Practice

Natural Process

The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above and
below the surface of the Earth.

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The drawing illustrates the process in which water is (1)__________ in different forms through three
certain environments.

Overall, there are three main phases taking place in the water cycle, which are ocean water evaporating,
rain water precipitating and underground water flowing to the ocean.

The evaporation stage (2)__________ as the rays of the sun heat the ocean water, causing it to
evaporate. This amount of water evaporated from the oceans (3)__________ 80% of water vapour in
the air which is the (4)____________ for the condensation step to form clouds. Then, at the second
phase - precipitation, these clouds can create either rain or snow which falls back to the earth
(5)__________.

At the third stage, rain water can flow through two main (6)__________. Some may fall into lakes or
return to the oceans via ‘surface runoff’. Otherwise, it may be (7)___________ through the ground,
creating underground water and (8)____________ with the water runoff from the mountain at the
impervious layer of the earth. The mixed water is then intruded by salt water before (9)___________
back to the ocean, and the cycle begins (10)__________.

constitutes routes requirement occurs streaming

combining surface circulated anew absorbed

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The diagram illustrates how rocks are formed and obliterated due to erosion, heat and pressure.

Overall, there are three stages in the (1)________ process which creates sedimentary, metamorphic and
igneous rock.

Initially, rock on the surface of the Earth is (2)________ by the weather into sand and small stones which
are then transported to the sea. These (3)________ to the bottom of the sea where they form a layer of
sediment. Over time, more sediment (4)_____________ on top and the pressure turns the sediment
below into sedimentary rock. As the sedimentary is (5)_______________, the pressure and heat
increases. Consequently, the sedimentary rock changes into metamorphic rock.

After metamorphic rock is formed, it may slowly (6)________ up to the Earth’s surface and the process
of erosion and sedimentation repeats. (7)_______________, the metamorphic rock may (87)_________
to go deeper into the earth. When it reaches a certain level of pressure and heat, it (9)________ and
becomes magma. This magma then rises to the surface through a volcano. When it cools on the earth’s
surface, igneous rock is (10)_____________ and the process of erosion begins again.

builds up fall continue melts pushed down

cyclical coagulated alternatively eroded pass

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The drawing illustrates a natural process in which a volcanic island rises above the sea level.

Overall, the process is (1)_________ into nine stages, commencing with a mountain (2)__________ the
sea, continuing with an explosion, and ending with an underwater reef.

In the first two stages, which are called the ‘preshield’ and ‘protoshield’ stages, a mountain gradually
(3)_________ with a hyaloclastic layer becoming (4)_________ under the surface of the sea. Next, in the
‘explosive’ phase, hydro-explosions (5)_________, which creates a cone of ash. A large number of cinder
cones then (6)_____________ to form a ‘shield’ on top of the volcano.

In the following stage, this shield gradually (7)_________ and subsides to form reefs and sediments
below the surface of the sea. However, there may be (8)__________ volcanic activity including lava
flows. By the time of the ‘coral atoll’ stage, the original form of the volcano has (9)______________, and
lagoons are created as a result of reefs accumulating and cinder cones gradually submerging. Finally, the
whole structure (10)_________ further under the sea during the ‘guyot’ stage.

erodes beneath disappeared bigger occur

pile up sinks builds divided ongoing