CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the discussion of the literatures and the result of other related

researches to which the present study is related or has some connection or similarity that the

researchers considered in strengthening the importance of the present study. In order to

understand the research better, it also provides a synthesis of art so as to be able to fully

appreciate its findings.

Time Management and its Impact on Study Habits

Effective time management is crucial and has the potential to impact an individual's

overall productivity and accomplishments. But how people organize their time to fit their

everyday lives or to make it flow smoothly with their routines is what connects all of these.

In addition to their teachers' excellent lectures, students will undoubtedly achieve positive

results from conducive settings and environments. Nevertheless, one factor that can

influence a student to become a successful student is their ability to manage their time well.

For students who want to succeed, time management skills are essential. Some students,

still struggle with time management, which has a negative effect on both their academic

performance and quality of life. Students' everyday habits and activities have an impact on

how they use their time in school (Nasrullah et al., 2015).

Students feel that they're not wasting their time or rushing through learning

activities. They'd also been convinced that studying was their focus. This is different from

the prior findings in particular with regard to delaying. In spite of the fact that a minority of

students are focused on studying, many of them indicated that they plan their day and some

often look at their phones. It is clear from these conflicting findings that the situation is less

than optimal with only 51.9 percent of students positive for being able to manage their time

(Fouché, 2017).
 In some studies, time management is one of the most important things to do when it

comes to studying. Determine how much time is necessary to study, which differs from one

student to another. Therefore, how much time respondents spend in studies is determined by

this research study. Less study time leads to poor grades and performance. 55% of

respondents who do not complete homework on weekdays, while 45.83% do not study at

all. Reviewing techniques are ineffective, with 37.50% starting days before exams. Some

students study during school breaks, and 45.83% do not even scan their notes. This

alarming behavior highlights the importance of studying and the reasons behind poor study

habits (Relucio, 2019).

Students felt that organizing their studies ahead of time had improved their

academic achievement. Less than half of the students, for a variety of reasons, did not agree

that they manage their time. Students in this survey agreed that having irregular sleep

patterns makes them feel tired and hinders their ability to manage their time. The purpose of

this study was to determine how time management affected KAU students studying

diagnostic radiology technology's academic performance. High academic scores were also

attained by students who claimed to be time-managers and deadline-oriented (Alyami et al.,

2021).

In order for students to improved their study habits, firstly necessary time

management have to be improved. Time management is a crucial factor in academic

success, with numerous studies highlighting its impact on study habits and overall academic

performance. Effective time management is associated with greater academic performance

and lower levels of anxiety in students. Students who manage their time effectively are

more likely to engage in regular study habits, prioritize their tasks, and achieve academic

success. Providing support for students in developing time management skills can help

improve academic performance and reduce stress.

Motivation's Influence on Study Habits

are not motivated properly on their studies. They need to identify how they can enhance and

improve their learning styles and skills. Students should have a better understanding why

they study? Practice what they learn because it is a reflection of their potential growth and

development in their learning process. They should be motivated to think maturity. This can

accelerate to improve their learning process (Cottrell, 2019).

The impact of the motivation given to students can promote new trends and

demands in their learning process. It helps them to monitor their improvement inside the

classroom setting on their learning style and in their capacity to learn, to motivate their

critical thinking and analysis. It is very essential to interrogate on the learning process that

can create a better atmosphere and opportunity to explain and to observe the insight of their

learning process. The key issues are how to improve the learning study style of the students

at present and how they could be influenced to be successful in their study habits,

innovations, and practices (Cross, 2019).

Study habits can be observed that a lack of motivation is described as having

insufficient levels of desire and excitement for carrying out a task (Sasson, 2019). This lack

of drive can sometimes be mistaken for a disregard for one's responsibilities (Shore, 2017).

At Japari School (2018), it is mentioned that everyone, including the students, has

experienced low motivation. The students, in particular, may be unwilling to learn due to

finding the lessons challenging to follow. This lack of understanding can contribute to their

overall lack of motivation (Barse, 2015).

It is important to address and overcome this lack of motivation. Strategies such as

setting clear goals, breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable steps, and finding ways to

make the learning process more engaging and enjoyable can help improve motivation.

Additionally, providing support and guidance to students who are struggling to understand

the material can also be beneficial. Creating a positive and supportive learning environment

can encourage students to develop better study habits and increase their motivation to learn.
 In conclusion, enhancing students' study habits and learning process requires a

multifaceted approach including the development of study skills, understanding of learning

styles, and proper motivation (Tsai, Shen, & Lin, 2015; Cottrell, 2019). Motivation plays a

critical role in promoting new learning trends, fostering critical thinking, and creating a

conducive learning atmosphere (Cross, 2019). Addressing the lack of motivation and

creating a supportive learning environment can lead to improved study habits, better

understanding of lessons, and overall academic success.

The Financial Impact on Students' Study Habits and Academic Success

Financial status significantly impacts the study habits of grade 11 HUMSS students.

Students who are financially secure typically do better in school. On the other hand,

financially struggling students find it difficult to meet demanding academic requirements,

pay tuition, and get basic necessities, which eventually affects their academic progress.

Students with disabilities are more seriously impacted by poverty in terms of their growth,

academic performance, and attendance at school.

Students from lower socio-economic family backgrounds typically perform worse

academically than those from higher family backgrounds. (Olufemioladebinu et al.,2018).

Furthermore, studies also found that students from wealthy families benefits more from

engaging learning environments. Therefore, compared to students from low-income

families, those from higher family financial status may be able to excel and attain greater

academic success (Asri et al. (2017).

These students' parents make between P5,000 and P9,000 a month. These parents'

employment is unstable. Because of their financial status, these students developed low

self-confidence as a result. Rather than studying at home, they volunteer their time to assist

their parents with household duties and the sale of various items. Particularly in some

study, the majority of students had siblings who are also enrolled in the institution. They are
typically elderly and are expected to help their parents or handle household tasks. It

became evident that because of their childhood responsibilities, they do not have enough

time once they get home to read their notes or study their lesson (Relucio,2019).

Students have responded in a variety of ways to the growing expense of higher

education. A few students have worked longer hours to cope up with the rising cost of

tuition. Research revealed a strong negative relationship between student grades and the

quantity of hours put in. About one-third of students do not purchase the necessary items,

yet

costly academic resources. There is a common report of rising financial stress among

students, primarily as a result of increased educational costs (Doris Bennett et al.,2020).

In order to improve students' study habits and academic performance, as well as

their overall experience and throughput rates in the nation's higher education institutions, it

is important that financial difficulties be addressed through support interventions.

Governments can ensure that students from low-income families have access to school and

are not left behind because of a lack of funds by offering these students financial aid.

Social Media and Its Impact on Students’ Study Habits and Academic Success

Social media addiction is a pressing concern, particularly among adolescents and

young adults, including Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students. The

addictive nature of social media can significantly impact students' study habits and

academic performance. Research has shown that excessive engagement with social media

platforms can result in distractions, decreased focus, and challenges in time management for

students. Understanding the relationship between social media addiction, narcissism, and

self-esteem is crucial in addressing factors affecting study habits. Educators, parents, and

mental health professionals can utilize these insights to develop interventions promoting

healthy digital behaviors, enhancing self-esteem, and mitigating the negative effects of
social media addiction on academic success (Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths,

M. D., 2017).

The implications of social media addiction on study habits are profound, with

students struggling to balance online activities with academic responsibilities. This

imbalance can lead to difficulties in time management, assignment completion, and

classroom focus. Recognizing the negative impact of social media addiction on study habits

is essential for stakeholders to develop interventions that encourage healthy digital

behaviors and support students in achieving academic success (Al-Yafi, K., El-Masri, M., &

Tsai, R., 2018). Self-control has been identified as mediating the impact of social media

addiction on college students' grade point average (GPA). Additionally, social media

addiction can increase anxiety and stress levels, which in turn can negatively moderate the

positive relationship between self-control and GPA. This suggests that social media

addiction not only directly affects academic performance but also influences other critical

factors for academic success (Ning, W., & Inan, F. A., 2023).

In a cross-sectional study on Iranian students of medical sciences, social

networking addiction was associated with academic performance. Excessive use of social

media platforms can lead to distractions, decreased focus, and poor time management skills,

all of which can hinder academic engagement and success (BMC Psychology, 2019). The

impact of social media addiction on students' academic performance is significant, affecting

study habits and leading to distractions, decreased focus, and poor time management skills.

Factors such as the constant need for online validation, fear of missing out, and the

addictive nature of social media contribute to procrastination and reduced study time among

students (Talaue, G. M., AlSaad, A., AlRushaidan, N., AlHugail, A., & AlFahhad, S.,

2018).

The pervasive nature of social media addiction extends across academic disciplines,

influencing not only academic performance but also interpersonal relationships among
students. Excessive use of social media platforms can disrupt study habits, social

interactions, and overall well-being (J Educ Health Promot, 2022).

Research highlights the significance of study habits in academic achievement and

the need for students to establish effective study practices. By addressing the impact of

social media addiction on study habits, educators and students can better manage

distractions and enhance focus and productivity in academic pursuits (Ebele, U.F., & Olofu,

P.A., 2017). Studies underscore the importance of understanding the influence of social

media on study habits and academic achievement. Balancing social media usage is crucial

for maintaining healthy study habits and academic performance, emphasizing the need for

self-discipline and self-direction in establishing good study practices (Alejandrino, M. P. R.,

Catipay, J. D., Concepcion, P. V. A. T., Flores, S. M. C., Palicte, C. M. D., & Seguiro, A.

C., 2018).

It is important to address and overcome this study to safeguard the well-being and

academic success of students. By recognizing the detrimental effects of excessive social

media use on study habits and academic performance, educators, parents, and mental health

professionals can implement strategies to promote healthy digital behaviors and empower

students to manage their online activities responsibly. Overcoming social media addiction is

essential in fostering a conducive learning environment that prioritizes focus, productivity,

and overall student well-being.

Exploring the Impact of Peer Pressure on Study Habits among Students

Students' perception of peer pressure is found to be correlated with their study

habits. High levels of peer pressure among students can affect their study habits. Students

may feel pressured to conform to their peers' behaviors and may prioritize social activities

over studying. Peer pressure is the process by which members of the same social group

influence other members to do things that they may be resistant to, or might not otherwise

choose to do. Peers are people who are part of the same social group, so the term "peer
pressure" refers to the influence that peers can have on each other. Usually, the term peer

pressure is used when people are talking about behaviors that are not considered socially

acceptable or desirable, such as experimentation with alcohol or drugs. (Elizabeth

hartney,2022)

Peer pressure can encourage students to adopt productive study habits, such as

participating in group study sessions, seeking academic assistance, and maintaining a

disciplined study routine. When surrounded by peers who value education and prioritize

their studies, students may feel motivated to excel academically and strive for success.

(Azizi, S. M., Soroush, A., & Khatony, A. (2019).

Students' perception of peer pressure is found to be correlated with their study

habits. High levels of peer pressure among students can affect their study habits. Students

may feel pressured to conform to their peers' behaviors and may prioritize social activities

over studying. The research may delve into strategies and techniques for effectively

managing and coping with peer pressure at different ages. By exploring the ways in which

peer pressure affects individuals of all ages, the study likely provides valuable insights into

navigating social influences and making informed decisions in diverse social contexts

(Pugle, 2024).

This study may lie in its emphasis on empowering individuals to navigate peer

pressure in a way that enhances their study habits and academic performance. By offering

practical advice on handling peer pressure, the study likely equips individuals, including

students, with the tools to resist negative influences that may hinder their study habits. The

study may delve into techniques for building resilience, assertiveness, and confidence when

faced with peer pressure related to academic pursuits. It may also provide guidance on

fostering a supportive peer network that encourages positive study habits and academic

success (Lyness, 2022).

student learning outcomes. The research conducted at Michigan State University designed

pedagogical scenarios to stimulate varying degrees of peer pressure in a BIM class and

compared student learning outcomes across these scenarios. The results indicated a positive

relationship between the level of peer pressure and student learning outcomes, with students

exposed to higher levels of peer pressure demonstrating higher and more stable grades. The

study suggests that peer pressure acts as a "social magnet" that motivates students to

progress together, emphasizing the importance of creating effective learning environments

for skill development in the architectural, engineering, and construction industry. (Zhao

(2021).

Peer influence has a significant impact on study habits. Students' perception of peer

pressure is found to be correlated with their study habits. High levels of peer pressure

among students can negatively affect their study habits. Students may feel pressured to

conform to their peers' behaviors and may prioritize social activities over studying. The fear

of making mistakes and being mocked by peers can also discourage students from actively

participating in class and seeking help when needed. On the other hand, positive peer

interactions can have a beneficial effect on study habits. Collaborative and interactive

activities mediated by teachers, which involve peer learning, have been shown to improve

learning outcomes. Peer influence can also shape students' self-concept and motivation,

indirectly affecting their academic engagement and performance. Overall, peer influence

plays a crucial role in shaping students' study habits, both positively and negatively.

In summary, managing social media addiction requires a holistic approach that

considers time management, motivation, financial implications, and the influence of peer

pressure. Effective time management is important for students to improve their study habits

and succeed academically. Students who manage their time well tend to achieve better

academic outcomes. However, many struggles with time management, impacting their

performance, study habits, and well-being. Motivation also plays a crucial role, as
motivated students have better learning experiences. Financial status can affect study habits,

especially for those from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Social media addiction and

peer pressure can also disrupt study habits; distracting students from their academics and

influencing their behaviors and priorities. By addressing these factors, students can better

manage their social media usage, improve their academic performance, and enhance their

overall well-being.

Regarding the specific effects of these factors on the study habits of Grade 11

HUMSS students at Ibajay Integrated School SY 2023–2024, there is a gap in the research

and studies that are currently available. By investigating ways to address these problems,

this study seeks to close this gap and enhance students' study habits and academic

achievement.