs (n) ‫إعضاء‬ virus (n) ‫فتس‬
viral (adj) ‫فتوس‬ brain (n) ‫مخ‬

brilliant (adj) ‫ إلمع‬/ ‫ذك‬ champion (n) ‫بطل‬

cough (n/v) ‫ يسعل‬/ ‫ سعال‬/ ‫كحة‬ championship (n) ‫بطولة‬
Course (n) ‫مقرر تعليم‬ cover (n) ‫ غطاء‬/ ‫يغط‬
‫ئ‬
diet (n) ‫نظام غذإن‬ explanation (n) ‫ تفست‬/ ‫شح‬
flu (n) ‫ؤنفلونزإ‬ improve (v) ‫ يتحسن‬/ ‫يحسن‬
join (v) ‫ ينضم ؤل‬/ ‫يلتحق ب ـ‬ label (n) ‫ملصق‬
Lie – lay - lain (v) ‫ر‬
‫ يتمدد‬/ ‫يستلق‬ lying (n) ‫ إلكذب‬/ ‫ إلتمدد‬/ ‫إإلستلقاء‬
lungs (n) ‫إلرئة‬ microscope (n) ‫ميكروسكوب‬
mistake (n) ‫خطأ‬ muscle (n) ‫عضلة‬
ordinary (adj) ‫ معتاد‬/ ‫عادي‬ Perfect (adj) ‫ ممتاز‬/ ‫ تام‬/ ‫كامل‬
persuade (v) ‫يقنع‬ persuading (n) ‫إؤلقناع‬
persuasive (adj) ‫مقنع‬ pleasure (n) ‫ شور‬/ ‫سعادة‬
protect (v) ‫يحم‬ reason (n) ‫سبب‬
regular (adj) ‫منتظم‬ regularly (adv) ‫بإنتظام‬
remind (v) ‫يذكر‬ separate (adj / v) ‫ ينفصل‬/ ‫ يفصل‬/ ‫منفصل‬
serious (adj) ‫ جاد‬/ ‫خطت‬ sick (adj) ‫مريض‬
situation (n) ‫موقف‬ support (n/v) ‫ يدعم‬/ ‫إلدعم‬
unfortunately (adv) ‫لسوء إلحظ‬ behave (v) ‫يترصف‬

boost ‫ يدعم‬- ‫يعزز‬ To help someone or something to improve or get better.

cell ‫خليه‬ The smallest separate part of a plant or animal.
immune system ‫ جهاز إلمناعه‬A way that your body protects you from disease.
organ ‫عضو‬ A part of your body that performs a job ,e.g. the brain or the heart.
virus ‫فتس‬ A very small living thing that causes disease..

15
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:
1. The Ministry is trying to………local and foreign businesses to invest in the tourism
industry.
a) persuade b) attack c) order d) discourage
2. I asked my brother to……………..me to buy some batteries for the TV remote control.
a) remember b) memorise c) remind d) forget
3. Ahmed's visits gave his grandparents a lot of…………………
a) sorrow b) pleasure c) frustration d) concentration
4. Cairo University runs language……….for all levels, from beginners to professional ones.
a) games b) trips c) matches d) courses
5. the new player's skillful performance should…….the team's result this season.
a) join b) add c) boost d) discourage
6. Young children usually get a lot of……..on visiting zoos and theme parks.
a) virus b) bacteria c) tissue d) soil
7. To increase your efficiency at work, it is important to keep work and family life………………
a) joint b) strange c) demolished d) separate
8. The meal which we had at the new restaurant was delicious and absolutely……………..
a) terrible b) perfect c) strange d) awful
9. The……………system protects your child's body from outside invaders, such as bacteria,
viruses , fungi and toxins.
a) moral b) immature c) immune d) inner
10. The advertisement campaign has succeeded in…………sales of the new product.
a) pulling b) depriving c) boosting d) discouraging
11. His good manners have made him…………..to evil ideas.
a) available b) affected c) influenced d) immune
12. The liver is a/an……………and so is the heart.
a) member b) organ c) virus d) brain
13. A/An…………can make a lot of people very ill.
a) muscle b) organ c) virus d) brain
14. Coronavirus " Covid 19" is a………..disease.
a) bacteria b) viral c) viruses d) fungi
15. COVID-19 attack and destroys the…………..of the lungs.
a) virus b) cells c) allowance d) bandage
16. Our manager is very………….. . He makes you do what he wants easily.
a) aggressive b) persuasive c) available d) cooperative

16
17. You shouldn't smoke, it is very bad for your………………….. .
a) muscle b) cell c) surface d) lungs
18. I strongly………….the view that education should be available to everyone.
a) support b) risk c) disrespect d) disagree
19. She has one of the most……..minds in the country. She's really one of a kind. ‫فريدة من نوعها‬
a) horrific b) brilliant c) horrible d) a & b
20. She pays…………visits to her grandma every Friday.
a) separate b) regular c) persuading d) simple
21. The……………..on the packet shows the ingredients. ‫مكونات‬
a) champion b) flu c) label d) diet
22. Cancer is a/an……………….disease.
a) serious b) flat c) infected d) gentle
23. He was……………..,so he took two days off. ‫يومي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إجازة‬
a) infection b) disease c) sickness d) sick
24. It's usual for a person who has flu to………………..
a) operate b) lock c) cough d) smell
25. You need to rest in bed if you have a bad…………………
a) champion b) flu c) label d) diet
26. The heart is the…………..that does most of the work in the body.
a) medicine b) boost c) muscle d) hand
27. I'd like to get a clear…………for your negative situation. I want to understand.
a) allowance b) explanation c) performance d) examination
28. Following the right………………..helps you keep healthy and fit.
a) champion b) flu c) label d) diet
29. The charger is a……………piece of equipment attached with the mobile in the same package.
a) separate b) regular c) persuading d) persuasive
30. The………….system is the system in your body that protects it against illness.
a) immune b) respiratory c) digestive d) movement
31. A/An…………..is the smallest separate part of a plant or animal.
a) sell b) organ c) immune system d) cell
32. To…………….is to help someone or something to improve or get better.
a) infect b) boost c) perform d) react
33. A/An………….is a very small living thing that causes disease.
a) infection b) operation c) virus d) guidance
34. Iron is important because we need it to form new blood…………that carry oxygen around the
body.
a) beings b) cells c) bones d) races

17
as possible ‫بقدر إؤلمكان‬ Living thing ‫كائن ج‬
Exercise regularly ‫يتدرب بانتظام‬ Move closer to ‫يقتب من‬‫ر‬
get sick from ‫يصاب باؤلعياء من‬ Such as ‫مثل‬
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
in the first place ‫ف إلمقام إألول‬ at any time ‫ف أي وقت‬
Look forward to + V. ing ‫يتطلع ؤل‬ worried about ‫قلق بشأن‬
have the flu ‫يصاب باؤلنفلونزإ‬ make notes ‫يدون مالحظات‬

‫ن‬
get a cold ‫ يصاب بالتد‬have flu ‫يعان من إؤلنفلونزإ‬
make a mistake ‫ يرتكب خطأ‬sound perfect ‫يبدو ممتازإ‬
Stay calm ‫ ر‬Think fast
‫يبق هادئا‬ ‫يفكر برسعة‬

word synonym antonym

boost ‫ يدعم‬/ ‫يعزز‬ improve / enhance / support decrease / hinder
brilliant ‫ ذك‬/ ‫بارع‬ excellent / intelligent Ordinary / common
Persuasive ‫مقنع‬ Convincing unconvincing
separate ‫منفصل‬ disconnected / isolated Connected / related
Support ‫دعم‬ assistance / aid hindrance / discouragement
simple ‫بسيط‬ plain / easy complicated

Verb Noun Adjective

persuade ‫ يقنع‬persuasion ‫إقناع‬ persuasive ‫مقنع‬
behave ‫ يترصف‬behaviour ‫ ترصف‬/ ‫سلوك‬ behavioural ‫سلوك‬
Support ‫ يساند‬/ ‫ يدعم‬supporter / ‫دإعم‬ Supporting ‫ مساند‬/ ‫دإعم‬
support ‫ مساندة‬/‫دعم‬ supportive ‫دإعم‬
immunise ‫ يحصن‬Immunity ‫مناعة‬ immune ‫ مناع‬/ ‫منيع‬

18
 advertisement announcement
‫ إفتتاح مكان‬/ ‫ؤعالن عن منتج‬ ‫ ترصيـ ــح‬/ ‫ؤعالن عن خت‬

 The organisers of the concert had taken out a full page advertisement in the newspaper.
 The minister made an important announcement at a news conference.

organ member
‫ن‬
‫عضو من أعضاء إلجسم‬ )‫ فرد ف مجموعة (فريق‬/ ‫عضو‬

 The brain organisers the work of other organs in your body.

 To achieve success, everyone must work as a member of a team.

boost raise increase expand

‫ يزيد‬/ ‫يعزز‬ ‫ يرفع‬/ ‫يزيد‬ ‫ يزدإد‬/ ‫يزيد‬ ‫ يتمدد‬/ ‫ يتسع‬/ ‫يوسع‬
‫إألرباح أو إلمبيعات‬ ‫ إلمستويات‬/ ‫إإلسعار‬ ‫عدد أو كمية أو درجة‬

 Oil exports boosted the economy.

 The bank has raised interest rates for the third time this year.
 We need to increase the number of police officers on the streets.
 Metals expand when they are heated.

champion hero
‫بطل ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫رياض‬ ‫ فيلم‬/ ‫ قصة‬/ ‫بطل ف إلمجتمع‬

 Mohamed Salah is an Egyptian champion who won many prizes in England.

 My dad is my real hero.

19
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:
1. The skin is the boy's largest………………
a) member b) organ c) piece d) place
2. Eating vegetables and fruit can enhance………………
a) immune b) mane c) immunity d) mine
3. You must cover your mouth when you……………….
a) smile b) cough c) cry d) run
4. Factories and building companies must provide safety equipment and…… sure it is used.
a) do b) make c) design d) devise
5. The research for the Coronavirus vaccine is done in………..with the University of Oxford.
a) collaborate b) collaboration c) collaborative d) elaboration
6. All charitable organisations count on the.............of people to help the poor.
a) support b) risk c) neglect d) disagreement
7. The patient's white blood....................count is low, so she needs immediate treatment.
a) organ b) clue c) cell d) atom
8. The mother was embarrassed because her children…………………very badly in the party.
a) treated b) behaved c) punished d) rewarded
9. The two big cities, Cairo and Giza, are......................by the River Nile.
a) united b) separated c) damaged d) planned
10. The injured man was…….. on his back.
a) laying b) lying c) allowing d) allaying
11. This advertisement will help boost the sales . Boost here is the synonym of ………..
a) promote b) fail c) increase d) a & b
12. Try to keep away from direct sunlight…………….much as possible.
a) by b) for c) as d) like
13. She looks forward…………..Paris for the first time.
a) to visiting b) visit c) to visit d) visited
14. If you go on staying…………..late, you will fall ill.
a) down b) forward c) up d) up on
15. Don't…………….to others. people always appreciate those who tell the truth.
a) lay b) lain c) lie d) laid
16. The police officers found no……….evidence of illegal activity in the fire.
a) affecting b) defective c) persuasive d) moving
17. Mona read the whole research and……………notes of the main points.
a) did b) made c) performed d) acted

20
 Read Mahmoud's email to Fares
Hi Fares,
How are you?
It's great that some of your friends are going to take a first aid course
next week! I really think you should join them because everyone has to
know how to do first aid. You never know when someone you know will
inquire themselves and you'll have to help them. You would want other
people to help you too, right?
I'm sure you would be great at doing first aid because you can think
fast and you know how to stay calm in difficult situations. You don't have to become an expert,
just learn enough so you can help someone until the emergency services arrive. The two–day
course your friends want to do sounds perfect.
Talk to you soon!
Mahmoud

The Immune System

Our organs are the parts of our bodies that help us to do things, like the
brain that thinks, or the heart that sends blood around our bodies. The
immune system comes from the cells and organs that work together to
protect us from diseases.
The immune system does this by destroying things that get into our
bodies like viruses. A virus is a very, very small thing that causes a
disease. The disease could be something ordinary like the kind of cold we
all get sometimes, or it could be something serious like the COVID–19,
which first appeared at the end of 2019.
When a virus gets into a part of the body, a message is sent to the
immune system. Then the immune system reacts by sending cells to find the virus. Cells are the
smallest, separate living things in our bodies and they are small enough to fight against a disease.
Some people's immune systems work better than other people's. We all want our immune systems
to be strong so we can stay healthy, so what can we do to help?
We can boost our immune system by eating a lot of fruit and vegetables, especially vegetables
with green leaves. We also need to exercise regularly. We don't have to run 50 kilometres every
day, but we need to be as active as possible. We also need to make sure that we get enough sleep.
For most people that means at least seven hours every night. Finally, we must do things like
washing our hands regularly, which will help us to avoid getting a virus or an infection in the first
place.
We also need to do things like covering our mouths when we cough to stop other people getting
an infection or virus.

21
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:
1. Wait a minute, Ali. You…………take a taxi. I will give you a lift.
a) have to b) mustn't c) don't have to d) must
2. You………..see a doctor. You look very ill.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't d) don't have to
3. You…………..take an umbrella if you are going to Egypt. It doesn't often rain there.
a) have b) don't need to c) must d) need to
4. You ………take that book back to the library yet. You can keep it for another week.
a) must b) don't have to c) need to d) mustn't
5. You…………speak so loudly. We are in the library.
a) need to b) mustn't c) needn't d) don't have to
6. When you arrive in another country, you…………..show your passport.
a) mustn't b) should c) have to d) don't need to
7. What do I…………..do to get a driving license?
a) must b) have to c) will have to d) have got to
8. Does he………………bring the money with him ?
a) have to b) need c) ought to d) have got to
9. You………..help me if you don't have time. I can do it myself.
a) don't have to b) hasn’t got to c) have to d) mustn't
10. Hurry up, Ahmed. We………………..be late.
a) didn't have to b) mustn't c) haven’t got to d) needn't
11. He………..tell me again. I can remember everything he said.
a) doesn't have to b) haven’t got to c) mustn't d) needn't to
12. Nada……………….buy a new tablet. Her old one is still very good.
a) mustn't b) don't need to c) hasn't got d) doesn't have to
13. My aunt was in hospital. I…………..visit her yesterday.
a) had got to b) needn't c) must d) had to
14. I've warned you before. You………….play football in the street.
a) don't have to b) needn't c) mustn't d) don't need to
15. Ahmed can't come out with us this evening. He………….work.
a) need b) has to c) need to d) should
16. He hasn't been asked to do more jobs, so I think he……………..to.
a) don't have b) haven’t got c) don't need d) hasn't got
17. I'm sorry. You…………bring your pet into school.
a) haven’t b) mustn't c) don't have to d) needn't

22
18. It's a secret, OK? You………..……tell anyone else.
a) must b) mustn't c) have to d) don't have to
19. You aren't allowed to stop here. You………………do that.
a) don't have to b) needn't c) mustn't d) haven't got to
20. I'm not deaf. You………………….shout.
a) are not permitted b) are prohibited c) aren't allowed d) don't have to
21. In most parks , you……………walk on the grass.
a) needn't to b) aren't allowed to c) don't have d) haven't got
22. If you came to Britain, you……….visit us. We'd love to see you.
a) would b) must c) need d) ought
23. He had to come early because it……………….necessary.
a) is b) was c) will be d) had
24. I…………….be at work at 9 a.m. or my boss will be furious.
a) should have b) must c) need d) have to
25. I…………….phone my friend this evening. I promised him I would.
a) need b) have to c) should have d) must
26. You…………….buy a pen. I can lend you one.
a) don't have b) needn't c) don't need d) haven't to
27. We…………..forget that tourism is very important for Egypt.
a) haven't got to b) mustn't c) should d) have to
28. You……………..any more salt to the food. Now, we can't eat it.
a) needn't have added b) should add c) need to add d) didn't have to add
29. We…………….give our homework to the teacher until next week. We still have time.
a) mustn't b) don't have to c) should d) need to
30. According to my promise, I............remember to phone my brother Ahmed tonight.
a) don't have to b) must c) mustn't d) have got
31. It's a holiday today, so we………….go to school. However, the school library is open.
a) don't have to b) mustn't c) have got to d) have to
32. You can't turn right here. You………to turn left.
a) must b) have c) has got d) should
33. If you got Egypt, you…………forget to go to the Pyramids. They are great.
a) don't have to b) needn't c) don't need to d) mustn't
34. You…………be noisy. Dad is trying to listen to important news.
a) needn't b) don't have to c) mustn't d) haven't got to
35. She's really a nice person. You………………meet her.
a) must b) have to c) have got to d) need
36. If you want to be a professional player, you…………….practise every day.
a) mustn't b) don't have to c) had to d) have to

23
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:
1. The human brain is an incredibly complicated …………….
a) organism b) organic c) member d) organ
2. Wise people try to keep their professional life completely ………….. from their private life.
a) united b) separate c) attached d) linked
3. The new ………..… Ola is trying seems to be working; she lost three pounds last week.
a) feed b) food c) bite d) diet
4. I was walking down the street when, all of a …………, it started raining.
a) sudden b) suddenly c) sadden d) sadness
5. The local authority is working in ………….. with the police to reduce car crime.
a) invention b) invitation c) sensation d) collaboration
6. The footballer ………………..….. career was cut short by a leg injury.
a) athlete b) athletics c) athletic d) poetic
7. My thumb is ……………..; I must have accidentally cut myself.
a) feeding b) vomiting c) bleeding d) swallowing
8. Some people think that crying is a ……………. of weakness.
a) signal b) sign c) design d) resign
9. Messi is a great ……………, a true inspiration to her team members.
a) criminal b) athletics c) athletic d) athlete
10. The boys denied any ………….. for the damage to the TV.
a) response b) responsibility c) responsible d) irresponsible
11. The lifeguard pulled the little child out of the swimming pool and began…………
a) etc b) VIP c) CPR d) CV
12. This illness is caused by bacteria not a ……………?
a) virus b) versus c) minus d) plus
13. After taking vaccinations, children develop ……………. to a disease.
a) immune b) immunity c) immunize d) unity
14. I'm sorry you are sick and I hope you …………. better soon.
a) made b) did c) stay d) get
15. After the final match, the winning team captain held the ………. In the air.
a) virus b) knife c) trophy d) atrophy
16. The pills might have helped him, if only he'd taken them …………...
a) regularly b) regular c) irregular d) regularity
17. He called me bad names. I tried to stay …………. and just ignore him.
a) angry b) calm c) palm d) calmness

24
18. Shady had huge ………………. because he used to go to the gym.
a) hearts b) ears c) muscles d) bones
19. You …………… tired. I think it's better for you to get some rest.
a) found b) pound c) sound d) voice
20. During flu season, it's important to keep your immune ………… strong to avoid getting sick.
a) link b) link c) organization d) stem
21. Tarek …… get the bus to the park. My father can take him in our car.
a) mustn't b) needn't to c) doesn't have to d) have to
22. At an airport, what do you ….. show before you can leave the country?
a) must b) had to c) have to d) has to
23. you …………. to show your passport when you leave the country.
a) must b) have c) had d) needn't
24. Before our next English lesson, what must we ……. For homework?
a) does b) done c) did d) do
25. What do you …….. do at school every day? What mustn't you do?
a) have to b) has to c) must d) had to
26. Ali …………brought food. We already have a lot.
a) needn't have b) must not have c) must have d) should have
27. They …………….leave the school yesterday after they heard the fire bell.
a) had to b) have to c) has to d) must
28. The students ……….written all those notes. All the information is typed for them.
a) didn't have to b) mustn't c) didn't need to d) needn't have
29. In school last week, why …………..you have to do P.E?
a) didn't b) won't c) don't d) mustn't
30. I ………..forget to email my cousin today. It's his birthday.
a) mustn't b) needn't c) ought not to d) shouldn't
31. When you go to Alexandria, you ……. visit the library. It's amazing.
a) have to b) must c) will d) need
32. we've moved to a new house, so you ……………come round and see it.
a) mustn't b) has to c) must d) have to
33. we ….. pass our exams to get into university.
a) must have b) mustn't c) don't have to d) have to
34. Sorry, I …………….. go now. I don't want to be late.
a) must b) have to c) needn't d) didn't have to
35. At our school, we …………….. wear a uniform.
a) don't need b) has got to c) must d) have to

25
 ‫‪How to write an email‬‬
‫لكتابة إيميل صحيح يجب عليك إتباع بعض إلخطوإت ‪:‬‬
‫( إإليميل مثل إلمقال ولكن هناك بعض إؤلضافات)‬
‫❶ بيانات إلرإسل وإلمرسل ؤلية‬
‫❷ إلمقدمة ( ‪: ) introduction‬‬
‫‪ How are you ? I hope you are fine and your family.‬‬
‫❸ إلموضوع (إلجزء إلرئيش) (‪: )body‬‬
‫إلبد من تقسيم إلموضوع لعدد من إألفكار‪.‬‬
‫ن‬
‫تحدث عن كل فكرة ف فقرة مستقلة‪.‬‬
‫إستخدم جمل بسيطة ووإضحة‪.‬‬
‫يمكنك إستخدإم هذه إلروإبط للربط ن‬
‫بي إلجمل‬
‫‪on one hand‬‬ ‫‪ one the other hand‬من ناحية‬ ‫من ناحية أخري‬
‫‪in addition to that‬‬ ‫‪ moreover‬باؤلضافة ؤل ذلك‬ ‫عالوة عل ذلك‬
‫‪hence‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫‪ at the same time‬ومن ثم‬ ‫ف نفس إلوقت‬
‫‪and as a result of this,‬‬ ‫‪ more than that‬ونتيجة لذلك‬ ‫ر‬
‫إكت من ذلك‬
‫‪over and above‬‬ ‫‪ consequently‬مضافا ؤل ذلك‬ ‫نتيجة لذلك‬
‫‪there is no doubt that‬‬ ‫‪ last but not least‬مما إل شك فيه‬ ‫وأختإ وليس أخرإ‬
‫‪as far as i am concerned‬‬ ‫‪ another thing is that‬كما أرإي‬ ‫ىسء أخر هو إن‬
‫إلجملة إلتالية يمكن إن توضع وسط إلموضوع لربط إلمقدمة بالموضوع إلرئيش وه تناسب جميع إلموضوعات‪.‬‬
‫‪ In addition to what I have written about …………before, I can add that……..‬‬
‫❹ خاتمة إلمقال نفسة (‪: )conclusion‬‬
‫هذه إلخاتمة تنفع لموضوع ؤيجان أو سلب‬
‫‪ From what we have mentioned above we can say that due attention must be paid to this‬‬
‫‪matter and never be neglected as it is very important (serious).‬‬
‫مما ذإكرنه إعل يمكننا إلقول إن يجب إن نول إهتمامنا و نوجهه نحو هذإ إلموضوع و إل نتجاهله لما له من‬
‫أهمية (خطورة)‪.‬‬

‫❺ خاتمة إإليميل (‪: )Conclusion for email‬‬

‫‪ I'm looking forward to your positive reply.‬‬
‫❻ إسم إلرإسل‬

‫‪26‬‬
Write an email of about (180) words:
to your friend Ahmed to persuade him to learn how to perform first aid. your name is Osama and
your email address is Osama@gmail.com. Your friend email address is Ahmed @gmail.com.
From : Osama@gmail.com
To : Ahmed @gmail.com
Dear Ahmed,
How are you ? I hope you are your best. I have heard they are starting a course in the local
hospital to teach the citizens in the neighbourhood how to do first aid. I write this email to you
to try to persuade you to join the course with me.
Perhaps you know it is great to learn a new skill that is very useful I really think you should
join the course. First of all, I would like to tell you why it is important to learn how to perform
first aid.
Everyone has to learn this skill because they may need it one day. You never know when an
accident happens. When accidents happen. there are people who are badly injured. Some of
them may not be able to breathe. What would you do then?
Perhaps you would say that you would call the emergency service, right? Of course, you must
call the emergency services. But what if the nearest emergency service centre is far away? What
would you do then? Would you stand there doing nothing for the people that were dying
because you could not help?
I'm sure you would to help. However, you can't help unless you know how to help. Performing
first aid needs special skills you should learn. The first aid course is a golden chance you
should never miss. By the way, the course is free. I hope very much that you would agree to join
the course with me.
I'm looking forward to your positive reply.
Yours,
Osama

27
Write an email of about (180) words:
to your friend Ali tell him how to protect the environment. your name is Hani and your email
address is Hani @gmail.com. Your friend email address is Ali @gmail.com.
From :
To :
…………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….

28
 ‫ن‬
act ‫فصل ف مرسحية‬ scene ‫مشهد‬
foolish ‫ غب‬/ ‫أحمق‬ king ‫ملك‬
sword ‫سيف‬ kingdom ‫مملكة‬
terrible ‫فظيع‬ Duke ‫ حاكم‬/ ‫دوق‬
kill ‫يقتل‬ young man ‫شاب‬
lady ‫سيدة‬ pleased ‫مرسور‬
expect ‫يتوقع‬ pleasure ‫ شور‬/ ‫سعادة‬
promise ‫يوعد‬ daughter ‫إبنة‬
hate ‫يكره‬ answer ‫ يجيب‬/ ‫يرد‬
map ‫خريطة‬ suddenly ‫فجأة‬
believe ‫ يؤمن‬/ ‫يعتقد‬ queen ‫ملكة‬
rich ‫ن‬
‫غب‬ riches ‫ أشياء ثمينة‬/ ‫ثروإت‬
land ‫ يهبط‬/ ‫أرض‬ forest ‫غابة‬
look after ‫ن‬
‫يعتب بـ ـ ـ‬ countryside ‫إلريف‬
wife ‫زوجة‬ divide…into ‫يقسم ؤل‬
husband ‫زوج‬ describe ‫يصف‬
duty ‫ مهمة‬/ ‫وإجب‬ marry ‫يتوج‬‫رن‬
cruel ‫قاىس‬ honest ‫ن‬
‫ صادق‬/ ‫أمي‬
Strange (adj) ‫ غريب‬/ ‫أجنب‬ Stranger (n) ‫شخص غريب‬
give….away ‫ يهدي‬/ ‫يمنح‬ power ‫سلطة‬

❶ King lear : The King of Britain

❷ Goneril : King Lear's eldest daughter
❸ Regan : King Lear's second daughter
❹ Cordelia : King Lear's youngest daughter
❺ King of France : He wants to marry Cordelia
❻ Duke of Burgundy : He also wants to marry Cordelia
❼ Duke of Albany : Goneril's husband

29
❽ Duke of Cornwall : Regan's husband
❾ Duke of Kent : A good friend of King Lear
⓫ Duke of Gloucester : A good friend of King Lear
⓬Edgar : Gloucester's eldest son
⓭Edmund : Gloucester's youngest son
⓮Fool : Lear's clown
⓯Oswald : A servant
⓰Old man : A man who helps Gloucester
⓱Gentelman : A friend of Kent
⓲Captain : One of Edmund's soldiers
⓳Doctor Herald

[In King Lear’s Palace.]

(DUKE OF) GLOUCESTER: Ah, the Duke of Kent! Hello, my friend. Have you met my son, Edmund?
(DUKE OF) KENT: I haven’t, Kent. He’s a fine young man. You must be proud of him.
GLOUCESTER: I’m very proud of him.
EDMUND: I’m pleased to meet you, sir.
GLOUCESTER: Edmund is my second child. I also have another son, Edgar, who is about a year
older than Edmund.
EDMUND: Listen! The King is coming.
[King Lear enters with Cornwall and Albany and his three daughters, Regan, Goneril and Cordelia.
Gloucester and Edmund leave.]
.‫ إلمشهد إألول‬, ‫إلفصل إألول‬
‫ن‬
)‫(ف قرص إلملك لت‬
‫إبب ؤدموند؟‬ ‫ر‬
‫ هل قابلت ن‬.‫صديق‬ ‫ دوق كينت! مرحبا‬, ‫ إه‬:‫غلوست‬‫ر‬ )‫(دوق‬
.‫ يجب إن تكون فخورإ به‬.‫ ؤنة شاب جيد‬.‫ كينت‬,‫ لم أفعل‬: ‫(دوق) كينت‬
‫ر‬
.‫ إنا فخور جدإ به‬: ‫غلوست‬
.‫إلتق بك ياسيدي‬ ‫ن‬
‫يسعدن أن ر‬ : ‫ؤدموند‬
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
.‫ إكت من ؤدموند بحوإل عام‬, ‫ ؤدغار‬,‫ لدي أيضا إبن إخر‬.‫ ؤدموند هو إبب إلثان‬: ‫غلوست‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ إسمع! إلملك قادم‬: ‫ؤدموند‬
‫ر‬ ‫ن‬
. )‫ غادر غلوست و ؤدموند‬.‫( يدخل إلملك لت مع كورنوإل وألبان وبناته إلثالث ريجان و جونتيل و كورديليا‬
KING LEAR: Listen, everyone. I want to tell you all about my plan. I‟ve decided to give everything
in my kingdom to my three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia.
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ئ ن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ إريد إن إقول لكم كل ئ‬.‫ إلجميع‬,‫ إسمعوإ‬:‫لت إلملك‬
,‫مملكب لبنان إلثالث‬ ‫ىس ف‬ ‫ لقد قررت أن أعط كل‬.‫خطب‬ ‫ىس عن‬
.‫جونريل و ريحان و كورديليا‬
I will also give an answer to the King of France and the Duke of Burgundy. They have both asked
to marry my youngest daughter, Cordelia. First, look at this map of my kingdom. I have divided it
into three.

30
 ‫ أنظر ؤل‬,‫ أوإل‬.‫بنب إلصغري كورديليا‬ ‫ لقد طلب كالهما إلزوإج من إ ر‬.‫سأقدم أيضا ؤجابة لملك فرنسا ودوق بورغوندي‬
.‫ لقد قسمتها ؤل ثالثة‬.‫مملكب هذه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫خريطة‬
I want to give the largest part to the daughter who loves me the most.
So tell me, my daughters, which of you loves me the most? Goneril, you are the eldest, so you
can speak first.
GONERIL: Father, I love you more than anything. No child can love a father more than I love you.
I love you more than health, beauty and riches.
‫يحبب ر‬
‫ن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫تحبب ر‬
‫ إخت ن‬.‫أكت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أريد إن أعط إلجزء إألكت لإلبنة ر‬
‫ لذإ‬, ‫ أنت إألكت‬, ‫أكت؟ جونريل‬ ‫ من منكم‬,‫يب يا بنان‬ ‫إلب‬
.‫يمكنك إلتحدث أوإل‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ أحبك أكت من إلصحة‬.‫ إل يمكن ألي طفل أن يحب إألب أكت مما أحبك‬.‫ أحبك أكت من أي ىسء أخر‬, ‫ أن‬: ‫جونريل‬
‫وإلجمال ر‬
.‫وإلتإء‬
CORDELIA: [To herself.] I love my father, but I don't know what to say!
KING LEAR: [Pointing to the map.] Goneril, you can have all this land, with its green forests and
beautiful countryside. Now, Regan, wife of Cornwall. What does
my second daughter want to say?
REGAN: Father, Goneril has described her love for you very well. But I have more to say. Your
love is the only thing that makes me happy. I love nobody as much
as you.
‫ ن‬,‫ (لنفسها) أحب وإلدي‬:‫كورديليا‬
!‫لكب إل أعرف ماذإ إقول‬
‫ن‬
.‫إلخرصإء وريفها إلجميل‬ ‫ يمكنك إلحصول عل كل هذة إإلرض بغاباتها‬, ‫ ( إإلشارى إل إلخريطة) جونريل‬: ‫إلملك لت‬
.‫ زوجة كورنورإل‬, ‫ ريحان‬, ‫إألن‬
‫إبنب إلثانية إن تقول؟‬‫ماذإ تريد ر‬
‫ن‬
‫يجعلب‬ ‫ئ‬
‫إلش إلوحيد إلذي‬ ‫ حبك هو‬.‫ لكن لدي إلمزيد ألقولة‬.‫ وصفت جونريل حبها لك جيدإ جدإ‬, ‫ أن‬: ‫ريجان‬
.‫ إل أحب إحدإ مثلك‬.‫سعيدة‬
CORDELIA: [To herself.] What can I say? I don't have the words to say how much I love my
father.
KING LEAR: Thank you Regan. I will give a third of our beautiful kingdom to you and your
children.
[To Cordelia.] Now, Cordelia, my youngest daughter.
What can you say to make me give you more than I gave to your sisters?
.‫يمكنب أن أقول؟ ليس لدي إلكلمات ألقول كم أحب وإلدي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ (لنفسها) ماذإ‬: ‫كورديليا‬
.‫ سأعطيك ثلث مملكتنا إلجميلة وأطفالك‬.‫ شكرإ لك ريجان‬:‫إلملك لت‬
‫ر‬
‫لتجعلب أعطيك أكت مما أعطيك ألخوتك؟‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ماذإ يمكنك أن تقول‬.‫إبنب إلصغري‬‫ ر‬, ‫ كورديليا‬, ‫( ؤل كورديليا) إإلن‬
CORDELIA: I can say nothing, father.
KING LEAR: Nothing? Cordelia, if you say nothing, I will give you nothing. Speak again.
CORDELIA: I cannot put my feelings into words. I love you as a daughter should love a father;
but not more, and not less.

31
KING LEAR: But this is not kind, Cordelia. Change your speech a little, or your future will change,
too.
.‫ إل إستطيع أن إقول شيئا يا أن‬: ‫كورديليا‬
.‫ تكلم مرة أخري‬.‫ لن إعطيك شيئا‬, ‫ ؤذإ لم تقول شيئا‬, ‫ىس؟ كورديليا‬‫ إل ئ‬: ‫إلملك لت‬
‫ر‬ ‫ن‬
. ‫ لكن ليس أكت وإل أقل‬,‫ أنا أحبك كما يجب أن تحب إإلبنة إإلب‬.‫يمكنب إلتعبت عن مشاعري ف كلمات‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ إل‬: ‫كورديليا‬
.‫ أو سيتغت مستقبلك إيضا‬, ‫ غت حديثك قليال‬.‫ كورديليا‬, ‫ لكن هذإ ليس لطيفا‬: ‫إلملك لت‬
CORDELIA: You have always been a good father and it is my duty to love you too. But my sisters
say they only love you. How can this be true? Do they not love their husbands, too?
If I marry, I will love my husband as much as my father.
KING LEAR: Cordelia. Do you really mean this? Can you be so young but also so cruel?
‫ر‬
‫ كيف يمكن أن‬.‫ لكن إخوإن قلن ؤنهن فقط يحبكن‬.‫ لقد كنت دإئما أبا صالحا ومن وإجب أن أحبك أيضا‬:‫كورديليا‬
.‫ سأحب زوج بقدر ما أحب وإلدي‬, ‫يكون هذإ صحيحا؟ هل إل يحبون أزوإجهن أيضا؟ ؤذإ تزوجت‬
‫ن‬
‫ ولكن أيضا قاسية جدإ؟‬.‫ كورديليا هل تقصدين هذإ حقا ؟ هل يمكن أن تكون صغتة جدإ‬:‫إلملك لت‬

CORDELIA: Father, I am young but I am honest.

KING LEAR: Then you are not my daughter any more. You are now a stranger to me. I don't know
you.
KENT: But your majesty …
KING LEAR: Be quiet, Kent! I loved Cordelia, and I wanted her to look after me when I was old.
Now she must go! But first, call the King of France and the Duke of Burgundy! While we wait for
them, listen to what I say:
Goneril and her husband Albany, and Regan with her husband Cornwall, will have half of my
kingdom each. They will have all the power and riches that come with being a king. All I want is
to keep the title of King, but they will have everything else.
‫ن‬
.‫ولكب صادقة‬ ‫ أن أنا صغتة‬: ‫كورديليا‬
.‫ إنا إل إعرفك‬. ‫عب‬‫ أنت إإلن غريبة ن‬.‫إبنب بعد إإلن‬
‫ ؤذن أنت لست ر‬: ‫إلملك لت‬
............‫ لكن جاللتك‬: ‫كينت‬
,‫ إإلن يجب أن تذهب! لكن أوإل‬.‫تعتب ن عندما كتت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ كينت! أحببت كورديليا وأردتها أن‬, ‫ كن هادئا‬: ‫إلملك لت‬
‫ن‬
‫ ستحصل جونريل وزوجها ألبان و ريحان‬:‫ إستمع إل ما أقول‬, ‫إتصل بملك فرنسا دوق (بورغندي)! بينما ننتظرهم‬
‫ر ر‬ ‫ سيكون لديهم كل إلقوة ر‬.‫وزوجها كورنوإل عل نصف ما لدي من إلمملكة لكل منها‬
‫إلب تأن مع كونهم‬ ‫وإلتوإت‬
‫ لكنهم سيفعلون كل ئ‬,‫ كل ما أريدة هو إإلحتفاظ بلقب إلملك‬.‫ملكا‬
.‫ىس أخر‬
KENT: Your majesty, what do you mean? I must speak honestly when my King is being foolish.
Your youngest daughter does not shout about her love for you, but that doesn‟t mean she loves
you the least. You mustn't give your country away like this.
KING LEAR: Say nothing more to me, Kent!
KENT: I am not afraid to make you angry if it will help to protect you.
KING LEAR: Then you must go away too! Leave!
KENT: Let me stay and give you good advice, King Lear. You must learn to see better.

32
KING LEAR: Oh, you are a cruel man! [He puts his hand on his sword.]
(DUKE OF) CORNWALL: Your majesty, please stop!
‫ إبنتك إلصغري إل ترصخ‬.‫ صاحب إلجاللة ماذإ تقصد؟ يجب أن أتحدث بصدق عندما يكون إلملك أحمق‬:‫كينت‬
.‫ يجب أإل تتخل عن بلدك بهذة إلطريقة‬.‫يعب أنها تحبك قليال‬ ‫ لكن هذإ إل ن‬,‫بحبها لك‬
‫ إل تقل شيئا ر‬:‫إلملك لت‬
!‫ كينت‬, ‫إكت‬
.‫ إل إخش أن أغضبك ؤذإ كان ذلك سيساعد عل حمايتك‬: ‫كينت‬
! ‫ ؤذن عليك أن تذهب بعيدإ أيضا ! غادر‬: ‫إلملك لت‬
‫ر‬
.‫ يجب عليك أن تتعلم لتي بشكل أفضل‬.‫ ياإيها إلملك لت‬, ‫أبق وأعطيك نصيحة جيدة‬ ‫دعب ر‬
‫ ن‬: ‫كينت‬
) ‫ أنت رجل قاس ! ( يضع يدة عل سيفة‬, ‫ أوه‬:‫إلملك لت‬
! ‫ من فضلك توقف‬, ‫ جاللة إلملك‬: ‫(دوق) كورنوإل‬
KENT: I'll say it again, King Lear. You've done a terrible thing.
KING LEAR: Kent! You've got five days to leave my
kingdom, or you'll be killed. Go!
.‫ لقد فعلت شيئا فظيعا‬: ‫ ياإيها إلملك لت‬, ‫ سأقولها مرة أخري‬: ‫كينت‬
‫ر‬
!‫ إذهب‬. ‫ وإإل ستقتل‬, ‫مملكب‬ ‫ كينت ! لديك خمسة أيام لمغادرة‬: ‫إلملك لت‬
KENT: Then I'll say goodbye to you, my dear King. [To Cordelia.] I hope you stay safe, young
lady, because you were honest. And now I say goodbye to all of you; I shall live my life in a new
country.
[Gloucester enters with the King of France, the Duke of Burgundy and his men.]
.‫ ألنك كنت ضيحة‬, ‫ أيتها إلشابة‬, ‫ ( ؤل كورديليا) أمل أن تظل أمنة‬.‫ عزيزي إلملك‬,‫ إذن سأقول ودإعا لك‬: ‫كينت‬
.‫حيان نف بلد جديد‬
‫ر‬
‫ سأعيش‬.‫وإإلن أقول لكم ودإعا لكم جميعا‬
‫ر‬
) ,‫ دوق بورغندي ورجالة‬, ‫غلوست مع ملك فرنسا‬ ‫(يدخل‬
(the Duke of Burgundy and his men.)
GLOUCESTER: Here are the King of France and the Duke of Burgundy, your majesty.
KING LEAR: Burgundy, I will speak to you first. What do you expect to have if you marry my
daughter Cordelia?
(DUKE OF) BURGUNDY: Your majesty, I only expect to have what you promised me.
. ‫ صاحب إلجاللة‬, ‫ ؤليكم ملك فرنسا و دوق بورغندي‬: ‫غلوست‬‫ر‬
‫ ماذإ تتوقع لو تزوجت ر‬. ‫ سأتحدث ؤليكم أوإل‬, ‫ بورجوندي‬: ‫إلملك لت‬
‫إبنب كورديليا ؟‬
‫ن‬
.‫وعدتب به‬ ‫ أتوقع فقط أن إحصل عل ما‬, ‫ صاحب إلجاللة‬: ‫(دوق إوف ) بتجندي‬
KING LEAR: I am sorry, but things have changed. Sir, there she is. You can marry her.
BURGUNDY: I don't understand.
KING LEAR: You'll get my daughter and nothing more. Take her, or leave her. It's your choice.
BURGUNDY: I'm sorry, sir. I cannot marry her without some of your land.
KING LEAR: Then leave her, sir.
CORDELIA: Goodbye, Burgundy! I see now that you love things more than you love me, so I shall
not be your wife.

33
 ‫‪KING LEAR: [To the King of France.] So, the great King of France, I don't want you to marry‬‬
‫‪someone I hate; so I suggest you give your love to a better girl.‬‬
‫إلملك لت ‪ :‬أنا أسف ‪ ,‬لكن إألمور تغتت‪ .‬سيدي ‪ ,‬ها ه ‪ .‬يمكنك إلزوإج منها‪.‬‬
‫بتجندي ‪ :‬إل أفهم‪.‬‬
‫أكت من ذلك‪ .‬خذها أو إتركها‪ .‬ؤنة إختيارك‪.‬‬ ‫ىس ر‬ ‫إلملك لت ‪ :‬ستحصل عل ر‬
‫إبنب وإل ئ‬
‫بورجوندي ‪ :‬أن أسف سيدي‪ .‬إل إستطيع إلزوإج منها بدون جزء من أرضك‪.‬‬
‫إلملك لت ‪ :‬ؤذن إتركها ‪ ,‬سيدي‪.‬‬
‫تحبب ‪ ,‬لذلك لن أكون زوجتك‪.‬‬‫ن‬ ‫ر‬
‫كورديليا ‪ :‬ودإعا ‪ ,‬بورجوندي ! أري إإلن أنك تحب إألشياء أكت مما‬
‫ر‬
‫تتوج من شخص أكرهه‪ .‬لذإ أقتح أن تعط‬ ‫ر‬
‫إلملك لت ‪ ( :‬ؤل ملك فرنسا) لذإ ‪ ,‬ملك فرنسا إلعظيم ‪ ,‬إل أريدك أن ن‬
‫حبك لفتاه أفضل‪.‬‬
‫‪(KING OF FRANCE ): But sir, Cordelia was your favourite daughter! It is very strange that she has‬‬
‫‪suddenly lost all your love. I cannot believe that Cordelia could do anything terrible to anyone.‬‬
‫(ملك فرنسا ) ‪ :‬لكن سيدي ‪ ,‬كانت كورديليا إبنتك إلمفضلة !‬
‫ىس رهيب ألي شخص‪.‬‬ ‫من إلغريب أنها فقدت كل حبك فجأة‪ .‬إل أصدق أن كورديليا يمكن إن تفعل أي ئ‬
‫‪CORDELIA: [To King Lear.] Father, understand that I show my love in my actions, not my‬‬
‫‪words. Please tell him that I haven't done anything wrong to make you hate me.‬‬
‫!‪KING LEAR: I shall not. Go! You will have nothing from me‬‬
‫أنب أظهر حب نف أفعال ‪ ,‬وليس نف كالم‪ .‬أرجو أن تخته ن‬
‫أنب لم أرتكب أي‬ ‫كورديليا ‪ ( :‬ؤل إلملك لت) أن ‪ ,‬إفهم ن‬
‫ن‬
‫تكرهب‪.‬‬ ‫خطأ ألجعلك‬
‫ىس ن‬
‫مب !‬ ‫إلملك لت‪ :‬لن أفعل‪ .‬أذهب ! لن يكون لديك ئ‬
‫ر‬
‫زوجب‪.‬‬ ‫إكت ثرإء لكونك فقتإ وأنا أحبك ر‬
‫إكت إإلن ألنك كروه! أنا سعيد ألنك تكون‬ ‫فرنسا ‪ :‬يا كورديليا إلجميلة ‪ ,‬إنت ر‬
‫(ؤل إلملك) إبنتك ستكون ملكة بلدي‪ .‬قول ودإعا لهم كورديليا ‪ ,‬عل إلرغم من إنهم كانوإ قساة معك‪ .‬لقد فقدت‬
‫حياتك هنا‪ ,‬لكنك ستحصل عل حياة أفضل مع‪.‬‬
‫‪FRANCE: My beautiful Cordelia, you are richer for being poor and I love you more now that you‬‬
‫‪are hated! I'm happy for you to be my wife.‬‬
‫‪[To the King.] Your daughter will be queen of my country. Say goodbye to‬‬
‫‪them, Cordelia, although they've been unkind to you. You have lost your‬‬
‫‪life here, but you'll fnd a better one with me.‬‬
‫‪KING LEAR: She is yours, King of France; I'll never see her‬‬
‫‪face again. [To Cordelia.] Leave now, without my love.‬‬
‫]‪Come with me, Burgundy. [King Lear leaves with Burgundy, Cornwall, Albany, and Gloucester‬‬
‫إلملك لت ‪ :‬ؤنها ملكك ‪ ,‬ملك فرنسا ‪ ,‬لن أري وجهها مرة أخري‪( .‬ؤل كورديليا) غادري إإلن ‪ ,‬بدون حب‪ .‬تعال مع ‪,‬‬
‫ر‬
‫جلوست )‪.‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫بورجوندي‪( .‬يغادر إلملك لت مع بورجوندي و كورنوإل و ألبان و‬

‫‪34‬‬
❶ Do you think it was wise of King Lear to divide his kingdom? Why? / Why not?
‫ لما إل ؟‬/ ‫ هل تعتقد أنة كان من إلحكمة من إلملك لت تقسيم مملكتة؟ لماذإ‬-
 No, it was not wise because he would lose everything.
.‫ لم يكن من إلحكمة ألنه سيخرس كل ىسء‬, ‫ إل‬-
❷ Do you think Cordelia loved her father as much as her two sisters? Explain.
.‫ هل تعتقد أن كورديليا أحبت وإلدها بقدر ما إحبتة شقيقتها ؟ أشح‬-
 Yes, she did. Perhaps she loved him even more. She was honest. She didn’t express her love
in words, but in actions.
.‫ ولكن باألفعال‬,‫ لم تعت عن حبها بالكلمات‬.‫ كانت صادقة‬.‫أكت‬ ‫ ربما أحبتة ر‬. ‫ نعم فعلت‬-
❸ What do you think King Lear should have done if he had been wise?
‫ن‬
‫ ف رأيك ما إلذي كان يجب أن يفعلة إلملك لت لو كان حكيما؟‬-
 If he had been wise, he would have understood that Cordelia loved him the most and that his
two other daughters deceived him.
‫ن‬
.‫إألخريي خدعتاة‬ ‫ لكان قد فهم أن كورديليا أحبتة ر‬, ‫ لو كان حكيما‬-
‫إكت وأن إبنتية‬
❹ Do you think that the Duke of Burgundy really loved Cordelia? Why/ Why not?
‫ لم إل؟‬/ ‫ هل تعتقد أن دوق بورجندي إحب كورديليا حقا؟ لماذإ‬-
 No, I don’t think so. He only wanted to get her father’s money and land.
.‫ أرإد فقط إلحصول عل أموإل وإلدها وأرضة‬.‫ إل أعتقد ذلك‬, ‫ إل‬-
❺ Do you think that the King of France really loved Cordelia? Why? / Why not?
‫ لم إل؟‬/ ‫ هل تعتقد أن ملك فرنسا أحب كورديليا حقا؟ لماذإ‬-
 Yes, he did. Although King Lear wouldn’t give Cordelia anything, the King of France loved her
and wanted to marry her.
.‫ ؤإل أن ملك فرنسا أحبها وأرإد إلزوإج منها‬, ‫ عل إلرغم من إن إلملك لت لم يعط كورديليا أي ىسء‬. ‫ نعم فعل‬-
❻ A foolish person does not listen to friends’ advice. How do you think this applies to King
Lear?
‫ كيف تعتقد أن هذإ ينطبق عل إلملك لت؟‬.‫ إلشخص إألحمق إل يستمتع ؤل نصيحة إألصدقاء‬-
 When Kent tells King Lear that he has made a bad decision by not giving Cordelia part of his
kingdom, King Lear gets angry and asks his friend to leave his kingdom.
‫ غضب إلملك لت وطلب‬,‫ عندما أخت كينت إلملك لت إنة إتخذ قرإرإ سيئا بعدم ؤعطاء كورديليا جزءإ من مملكتة‬-
.‫من صديقتة مغادرة مملكتة‬
❼ Do you think Cordelia made the right decision? Why? Why not?
‫ هل تعتقد أن كورديليا إتخذت إلقرإر إلصحيح؟ لماذإ؟ لما إل؟‬-
 Yes, I think she made the right decision because she was honest with her father and didn’t try
to deceive him like her sisters.

35
 .‫ نعم إعتقد أنها إتخذت إلقرإر إلصحيح ألنها كانت صادقة مع وإلدها ولم تحاول خدإعة مثل إختيها‬-
❽ If you were King Lear, would you send Cordelia away because she didn't say how much she
loved you? Why? Why not?
‫ستسل كورديليا بعيدإ ألنها لم تقل كم إحبتك؟ لماذإ؟ لم إل؟‬ ‫ فهل ر‬,‫ ؤذإ كنت إلملك لت‬-
 No, I wouldn’t do that. A father should love all his children equally. Cordelia didn’t say
anything wrong. She was just honest with her father.
‫ئ‬
.‫خاط‬ ‫ لم تقل كورديليا أي ىسء‬.‫ يجب عل إألب أن يحب جميع أبنائة عل قدم إلمساوإة‬.‫ لن إفعل ذلك‬, ‫ إل‬-
.‫كانت صادقة مع وإلدها‬
❾ Why do you think Kent is a good friend?
‫ لماذإ تعتقد إن كينت صديق جيد ؟‬-
 He gives the King good advice. He tells the King that he has made a bad decision. He doesn’t
mind making the King angry.
.‫ لم يكن يهمة إن يغضب إلملك‬.‫ أخت إلملك أنة إتخذ قرإرإ سيئا‬.‫ أعط إلملك نصيحة جيدة‬-
❿ “You are richer for being poor and I love you more now that you are hated!” Why does the
King of France say this?
‫إكت إألن بعد إن أصبحت مكروهة! لماذإ يقول ملك فرنسا هذإ؟‬ ‫أغب لكونك فقتة وإنا إحبك ر‬‫أنت ن‬-
 He says this to show that he loves Cordelia as a person, not because of what she owns or
what people think of her.
.‫ وليس بسبب ما تملكه أو مايعتقدة إلناس عنها‬,‫ يقول هذإ ؤلظهار إنة يحب كورديليا كشخص‬-

Answer these questions:

1. Do you think Kent was a good friend? Why? Why not?
.........................................................................................................................................
2. "Let me stay and give you good advice." What good advice do you think Kent would give King
Lear?
.........................................................................................................................................
3. How do you think Kent tried hard to defend Cordelia?
.........................................................................................................................................
4. "I’ll say it again, King Lear. You've done a terrible thing." What terrible thing do you think Kent
was talking about?
.........................................................................................................................................
5. "You are richer for being poor and I love you more now that you are hated!" Why do you think
the King of France say these words?
.........................................................................................................................................

36
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:
1. If you see a fire, call the ……………………… services.
a) immigration b) frequency c) emergent d) emergency
2. Keep the hands on the chest and allow it …………….again.
a) Rise b) raise c) to rise d) to raise
3. His special ………………of scratching lines into the colour is still frequently used.
a) Technical b) technology c) technique d) technics
4. If you know how to …………..CPR , you have to do this to help the patient.
a) Make b) perform c) go on d) carry on
5. Eating vegetables with green leaves ……………..our immune system.
a) Help b) helps c) are helping d) is helping
6. You ………………shout or make noise in the classroom.
a) Don’t have b) mustn’t c) are not to d) shouldn’t have
7. The pain is of ……………..intensity and lasts anywhere from 15 to 180 minutes.
a) Severe b) severity c) saver d) savior
8. He …………………… angrily to the news of his dismissal ‫ فصل‬.
a) Reacted b) reactive c) reaction d) intact
9. A heartbeat is when the.....of the heart contract and push blood around the body.
a) Tissues b) issues c) joints d) muscles
10. It is our …………..to defend our country against enemies .
a) Work b) duty c) job d) profession
11. The queen granted him the ………of Lord due to his efforts to save his country in the war.
a) Nickname b) surname c) title d) post
12. You …….put a bandage and press it down on the area that is bleeding.
a) Might b) may c) has to d) must
13. It took me a long time to ………………. him to do the right thing.
a) Persuade b) convince c) make d) let
14. If you are in Egypt, you .......... attend my wedding.
a) must b) should c) shouldn't d) mustn't
15. 16. He has lost his business, his reputation, his good ………………his savings and his career.
a) person b) personage c) character d) characteristic
16. I couldn't find the street I wanted. I………ask somebody for directions.
a) must b) should c) had to d) has to

37
2. Read the following passage then answer the questions:
Many people in our society don’t have the minimal knowledge of awareness of health care.
This is a great problem because they can't bear the responsibility to stay healthy and aren't
able to help their family members in the time of crises, either. So, It's the role of aware people
to persuade them to start learning about such issues, like boosting their immune system.
Some people's immune system work better than other people's. We all want our immune
system to be strong so we can stay healthy. We can boost our immune system by eating a lot
of fruit and vegetables with green leaves.
Fitness and health seem to be the same for everyone, but they have two different
meanings. Fitness is the physical ability to perform work, sports, etc. while health is a
condition in which the body should have resistance capacity from all illnesses and all parts of
the body should work well without any problem. Your body should possess both fitness as
well as health.
Health can be maintained by a proper diet, exercise and hygiene in which we must wash
our hands before meals. To keep your body healthy, you need to do proper exercise. Usually,
Sportspeople have a fit body. They shape their body in such a way that it will be fit for their
sport. But coming to healthy body is just a matter of controlling weight and making your body
immune to diseases.
For a healthy and fit body walking is very good exercise which helps in burning the excess
fat in your body. A fit body doesn’t mean that it should look good from outside.
A fit and healthy body should be physically active and energetic and smart enough to accept
any tasks given to them.
Due to more demand for a fit and healthy body, many gyms and workout centres are
opened. To maintain a healthy and fit body, This requires self-control and well determination.
Many factors can divert us from achieving our goal of having a fit and healthy body. But try to
focus on it as we all know that "Health is wealth".
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1. Burning the excess fat makes us…………………… .
a) enormous b) svelte c) colossal d) very big
2. The underlined word "maintain" means………………….. .
a) keep b) waste c) converse d) spend
3. Washing your hands before meals is a form of ………………………. .
a) sanitation b) hygiene c) personality d) energy
4. The underlined word" crises" means …………………………. .
a) serious problems b) something pleasing c) something great d) something funny
5. The awareness of health care is ……………………. .
a) recognizing its b) neglecting its c) ignoring its d) forgetting its
importance importance importance importance

38
 6. How can people maintain fit and healthy bodies?
a) By eating healthy b) By doing c) By doing sports d) All of them
food exercises
7. Many gyms and workout centres are opened because of…………………. .
a) The low demand for b) The little demand c) The decreasing d) The increasing
a fit and healthy body. for a fit and healthy demand for a fit and demand for a fit and
body. healthy body. healthy body.
3. Choose the best Arabic translation:
❶ During the coronavirus crisis, online education has become the only way for the students to
complete their education.
.‫❶ أثناء أزمة فتس كورونا أصبح إلتعليم عت إلنت إلطريقة إلوحيدة للطالب إلستكمال تعليمهم‬
.‫❷ أثناء مشكله فتس كورونا أصبح إلتعليم عت إلنت إلطريقة إلوحيدة للطالب إلستكمال تعليمهم‬
.‫❸ أثناء أزمة فتس كورونا أصبح إلتعليم نف إلنت إلطريقة إلوحيدة للطالب إلستكمال تعليمهم‬
.‫❹ أثناء أزمة فتس كورونا أصبح إلتعليم عت إلنت إلطريقة إلوحيدة للطالب إلستكمال إلتعليم‬
Choose the best English translation:
‫ فهذه إإلستثمارإت‬.‫❶ تهدف إلحكومة إلمرصية ؤل جذب إإلستثمارإت إلعربية وإألجنبية لدعم إقتصادنا إلقوم‬
.‫تشجع عل خلق صناعات جديدة‬
❶ The Egypt government aim to attract Arab and foreign investment to support our national
economy. They encourage the establishment of new industries.
❷ The Egyptian government aims to attract Arab and foreign investments to support our
national economy. They encourage the establishment of new industries.
❸ The Egyptian government aim to attach Arab and foreign investments to support our
national economy. They encourage the establishment of new industries.
❹ The Egyptian government aim to attach Arab and foreign investment to support our local
economy. They encourage the establishment of new industries.
(4) The novel: answer the following questions:
1. Do you think Kent was a good friend? Why? Why not?………………………………………………
2. Do you think the Duke of Burgundy really loved Cordelia?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. How do you think Kent tried hard to defend Cordelia?
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(5) Write an essay of about (180 ) words on
" The advantages and disadvantages of modern technology "
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