SJCIT Tutorial-1

Estd: 1986

Department of Civil Engineering

Tutorial-1
SUBJECT TITLE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
SUBJECT TYPE Common to all Branches
SUBJECT CODE 21CIV57
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 BATCH 2021
SCHEME CBCS scheme
SEMESTER 5th
FACULTY NAME and
DESIGNATION

1. The term ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word ………….which
means to encircle or surround
a) Environ b)Oikos c) geo d) Aqua

2. The objective of environmental education is

a) Raise consciousness about environmental conditions
b) To teach environmentally appropriate behavior
c) Create an environmental ethic
d) All of the above

3. Which of the following conceptual spheres of the environment is having the least
storage capacity for matter?
a) Atmosphere b) Lithosphere c) Hydrosphere d) Biosphere

4. Which of the following components of the environment are effective transporters of

matter?
a) Atmosphere and Hydrosphere b) Atmosphere and Lithosphere
c) Hydrosphere and Lithosphere d) Biosphere and Lithosphere

5. Biosphere is
a) The solid shell of inorganic materials on the surface of the earth
b) The thin shell of organic matter on the surface of earth comprising of all
the living things
c) the sphere which occupies the maximum volume of all of the spheres
d) all of the above

6. Atmosphere consists of 79 per cent Nitrogen and 21 per cent Oxygen by

a) volume b) weight c) Density d) All the three

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7. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?

a) Fungi b) solar light c) temperature d) humidity

8. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is

a) Bidirectional b) Cyclic c) Unidirectional d) Multidirectional

9. Which Pyramid is always upright

a) energy b) biomass c) numbers d) food chain

10. In complex ecosystems the degree of species diversity is

a) poor b) high c) medium d)none

11. The organisms who directly feed on producers are called

a) Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Decomposers d) Saprophytes

12. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called

a) Food Chain b) carbon cycle c) hydrological cycle d) anthrop system

13. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem

a) Plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food
b) Animals c) Human beings d) Fish

14. Which of the following statements is false?

a) Inorganic nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem
b) Energy ‘flows’ through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds
c) Energy is recycled in an ecosystem
d) Respiration process releases energy

15. The largest reservoir of nitrogen in our planet is

a) Oceans b) Atmosphere c) biosphere d) Fossil fuels

16. In aquatic ecosystem phytoplankton can be considered as a

a) Consumer b) producer c) Saprotrophic organisms d) Macro
consumer

17. The basic requirements of human beings are provided by

a. Industrialization b. Agriculture c. Nature d. Urbanization

18. Environment is the life support system that includes

a. Air b. Water c. Land d. All of the above

19. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by

a. Producer b. Consumer c. c. Decomposer d. All of the above
20. Organisms which feed directly or indirectly on producers are called

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a. Prey b. Consumers c. Decomposers d. Detritus

21. The primary producers in a forest ecosystem are
a. Chlorophyll containing trees and plants c. Herbivores
b. Carnivores d. Bacteria and other microorganisms

22. Abiotic component includes

a. Soil b. Temperature c. Water d. All of the above

23. Which of the following statement is true

a. Green plants are self nourishing
b. Producers depends on consumers
c. Biotic components includes all non-living components
d. Herbivores depend on Carnivores
24. Primary consumer is
a. Herbivores b. Carnivores c. Macro consumers d. Omnivores

25. A predator is
a. An animal that is fed upon c. An animal that feeds upon another animal
b. Animal that feeds upon both plants and animals d. A primary consumer

26. Access to food is mainly determined by

a) Household income b) Food assistance programmes
c) Human resources d) Society/Community

27) The word ‘Environment’ is derived from

a) Greek b)French c) Spanish d) English

28. Which among the following is a climatic factor?

a) pressure b) humidity c) temperature d) all of the above

29) The major atmospheric gas layer in stratosphere is

a) Hydrogen b) Carbon dioxide c) Ozone  Helium

30. Which atmospheric sphere is closest to the earth surface ?

a) Troposphere b) stratosphere c) mesosphere d) Exosphere

31. Which of the following is the terrestrial ecosystem?

a) forest b) grass land c) desert d) all of the above

32. Ecological pyramids are studies of

a) pyramid of numbers b) pyramid of biomass
c) pyramid of energy d) all of the above

33) World Environment day is on

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a) 5th May b) 5th June c) 18th July d) 16th August

34) Factors responsible for balanced ecosystem are
a) balance between predator and prey
b) balance between vegetation, herbivorous and carnivorous
c) balance between competing species and biotic factors
d) all of the above

35) Which of the following is absorbed by green plants from the atmosphere?
a) Carbon dioxide b) Water c) Nutrients d) All of above

36) Habitat refers to

a) Physical conditions of the place where organisms live b) Both a & c
c) Chemical conditions of the place where organisms live d) None of a or c

37) Essential component of social security are

a) Meeting personal growth and development
b) Maintaining natural capital
c) Fairness and equity in distribution of costs of resources.m
d) Community resilience

38) Socio – economic security in environmental aspects involves

a) Welfare of the present generation
b) Intra and inter generational equity of resources
c) Fairness & equity in distribution costs for complete existing generation
d) All

39) A food web consists of

a) a portion of a food chain b) an organisms position in a food chain
c) interlocking food chains d) a set of similar consumers

40. Which of the following statements are true?

a) Man is not dependent on nature
b) Resources are unlimited, so one can use them as per one’s wish.
c) Energy can be converted from one form to another, but some percentage is
lost into the environment
d) Matter can be generated afresh. It need not be recycled or reused.

41) Which of the following conditions must be fulfilled to ensure food security?
a) Food must be available
b) Each person must have access to it
c) Food utilized/consumed must fulfill nutritional requirements
d) all

42) Troposphere is extends upto

a)5-10km b) 0-20 km c) 0-12km d) 10-15km
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43. Which of the following is not the environmental effect of industrialization, in

general?.
a) Solid waste b) Water Pollution
c) Air pollution d) Economic growth

44. Which of the following are major environmental issues involved in mining?
a) Air pollution from dust b) Water pollution
c) Soil degradation d) All of the above

45. ‘Earth Day’ is held every year on

a) June 5th b) November 23rd c) April 22nd d) January 26th

46. The most important remedy to avoid negative impact due to industrialization is
a. Industry should be closed b. Don’t allow new industrial units
c. Industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal
d. Industries should be shifted far away from human habit tats.
47. Mining means
a) to conserve & preserve minerals b) to check pollution due to mineral resources
c) to extract minerals and ores d) None
48. E.I.A. can be expanded as
a. Environment & Industiral Act c. Environment & Impact Activities
b. Environmental Impact Assessment d. Environmentally Important Activity
49. E.I.A. is related to
a. Resource conservation c. Efficient equipment/process
b. Waste minimization d. All of the above
50. In order to protect the health of people living along the adjoining areas of roads,
one should.
a. Plant trees alongside of the roads c. Not allow diesel driven vehicles
b. Shift them (people) to other places d. None of the above
51. The pollution caused by transportation/vehicular activities depends on
a. Type of the vehicle’s engine c. Age of the vehicle
b. Traffic congestion d. All of the above
52. Sustainable development will not aim at
a) social economic development which optimizes the economic and societal
benefits available in the present, without spoiling the likely potential for similar
benefits in the future
b) reasonable and equitably distributed level of economic well being that can be
perpetuated continually
c) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs
d) Maximizing the present day benefits through increased resource consumption
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53. Which of the following is a key element of EIA?

a) Scoping b) Screening
c) Identifying and evaluating alternatives d) all of the above

54. The adverse effect of modern agriculture is

a. Water pollution b. Soil degradation c. Water logging
d. All of the above
55. Eutrophication is
a) an improved quality of water in lakes b) a process in carbon cycle
c) the result to accumulation of plant nutrients in water bodies
d) a water purification technique

56. Major purpose of most of the Dams around the world is

a) Power generation b) Drinking water supply c) Flood control d) Irrigation

57. Which of the following is the most environmental friendly agriculture practice?
a. Using chemical fertilizers b. Using insecticides c. Organic farming
d. None of the above

58. Sustainable development means

a. Meeting present needs without compromising on the future needs
b. Balance between human needs and the ability of Earth to provide the resources
c. Progress in human well beings
d. All the above

59. Soil erosion removes surface soil which contains

a. Organic matter b. Plant nutrients c. Both a and b d. None of these

60. Water logging is a phenomena in which

a. Crop patterns are rotated
b. Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over irrigation
c. Erosion of soil d. None of the above

61. The impact of construction of dams

a. Submerges forest c. Loss of wild life habitat
b. Damages downstream ecosystem d. All of the above

62. Which of the following statement is false

a. Soil erosion effects the productivity of agriculture fields
b. It takes 300 years for one inch of agricultural top soil to form
c. The amount of erosion depends on soil type, slope, drainage pattern and crop
management practices
d. Soil erosion helps to retain water and nutrients in the root zone

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63. Which of the following statement is true

a. Surface runoff do not carry pesticides into streams
b. Water percolating downward through agriculture lands carries with it dissolved
chemicals and contaminate ground water
c. Present agricultural practice does not contaminate water
d. d. None of the above

64. Farmers have a tendency to

a. Use optimum quantity of water c. To over irrigate their crops
b. To conserve water d. All of the above

65. Organic Farming is

a. Farming without using pesticides and chemical fertilizers
b. Enhances biodiversity
c. Promotes soil biological activity d. All of the above

66. What would you do to prevent environmental damage?

a. Plant trees b. Halt deforestation c. Control pollution d. All of the above

67. Environmental impact assessment

a. Is a study of feasibility of a project
b. Is a study of bio-physical characteristics of the environment that may result from a
human action
c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of the above
68. EIA study will help
a. Maximizing the benefits without overloading the planets ecosystem
b. To estimate the future needs of the society
c. To smooth implementation of the project
d. To cope up with rapid growth of population
69. Ecosystem is disturbed by housing activity because
a. Large volume of raw materials like brick, stone, timber, cement, steel plastic
etc are required to be produced
b. Housing is required to provide shelter to growing population
c. Majority of housing projects are concentrated in cities only
d. Standard of living is increased by modern houses

70. Environmental impact of mining

a. Brings order into social setup
b. Devastation of ecosystem
c. Present mining activity is a sustainable development
d. Mining has no adverse effect on ecosystem as it is located in remote areas

71. Effect of modern agriculture on soil is due to

a) Erosion b) Acidification c) Salinization d) All

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72. Bio-remediation means the removal of contaminants from

a) Soil b) Wastewater
c) Groundwater d) Both Soil and Groundwater
73. The word ecology is proposed by
a) Eenst Haeckel b) Helena Curtis c) Charles Southwick d) Charles Elton
74. Biodiversity is of importance as it offers:
a) Stability of ecosystems b) Stability of atmosphere
c) Stability of species d) Stability of research

75. Which one of the following is not an in-situ conservation method?

a) Zoo b) National Parks c) Biosphere Reserves d) Sanctuaries
76. The activities of cultivation of land, timber harvesting is permitted in:
a) Sanctuaries b) National Parks c) Biosphere Reserves d) Protected Areas
77. Deforestation means
a) preservation of forests b) destruction of forests
c) monocrop cultivation d) agriculture

78. During photosynthesis, trees produce

a) Oxygen b) Carbon Dioxide c) Nitrogen d) Carbon Monoxide
79. Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?
a) Fossil fuels b) Solar energy c) Tidal wave energy d) Wind energy
80. Which of the following statements about forest is not correct?
a) Forests reduces soil erosion b) Provides recreational opportunities
c) Provides a source of economic development d) None of the above
81. Wind energy generation depends on
a) Direction of wind b) velocity of wind c) humidity d) precipitation
82. In Hydropower plants power is generated by
a) hotsprings b) wind c) Sun d) water

83. Direct Solar energy is used for

a) Water heating b) Distillation c) Drying d)All of the above

84. What is tidal power?

a) Energy from tides b) Energy from water c) Energy from moon d) Energy from sun

85. ‘OTEC’ is an energy technology that converts

a) energy in large tides of ocean to generate electricity
b) energy in ocean waves to generate electricity
c) energy in ocean due to thermal gradient to generate electricity
d) energy in the fast moving ocean currents to generate electricity

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86. India’s position in the Bio-gas plants globally

a) 5th b) 2nd c) 4th d) 7th
87. Direct conversion of solar energy is attained by
a) solar photo voltaic system b) solar diesel hybrid system
c) solar thermal system d) solar air heater

88. Which country created wind mills?

a) Egypt b) Mongolia c) Iran d) Japan

89. In how many ways does the conservation of biodiversity work?

a) 5 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
90. Hot spot areas have:
a) Low density of biodiversity b) Only endangered plants
c) High density of hot springs d) High density of biodiversity

91. What percentage of its geographical area of a country should be under forest cover?
a) 23% b) 43% c) 13% d) 33%
92. About …………% of the earth’s surface is covered by water
a) 53% b) 19% c) 71% d) 90%
93. Forests prevent soil erosion by binding soil particles in their
a) stems b) roots c) leaves d)buds

94. Identify the non-renewable source of energy from the following

a) Coal b) Fuel cells c) Wind Power d) Wave power

95. During the day, the air above the land heats up more quickly than the air over
water”. a) True b) False
96. What are used to turn wind energy into electrical energy?
a)Turbine b) Generators c) Yaw motor d) Blades

97. Hydrogen energy can be tapped through

a) heat pumps b)fuel cells c) photovoltaic cells d) gasifiers

98. Absorption of Solar radiations at earth’s surface occur due to presence of

a)Ozone b) Water vapors c)Carbon di-oxide d) All of the above

99. Which of the following categories does tidal power fall into?
a) Hydrothermal b) Hydropower c) Solar d) Wind

100. Tidal power is renewable because _________

a) Tide falls and rises without fuel b) tide falls and rises with fuel
c) Tide neither falls nor rises without fuel d) tide neither falls nor rises with fue

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101. Where is the world’s only operating ocean thermal energy conversion plant
located? a) Japan b) United States c) China d) India

102. Plants use ………..gas for photosynthesis

a) Oxygen b) methane c) Nitrogen d) Carbon dioxide
103. What percentage of its geographical area of a country should be under forest
cover? a) 23% b) 43% c) 13% d) 33%
104. About …………% of the earth’s surface is covered by water
a) 53% b) 19% c) 71% d) 90%
105. During photosynthesis, trees produce
a) Oxygen b) Carbon Dioxide c) Nitrogen d) Carbon Monoxide

107. Forests prevent soil erosion by binding soil particles in their

a) stems b) roots c) leaves d)buds

108. Major causes of deforestation are

a) shifting cultivation b) Fuel requirements
c) Raw materials for industries d) All of these

109. Blue baby syndrome (methaemoglobinemia) is caused by the contamination of

water due to
a) Phosphates b) Sulphur c) Arsenic d) Nitrates

110. Which of the following statements about forest is not correct?

a) Forests reduces soil erosion b) Provides recreational opportunities
c) Provides a source of economic development d) None of the above

111. India has the largest share of which of the following?

a) Manganese b) Mica c) Copper d) Diamond
112. What is the permissible range of PH for drinking water as per the Indian
Standards?
a) 6 to 9 b) 6.5 to 7.5 c) 6 to 8.5 d) 6.5 to 8.5

113. What is the maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water?

a) 1.0 milligram per liter b) 1.25 milligram per liter
c) 1.50 milligram per liter d) 1.75 milligram per liter
114. Excess fluorides in drinking water is likely to cause
a) Blue babies b) fluorosis c) taste and odour d) intestinal irritation

115. Which of the following is a non point source of water pollution?

a) Factories b) Sewage treatment plants
c) urban and suburban lands d) All of the above

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116. The movement of carbon between _________ is called carbon cycle.

a) Atmosphere & biospherec. Atmosphere & hydrosphere
b) Geosphere & atmosphere d. Biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere & geosphere

117. Out of the following nutrients in fertilizer, which one causes minimum water
pollution?
a) Nitrogen b) Phosphorous c) Potassium d) Organic matter

118. The depletion of trees is causing accumulation of

a. NO2 b. SO2 c. CO2 d. O2

119. Earth’s atmosphere contains ______ % nitrogen.

a. 98% b. 12% c. 21% d. 78%
120. Plants can take up nitrogen in two forms _________
a. NH4+ & NO3 b. NH3 & N2 c. NO3 d. NO2

121. Conversion of ammonium to NO3 by chemical oxidation is termed as

a. Mineralisation b. Leaching c. Nitrification d. Denitrification
122. Nitrogen fixing bacteria exists in ______ of plants.
a. Leaf b. Roots c. Stem d. Flower
123. Sulphur occurs in soil and rocks in the form of ______
a. Oxides of Zn & Fe b. Sulphates of Zn & Fe
b. . Nitrates of Zn & Fe d. Sulphides of Zn & Fe

124. Live stock wastes release large amount of ................. in to environment.

a. NH4 b. NH3 c. NO3 d. NO4
125. Conversion of nitrates into gases of nitrogen is called_________
a. Nitrification b. Nitrogen fixing c. Reduction d. d. Denitrification

126. Forest rich area in Karnataka is found in ______

a. Western Ghats b. Bandipur c. Nagarhole d. Mangalore

127. ________ are referred to as Earth’s lungs.

a. Forests b. Carbon cycles c. Water sources d. Mines
128. Cholera & typhoid are caused by
a) Worms b) Virus c) Bacteria d) Fungus

129. Important factor that causes water borne disease is

a) Using contaminated sewage for Irrigation
b) Leaching of untreated fecal and urinary discharges into water bodies
c) Discharge of industrial waste water
d) By eating contaminated food.

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130. Major sources of fluoride is

a) River water b) Tooth paste c) Ground water d) Food products

131. Hepatitis is caused by

a) Protozoa b) Virus c) Bacteria d) Fungus

132. Excessive Nitrate in drinking water causes

a) Fever b) Cough & chill c) Blue babies d) Gastro Enteritis

133. Mineral resources are

a) Renewable b) Available in plenty c) Non renewable d) Equally distributed

134. Control of water borne diseases can be achieved effectively by

a) Treatment of disease b) By consuming mineral water
c) By proper treatment of waste water & protecting the source of water
d) By vaccination

135. Which of the following is not a natural mineral?

a) Asbestos b) feldspar c) Phosphate d) Nitrogen

136. Forests are extremely important because they

a) provide clean water and clean air b) provide habitat for wild life
c) provide recreation and a change from the hectic urban life d) all of the above

137. Deforestation means

a) creation of new forest land for the wild life b)planting trees in the cities
c) conversion of forest land for agriculture/ pasture/ homes etc.
d) Not managing the forest properly
138. The oceans are the largest storage of water on earth containing:
a.95% of earths water c. 85% of earths water
b.97% of earths water d. 75% of earths water

139. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrological cycle?

a.Precipitation b. infiltration c. transpirationd. perspiration
140. The ground water depends on
a.Amount of rainfall b. Geological formations c. Run off d. All

141. In India ground water is rich in

a.Plains of rivers Kaveri and Krishna c. The plains of Netravati and Kapila
b.The Gangetic plains d. The Deccan plateau
142. The required Iron content in drinking water as specified by BIS is
a. 300 mg/l b. 30 mg/l c. 3 mg/l d. 0.3 mg/l

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143. Pick out which is not concerned to carbon cycle

a.Respiration b. Combustion of fossil fuels c. Photo synthesis d. transpiration

144. Fixation of Nitrogen is done by

a.Lightening b. Fixing bacteria c. Fertiliser factory d. All of the above

145. Sulphur-di-oxide is used in

a.Paper manufacture b. Textile manufacture
c. Processing of fossil fuels d. Both (a) and (b)

146. Among the fresh water available in the Earth the percentage of surface water is
about a) 50% b) 10% c) 5% d) less than 1%

147. Disfigurement in the teeth is caused by excessive amount of

a) Mercury b) Nitrate c) Fluoride d) Lead

148.Alternative eco-friendly fuel for automobiles is

a.Petrol b. Diesel c. CNG d. Kerosene

149. The world population in 2000 was around

a) 8 billion b) 6.1 billion c) 4 billion d) 4.5 billion

150. The average life expectancy around the world is currently

a) Decreasing b) Increasing c) Not changing d) Stabilizing

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