Overview of Mobile
Communication
Mais A. Mohammed Ali H. Alsaeedi
Zainab K. Abd El-Ridha
Supervised by:
Asst. Prof. Dr. Intisar S. Al-Mejibli
2021-2022
Outline
» Mobile computing Concept
» Motivations of Mobile Computing
» The Benefits of Mobile Computing
» Challenges of Mobile Computing
» Applications of mobile computing
» Internet Computing
» Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing
» Mobile Computing Models and Architectures.
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Main References
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Mobile Computing Concept
» Mobile Computing (MC) describes technologies that enable people to access network
services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere, with portable and wireless communication (without
any physical link or cable).
» MC is a generic term that refers to a variety of devices that allow people to access data and
information from wherever they are.
» MC transports data, voice, and video over a network via a mobile device.
» The Computing Environment is mobile and moves along with the user.
» The MC Characteristics:
» User Mobility: user should be able to move from one physical location to another use the
same services,
» Network Mobility: user should be able to move from one network to another use the
same services,
» Device Mobility: user should be able to move from one device to another use the
same services,
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Motivations of Mobile Computing
» Location Flexibility: users need to work from anywhere.
» Saves Time: time consumed or wasted while travelling from different locations.
» Enhanced Productivity: Users can work efficiently and effectively if they work from
whichever location they find comfortable*.
» Ease of Research: Research has been made easier, since users earlier were required to
go to the field and search for facts and feed them back into the system.
» Entertainment: Video and audio recordings can now be streamed on-the-go using
mobile computing.
» Streamlining of Business Processes: Business processes are now easily available
through secured connections.
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* Witte JC, Mannon SE. The Internet and social inequalities. Routledge; 2010 Feb 1. 5
The Benefits of Mobile Computing
1. Connectivity: You can stay connected to all sources at all times. Constant
connectivity ensures that people can respond to emergencies relatively quickly.
2. Social Engagement: You can interact with a variety of users via the Internet.
3. Personalization: You can tailor your mobile computing to your individual needs.
4. Flexibility: people communicate with each other regardless of location.
5. Cost Effectiveness: no need of any physical infrastructure or maintenance practice.
6. Speed: The network connectivity was much improved in accuracy and speed.
7. Accessibility: easy accessibility to the remote areas is possible (e.g in rural areas,
online education is now possible.
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Challenges of Mobile Computing
1. Communication
» fewer resources comparing with stationary (wired) computers,
» Disconnections, Low Bandwidth and Bandwidth Variability.
2. Mobility
» The volatility of some information because of mobility.
» Address Migration, Location–dependent Information.
» Routing managements (should be done with a minimum of overhead)
3.Security Risk
» Low security level compare with stationary computers(Intrusion Detection System IDS)
4. Portability
» Risks to Data, Low Power (short battery lifetime), Small User Interface, Small Storage
Capacity
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Mobile Computing Models And Architectures
Global Positioning System (GPS)
» The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite
navigation system that provides location and time information in all
weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an
unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
» The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military, civil and
commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS is the backbone
for modernizing the global air traffic system, weather, and location
services.
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Mobile Computing Models And Architectures (3G)
» 3G or third generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of
standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunication services
fulfilling the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)
specifications by the International Telecommunication Union.
» Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile
Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.
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Mobile Computing Models And Architectures
(3G)
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Mobile Computing Models And Architectures
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
» Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data
for mobile phones and data terminals.
» It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the
capacity and speed using new modulation techniques.
» It is related with the implementation of fourth Generation (4G) technology.
» The main targets for this evolution are:
1. increased data rates,
2. improved spectrum efficiency,
3. improved coverage,
4. reduced latency and packet-optimized system that support multiple Radio Access
Technologies.
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LTE
Add a footer 12
Mobile Computing Models And Architectures
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
» WiMAX (Wireless Inter-operability for Microwave Access) is a wireless
communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates,
with the latest update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations.
» It is a part of a fourth generation or 4G wireless-communication technology.
» WiMAX far surpasses the 30-metre wireless range of a conventional Wi-Fi LAN
(signal radius of about 50 km) offers data transfer rates that can be superior to
conventional cable-modem and DSL connections, however, the bandwidth must be
shared among multiple users and thus yields lower speed in practice.
Lavish Kansal, Gurjot Singh Gaba, Ashutosh Sharma, Gaurav Dhiman, Mohammed Baz, Mehedi Masud, "Performance Analysis of WOFDM-
WiMAX Integrating Diverse Wavelets for 5G Applications", Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2021, Article
ID 5835806, 14 pages, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5835806 13
GPS
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https://www.electronicdesign.com/industrial-automation/article/21806645/whatever-happened-to-these-once-hot-communications-technologies 15
WiMAX
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Mobile Computing Models And Architectures
Near Field Communication (NFC)
» Near Field Communication (NFC) is
a set of standards for smartphones
and similar devices to establish radio
communication with each other by
touching them together or bringing
them into close proximity, usually no
more than a few centimeters.
» Present and anticipated applications
include contactless transactions, data
exchange, and simplified setup of
more complex communications such
as Wi-Fi. Communication is also
possible between an NFC device and
an unpowered NFC chip, called a
"tag".
https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5406789/near-field-communication-nfc-market-2021-2027 17
https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5406789/near-field-communication-nfc-market-2021-2027 18
Applications Of Mobile Computing
» Research “93% of consumers who use their mobile device to research
prospective products and services end up making a purchase.”
» Mobile Communication If a client has any immediate issues or questions, mobile
technology provides him with the best service possible.
» Texting helps you communicate small updates like arrival time to meetings.
» GPS is a great tool when using your mobile technology in sales.
» Web and POS Purchasing Mobile technology will increase the sales. Optimizing
your business’ website to work well on mobile devices will allow consumers to
quickly buy your company’s products.
» Badger Maps Mobile App can access all the information necessary to keep
communication open at all times. Create an optimized route to all your clients in
Badger.
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Applications Of Mobile Computing (Web or Internet Access, Vehicles, Medical,
Sales, Emergencies, Entertainment, GPS and Education)
» vehicles can communicate detour,
traffic accident, and congestion
information with nearby vehicles via
message exchange (V2V) early to
reduce traffic jam near the affected
areas.
» VANETs applications enable vehicles to
connect to the Internet via (V2I) to
obtain real time news, traffic, alerting
of emergency conditions, weather
reports, gaming and file sharing.
» safety messaging are near-space
applications, where vehicles in close
proximity of the order of few meters,
exchange status information to
increase safety awareness. Vehicles
BEST
Shrivastava, Himani & Kurchaniya, Diksha. (2020). Routing Protocol FOR
in Wireless Communication: Challenges and Discussions. r 20
You
O R G A N I C S
Applications Of Mobile Computing
» Mobile technologies have emerged as
important tools that health care
personnel can use to gain easy access
to client data anywhere.
» useful for nurses and care workers in
home health care as they provide
services to clients in many different
settings and can access to patient
information on-demand and at any
location.
» Mobile devices can save time, reduce
errors, and real time data access at the
point-of-care.
Medical
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Applications Of Mobile Computing
Kaljot Sharma, Darpan Anand, Munish Sabharwal, Pradeep Kumar Tiwari, Omar Cheikhrouhou,
Tarek Frikha, "A Disaster Management Framework Using Internet of Things-Based Interconnected
Devices", Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2021, Article Emergencies
ID 9916440, 21 pages, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9916440 22
Applications Of Mobile Computing
» Storage of information.
» Quick data processing.
» Audio-visual aids in teaching.
» Better presentation of information.
» Access to the Internet.
» Quick communication between students,
teachers and parents.
Education
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In Car
Games
Entertainment App
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/pervasive-computing
Internet Computing
» is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
effort or service provider interaction.
An Internet computing architecture provides:
» universal access to any person with a browser via different platforms (mobile phone,
laptops, and PDAs).
» unified views of critical data.
» scalability to support retailers of any size
» flexibility that allows implement new business rules quickly.
» lower total cost of ownership.
» streamlined communication processes and simplified distribution of critical business
information across the enterprise.
https://licittech.com/mobile-computing-characteristics-and-its-application/ 25
Ubiquitous or Pervasive Computing
» Is based on the concept of what happens when
computers move away from the desktop and become
immersed in the surrounding environment.
» instead of making computers the central object, they
would become invisible as technology became
successful, it became invisible.
» motors have become invisible. Motors are found in
various types of equipment and machines such as
toothbrushes, hair dryers, car windows, and automatic
locks.
- When Wearable Computing Meets Smart Cities: Assistive Technology Empowering Persons With Disabilities
João Soares de Oliveira et al , Source Title: Smart Cities and Smart Spaces: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications , Copyright: © 2019 |Pages: 21, DOI: 10.4018/978-1-
5225-7030-1.ch060
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Ubiquitous or Pervasive Computing
Wearable Computing (WC)
» is grown out of the ubiquitous computing community.
» The computing infrastructure moves onto the body of
its users or into their clothing.
» WC make ubiquitous computing truly person-centric.
- Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2021) Vol.03/ No.01 Pages: 23-32 https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/ DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2021.1.003
- Rodrigues, Joel & Segundo, Dante & Arantes Junqueira, Heres & Sabino, Murilo & Prince, Rafael & Al-Muhtadi, Jalal & Albuquerque, Victor. (2018). Enabling Technologies for 27
the Internet of Health Things. IEEE Access. PP. 1-1. 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2789329.
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