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Our Constitution Notes

The Constitution of India came into effect on January 26, 1950, establishing India as a Sovereign Democratic Republic and regulating the powers of the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. The Constituent Assembly, formed in 1946, took nearly three years to draft the Constitution, which consists of 395 articles and was chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. January 26 is significant as it marks both the commencement of the Constitution and the historical resolution for complete independence declared by the Congress in 1930.

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22 views2 pages

Our Constitution Notes

The Constitution of India came into effect on January 26, 1950, establishing India as a Sovereign Democratic Republic and regulating the powers of the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. The Constituent Assembly, formed in 1946, took nearly three years to draft the Constitution, which consists of 395 articles and was chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. January 26 is significant as it marks both the commencement of the Constitution and the historical resolution for complete independence declared by the Congress in 1930.

Uploaded by

iamjoannamathew
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Our Constitution

Introduction

• Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950.

• India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic.

• Regulates positions and powers of legislative, executive, and judiciary.

• Assumes importance in moderating relations between government and governed.

• Protects citizens' interests and restrains arbitrary decisions by the government.

• Ensures smooth governance for the welfare of citizens.

Formation of the Constituent Assembly

• The first sitting on December 9, 1946, at the Central Hall of Parliament, presided by Dr
Sachidananda Sinha.

• Dr. Rajendra was the president of the Constituent Assembly in 1946.

• Muslim League boycotted the Assembly for a separate state (Pakistan).

• Members from territories going to Pakistan withdrew.

• Membership: 299 members.

• Enactment of the Indian Constitution on November 26, 1949.

Composition of the Constituent Assembly

• Cabinet Mission ensured representation to the General, Muslim, and Sikh categories.

• Congress leaders ensured representation for other communities.

• Anglo-Indians represented by Mr. Frank Anthony and Mr. S.H. Prater.

• Indian Christians represented by Dr. H.C. Mukherjee and Joseph D’Souza.

• Parsees represented by Dr H.P. Modi.

• Muslim community represented by Zafar Imam and Mohammad Saadullah.

• Sikhs were represented by Sardar Hukum Singh and Ujjal Singh.

Objectives Resolution

• Proposed by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.

• Free India as a republic, guaranteeing social, political, and economic democracy.

• Republic granting Fundamental Rights to citizens.

• Safeguarding rights of minorities and backward classes.


Time Taken

• Nearly 3 years for the Constituent Assembly to pass the Constitution.

• Consisted of 395 articles and 8 schedules.

Drafting Committee

• 8 committees were appointed, with the Drafting Committee chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

• Dr Ambedkar's contribution to the Constitution as the chief architect.

Implementation of the Constitution

• Clauses relating to citizenship came into force immediately.

• C. Rajagopalachari became Governor General, replacing Lord Mountbatten.

• Constituent Assembly became a provisional parliament until new General Elections.

Significance of January 26

• Commencement of the Constitution.

Lahore Session of the Congress - resolution declaring Poorna Swaraj/Complete Independence to


be the objective of the Congress on January 26, 1930

• January 26, 1950, marked Republic Day after achieving independence on August 15, 1947.

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