Mass Transfer DEFINITIONS Alosolute humidity, The ti ofthe mas of moist vapour tothe Absorption. The selective dssolution of one of more components (solu) of a gr 7 vapour steam i 4 el (rset) ‘Adsorbate. A component ofa gas oliguidthal, whenin conta with an adsorbents retained onthe surface of he adsorbent Aagneent A iceoporow Solid material at preferentially teaing ‘one or more componens ofa gas o iguid in eonaet wate, ‘Adsorption, The accumalation ofa substance, Usually Eos on 3 Aacotrope. A gsidmintue that upon boiling produces vapour of “he same compostn hat Bo fractionation occurs betwee the ig Bound moisture. The moisture contained Wy a subsbnce which sexoreamcasiibnushvapou presse eso ttan thatthe pune hid athe ‘Same tempers, Bolling range. The difference between the bubble poi and dew point Itexns for any miscible mito, cng Babble pint Tesemeratue ae which ne isbndbei forest Colburn J factor for mass transfer, Jon Jo = NosNge2® rikon-Colduenanalaty./q= sy 172 where Jy is. ft forhest teansfer and fis tition factor ‘Constant rate drying period. The pesid in a devine opeation dosing which the ate of moisture removal per uni of dying surface i Critical moisture content. The moisture antent existing inthe -mateil at the termnation ofthe constant rte drying period. Mass TRANSHER 7 ‘iogag Te practical amountotsmitesilthatcan be sabe ad then desorbed, per unt weight of sorbent, per e¥cle in am adsorpiion ew point. Thetemperatureat whicha vpourgas mixturebecomes saturated whencpoledat constant tt pressive out conta witha igs Dialysis. The separation of oles of diferent molecular size i 4 liga solution by use as sitable membrane Dilfasvity, molecu. Hest the sifeve Gant the negative lof me concentration gradient in the direction of diffsion, Displacing agent, material seed to cemove one adsorbate fom another by adsorbing i ite place Distilaion. A method of sparation based on une ditfernce ie composition ettcen a igh maar and he vapour one frm The ‘omposton differences duet the dillering effective vapour presi, of ‘elaulities of the components of he guid mitare Distribution coefficient, The ratio ofthe weight factions forme ‘excsions) of component into pases i eglbsum with each oer Dry-bulb temperature, Ths isthe teriperature of vapour-eis Dying, The removal of moisture from a substance. Electroialyss. The sepacsion of cleewolytic crystalline sb stances om cllodein slationty posing at electomotive force scr the membrane, Eluae, The effluent stream Containing the desorbed solute and lutant-The desorptcn solve . Elution: Desorption ofthe adsorbed sot bya solvent. tution curve. plotof hesoliteconce spotty a late Equilibrium moisture content. The moisture content 9 which a smaferial can be died ander spelled conditions of temperate and humidity of te surrounding atmospbers, Extract The steam of sven pis components 2x food in liguld-iguidextaction process Falling rate drying period. Tht period ofthe drying cys during which the instantaneous drying rate contiuodsly decreases whi com Ianees atthe end ofthe constant ate dying pais, std om the — rere emnrerpenanaas ieee nner170 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OBIECTIVE TYPE Fick's laws of aiftasion. J... = ~ Daa 9E* (First te) Bee aif oes) a 35 « 2(om Be) (Second a) Free moisture content. The moisture contained by a substance in ‘exces ofthe sulisutn mature content, I is removable at 8 26h ‘emperature and may include both bound and unbound moisture Freeze drying. process whereby a materia sist frgenand then dried by sublimation in very high vacuum a¢atomperatre inthe ange 240-260 erential, Te heat liberated st constant of vapouris ads upon alae quantty ‘fli already sotsining adsorbate Such large quantity of oid reed Hest of adsorption, integral. The integral heat of adsorption at any ‘concentration X of the adrorbate upon the soldi defined a he ential ‘ofthe adsorbae-adsorbent combination minus sum athe enthalpies of Unit Seeight of pure Solid adsorbent and sufficient pure adsorbed substance (Gefore adsorption) to provide te yeqired concentration Kall athesame Humid neat Theheatrequiredtoraie the temperature of kg ofr ss and tr stocaied vapour by I°E ar oman presse ‘Humid volume. The sofume of 1 ks of dey ea8 and its associated ‘vapour at the prevailing temperature and pretire, deat Fiquid. A tguid mixture in which the components obey aoa’ nw the ata esr of Component ease p04 Tzotherm. Anexpression ving the equlivam weight of materi adsorbed peri weigh of adsorbent asa fonction ofthe paral pressure ‘he material (or mole fraction the materi fin igui) at constant Key component n 8 mintare 1 te separated, a component tht sppears i Sot pases and whose concentrations inthe pases ea Be Considered to bea criterion ofthe extent ofthe separtion, ‘K.value. The ratiof the mole eaction of acomponentinthe vapour phase to the liga phase Leaching. The preferential solution of ane or more constituents of| 4 solid misture by contact wih guid solvent, Ligqutdstiguid extraction. The separation ofthe components of & iquidsolton by contact with archer nsluble gud Moisture content, wet basis. The moisture in a material as a percemage of the weight of wet sol 4 Moisture content, dry basis, The moisture in percentage of the weigh of bone-dy materia, The re ‘wetand dry bass moisture contents cn be expressed as material as 4 hip between where Wyistheilogramsof moisture per ilogram of wemateil and Ws ‘se bfdprams of moisture per blogram of bone dry mara. Overall efiteney. This is equal 10 me ratio of the number of theoretical plates uted for 2 given Separation to the number of tat plates que Partial pressure. The pressure that one gas. of vapour in amature opid ence wee acy ee sane woe she mitre Percentage saturation. Defined ae 100%; and 100Y'"s. where ¥ ‘is motasbsotehumity. is mace absolute hun ty ath strate ‘values denoed by subscre Safe detmined atthe dry-bull temperature [Fhe mature Psyenrometry, The study ofthe properties of mintures of at and water vapour RaffinateThe fed stream minuscomponentsentactedby assvent Sn igul-tguidextacion proces. Raoult’s lw. Sats thatthe partial prosare ofa componentin the ‘vapour phase above aliquid solution is egal to the produto ts eapour Dresstreand is mote faction in the liquid solution boil. The potion of the guid leaving the lowest plate of a Aisitation or absorption cota tat is boiled and seared the ea Reta. The portion ofthe vapour stream leaving the op plat of ation column returned fo the column sea igud 1 fei sparem CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ORIECTIVE THE Relative volatility, A measure ofthe ease of separability of 10 ‘components na vapour guid veparation gained (yogis) wher Sindy, ae the mole factions of componenis and nthe eapoue phase find ae the mote actors of components and tn the guid phase at [Relative saturation. Relative sation or restive humic. ex- pressedaspercestazeisdelinedas Olpq/Ps, where pgandP arth tial ft vapour pressures at the dry-bul temperature ofthe mixtre Selectivity. measrcof th eae of Separatiity ofrwocomponeate inatworphase separation Delined as (ted where rand rete ‘mole factions (oF weigh factions) of components and in phases and Par equilibrium Stage (or plat) efieency. i is measure of the approach to ‘equilibria om a plate. The moet cominon definition called the Morphe fielency Caen Resa ete esses in and Fefer tothe compositions i the steams eatering and leaving he pate and Si the eompostion in equilibrium wilh the aca compostion ofthe ‘eter seam of ee hee pease Stripping. Th wansferof component roma guid past in which leis dinsolved to aga phase ‘Theoretical stage (OF plate). A contacto, such as a plate fn a sutton column. on which the two leaving seam are io equi “Thermal diffsion. The formation of a concentration difference seihin single qu or gaseous Phase by imposition of temperate {radi upon the tsi “Turndown eatio, Tundoven ra were VAPa is vapOUF ate above Which the tay efficiency drops below ‘Eh aseplabe value and VAPmg ts vapour rate elow which the ty ‘ficiency tr wnacsepable, Unbound smosture. The moistare contained bya Substance which ‘exerisan equim vapour pressure equa to that of he Pare guid st the ame temperature. All he mostore conten of non hygroseopie marta Riusbound mate Zeolite. solid, microporous alumina silicate with uniform pore It is als calied a molecu save MASS TRANSFER 1 m Diffusion i process of (a) movement of palcles fr higher concentration to lower cow (@) movement of panicles wrough 2 semipermeable membrane {© faretaction at partes {G9 accumaltion of particles on sti surface Fick's st a of dilfsion For he» divestion is (2) 14 = Dar A Jam ~Dyp CA ) Ja = Das a O14 = De Bey 2c. © 142 Dae n= Dae Du BS © Ine ~0u ES ‘The difasivty ofa constituent 4 insolation 2 has the ans oy mus © mts Owls fo kmovin?-s) Fick’s socond law of afusion is ICA op, (34 4 2a, a) o) 2b w day(s 4 Ha, BCA) » 35 bu [Bie a» 3) Das{2E4 4 2Ca 4 2a) (Set a tet) (Pee, a4 , 22.) Ope a as) = Dus {ZEA 4 BEA, BC2), Gat Sy ta) For steady-state molecular ditasion of gus A trough non-ifsin Boaherato Nive rH ° 7 we wr on (912. Forsteaiy-stareequimoll cossterdiffsion of to gases andthe ratio Nala i) oo or @iz (o~. Methane is being cracked on catalyst CHa 2H sedercicumgnces sh tht CH(A) foes the ercking surface snd 108 afses back. At tedy-ae the aio aa Sige os ot eee eeee T ne. | cuencaLenorvnenaonrecriveryrE | “The inary dsiviy i ass varies (e)dreny ae he presse {Bhitvestiy ane rare {2 inverse) ace sare oo of pressure {Ghairetyas ne square vom ok essa $Fhc nna aust In gates at smoaperic conden of he rat ' @) 07! entice 2) urs omitsee @ tovewt nce (to? ents Se iar esti a Ug s fteode (ayo emtsce (e107 as Boe mmice tos thee ‘Fhe pat pensetbution of components of anoneatng ney tre ote ees ne {oy inine cane of sey equa coune-Sasion {G) RS ES of Seady. seme unimotlunectona isin ee cise seady sate qumaal ouner-dfevon and | On ts ninoll ween Aisin. -rpepuni pressure distibton ofboth components ofanoneseting | 2 2. “The binary diffusivity in eases is dependent upon | (ay ie tomperatire (6) she pressure (One natace ofthe components {allot the above ‘Te binary diffsivity in gases varie most as ar, ore or QP. | Shete 7 absolute temperature ofthe system. | | ‘ly natre of ea! gases none ferinin eae of steady-state equimoalcouner-ifusion {GN ae neat nae iol tection ion a ce cst ada eaaa counter "0900, a0 (0m sae una wigretonl ofoson se stosty Dag for ifasing in the sae as he sy Pi tate iting nA foes binary mints of (brea gases only (@) reat guid ony (a) el gases only CB Soe nd ral asses 16. ‘ae seadystate the pra preitare aitaibution nf Heal gas A elhng nrough'ssnesan eel gas follow 1. 18. a (e) tinea a (0) paratic e Select the wrong statement (2) Molecular diffusion in solids is much faster tan molecular ‘ifusion n gases and liquide (©) Molecular stfasion in solide 58 much slower than molecular fusion in gases and liquide (© The fusion coofiient in aliquid {6 10-4 10° tines the ‘Uifusion octticent in a gas ( Molecular Oatason i» gaves 16 much faster than molecular ‘httsion in iguds “The Knudsen difusivity is peopotional to wor e732 Br ot Or > ryperbotc tow (c) exponential la. “Te paral pressure of component Ain the vapour pase given pete _ greets Stialttctionet common in eying ai na ‘ect ur conponeatantherperne fe (@) Datton's aw () Heny's tw (Raoul aw (@ Lewis and Randal tow [Permeability P is dtined ax p= —¥ P= Dag OF Tae ee koh Veapias) (0) P= Dyglotiity sere =e vole of 8a some specie ompeatisand ‘resur)aitesing ger oni time (aes) ender he pressure eeadint rear , rs Daa ditasivty ofp tough membrane. For ow of gas touBh capillary acconting © Poiscuiles aw, the permeabinty (@) varies inversely asthe as viscon {@)iepropontonal ote gs acon (0) wanes are aaare rot of gas viscosity (GB vanes as ne aquaoor the es vscony For how ota gas tough given oo law the permeablly (@) remains unaected wit change la tmperstore (3 iets hie tee (c) dereases wth increas in ompeate (6) varies as he Savas foo of tempera ary according to Poiseuile'sCHEMCAL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE TYPE MASS TRANSFER i 32, According tthe stface-renewal heat thems transfer cot {2 irectyproporvona wo 2 16 23. Tae permeability incre GF oe rg 3 3 swith increase temperature for te Ow ary according 0 {@) Knudsen aw Du 0s (G) Posewste's aw lo og. ; 0 ets aw an Pisce’ a oo} {Gnomes the above 33, Pecet number Wr) for assumes sine as Se binary dist ntiquds vais ost a Rete (0) Meese M@r ori © Rede tO Nan Or Or 4 Simon n t} ocasr ed as 25, “he tasty nase same dimensions © NenlMae dso) Wipe Non Tabeolse Stony) Kinematic viscosity OWiaiie ONine ceesiey {@ concentraion 235, Teed momentum dtfasvity. the ermal dffviy andthe mass 26, ‘Te Schmit number (We) isthe ratio slay i ame “ays momentum avy fhe mse tasty ) Np = Mae = 9: O)Nre= Mae (G)ine mate nity ote momenta itso se ota NEMS 20, (0 A tema dutty othe mass SHC “The Sherwood member (gd ic defined as {me Mea tasty to the esa ust. pos oa ade 27, The Shak number (i defined 35 ©) Bae zt (ous ©) wleDag Eb wa" ‘2h ouiBae (tbat. Oar io ke ap, Formats at 20°C te Prant wimber 8 nas wane ttre ota coor 102 ‘incoscenruton arth rving farce ne umemaion Bier @ ioe d= hydric samc 29, Pronto was wanser coefficient could Pe Daye aitasey . ‘Moles tanfomed For del gases he dferent mags ansfercooticients are related at © Tine (wea) (Ese) ibe hy R wm bg RTP (6) Som UR by PIB o ——Motesmnsered Okeke Tian Oe bein be PAT Fes (ra (wok fe) ere kate tants costiciet for Suir counter tion © set eros) fesse sti oration ots xs troeh gna any of tase anew ‘ye mass want coeticint for equimolar Counce diftsion with ‘30, according to the fi theory the mass-ransfer eoetiien i rey mote fraction a5 the deving force. " proportional os. 38. The Chilton-Colburn analogy for ass transfer states that da wor Cr naNic = fre Mgr =f obs wre (Ng Mao? = ONG NGF = 8 ate eens toe penetration thor he mass-rnse ofc is Shere mite thon te ‘heel open 1 38, The empeatur t which a vapoe-aas mitre becomes sti Dm Dt ‘Then Cote sont al pepe ono conar side on oy a eeLSS. v8 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ORJECTIVETY (ey babe pine (0) dew point COlwetbathtempermare (dey temperate 40, Fora vapour gas mintur of abeote humidity Yat °C a Pat, ‘he teat gas law ives the humid volume (op) 2 Beli aee Ov one (hs Blea) az ae 1a lone tr armaosl toe ( where Ma and My ate molecular weights of vapour an gas espee- 441, The dow point of an unsaturated epend on {) the temperature ofthe misture i 1) the total pressure of the iste (6 the composition ofthe mixture {@) ot te ave 42, ‘Theelaive saturation ofan unsoturated mixtats of vapour and gas {e) is always eqial tis percentage saturation (satay es than percent ain (e)isalways freer than ts percentage saturation (Gymaybesmslieror greater than spercentape saturation depending 43, The relative surtion ofan unsaturated mintre of vapour and gas depends on Fa) the composition ofthe mizture 1) the temperate ofthe mixcre (the nature of he vapour { (ahaltot te above . 444, Fora vapouegas mixture the wet nd dey-tulb temperature ae 20°C ‘nd 35°C, respectively, the mite Heated 0 50°C at constant ‘reese the we-bll emperature wi be : ome ee za tae of sypour and ens doesnot | MASS TRANSHER 179 45. At the boiling point of the quid at the prevailing pressure the sturaed absolute homiity becomes one (e220 (eh intniy (4) none of the above, 46. The dew point ofan unsaturated mist of water vapour and ar a. constant temperature and presute (@) does not change with kange in absolute humidity (©) increases with inzeas in dosotte humidity (6) decreases with snerease in absolute a (a) decreases Linesiy with incteane i se 47. Te pail presse of water vapour pa inal. given mite of 48. The steady-state emperatre reached by » small amount of tguid ‘xaporating ino a lags amount unatrsed vapour yes eet ae cai 7 {2) debut temperatin — () dew point (©) wecbut temperature) poole in 49. Forany vapour-ta intr the adataicsatration curve is (a) susie tne {© stigmty concave paca shanty conve downer 50. “The psychromeutc aos defined as (holly © bathe heir c, {ah Neh 1, The Lewis numberof mixture i defined as (2) Nets We ONIN ( Crevadhen, $2 For the system ale-water vapout, fy C, ks approximately cqual wo 1 (ooae (024, os, $3. TheLewis numberof asnintueizone when mas difsiviyiscyiat {) momentum dffsivity (8) tvemal iftsvity mermal conductsity” (ih Yen iony180 s4. ss. 56. st o. For pure air at amoephere conditions the Lewis umber it (eect >t font oo For pure ai at simospheri conditions the Said number is @< @1 ot >t “The temperature of water cooled in aoling tower ie () always les tan the wel bulb temperature of entering ait (0) always equa othe wet-pulb temperature of entering ae (6) always greater than the wet bal tomcratrs of entering ae {G) aways egal othe dell temperature of entering Inthe desig of caning cowers the webu temperature appz00c i ‘oedinarly specified robe (@) from 519 10°F () 0m 209 30°F (©) from 301035 1G) from 1010 25°F Inacooling tower makeup rsh water must Ge aden replace Bosses (@) enesinment (@) evaporation tosses {e)blowaown| Gallo me stove Inanoperatingcoulingtowcrthewct-halbtorapercareofentering si 4s increased Keeping al iter variable Constant. Ts ult Water temperate wil (e) main constant, (0 increase ‘The cooling efect in scooting tower ean be increased by (@) towering the basometri pressure (©) reaging the Bumuaty of entering aie {e)Inereasing the at Velo over the Wet surfaces (a) all of ne above ‘Wien can the rlaivehumidty of ai decrease inspite fan inrease Inthe absolut humay ? (2) When ine pressure ses (©) When the pressure als 46} When the tmperatre ses {a When te temperate fl ‘Under the sane conditions () 1 of dry se lighter than 1 m? of hamid ae {803 m of hamid ac ger hn tm of ey {el both m8 of dy aed I me of hem air have Ne Same weight (0) decrease | ~ mt 4. Me ratio ofthe percentage stration tthe eatin water vapour mista ‘ mperture ‘Ou pressure P nd temperate Fe mee Onn a Qe rola) tine. ry fee, “pana essure ot we gine "= vapou pressure of the liguid esperar 7 (ST dole Memidy 0° of water vafoor ait mittee en by rw te torn Be | oreB@=) gy an or ar Bea here py at reste of water ap Prboat penser 56 ‘The Lewis amber the Fao of (e) teem ditfusivity to mas ius (0) mats dtusvty wo tnemal difeerey (©) mass diffusivity «9 momentum atta (@) momentum dtesvity o thermal dita, © towns er san grt ce (a) hat transfer only “ 8 mar tne an mas cer monet as 7 5 Retaive voll. fora ina cy aye (decrees with nese norco {® incomes wh nctease i roses (6) increases with nea in ea (2 tas 0 significance indian operon Relative volaitiy. ofr sia by dsutin. Pas ne (@) maxim posible (eh impossitne 1) Syste isa mease of separ aration by distilaion (©) teas posible {© opti posi 70. ey = the relative voati 9:0 fora inary stom de sinays* 18. 16. nn (CHEMICAL ENODSEERING OBFECTIVE TYPE (ay 2020 (©) one (6 intnity (2) one except atx = 0.0 To separate a binary mixture the relative volatility should be () equal to one (less than one (Gqreaterthan one (a) grate han zero, ‘Component Ais 3 o be more volatile than component Bi forall, temperate inthe closed interval T42P eT, (2) he vapour pressure ofA ieee han the vapour pressure of (0) the vapour pressure of Ais more than he vapoue pressure of B (el the vapour pessure ofA is equal (oT stm (eth vapour presire of sequal tothe vapour pressure o 2. ‘A tworphaseis said to be in physical eqiltbeium if (ee temperature ofthe vapour phase equal othe lemperaie of ‘he guid pase (@ythe tol pressure throughout the vapour phase sequal tothe tot DressoreHonsou te iis phase (o) the tendency ofeach phase ts exactly qu to Ms tendency 10 "scape fom the vapour phase othe ligu phase (@anorine anove. ‘The normal boiling points of henzene and toluene are 80-1°C and 106°C, respectively. A mixture containing 50 mole per eo! Dee 2200 sn 50 mole percent ovens will bal {stm a8 Gaon Ouse (6a temperature in between $0.1°C and 110.6% {es temperture of more tn 110°C. Eanol-watr solution containing 80 mole percent ethno! canbe Separated to get 97 mole percent ethanol DS (a) atmospheric station (©) dition at biger pressures {cbse dtation (allot ine above “Theratoof the aetaat equillriom paral pressure of a component ty the ideal value i caled (2) activity coefficient (6 relative veaniy ‘Azeotopes (Gh ace mngres with constan oiling point atthe specified pressure 1) ob69 Raoult aw a all temperate oy tumndown ato (etapa. 40, (6 ate mists of parity mise lguias (@)none ofthe are, “i Which one ofthe fotiowing systems des not form azettope at 0) Eeanotwater 0) Benne ttmne (6) Hydrochloric acid-water o. (@) Acetone chloroform, For a minimum-boling azetrape the vspous-igad equiva i ‘For compositions tothe right of fs the tealeg wer & Oat. or dea tiquid phase aed vapour phase the relative volaility of ‘component a relative to component is equal (Balt Pale, Pury (d Pala. ‘ test Pa vapour presto ot component he existing temper a vapour presse of component 8 the existing empeatre Praia presse a a [At he azcouopic composition (@ yor rer OF avyent ‘thee mote tacton of mot volt Je componen in gut phase =eauiliviam ate factonot more velatlecomponcnin peas feos ‘A arstrople miata two gis has iting Fin lowe than ‘either of them when it ate ae {@) shows no get frm Raout tae {0)shows postive devin fam Rao aw1s 9%. (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE TYPE (sows negative deviation from Raotls aw (2 iestrumted Dy acooropic mixture of two tide as ailing point Migher thay iter of te tne when {aye surated : (B) Shows egatve deviation som Raoult 1 (0) tows postive deviation from Raoul's aw {(@)Shows ne devtaton from R2out's la. Which ofthe following ithe ost important to separate a entre of to vlauleiguds by dsiiaion (ay Setatlity 1b) Relative ylang Beem dirernce (Selecting * Thc toe azzomayie composition of binary mixture the seative out @o os, BS ines Which ofthe flowing systems i example of minimum boing {rsowope at tn? (a) tanol-water (6) yaroetoncaci-wae (Beane thtorotorm —_{d) Benzene-toluer. ‘Sich oth fltoning systems isa example of saximar-boiing Pesotope av an? (a) Carbon disaphide-acetone (Op Emanet-water (2 Beneone-ettanol (8 Acetone shlorofom, ‘The ventive wolatiy of component A relative yo component is ‘Zuual othe rtlo of vapour Pressure of component A {0 ¥apor $etdlatedtcomponent Bat the exiting temperture i fap te toad pressure 1 atm (8) te iid pase benaves as an eal solution {hime vapour phase bsuaes as an deal g2, {G}bosn ee nid pase and wapoar phase are se. “Thesthanol eater azeouope at I stm occurs at {@) 894 mole percent ethanol and 782°C (Bae mote per cont water and 782°C (33¢0 mote percent ethavol and 782°C {G) 960 mote percent ethanol ant 100°C “The ash press i cried oot by (a) reducing te presse on the fee steam (5) cooling the feed at constant pressare MASS TRANSFER iis (el increasing the pressure on the fee stant (@) none ofthe above, 9. The necessary condition for a flash ofa piven fed mixture to oscue rine species presi (Tar =To= Tor ©) Tye Te Tor (Te Top Ty Hash temperature Tae bobble point winpertare fw posnt temperate. & Ones TS toe tice operation is suitable for separating componcats (ey bot very ose emperture (2) bot at widely reren omperaare fom ministre boting az508ope (2 form mann balng aczot ope 93, there leno condensation of camer steam in the stam dsiston of ee olingorgnicmatras esos conumpion ridin at (2) the nhest permissible temperate and presse (@)ihe west praciable temperature an pressure, (6 We wabes permis empertuc athe wes pactiable pressure aie lowest temperature aod the highest practicable pressing. 1 there ls condensation of cartier scam inte stam sation o£ highs boing organic material a (2) on tempertire ad pesre mst be fixes {Byer th temperature or the pressre aye fixed {@)the temperatures alays ore ha 100°C at Vat {Ghthe temperate aleayr east fo 100°C att a 95, | an del pati defined as oe hee {the vapour and guid Iaving seams ar neice {@) me vapour an ld coer seas ae in equ (hike vapouricavinpseam sin equliérigm with he igoldentering (oinevapourenering steam isin uiibeiom wit theguidieavng 46, teins ao (Rela therm re ti by the equation “ : " e we TR 14k R=a 186 o7. on, 100, 01 102, 106. ‘Tye intercept ony-ais of the operating line free ofa distilaton column (0 Riko rot Ovale {@) none of te above tere and Varete liquid and vapourrates inthe rctfying section taken o be constant over the seco, If is imerpreted io be the faction ofthe fed steam that i aid, then fr supereatl vapour fondo itlation column wart wast 3 ying section at wa won Cie) “Tassos of open line fo Ne supine or of aon @o we O=1 fon ‘Thesiopeoftheeperating ne forthe rectifyingsetion of dstation| column @= wo O51 (ey 1g istered to be the fraction ofthe feed tat equ, then she Spe of me fed linen distillation operation i eta O-ai-o o- aed. “When a dephiegmatoris also used o condense partity de overhead ‘spour frm adaiation column, he iqea?sttan tits bbb point (a) ha he same composition asthe overnead product (0) erichorsn less volatile component than ovesead product {©)it star in more volatile component than overead product, if gis interpreted tobe the fraction of the feed stream that liguid then for saturated vapour fod to dietlation column @a=t @a=o ark Waeo. eq i interpreted to be the faction of te fed stream tha is guid, then for saturated liquid feed to. dnlation column @a=o (ano ast a the feed1oadistitation columns strated liquid, then he slope tthe fod line is @o o0 On oa 106. The slope of operating line inthe wecifying section of a dstitation column's unity it eet ato i fo 1 (eo (Foe ‘these Rag = minima cefaxfatto 107. Fenste-nderwood eauation ese) i used to calculate the minimum number of theoretical sages required to obtaina given separation by distin. This equation “aid for (2) toa reftax (8) constant mola overfiow {9 sonst relative volatity (a allot these answer (o) remains unaffected with change refx ratio. (0) Increases with increase in refok eaiy (c) decreases it mcrense on retin rat (and eat reguie nebo decrease with increase nox 109, tn dition operation the reflux rato may vary between (a) zero and ene (©) 20 and inti {@himinimom sna intinity (2 one an we, 110, {na aistitaton operation otal reftox equies| (2) miaimum number of plates {0)infowe number o plates {c) minimum rebotir and condenser toad {G) thatthe ow of fesh feed mast comtne, 111, Most disilatin columns are designed for reflux rate between (2) 3105 tines ne (©) 120017 Himes Ra (2W times Rain 02904 mes Ree ‘where Rn = minim refux at. 112, At minimum refox ato the fixed cost ofa dition column is (@) minimum (insite (optimarn. 113, Atminimum reflux rato the operating cost ofa station columns (@) maximum (© optimum minimum (initc (CHEMICAL ENCINBERING OB ETIVE TYPE 114, AL total refx te apicty of distillation column is reo. {@) maximum Oinimoum opamar * (is the mania rao which wil ogi an ina number of ttaye orth separation desied (@y caeaponds io themasimum reboer eat load forthe separation lw comreponds 16 the maximum condenser cooling load forthe Separtiom desired (a ietiways vee 116, Forobsining given separation in ition calms the misma umber of heoetical sages is obs with {@) minimum reflux cao. 8) optimum rex ratio (toa tox (Baer retur ate. 117, Solvent tied in extractive dition (@) ake the relative volality of ie origina components BQ Stiow votnuny {6} mat form no azeouope with he origina substances {@ Sor ese snowers 118, Envainer used in aeotopie disllation of binary mixture (@) forms no azeotope wih the orginal substances forms aminimur-bolingassotope wih ons er both ofthe fed «e)should be of very hh viscosity to provide high way efficiencies {@ Shout Rave very igh latent Rea of vaporization, 119, Whit ofthe following i moe accurate to determine the number of theoretical sages required forthe separation of nonidel Base? systems by dnilaon (a) MeCabe—"Thiele metnoa (8) Ponchon—Savant meted {@) Bom aecabe-Thisle and Poochon—Sev cal good. : 120, McCabe Thiele method i wed to nd the number of teats agestoulredinadstilation operon This method irbasedon he ‘somo {@) te iguitapour loading in each section ofthe tower remains (2) routon's rules applicable (23th Seniie heat ileences are all because te tenperare change fm ty 9 0 all cayatt one above MASS TRANSFER i 121, The flooding in a dstiation column is detected by (oa star nr n pss rp (@) 8 sharp increase in Murphree pte ffciency (6) sharp dereae i preeute ep (G8 sharp decrease In higedold-p nthe column, 122, Entrainment ina dsiaion cturen (@)isdefiedas the lquidcarrod withthe vapou romone tayo the try above (bya detected by decsese in Muephe plate eiciency (©) may be decriental sine it can cary now-voale constituents pears ad Goat hes answers 123 Inside tesla column {@) the diving for he vapoyr flow isthe pressure drop (@) he diving force forthe ligud dow ists wergse (6 he iulds and vapours arc aways thee bse point and dew Point respecuvely (@ Mot were answers, 124 nelle the distlation column (a) the pressue decreases gradliy from boom totopofthe column (0) te highest temperatre fate fp ofthe cla {te presse increases gray fom boom oop fe column {the pressure remains constant 225. Magpie pat efficiency (Eyg) is defined a (© Buy = 2 By = Nt © Bay BEL yyy = HED 126. Overall way effcioney is (@) teratioof he number ofideal ways required tothe numberof eal tesyeroquzed| (©) theratioo the numberof eat raysroquited othe numberof det tuays required (©) the tio of he numberof ea trays eared 10 the umber of (@ te faug ofthe number of overall gas ans nis tthe nmber 127.1 a petfectly mixed flow model the ratio of the Murphece plate efticteney to pont efftency i a weet or foot 0,rere 190 CCHENACAL mvomEERING ORIECTIVE TYPE 128. tna plug ow model the eitftency ts always io oF Marpre ry efficiency t0 point wet wr fst 10, 129, Ne = 0 comeponds to (@) plug Now () taminar ow (6) compete back xing Shere De = ey dfs. 130, pe = = comesponds to (@) compete back ing (plug tow Sohere De = ey dttsivity 11 LeMurphres pt efficiency andthe eral efficiency ae equa, the ‘pera ae equlteiam ines are (a) saigh and parle! (B) Staighe but not paratet, (Gem andr a)curved atop, 132, The minimum residence time for the Hid in the downspout of distlaton column ie (Deno (6 laminar low (oe== (a) 8 min (see ones (@) so se. 153, The recommended tray spacing for distillation tower of diameters apie tities (2) 36 in ©3018 sin (8) 1810201 134, Intheatmospherodstilation owerthe reste dropperteaysaboet (2) 0070412 pst () 0415020 pet (1-2 mm He {0200.30 pst. 138, To ensre reasonably uniform distribtion of Tiqud flow on ingle pst uays in ie dtlaion column, a weir lenginused is about (a) 25 wo 30 percent of uo tower diameter (6) 60 to 75 percent ofthe tower diameter (6) 15 40.20 per cont of the tower diameter (G Sto ts percent of the tower diameter 136, The quid gradient ona way of distillation lower should be kep to (2 er3i0 (250 (O05 in, 137, Which one of he followin uny arangements i ecowmended for MASS TRANSFER wi 138, 1. 0, 1 (0) Crossflow tay (@) Radia tow ay CO Spuittow way (a Cascade aye ‘Account Francis formula the rate of iid flow over asap ‘etangular wer Is proportional oh ee One tine ‘where iid crest over wei Atatixed gas velocity, the gas pressure drop orcountrflow of laud fn gs in random packings (cremains unaffected with change in uid rte (@) increases with increase in agund me {e) decreases with increase in quid rate (a) decreases linearly wih nea i guid rae, Flooding velocies for repular packings {) wl be consiecably gzeater tha for sandom packing {f) wal be consideay smaller than for random packing {) wl be equa to tat for random packing. Fora given ype of tray at loding, the superficial velocity of ga Vp {fe gssoedvided by tenet ros seion fr gas Mw, 0) (0 Ve = er (eee) ©) Ve Cr wolod*™ © Vener (eae) isinche range (2) 06-07 times Nooding velocity (8) 15-17 umes londing velocity (001-03 times flooding velocity (3) 02-03 times Nooding veloc. Separation of binary mitre of gases by absorption in the Haid Solvent depends upon ther differences in (e) densiey () sotabaty (or viseorty {2 Kinematie vscosy “Which ofthe following fr not desieable characterise of solvent for as absorption?1 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE TYPE () Toe solvent should ave very lw vapour pressure (6) The Solvent shou wave low wiszonity (G The gar colby inthe solvent shoud Be low. 145, Low viscosity of solvent is preferred for gas abeertion because of (spi absorption ates (Gp improved flow charctrios {e) so peescure aroos on Pumping (alla the above 146, Fora single compoaent absorber the operating tae (e) always ies below the eguibrum-solbiity curve (@) always les above the equiibsum-solubity curve (6) issraightonty wien pleted in terms of the more faction amis (Ghar nopative shoe for suslercurent operation 147, Fora single component stepper the opersting line (e) always es shove the equistium-soubiity curve (@) always tes below the equitrium-sabaity curve {@)issuaiet only when pioted in es of te paral pressure nis {2} tas tegave slope for eouercurent operation. 148, Fora snsle component abeorber the operating ine aight only se poted in ers of (ap thermo ration waite (8) the paral pressure units {elite mate rato unis Ud allo te above 149, Pera sagle component cocurrentabsoer the slop of the opeating line when ploucas erm se e more rious (@) neeaive (®) 20 (postive (3 inti, 150, The absorption factor is defined a (@) the ratio ofthe slope of the equikeiae Curve 16 that of the ‘Speraine Woe (0) thoprodactof the slopes ofthe opersingine andthe equi (6) theritio ofthe slope of te operating line 0 tatof the egiibium | ( therecipocal ofthe prodystof te sopesof the operating ine and ‘he eqaibaum curve, 151, Fora fixed degree of absorption from a fixed amount of the {Sorption facior would be (equal to unity (2) tess than nity (grater han ety (c)egeal to a et than unity 151, The moe economical value af sbrorption factor varies inthe range MASS TRANSFER, 195 (@ow1 @1asi02 Oswi0 ows 15s, Wen ofthe owing oda et eh abagon HS (2) Supharic seid © Wate © Liga sup ioside —) Momoetnaol amie, 184, tnasingtecompbnent absorber (2 te tiguipase resistances ae small lative to those tl hase relative thse i he gas (©) te Bs phase resistances ae sll eave o those in ie guid (othe tas phase resistances are neligiie (@ botithetiquidphaseresitanceandEasphase resistance ate ne ata 2 185, The Hata number plays an important role in problems of {a) sas absorption without chemical reaction { fa horton ih chemical acon {©)mulicomponendstiation winow chemical reaction Xo solemn exeason 186, At fined temperature, the solubility of gases in solvent () remains consan with change in presrore (6) decreases with netease a eure {© increases wit inseae in pressure (@ decreases exponcaay whiner yh increase pressure 157, Atfined pressure, the solablt of ammonia in water (remains constant with change in empesature {increases with increase tempest (6 decreases with incase in temperature (@ increases inary with crease in emperature 158, The ota vapour pressure of Sn eal whan (a) vais linearly with composition expressed expressed as moe actos (2) saris exponentally with composition esressedastolefinctons ) varies inersly with composition exrcaed as mole actos @isatways 760 mm Hy i ; 159. Te solibity ofa panel tin eal ylation in any Solvent is (always ne same (@) always the diferent always sero {none ofthe above, 160. Fora fixed degree of abscepion from a fixed amount Of gas, the somber often Peo a ee94 ‘CHENACAL ENOTNEERING OBJECTIVE TYPE (e) remains unaected with change in solvent ate (G)tnoreaoee wth increase insolvent ale (serene wit ncreae im sovent Fa (G) decrease inary with creas n solvent ate 161. For absorption of solute gas i solveat 8 with chemical rection of fuaeorder in and the Hasta number i defined as Oma ot] (0 Gace co WaseeDal® whe gs raeton rat snstant 15 [gatd have ne tanseccovicient by physical sb- fusion coefficient of Ain tguld 162, Fora fied dptee ofr absoertion by fixed amount of solvent he frumber of wansfer nits No (e) remsis Constant with change n ea ate (@) decreases wath increase gas Tale (G inereasce with increase in ga ate (G deeresns exponentially wh increase in gas ate 168, The stripping factor i defined as (4) the product of slopes ofthe operating line and equim curve (Ge) the reciprocal of the product of slopes of he operating Hine nd ‘qullinium curve (6 the tlio ofthe slope of the operating line the slope ofthe ui curve (a) trata ofthe slope ofthe egitim curve tothe slope oF the ‘operating te 168, The absorption factor can be nceage by (@) increasing both gas flow rate and solvent low rte (@) decreasing both ens low rte ad solvent low rte (0) treating gas low rte and increasing solvent flow rate (Gh increasing gas flow rate and docreasing solvent flo rae 165. Which of he following is more economical 1 separate acti aid Thom vey diate solution of ace acid in water? (@) Evaporation (@) Solvent (8 Stmoapherie dissitation (@) Drying 166. The distebution coetCicient fr the system water (A)—r wt er Orn. a eee eee eee ee MASS TRANSFER i 1BL, AL pa oi for ternary system (the selec of solvent wl be wity (2 the distbatin ceo fe sot wl be uniy (©) the density dterence betwen the tno eis pases ve (a alto te shove 182, In counterourent igi extraction, te main tion solute i ext yer 4 ae (2) is that coresponding to equilibrium withthe incoming feo (©) isles than he concetration comerpondiog teehee th the incoming fed {© sanbeiacearedthanthatobiainedin (a above by using atinate (a) pone oe above 189. I counterat aud laid enacton the tate B is wad to Sepa tec toma nen ssiuions akc Te ee es toll. The slope ote oprsing tne wil x0 ty Grain | (8 veaatve 184, The use of rely at the extract end of «cents countercwrent extraction plant (@) docs not increase te concestration of slut in extretphase (by increases the concentation of stain enna poe {e) increases the concentration eke eect {Gynoreaes the concentration of luc knee an afin both, 18S, For ined extent of extrcton ina continous iq gui tars on plant the numberof sages equi ()temains constant with chang in solvent rate {@)semains constant with changs in ftlin re {6 increases with increase i vend rts aed feta aio (@ desreases with increase insolvent lead eae Ta, 186, Sugars leached fom sugar beats with (2) cold water (@) hot water satphare seis @ nite ai 187. Vepatable ul are recovered fom oi seeds by lacing wih (2) hot sulphur cid (@) cold water (Gh ntrie acd (hexane 188. Cote is prepared irom coffee beans by leaching with (cou water ) naa (ot water (hot sulphur aiare + 198 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OBFECTIVE TYPE 189, Te ate of extraction in slld-qud systems (e) is unaffected by temperatre (@ increases with increase in temperature (GQ aecreases with inrente in temperature {G,Inergases nearly with increase in temmperte 190. Increase vemperatreincease the rate of extraction in slid iui (6) increased liquid viscosity and decreased dtfsivity (0) inreased liquid viseosity and increased diffosivty (e)dncremed guid vincouty and deceased dalfusety son ec it cy teed iy ound of thelr product has 159 sores of surface ate for adsorption urposes. low many square meters of sutface aes ate there In one ram ofthis material (re = 4840 Square yards) @ se wy ss0 (372 a 187 192, Adsorption of acetone vapour on activated carbon is (a) high endotnermic procene (8) an exothermic peocess {o)alignty endotuemi process (2) mone of the shove 193, Ataziven equilibrium pressure, the concentration of adsorbed gason ‘sorbent said i (a) remains constant with changin temperature (6) increases wit ncreaed temperature (6) decreaces wth increased temperature (decreases linearly with increased temperature 196, When hystersis is observed, the adsorption equlivium pressure (2) is aways equal to that obtaited by adsomption (©) is aways higher than that obtained by adeoyption (© Isalways lower than tht obtained by adsorption (may be equal wo oF higher than that obtained by a8sortion, 195. Physice adsorption is (4) due wo van der Waals forces (@) accompanied by a chemical reaction {e) accompanied by adaoepion of heat (a) one ofthe above 196. Chemisoeption is adsorption (@)secompanied by absoepion of heat (©) accompanied by a chemical reaction ar chemical tonding (0 duc o intemmoleeuar frees of attraction beeen the molecules ‘tie slg and the substance adsorbed 197, What i the por sizeof molecular siewes A? (@) Sam @)05 am (005 am (oosm, 198. Sotocularsleves are regenersted by heating o temperatures (a) tow 100°C {@) above 800°C ()detscen 200 and 315°C (a) below 200°C. 199, siica gets (a) produced by pyrolysis of east (@) an extremely ‘Poros form of slaminiom oxide an amorphous and extremely pores form of SiO> (4) normally regenerated hy esting ta S0—6O"C, 200, Which ofthe following could be wed ar an adsorbing mata for catbon donige? (a) Heated copper oxide (0) Activated alumina (6) Heated charcoal {Cold soli alam hydrox 201, At a given equilibrium pressure and tempers, the avortat= ‘Soncetation onan activated carbon i higher for (a) benzene (@) acetone (oxyeen (@ amctnae. 202, Ata given temperate fowerig the quilibrium pressure (@) wil redce the amount of adsorbate upon the adsortent (@) wil inereae the mount of eaorbate upon the sdaorbent (© tno afc he amount of adsorbate upon the adsorbent (G2) none of the above 203, Molecular sieves are () porous, synthetic elit erga, metal aluminosiiates (6) obtained bythe desmctiveditiition of wood {) porous frm of aluminum oxide 1G) porous form of SiO 204, Activated alumina ie {2) porous form of aluminium oxide {@) porows form of $30 (6) porous, meal aluminosilcates (@) prodvced by destructive distin of crashed, died bones 205. Te relative sdsoeptiity of praia hydrocarbons on carbon (o) remains mnaffectea with change in pressure and temperate(o)dsoreces with woease presse (@) increases with increased pressure (G) creases linearly wit increased pressure 206, Desorption of the adsobed slat by solve i called (a) reverse osmosis (©) dialysis, (Boemlimation| 1d eluon 207, Boend moisture ina solid that liquid which sess an exbrium ‘pour pease {) equal tht ofthe pure uid at he given temperatare (t lese than that ofthe pur id at the given temperature {0 ener than tat of he pore liquid a tke given temperature (equal to ores than shat athepue guid athe given temperature 208: Unboundmosrareinasolid isha liquid whichexerteaneasiioriim vapour pressure (a) equ o tat ofthe pure igi 3 he given temperaore (@) greater han tha ofthe pare ig te given temperate “¢)eaual oor lesan thas ofthe pure liquid atthe given emperature (a) fess than that of the pe aga he lve temperature 209, Free moisture content (a) ist moetre contained bya substance in exces of the equilib (0) leiha guid which i removable sts piven tamperature and si oma (6) may include tound and unbound soistare (a) ait of the above, 210, Atl moisture in a nom hygroscopic material x (@) bound moisture (6) tree motstare (e1nbound mesetre ()equiibiam moisture. = A wet solid et be ded from 80 9 YO% mise, we basis, The ‘moisture to be evaporate, per 1000 Kg of dried produce (2) 430 kg (3888-9 Be (700K (3500s, 212, Constant rte period i that drying period uring which (@)therateof vaporization per utc o drying sutface areas constant (0) the rate of vaporization coninlly decreases with time (6) the rate of vabortrationconsnualy ineeases with time (a) the motature content ofthe substance remains constant. 213. Ifrediation and conduction trough the solid a nelipible, the rate cf deying daring he constant fate pediog Mass TRANSFER, 2s a1. 218, as, 220 20 {6 inceases wit inerease th he mass velocity of gas (© decreases with ineease ne ase elocny fees {sensi natfecnd wih change inthe ass velocity of gat (4h inereases eat with geese nthe mass weoei ake or ral! fw “he ate of dying dering constantate pried (a) is uattctd bythe air temperature {decreases with increase ine temperate (©) increases wth incense wan emporsars (@ increases lineey with neease na temperate “The ate of eying drng constants poiod (2) is uatectea by the sie hominy (increases wit reads huiy { decrees with creed alr homily {@ inereases inary wh nereas Inf uni Rotary driers operated wih the bldyp of materia in therangeof (10200030 (o6wo7s (080 6030 (0 00310 01, “Toe verge enon Ue (6) f sd in a oa rie given by () 9 = Zeb (= oe 5 Zon 90 tae ( o= 228 apparent sold desis kg Stef flow of dy sods Eat)? éec ross section) {95 hold up of sou Formos papons he Bight fom he wa ee otry aier (025 awosoe 040d woaza (6.008 dio 012d (020d wo2sa Swmeze d= dkamec of the drier (Chicano era (Qin nena power ances ct (0 tates power qn psn te er he rotary drier sults in BSee 202 me ms. 226, 229, ‘CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OBIGCTIVE TYPE @ow1 am (016008 a”. RRovary ever are most resdiy built with lengthiametee ratios of (@ 102 @ 4010 (6) 151020 f1wrs, Rotary driers are most economically designed forthe number ofhest- teorfer uns frm (005 005 50.075 {e) the heat anaes i he contoling factor (0) sitasion the controlling factor {6} both the heat wanafer and iftasion are equally important. {ah none ofthe above Cylinder deers are use in (a) deterget industry (©) pharmacevtical nustry Rotary dee ae (@) used to make sie powder (6) ed tomate syatbeue detergent poseder (© staabefor handing fre flowing pranoar mates (stabs for handing sucky materia, Syntetle detergent pode is produced by drying detergent slutty (ey speay deer (cytes ddr (free de {4 en pan evpporator ite powsee tu mae fom mith hy devine i (a) arm afer (6) rotary de (6) spouted bed drier (spray dye, Forte me duty the pressure drop through packed rowers (a) may be less than the pressure drop though plate towers {ymax be more than the pressure drop thowph pte towers (6) willbe equa tothe pressure ean trough plate ewes (willbe equal or more than the pressure drop thous Pst towers, “The rate of leaching depend® upon (o) the parte sve the aesation wisers (eto 5 (2) dairy industry {paper nds: (@) the temperature (2) allot the above Tee composon ia moteyerents sary same the compotion MASSTRANSPER , 203 4) Yau sytem (Gp aeal gases 251, Motaity is defined as (sams sue per am of eivet ) bra moles of sie per gram mole of solvent {@) gram motes of solute pr 1000 gram of solvent (grams of state per 1000 gam of solvent. 232, Ina solution containing 27 Krol of solute and S40 kg af solvent, the (6) solid system [Ballot the shove (ont 050 ose Bs 233, Molaliy is defined at (@) the number of pram mes of sole per lise of solution (6) the number of gram males of soe per 1000 Bram of solvent (Ge numberof gum moles of solute per gram mole of solution (G the numberof gram moter of solute pe ne of solution 234 For ilu solation the more traction of sole (@) directly proportional tthe molality of the solution and the opts ctordcpendsonly ote acca weigher he (©) ively proportional to the molality ofthe solution ant the proportionality tor depends only onthe molecular weight ofthe (© direcy proportional to the molality of the solution and tne reporionality ctor depends onyonthemotecular weight ot (& inversely proportional to te molakty of the solution and the ‘roportonlity factor depends ony onthemolecalar weight the 235, The molality ofa solution containing mmole selue and noes of solvent (om (©) 1600 myinyn) o where M,Z molecular weight ofthe solvent, 236, Fora very iu solution containing m moles of solte andy moles ‘of solvent. the moe fraction of the sot fe appsonuaely egval 19 (mam) nim, tim Om 237, yang ote in the solvent (a) the boting point of solution decreases (6) te fleecing pont of solution increases208 239. 20, 22, 249, 250, 282. 254, (CHENGCAL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE TYPE (e) te vapour pressure of sation decreases (@) the boning post of solution remain constant. Gas 4 difutes othe surface of a catalyst where itis converted into ‘Baccording othe chemical eaction 3A->B. The product ditasee back, The roof ola ent 8 ta Aas Hendy state “The dimensions fr mass ditusivity i fds are Mass difusivity asthe same dimensions a... Seo, itusion na fee stream, away fr a pase boundary, isthe process by which wast eww & sack at dispersed into the amo “The isothermal reversible work roqured for recovery of «pure ‘material from a inure is oughly proportional tHe v.- of te ‘ecigroal athe concentauon in the mise in wih he Subse [5 tound or proaucea {A temperature pradient can ead to ditfsion of species in amixtre Shenintheabsence of aconcentation gradient Taisprocesekaown 1 completly yaleacent gas o aid mate wil develop 3 raliont nthe dtection of uh imposed temperature Baden, i te ison of all amount easern a itt of Wo “The dtfsioncoetticint in gases nd ce with Mere in presur elem rare rane isthe presto Resldsand {Leis numer isthe sao of... number to Pratl number, Sherwood nuniber in ass ante gmalago¥e 6 . mamBer in ‘Ata constant emperarur, the gas solility increases with... in ‘Tye soabitiy any gasisinfiuenced ty the temperature, ina manner ‘which is dsenbed bys... law of mobile equorum, [Atte boiling pointofsolvent, provided vapour pressureislessthan {hat of the pa or vapour solute te yas stub wil Be “The total vapour pressufe ofan ideal solution varies composition xpress as mole racuons “The solubisty of paevlar gasin deal Slaton in any solvent isthe with MASS TRANSFER 20s 256, The isin texperature cases a decrease i glue solubility, which fntum resutsina.- i LG and a aumber f tay than for satel absorption. 257. AL ambionttomperatore and presure.z8t-phise difsion costi- ents ae ofthe onder fo 258. When she solute & very soluble, the controling resistance ia fas absorption process 259, For low -slublity ase Men. fil represents the consoling resistance in Es aorption proce +260, Twedesignc packed.owersuses the concepts Neigh equivalent to 2 theoretical plate (HETP) and overall px pave Height ol a ansier ‘nit @TUpg)-HETP and HTUig values areequal when the operating fd equi ins arc and : 261. Apurge gasisabsorbedina solventin which he gaily soluble, ‘The controlling resistance isi te Sm filo. represents he 2462. Inan absorber guia crve es bays th opeaing 263. Kremser-BroWwn-Souders equation 5 wed to calculte the in plate tower 264. Ina consinaous countercurtent packed absorber operating 09 very lute concent, he volumeate gas maze rater coctficent roporional lg G>" where isthe gay flow rte moles permite er unit empty area, If'G is dogbled, the rao of the height of {asteanser untat th increased pasflow rte totes one utbsoegloal fis flow rate is (Assuming te flow rales are below the flooding point) 265, Forastrppe the operating ine il ay... heequilibrismcarv, 266 Ifthe qulitvium curve x concave upward, eminem quantity of liguidto ie used for countereurrent absoepioncorenponds oan ext- Tiga concentration st equiibrauin with the ae 267. The recipocalofabeerption factorial. factor, 268 Ifthe operaing lin nd egitniue. curve ae Sai lines: the ratio (OCHETHTTU og sweat unity valve othe absorption factor and Teinereaes with. it the abeorption fat. 268. Thekeydlerenceinpckedand plate column isthatcountetiowing “tapout alga contacted with pking and Wh pilates. 270. Absoppion factors the rao of slopes of the operating and equirr 206 CCHERICAL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE TYPE 271, The numberof equllvalnt theoretical plates for a packed ower i 272, Tae ei equivalent oa eee platted Between 273, ithe operating ine and equiva curve are taht ins, the aio Of HETPATUpo sa function of = oy 274, Distillation separates components of guid mixture based op thet diferent 275, The number of theoretical stage required ina feactionting column 27. Fick's second law of fasion can be rigorously applied fr thy ease ‘of the intendiftuion of 278. Energy requlrements na binary dstitation ae minimised when the slopes of thestnpping and rectifying operating ines a tothe aiibetum curve ona McCabe "hile dings. 279, The glne’s slope i determined By wf the fed 2380, The slope of he recy operating Iie eterined by te 281. When the qline moves from vertical extra igh feed) to horizontal (aturated vapour feed), the lope of tosh peating lines sn usually be 10 achieve the same separation ith 2 fined 282, When the q-line moves from venice (saturated iqpd feed) 10 horizontal (eaturated vapour fed the slope of bth operating ines can usualy be Increased to achieve the same separation with fined humber of way The ecules 9 tflux rato dr eho 2383. The slope ofthe sipping operating tne alway ns My 2284. At he aeeotope liquid composition «the sapour compositor 285. For MoCabe-Thicle method, the seciying and sipping operating ines comeide withthe diagonal ine at efi 286, Fo Ponhon Sava msiod he esting and siping operating 2287, Minium theoretical stages reflux may be detenmined a binary factionating column at oa iptically By means ofthe equ 289. 290, 2: 23, 295. 297. 200. SS TRANSFER 207 An infinite numberof stages are require a {iguidTiguid extraction separates components of guid inte ‘The Residual Oi! Solvent Extveuon (ROSE) process employs supereitcal ..4 ocoverhiguid fl rom hey oils ‘The rate of leaching is increased with increased temperature a6 the ‘iscosity ofthe guid Se and he difuses at Migher ‘mediugs trough wih the prils sete “The Td inthe form of coarse limps is leached by ‘The sli after fine grinding i leached by agitation and ‘Thickeners are mechanical devies designed especialy fr contin dusly the rato of slit hguid in adlate sespension of finely ‘Sted parler by sctlingand dectnng, producing clear ud and ‘thickened sludge as wo separate products “The concentation of adsorbed gas decreases with U3 piven equltriam pressor ‘Adsorption i a on proces. Bot the diferent andnteratheat of slain are funtion of Lowering the pressure... the amount of adsorbate upon the voebent aa gives temporatare “the boiling pont ofa completely immiscible system of twoiquids, he ara prene of One component nthe apps aa Ctapeyen uation sates helo ol evapo presue (Causias-Clapeyeon equation predicts suaight ie ploof ogathm fof the vapour presure versus the eeipocal of absolute temperature forthe latent heat of vaporization ata. behaviour of he vapour ase ‘Atte boiling point of liquid atthe prevailing otal presse saturated fhaolute humiaty ie ometimes ealled the humidity208 ‘CHENECAL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE TYPE 236. Eathapy of» vapours mise may Ben By easing the temperate a constant ily. 307. nthlpy of vapours mixture may be tama at cost mperatoe ‘8, Enapy ofa vapours mire may be tempest and fe ha _M. Ligidand vapour represented poinson he vapour pressure cir Capour peste remus emperne) ae calle ne gud ad “pour eect. ‘M0. The ate teat of vaporicton she quan of Het tat mest be ded nocderto antonnsstbeancs rom be ld oth apo teat th same 211 The Ito hea of vaporization decrees at IEEE an Ht trcomes sea te S12, Te following relation etween vapour press and empert, 27 ETTi/T (ge wher vapour pressure Tiesbole onpes Gre, Asiastaneaof apoio Voand',aevolumesotarand tiga repecely. ee cquton 313 Clauses capeyeon equation appiabe fhe vapour obeys. fed the vlume ioe laud ste 214. The end pls fa vapourprssue curve (ypour presse vrs opening a0 ond Suet poe 215. A aubsance at temperature above Hs etal iemprsite 1s aed 26, Hetaddodr given op wi chaging tempered nw at 317 The boting temperature caresponding to 18 nown a8 he tera oting pn ‘Rvapourgt minor Is usatrded i the paral resue of the S18 pours he equa vapeur esere oe gud ae ne tempura 219, Saturated moll absolute humidity depend he ad vapor pressure at n dry-oub pers of he vapouc ga mite 224, Reave saturation and poronage saturaion ee nately qu eas pgm mare [21 The volumeotananeatuted vapour gas intrest podutof he Tandems ofthe ry oe in he mst 222. The humid volun of a8 anttrted vapors misture nesses sith wr go sbtae handy as een tps sed fal presi by increasing the by increasing the 323. The humid volume may be increased by 324, Thehumid volume may be ineteatedby...thebumldityatconstant 325. The humid volume may be increased by the temperate an amity 326 incomveston dyes the veorhghale ae 327. tnt potion of sbumin rom lod plasma by reese eying. a Sra umn srt produced by the ato 328, The veicalaion of age quantes of ait. th hon of ho inthe ae above dato he ese ae .9 Index driers employing te recealation of arg quantiles oi low percemage hams obtated by sl Maha nae poss 590, Reine humid p Jn te inet gas temperature Leds to of baromeuic pressure. 331, Chemical dehumidtcaion i «process whereby the water vapour fiom th iris absorbed or adsorbed bya _ 352, If te chemical dehumidiicaton process of ar Is one of constant enthalpy. the temperature ofthe ne must 2343. The motsture conten ofa sold ca be reduced the au. moisture content for the prevaling air hamid. ‘33, The crite moisture content in general increases With on dying Fat and thickness of sl 835, The equllvium moisture content of oid canbe reduced by ive stoote humidity, 386, Uabound moisture in pranlar and porous solids moves through the capillaries and the’ ntcsces of the solids by a mechanism Invatving 397, During the constant 338. During the constantrate period of drying, the sae of dying inthe sbsence of radition and conduction though the solids proportional {0G Gor won Of Bat, where G ls nas low ate of Ee 339, During the costantate perio of drying, increasing the ae temp ture the te of dng 340, During the constanerate period of drying, increased air humidity Ie ate of drying. ‘41, IC drying occurs rom al surfaces of the slid the ime reauied for Deriod of dying, sutace evaporation of210 (CHENAICAL. ENOMVEERING ORJECTIVE TYPE, daying between fixed Moire content Within the constntate festa inn to etnies 2a, Te effec of temperature, hamiity and sBlosty ofthe 38a thetmess af the soit thee (or constant ate ying ad saturated tice yng. “Ma, When surtace evaporation occis tere mus be movement of. Tom the dope afte soi othe race $344. Ditfusion of liquid moisture may reglt cause of between the ‘depthsof soli wre tieconcentrtion’shigh and ie surface, where itistow. 345, Te critical moisture content increases with Iniceness of slid “Me. The diving time between fxed moist contents within fusion drying rte and onuoled falling at shouldbe propowtonal othe. the oid theless a 247. Chiton-Comurnaralonyenanes he AN ANCE processes ina given flow geometry Math the tems the let column with the appropriate itm inthe "ight colar | 348 (@) Disttation (solvent (©) Absorption Gn, Heat {© Adsorpion Gt, nasorbent {ayton exchange GY) Resin 9. (a) Momentum sifsivgr eee) MO Nias ditisviny (LEME um (oy Momentum isin, fhm nomber o an 5 fo) Troma isis Pranat number > saseaimisiny ve ds For 1) Reynolds number Orca ore eee 350. (a) Dest dryer (), Convection from a ot gas 18) Indirect dryer LU) Conduction from 3 ot rarface () Radiant ever (if) Radiation feo a ot g35 (4) Dieloseie dyer (dV) Miph-requeney elect fields () Kinetic enersy (@) Relative voatiny 7) Centrifugal energy {e)Preumaue nozzle. dit) Disillaion (B Saectivity (@V) Liquid extraction MASS TRANSFER au 352. () Jaz = ~ Day 2 © Geadam's ow Bosanguet formula Fick's fret aw Fick's second law 358.) se (Sherwood nanber Be rao nb seao(2) (un Seria numer wo & (0 Reyne mame ass.io wrest (rosin ate ume Moat sae may (a) Nbugpisce way ficiency oe dV) Permeabiiy 355, (a) Peslinaton of ea water) Zone reining (by Sepa rom ts). Foam eration «cy Separation of eteraent—— 0) Thema ifsion a Ultrapure metals and IV) Reverse osmosis 356. (2) 10pales © Psychometric ratio. ) soanete dD) Lewis number holly EB, Resative mtaration Mec (Uv) Percentage sation 357, o wy ay