Name Kevin Chucas León ____________Class 8B_____________Date 7/07/22____________________
Section 1: Nutrients and Homeostasis
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
Cells require many different nutrients.
VOCABULARY
mineral Calorie
vitamin
MAIN IDEA: SIX TYPES OF NUTRIENTS HELP TO MAINTAIN
HOMEOSTASIS.
Fill in the Concept Map to list the six types of nutrients.
Six nutrients needed every day
6. Vitamins
2. Carbohydrates 4. fats
needed for needed for needed for
1. Water 3proteins Minerals
energy energy cell
needed for
needed for membranes needed for
regulating
growth, repair, cell functions,
enzymes, growth, development
hormones
chemical reactions in
cellular processes;
cells, digestion, waste
tissue building and
elimination, temperature
repair, including bone
regulation, skin
and tooth formation
moisture
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology 1 Digestive and Excretory Systems
Study Guide A Section 1: Nutrients and Homeostasis
Name Kevin Chucas León ____________Class 8B_____________Date 7/07/22____________________
Study Guide A continued
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
7. Drinking about eight glasses of water a day helps maintain the body’s
homeostasis by replacing fluids lost through sweat, urine,
and respiration.
8. Proteins are composed of chains of Amino Acids
9. The eight amino acids that are not made by the body and must be consumed in
food are called essential amino acids
10. Animal fats that are solid at room temperature are
Saturated fats.
MAIN IDEA: MEETING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS SUPPORTS GOOD HEALTH.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
11. Eating a balanced diet is particularly important during pre-teen and
teen years because this is a time of rapid growth and development.
12. Whole grains, vegetables, and fruits are rich in three of the six types of
nutrients: vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
13. You are checking the number of Calories from fat on a food label. You also
need to know the serving size to get an accurate Calorie count for a single
serving.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the word or term that best completes the sentence.
14. A Calorie equals 1000 calories.
15. The Latin term vita means “life.” Vitamins are nutrients that work with
enzymes to regulate the life functions of a cell.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology 2 Digestive and Excretory Systems
Study Guide A Section 1: Nutrients and Homeostasis
Name Kevin Chucas León ____________Class 8B_____________Date 7/07/22____________________
Section 2: Digestive System
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
The digestive system breaks down food into simpler molecules.
VOCABULARY
digestion esophagus chyme
digestive system peristalsis small intestine
sphincter stomach bile
MAIN IDEA: SEVERAL DIGESTIVE ORGANS WORK TOGETHER TO BREAK
DOWN FOOD.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. The main function of digestion is to break down large complex molecules in
food into smaller molecules that can be used by the cells of the body.
2. The digestive system consists of organs that contribute to the breakdown of
food.
3. The organs of the digestive system are separated by sphincters
that keep food moving in one direction.
4. After digestion is completed, nutrients are transported by the circulatory and
lymphatic systems to all the cells of the body.
MAIN IDEA: DIGESTION BEGINS IN THE MOUTH AND CONTINUES IN THE
STOMACH.
Number the phrases below to show the sequence of events that takes place during
digestion. Use Figure 2.4 to help you.
5. 3 Food moves into the stomach, where gastric juice
is produced, and proteins are digested into a
semi-liquid chime.
1 Food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
4 Food moves into the small intestine, where proteins, fats, and sugars are
digested.
2 Food is swallowed and moves into the esophagus.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology 3 Digestive and Excretory Systems
Study Guide A Section 2: Digestive System
Name Kevin Chucas León ____________Class 8B_____________Date 7/07/22____________________
Study Guide A continued
Fill in the chart below with the names of the key digestive enzymes.
Enzyme Function
break down starches into
6. Amylase simpler sugars
break down proteins into
7. Peptides amino acid
breaks down fats
8. Lipase
MAIN IDEA: DIGESTION IS COMPLETED IN PART OF THE SMALL
INTESTINE.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
9. A mucus lining helps keep the stomach from digesting itself.
10. Most digestion takes place in the Small intestine.
11. The liver produces a bile, which helps digest fats.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the vocabulary term that best completes the sentence.
12. The Greek term ois- refers to “carrying something,” and phagos means “food.”
The Esophagus is an organ through which food moves as it travels from the
mouth to the stomach.
13. Peristalsis is the rhythmic, involuntary contraction of the smooth muscles that
line the walls of the digestive system.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology 4 Digestive and Excretory Systems
Study Guide A Section 4: Excretory System
