KJSEA TOPICAL REVISION

AGRICULTURE & NUTRITION

GRADE 7-9 TOPICAL QUESTIONS

A COMPILATION OF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS FOR EACH

STRAND AND SUBSTRAND FOR GRADES 7-9

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STRAND 1: CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES
Review Exercise 1.1 A
1. Mr Korir asked his Grade 7 learners to define the term soil pollution. Suggest the suitable response that
he expected from his learners?

2. During an agricultural walk around the school, Grade 7 learners found out that the crops in some parts
of the school garden were not healthy. What might have been the reason behind this observation?

3. Identify three causes of soil pollution in your local community?

4. Mwangi who is a potato farmer carried out a test on his farm and found that the soil had toxic
substances. State one causes for this?

5. Farmers from Uriri Sub County realized that their crops were doing poorly because of soil pollution.
identify three measures the farmers can use to restore production.

Review Exercise 1.1 B

1. During Agriculture lesson, learners discussed about major causes of soil pollution. Which of the
following was one of the points of discussion?

A. Crop rotation B. Plastic waste C. Organic farming D. Mulching

2. Which of the following is NOT a common effect of soil pollution?

A. Reduced soil fertility

B. Contaminated ground water

C. Increased crop yield

D. Harm to soil micro-organism.

3. Grade 7 learners discussed about the effects of industrial wastes to the soil and control measures.
Which one of the following practices helps to prevent contamination from industrial waste?

A. Open dumping of waste

B. Proper waste treatment and disposal

C. Increasing industrial production

D. Using more plastics

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4. Which one of the following is a method of controlling soil pollution?

A. Integrated pest management

B. Overuse of chemical fertilizers.

C. Monocropping

D. Slashing and burning

5. One of the following is not a method of controlling soil pollution within our home environment. Which
one is it?

A. Regular testing of soil

B. Proper disposal of household Waste

C. Using mulches or cover crops to cover bare soil

D. Treating industrial waste

6. Three of the following are ways of creating awareness on soil pollution. Which one is not?

A. Use of print media

B. Use of songs

C. Use of soil conservation measures

D. Educating people through seminars

Review Exercise 1.2 A

1. Michael is interested in ways to make farms more resilient to drought. How can the use of water
retention pits in the fields help conserve rainwater for use during dry periods?

2. Isabella is helping to plana new pasture area for livestock. How can water retention ditches help
manage water runoff?

3. Noah is advocating for organic farming methods which require careful water management. How could
strategically place water retention pits aid in reducing the need for irrigation?

4. Samantha is interested in greenhouse farming and wants to implement an effective water management
system. How could water retention ditches. around the perimeter of a greenhouse help in managing excess
water?

5. Liam is helping to design a vegetable garden that requires efficient water management. How could the

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use of water retention pits help maintain moisture levels in the soil? 6. Jacob wants to propose a
sustainable farming project that includes water conservation. How could he use a combination of water
retention ditches and pits to optimize water usage and support sustainable practices?

7. Mia is worried about soil erosion affecting crop yields on a local farm. How could water retention
ditches help minimize erosion? What considerations should she take into account regarding the slope of
the fields?

8. Ethan learns about crop rotation and its benefits. How could integrating water retention pits into this
strategy help manage more efficiently on the Water more farm?

9. Ava is planning to help her uncle improve water management in his orchard. How could she design
water retention ditches to ensure trees receive adequate water during dry spells.

Review Exercise1.2 B
1. Lily is planning to establish a garden that helps reduce surface runoff. What should she include in her
garden to conserve surface runoff?

A. Concrete pathways

B. More flower beds

C. Water retention pits

D. Plastic decorations

2. Marcus noticed water runoff quickly from his schoolyard during rains. What can the school do to help
reduce this runoff?

A Waterproof tiles

B. Cover cropping such as grass

C. Glass covers

D. Metal sheets

3. Sofia wants to help her community manage storm water. Which structure should she suggest building
in public areas?

A. Sculptures B. Detention basins C. Tall fences D. Concrete benches

4. Juan is designing a project prevent water runoff in his neighborhood, Which feature should he include
in his plan?

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A. Alleyways along the sidewalks

B. Brightly painted walls

C. Solid asphalt roads

D. Wooden play structures

5. Emma is working on a science project about water conservation. She decides to build a model
demonstrating a useful structure for reducing surface runoff. What should her model include?

A. A constructed wetland

B. A mini basketball court

C. A sandbox

D. A synthetic grass field

6. Alex noticed that the hill behind his house experiences a lot of erosion during heavy rains. What could
be constructed to help slow down the water flow and reduce erosion?

A. A slide B. A zipline C. Terraces D. A viewing deck

7 Ning wants to reduce water runoff in her backyard. Which of the following should she consider?

A. Tile flooring

B. Planting grass and flowers

C. A metal sculpture

D. A bird bath

8. Tom is helping his town plan a new park. To minimize water runoff, what feature should he ensure is
included in the park's design?

A. Large concrete areas

B. Neon lighting

C. Steel playground equipment

D. Retention ponds

9. Leah is learning about sustainable living and wants to apply it at her home. What can she construct to
help reduce the impact of surface runoff?

A. Solar panels

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B. A retention ditch

C. Infrared sensors

D. Electric fences

10.Chris is part of a student group that focuses on environmental improvements at school. What could
they propose to make on school grounds to help manage runoff effectively?

A. More benches

B. Brighter lights

C. Larger trash cans

D. Water retention structures

Review Exercise 1.3 A

1. You have just bought fresh vegetables from the market. How would you store them to ensure minimal
nutrient loss over a week?

2. Anna is tasked with preparing a vegetable salad for a family gathering. How should she cut and
prepare the vegetables to retain maximum nutrients?

3. James has recently been advised by his doctor to incorporate more vegetables into his diet. As he
prepares meals, how can he adapt his cooking techniques to ensure that vitamins and minerals are retained
in the vegetables, supporting his health goals?

4. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are organic farmers. How can they implement sustainable farming practices
to enhance the nutrient content of their vegetables?

5. You are preparing dinner and faced with the choice of boiling or steaming broccoli. How do you think
each cooking method would impact the nutrient content of the broccoli and which method would you
choose to retain its vitamins and minerals?

6. Anna is interested in maximising nutrient intake from vegetables. How can she integrate vegetable
skins and peels into recipes to the most vitamins ensure she gets and minerals?

7. You have decided to make a vegetable soup using carrots and potatoes. How would you incorporate the
skins and peels of these vegetables into your recipe to maximise the nutritional benefits? Describe the
cooking would techniques or methods you use to retain as many vitamins and minerals as possible while
preparing the soup.

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Review Exercise 1.3 B
1. Sarah wants to cook spinach. Which method should she use to retain the most vitamins and minerals?

A. Boiling in a large amount of water

B. Steaming over boiling water

C. Roasting in the oven

D. Sautéing with olive oil

2. Coach Nyakina emphasizes nutrient conservation. How should he advise his clients to cook kales for
optimal vitamins retention?

A. Steaming for 3 minutes

B. Boiling for 10 minutes

C. Baking with cheese

D. Microwaving with lemon juice

3. Chef Obama promotes fresh ingredients. What cooking method should she recommend jor preserving
nutrients in zucchini?

A. Boiling with salt

B. Steaming until tender

C. Grilling over open flame

D. Sautéing in butter

4. Emily is teaching a class on preserving vitamins. What method should she demonstrate for cooking
carrots to maintain beta-carotene?

A. Boiling in water

B. Steaming with a lid

C. Roasting with spices

D. Sautéing in olive oil

5. James is making a salad. How should he prepare the tomatoes to conserve their vitamin C content?

A. Peeling before slicing

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B. Slicing without peeling

C. Chopping into small pieces

D. Dicing after peeling

6. Chef Bakari is teaching a class on nutrient preservation. What method should she demonstrate for
cooking asparagus to retain vitamins?

A. Boiling until tender

B. Steaming until bright green

C. Baking in a covered dis

D. Frying until crispy

7. Nyambura has lettuce and kales. How should he store them to keep them fresh and retain their vitamins?

A. Store in the pantry

B. Store in an open container in the refrigerator

C. Freeze in airtight containers

D. Wrap in a damp paper towel and store in a plastic bag in the crisper drawer

8. Maria is preparing vegetables for dinner. How should she wash them to retain the most nutrients?

A. Wash under cold running water

B. Soak in warm water with vinegar

C. Scrub vigorously with a brush

D. Peel off the outer layers

9. Akinyi wants to peel vegetables. When should she peel them to retain nutrients?

A. Before washing

B. After washing

C. Immediately before cooking

D. Just before serving

10.David is freezing vegetables. Should he blanch them before freezing to retain nutrients?

A. Yes, blanch in boiling water briefly

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B. No, freeze them raw

C. No. blanch in ice water after freezing

D. Yes, blanch in ice water before freezing

11.Njeri is at the market. How should she select spinach to ensure it retains its nutrients?

A. Choose bunches with wilted leaves

B. Opt for pre-packaged spinach in plastic bags

C. Pick bunches with yellowing edges

D. Select leaves that are bright green and crisp

Review Exercise 1.4 A

1. Trees reduce soil erosion. Explain.

2. A lot of wildlife are dependent on the trees. What are the benefits of the trees to wildlife?

3. Activists were campaigning for environmental conservation. What does it mean?

4. Allan is an activist campaigning towards conservation of the environment. What qoals does he have?

5. People who live in places with no trees say that the temperature is very high. How do trees contribute
towards lowering the temperature?

6. Planting trees is good for conservation of the environment. Which type of trees do you think are best
for planting?

Review Exercise 1.4 B

1. Growing trees is important because it reduces climate change. How does this happen?

A. By absorbing carbon dioxide

B. By absorbing oxygen

C. By absorbing carbon monoxide

D. By absorbing smoke and dust

2. Environmental conservation involves protecting natural resources. The following are key aspects in

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environmental conservation except?

A. Natural resources management

B. Pollution control

C. Climate change monitoring

D. Reduction of biodiversity

3. Planting trees protect the natural environment. Which of the following is not part of the natural
environment?

A. Rivers B. Soil C. Electric power dam D. Animals

4. People benefit economically from trees. Which of the following is not an economic benefit of planting
trees?

A. To get timber for making furniture

B. To get fruits for sale

C. To get nuts for the birds to feed on

D. To get ingredients for medicine

5. Which of the following benefits does tree planting contribute towards environmental Conservation?

A. Decrease water availability

B. Reduce carbon dioxide level

C. Increase plastic production

D. Promote urbanization

6. What role does the community play in the successful environmental conservation through tree planting?

A. It promotes ownership and stewardship

B. It has no significant contribution

C. It denies funding

D. It increases delays and costs

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Review exercise 1.5 A
1. Emily is a new graduate in environmental science who has just started working with a local agricultural
extension service. She is tasked with educating farmers about the importance of soil conservation
measures. During a community meeting, a farmer asks Emily to define soil conservation measures. How
should Emily respond to clearly define soil conservation measures?

2. Grade 8 learners were discussing about soil conservation methods. List five common soil conservation
methods that they discussed.

3. John wants to plough his farm which slopes toward the nearby river; he was advised to do contour
farming. Explain how contour farming helps to prevent soil erosion.

4. Lucia discovered one part of their farm was not much eroded due the presence of Napier grass used asa
cover crop. Discuss the benefits of using cover crops in soil conservation.

5. Grade 8 learners were advised to plant grass on the base of the water way. What may be the reason for
planting grass?

6. Sam discovered that his uncle was putting heap of stones along the contours. Describe how the heap of
stones prevents soil erosion?

Revision Questions 1.5 B

1. A farmer owns a piece of land on a gentle slope that has been experiencing significant soil erosion
during heavy rains. What soil conservation measure would you recommend to the farmer and how should
it be implemented?

A. Maintain the contour ploughing regularly to ensure the furrows remain effective in preventing erosion.

B. To plough along the slope

C. Dig trenches along the slope to take off running water.

D. Sell and buy another land elsewhere.

2. A farmer is facing issues with soil erosion and nutrient depletion after harvesting the main crop. The
following are effective necessary measures in addressing both issues and how should it be applied except?

A. Choose an appropriate cover crop that suits the climate and soil type.

B. Plant the cover crop immediately after the main crop is harvested.

C. Allow the cover crop to grow during the off-season, then either incorporate it into the soil before
planting the next main crop or use it as mulch.

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D. Make a farm a grazing ground for the animal.

3. A farmer has land on a steep hillside that is highly susceptible to soil erosion. What soil conservation
technique can be used to make the land more suitable for agriculture and prevent erosion?

A. Partitioning the farm in different portions.

B. Construct the terraces by cutting into the slope and building retaining walls if necessary.

C. To plant crops at the end of the slope

D. To plant crop up and down the slope of the farm.

4. John wants to reduce soil disturbance and maintain soil health on their farm. What soil conservation
method would you suggest, the following steps can be used to implement it except?

A. Burning vegetation in the farm

B. Leave crop residues on the field after harvesting to protect the soil surface.

C. Rotate crops to manage pests and improve soil health.

D. Monitor the field for any weed issues and manage them through cover crops, crop rotation or targeted
herbicide use.

5. A farmer in a tropical region wants to improve soil conservation and diversify their farm's productivity.
What approach can be recommended?

A. Clear all the vegetation in the field.

B. Plant these trees and shrubs in strategic locations, such as along field boundaries or interspersed with
crops.

C. Fence the farm with barbed wire

D. Cut down any tree growing in the field

6. Mercy was putting plant remains and residues along the contours. What might be the reason for her to
do so?

A. To prevent weeds from growing.

B. To trap pests that may eat the crops.

C. To keep the soil warm.

D. To prevent moving soil materials from being swept away.

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Review Exercise 1.6 A
1. John lives in a rural village that experiences long dry seasons. To address water scarcity, John has
decided to install a rainwater harvesting system for his home. He has started by drawing a simple plan of
his house and marking where he will place the components of the system. Based on John's plan, identify
the main components of the rainwater harvesting system and explain the function of each component.

2. Alex wants to calculate the potential amount of rainwater he can harvest from his roof. He has
measured the dimensions of his roof and found that it is 10 meters long and 8 meters wide. The average
annual rainfall in his area is 800 mm. Calculate the total volume of rainwater Alex can harvest in a year.
Show your calculations.

3 A community in a semi-arid region has decided to implement a water harvesting and storage system to
support their agriculture. They have designed contour bunding system to capture and store rainwater in
the soil as shown below.

Describe how contour bunding helps in water harvesting and its benefits for agricultural use.

4. Onyango is learning about different types of water harvesting systems. He has come across the concept
of a percolation tank, which is used to recharge groundwater. Explain how a percolation tank works and
its advantages in groundwater recharge.

5. Olivia's village is constructing a series of check dams to manage and store water during the rainy
season. The check dams are designed to slow down the flow of water and enhance groundwater recharge.
Illustrate the function of check dams in water management and discuss their impact on the surrounding
environment.

6. Ethan's school hos installed a rooftop rainwater harvesting system to provide water for the school
garden. The system in cludes a storage tank, a filtration unit and an overflow mechanism. identify and
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explain the purpose of each component in Ethan's school's rainwater harvesting system. Discuss how this
system benefits the school garden.

Review Exercise 1.6 B

1. Alex is planning to install a rainwater harvesting system. He wants to calculate the potential volume of
rainwater he can collect from his roof, which measures 12 meters by 10 meters, with an annual rainfall of
1000 mm. What is the total volume of rainwater Alex can collect in a year?

A. 100 cubic meters B. 120 cubic meters C. 150 cubic meters D. 200 cubic meters

2. A village in a semi-arid region has implemented a contour banding system to improve water
conservation and support agriculture. What is one of the primary benefits of contour banding in
agricultural practices?

A. Increases surface runoff

B. Reduces soil moisture

C. Prevents soil erosion

D. Lowers groundwater levels

3. Ethan's school installed a rooftop rainwater harvesting system to irrigate the school garden. The system
includes various components such as a storage tank, a filtration unit and an overflow mechanism. Which
component of the rooftop rainwater harvesting system is responsible for removing debris and impurities?

A. Storage tank

B. Filtration unit

C. Overflow mechanism

D. Catchment area

Review Exercise 1.7 A

1. Sarah's family wants to conserve forage for their cattle. What methods would you suggest for them and
why?

2. How can John ensure that the forage he conserves remains nutritious throughout the drought season?

3. Amina's neighbor uses stacking for forage conservation. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of

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this method.

4. What role do digital resources play in helping communities like Sarah's adopt forage conservation
methods?

5. How can local materials like maize stover and straw be used effectively in forage conservation?

6. Liam and Sophie are helping their grandparents on the family farm. Liam wonders how they can make
sure there is enough feed for their cows during the dry season. Sophie suggests making baled hay. How
would you explain the steps involved making baled hay to Liam and why is it important for conserving
forage?

7. During a class discussion, Ava and Noah are talking about the difficulties their families face storing
feed for their animals Ava mentions the problem of moulds, while Noah is concerned about pests. What
What are some common challenges like those Ava and Noah mentioned in conserving forage and how
can farmers overcome these issues?

8. In a school project, Ethan and Mia are investigating how drought affects livestock. Ethan finds that
conserving forage is crucial, but Mia is unsure how it directly impacts the health of the animals. How
would you explain to Mia the ways in which forage conservation helps maintain livestock health during
drought conditions?

9. During a community meeting Lucas and Emma hear that some farmers have more conserved forage
than others. Lucas wonders how to make sure everyone gets a fair share. What strategies could Lucas and
Emmo suggest to their community to ensure equitable access to conserved forage during drought?

10.Olivia and Jack are part of a youth group tasked with promoting sustainable practices in their village.
They notice disagreements among farmers about forage conservation methods. What steps can Olivia and
Jack take to foster peace and collaboration among the farmers in their efforts to conserve forage?

Review Exercise 1.7 B

1. Sarah is looking for a way to conserve forage for her livestock without spending too much time and
effort. Which method should Sarah use if she wants to minimise labour costs?

A. Baled Hay Making

B. Standing Forage

C. Stacking

D. Box Bailing

2. John is studying different methods of conserving forage and wants to understand the one that involves
cutting, drying and compressing forage into bales. Which method involves cutting, drying and

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compressing forage into bales?

A. Stacking B. Standing forage C. Baled hay making D. Box bailing

3. Amino's neighbor is using method that involves piling forage into a compact stack to conserve it for
later use. What is this method called?

A. Standing forage B. Baled hay making C. Stacking D. Box bailing

4. Emily's family farm is looking to use locally available materials to conserve forage during the drouqht
season. Which local material can be used for conserving forage during drought?

A. Maize clover B. Wood chips C. Plastic D. Metal

5. Michael is considering using standing forage as a conservation method and wants to understand its
benefits. What is a key benefit of using standing forage as a conservation meth od?

A. Reduces labour costs

B. Increases pest infestation

C. Requires more space

D. Decreases forage quality

6. Sarah is researching ways to keep her conserved forage in good condition. She wants to find the best
technique to maintain forage quality. Which technique should Sarah use to maintain forage quality?

A. Improper drying

B. Adequate ventilation

C. Overcrowding

D. Minimal stacking

7. Alex wants to prepare forage jor storaqe and ensure it doesn't develop mold. What is an essential step
in preparing forage jor storage to prevent mold growth?

A. Stacking B. Proper Drying C. Compressing D. Bailing

8. John is concerned about pests affecting his stored hay. He wants to take regular steps to ensure his hay
remains pest-free. What should John do regularly to ensure his hay is free from pests?

A. Ignore it B. Inspect and treat C. Stack without ventilation D. Use plastic covers

9. Maina wants to encourage her community to adopt forage conservation practices. She believes
education is key. How can Amina encourage her community to adopt forage conservation practices?

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A. By forcing them

B. Through education and engagement

C. By ignoring diverse opinions

D. Through isolation

10. Maria is working with her community to adopt forage conservation methods and wants to ensure they
address challenges collaboratively. What is a critical aspect of adopting forage conservation methods in a
community?

A. Ignoring challenges

B. Problem-solving and collaboration

C. Using outdated methods

D. Focusing on individual efforts

Review Exercise 1.8 A

1. During a home science practical lesson qrade 5 learner had leftover vegetables and bread after eating
some. Describe how they would creatively repurpose these ingredients into a new meal to minimize waste.

2. Imani forgot to label and date leftover foods in his refrigerator. Discuss the potential consequences of
not knowing how long they have been stored and how Imani could prevent this in the future.

3. You are organizing a community event and expect leftover food afterward. Outline a plan to ensure
these leftovers are properly managed to minimize waste and benefit the community.

4. Grade 7 home science teacher has given a project to his class about a school initiative to reduce food
waste. Describe a program you would propose to educate students and staff on the importance of
conserving leftover foods.

5. Mulumba a recent graduate from a college is volunteering at a local food bank and have noticed that
many donated items are nearing their expiration dates. Discuss strategies Mulumba would ensure these
donations are utilized effectively before they go to waste.

6. A group of grade 8 learners are planning a camping trip and want to minimize food waste. Discuss how
they would plan meals and manage leftovers during the trip to ensure nothing goes to waste.

7. Jane is working in a restaurant that frequently has leftover food at the end of the day. Discuss strategies
Jane would implement to minimize this waste while maintaining food safety standards.

8. Wangige's mother has requested her to plan a dinner party and want to reduce food waste. Discuss how

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Wangige would plan the menu, portion sizes and storage of leftovers to ensure minimal waste.

9. Grade 7 learners are participating in a school project to raise awareness about food waste. Discuss how
they would use social media and other platforms to educate their peers and community.

10. Leon is leading a workshop on sustainable living practices. Discuss how he would engage participants
in a discussion on the ethical and environmental implications of food waste and Conservation.

Review Exercise 1.8 B

1. Sarah made a large batch of vegetable soup and wants to Store the leftovers. What is the safest way for
her to store the soup?

A. Leave it on the stove overnight

B. Store it in an airtight container in the refrigerator

C. Cover the pot with a towel

D. Share it with neighbors immediately

2. Grade 7 learners had some leftover chicken after their practical lesson. How should they store the salad
to maintain its freshness?

A. Keep it uncovered in the refrigerator

B. Store it in a bowl without a lid

C. Freeze it in a plastic bag

D. Use an airtight container in the refrigerator

3. A restaurant in town has leftover bread rolls after closing. What should they do to prevent waste?

A. Throw them in the trash

B. Donate them to a food bank

C. Leave them on the counter overnight

D. Mix them with fresh bread for sale the next day

4. John has leftover cooked chicken. What is the safest way for him to reheat the chicken before eating?

A. Leave it on the counter to warm up

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B. Reheat it until steaming hot

C. Microwave it for 2 minutes

D. Rinse it under hot water

5. During the school visiting Maria had some leftover pizza. How should she store it to maintain its
quality?

A. Wrap it in aluminum foil and leave it on the counter

B. Store it in a cardboard box in the refrigerator

C. Place it in a plastic bag and freeze

D. Refrigerate it in an airtight container

6. A school cafeteria has leftover fruit from lunch. What is the best way to utilize this leftover fruit?

A. Throw it away to save space

B. Compost it for fertilizer

C. Serve it in a fruit salad for the next day's lunch

D. Freeze it for later use in smoothies

7. Amy has leftover rice from dinner. What should she do to safely store and reheat the rice?

A. Store it in a warm oven overnight

B. Reheat it in the microwave until warm

C. Freeze it in a plastic bag

D. Throw it away to avoid food poisoning

8. Alex's mother wants to reduce food waste at home. What should she do before grocery shopping?

A. Buy more than needed to prevent running out

B. Plan meals and make a shopping

C. Shop without checking what's already at home

D. Throw away expired foods immediately

9. Mr. Barasa's restaurant has leftover rice after closing. What should they do to reduce waste and ensure
food safety?

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A. Throw it away to save time

B. Store it in an open container on the counter

C. Donate it to a local food bank

D. Mix it with fresh salad for sale the next day

10. Musau has leftover cooked fish. What is the safest way for her to store and reheat the fish?

A. Store it in a warm oven overnight and reheat in the microwave

B. Store it in the refrigerator in an a tight container and reheat until hot

C. Freeze it in a plastic bag and reheat in the oven

D. Store it on the counter and reheat in the microwave without covering.

Review Exercise 1.9 A

1. Sarah is a new farmer interested in sustainable agriculture. She hears about integrated farming but isn't
quite sure what it means. How would you explain integrated farming to her?

2. John wants to start an integrated farm on his property. What Components should he consider including
in his integrated farming system?

3. Maria is Curious about how the different components of on integrated farm contribute to resource
conservation. Can you give her an example?

4. Tom is designing an integrated farm and wants to include fish farming, rabbit keeping, poultry keeping
and vegetable farming. How could he structure this model to maximize resource use?

5. Kevin wants to understand how different components of integrated farming interact. Can you give an
example of this interaction?

6. Vincent wants to use integrated farming in his small piece of land and he is worried about his soil
health and limited water in his locality. How does integrated farming help conserve water and improve
soil health?

7. Isaiah implemented integrated farming in his small piece of land and realized a number of benefits.
What are some general benefits of practicing integrated farming?

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Review Exercise 1.9 B
1. Jane is researching sustainable agricultural practices and comes across the term "integrated farming."
Which of the following best defines integrated farming?

A. Farming that focuses solely on growing a single type of crop.

B. A system that integrates crop cultivation, livestock rearing, aquaculture and agroforestry into a single,
interdependent system.

C. A method of forming that relies heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

D. Farming that excludes the use of animals in any form

2. Mark wants to start an integrated farm. Which combination of components should he include to ensure
his farm is well-integrated?

A. Crop cultivation and use of chemical pesticides.

B. Livestock rearing, crop cultivation, aquaculture and agroforestry,

C. Poultry keeping and heavy reliance on synthetic fertilizers.

D. Only growing vegetables and using no animal products.

3. Sarah is curious about how the components of an integrated farm contribute to resource conservation.
Which of the following is an accurate example?

A. Using synthetic fertilizers to enhance soil fertility.

B. Letting crop residues go to waste after harvesting.

C. Using livestock manure as fertilizer for crops and crop residues to feed livestock.

D. Disposing of nutrient-rich water from fish ponds into rivers.

4. Tom wants to create an integrated form with fish farming, rabbit keeping, poultry keeping d vegetable
farming, How should he structure his farm to maximize resource use?

A. Keep each component isolated to avoid contamination.

B. Use water from fish ponds to irrigate vegetables, use rabbit manure as fertilizer and feed crop residues
to rabbits and poultry.

C. Rely entirely on external inputs for feed and fertilizers,

D. Focus on monoculture cropping

5. Emily is writing a report on sustainable agricultural practices. Which statement should she include to

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define integrated farming?

A. Integrated farming is the exclusive use of high-tech machinery in agriculture.

B. Integrated farming involves the use of various farming practices, such as crop cultivation, livestock
rearing and aquaculture, in a single, interdependent system.

C. Integrated farming focuses on producing a single type of crop for maximum yield.

D. Integrated farming excludes any form of animal husbandry.

6. Kevin wants to understand how different components of integrated farming interact. Which scenario
best illustrates this interaction?

A. Using chemical fertilizers and pesticides exclusively for crops.

B. Keeping livestock and crops completely separate to avoid cross-contamination.

C. Using manure from livestock to fertilize crops and using crop residues to feed livestock.

D. Disposing of all waste products without reusing them.

7. As an educated farmer planning to implement integrated farming in your small farm. How will|
integrated farming help you conserve water and improve soil health?

A. By using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides exclusively.

B. By relying on monoculture practices.

C. By reusing nutrient-rich water from fish ponds for irrigation and using organic manure to enhance soil
fertility.

D. By avoiding the use of any fertilizers or irrigation methods.

End of strand assessments

Study questions 1A
1. Mark noticed that heavy rains were causing significant erosion on his farm slopes. Outline the steps
Mark should take to control soil erosion effectively.

2. Sarah's farmland experiences soil erosion due to wind. Describe practical measures Sarah should
implement to minimize wind erosion.

3. James wants to construct a pond on his farm to conserve water. Outline the steps he should follow to
design and build an effective water retention structure.

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 4. Emma plans to build check dams on her hillų terrain to conserve water. Describe the construction
process and benefits of check dams for water

5. David is concerned about nutrient depletion in his soil. Suggest practical methods David can use to
conserve soil nutrients and improve fertility.

6. Lisa practices no-till farming but notices nutrient runoff Provide strategies Lisa can adopt to prevent
nutrient loss while practicing no-till agriculture.

7. John wants to plant trees on his farm for soil conservation. Discuss the benefits of agroforestry and the
types of trees he should consider planting.

8. Rachel's farm suffers from soil erosion along stream banks. Explain how planting riparian buffers can
help in soil conservation and water quality improvement.

9. Michael's farm is prone to soil compaction. Outline strategies Michael can implement to prevent and
manage soil compaction effectively

10. Maria practices contour farming but faces challenges with runoff. Describe how contour farming
works and its benefits in soil conservation.

11.Peter wants to harvest rainwater on his farm. Discuss the techniques and systems he can use for
effective rainwater harvesting.

12. Laura's farm experiences water scarcity. Explain how adopting water harvesting techniques can help
Laura manage water resources sustainably

13.Alex owns a livestock farm and wants to reduce feed wastage. Provide strategies Alex can use to
conserve animal feed efficiently.

14.Sarah manages a poultry farm and seeks to improve feed efficiency. Describe techniques Sarah can
adopt to conserve feed and reduce costs.

15. Tom runs a restaurant and wants to reduce food waste. Discuss strategies Tom can impermeant to
conserve leftover food effectively

16.Emma organizes events and often deals with excess food after gatherings. Outline steps Emma can
take to manage leftover food responsibly.

17. Jack practices integrated farming but faces challenges with pest management. Discuss how integrated
pest management (IPM) can help Jack maintain a balanced ecosystem.

18. Lucy wants to implement integrated farming on her smallholding. Describe the benefits of integrating
crops and livestock and provide examples of suitable combinations. Use the diagram below to answer
questions that follows

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19. Jane was passing by Mukuyus farm and saw a farm with features above.

(a) What type of soil control measure it is?

(b) Describe how the above soil control feature is established?

Practice Quiz 1 B
1. Mark noticed significant erosion on his farm's slopes after heavy rains. Which method should he used
to control soil erosion?

A. Plowing down the slope

B. Planting cover crops

C. Removing vegetation

D. Increasing irrigation

2. Sarah's farmland experiences wind erosion. What can she plant to minimize this?

A. Grass strips

B. Annual flowers

C. Tall trees

D. Vines

3. John wants to prevent soil erosion on his terraced farm. What should he use to strengthen terrace edges?

A. Plastic sheets

B. Sandbags

C. Stone walls

D. Wooden planks

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4. James plans to build a pond to conserve water. What is the first step in constructing an effective pond?

A. Filling it with water

B. Selecting the site

C. Planting trees around it

D. Lining it with plastic

5. Emma a grade 8 learner was walking to school when she saw the structure below:

identify the feature above and what it is made of

Feature Material

A. Gabions Stones

B. Check dams Concrete

C. Trash line Strong barrier

D. Wall Bricks

6. Michael wants to construct swales for water retention. Where should he place them?

A. On flat land

B. Along the contour lines

C. At the hilltop

D. Near water bodies

7. David is concerned about nutrient depletion in his soil. What should he use to improve soil fertility?

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A Synthetic fertilizers

B. Green manure

C. Salt

D. Ashes

8. Lisa practices no-till farming. How can she prevent nutrient runoff?

A. By increasing irrigation

B. By planting cover crops

C. By plowing regularly

D. By removing mulch

9. Maria wants to conserve soil nutrients. Which practice should she avoid?

A. Crop rotation

B. Monocropping

C. Composting

D. Using organic fertilizers

10.John wants to plant trees for soil conservation. Which type of trees should he plant?

A. Shallow-rooted trees B. Deep-rooted trees C. Annual plants D. Succulents

11.Rachel's farm suffers from soil erosion along stream banks. What should she plant to reduce erosion?

A. Riparian buffers

B. Ornamental flowers

C. Shrubs

D. Vegetables

12.Paul wants to practice agroforestry. Which benefit can he expect from growing trees on his farm?

A. Increased soil erosion

B. Decreased biodiversity

C. Improved soil structure

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D. Reduced crop yield

13.Alex's farm is prone to soil compaction. What should he use to prevent this?

A. Heavy machinery

B. Cover cropping

C. Frequent tilling

D. Irrigation

14.Laura practices contour farming. What is the main benefit of this practice?

A. Increased runoff

B. Reduced soil erosion

C. Decreased water infiltration

D. Increased labour costs

15.Tom wants to improve soil structure on his farm. Which soil conservation measure should he adopt?

A. Overgrazing B. Mulching C. Soil sterilization D. Removing vegetation

16 Peter wants to harvest rainwater What isa simple system he can use?

A. Roof rainwater harvesting

B. Building deep wells

C. Using underground tanks

D.9 Constructing canals

17 Laura faces water scarcity Which water harvesting technique can help her manage resources
sustainably?

A. Flood irrigation

B. Rainwater harvesting

C. Using sprinklers

D. Removing vegetation

18.Kevin wants to store harvested rainwater. Which structure is most suitable for long-term storage?

A. Open pits B. Surface ponds C. Concrete tanks D. Plastic bags

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19.Alex wants to reduce feed wastage on his livestock farm. What should he do?

A. Overfeed animals

B. Store hay properly

C. Use open storage

D. Feed infrequently

20. Sarah seeks to improve feed efficiency on her poultry form. Which technique should she use?

A. Feed formulation

B. Reducing feed

C. Feeding once a day

D. Using no supplements

21 Mike wants to conserve animal feed. What is the best way to store hay?

A. In open fields

B. In silos

C. In plastic bags

D. On the ground

22. Tom runs a restaurant and wants to reduce food waste. What should he implement?

A. Portion control

B. Over-preparation

C. Discarding leftovers

D. Ignoring waste

23.Emma organizes events with excess food. How can she manage leftover food responsibly?

A. Composting B. Throwing away C. Overcooking D. Ignoring leftovers

24 Laura wants to promote food conservation at her cafeteria. Which practice should she avoid?

A. Portion control B. Food donation C. Composting D. Over-serving

25 Jack practices integrated farming. Which method helps in maintaining a balanced ecosystem?

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A. Monoculture

B. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

C. Chemical-intensive farming

D. Deforestation

STRAND 2: FOOD PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Review Exercise 2.1 A
1. Mueni has a garden with heavy clay soil. How would she prepare the tilth to plant a variety of
vegetables for seeds and seedlings?

2. Grade 7 learners were told to describe how they would prepare the soil and provide the right tilth for
planting young fruit trees in the school garden. What was their response?

3. Your mother wants to propagate succulents from cuttings. Advise her on how she should prepare the
planting medium to support root development and ensure successful propagation.

4. Learners want to do a project on bulb planting. Teach them the tilth requirements for planting bulbs in
their garden bed.

5. You have bought cabbage seeds and kale seedlings for planting Explain how you would prepare the
tilth for planting both seeds and transplanted seedlings in a vegetable garden.

6. Guney Junior school has a project on planting tomatoes. What is the procedure should they follow
before planting?

7. Hany Junior School is preparing to plant vegetable seeds in their school garden. They have seeds that
require fine tilth and ones for larqe tilt. What is the difference between fine and large tilth?

Review Exercise 2.1 B

1. Mukami was preparing to plant some tomato es, maize, cabbage and sorghum in her farm. Among
those crops which one requires medium tilth?

A. Maize B. Cabbage C. Tomatoes D. Sorghum

2. Joy's father is a farmer and has started to prepare his tilth for planting beans. Which one is not among
the activities is his father is doing when clearing weeds from the area?

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A. Mulching B. Slashing C. Tilling D. Uprooting

3. Makueni school has very sandy soil. Learners from the school want to plant groundnuts for their
project. What type of tillage you advise them to focus would on?

A. Deep tillage B. Shallow tillage C. Minimal tillage D. Advanced tillage

4. Lucia and her friends want to make sure their potatoes grow healthy and strong. They should consider
the following factors except;

A. Soil PH

B. Climate condition for the area

C. Soil aeration

D. Mulching

5. Beatrice has different planting materials like bulbs, cuttings, seedlings and container plants. All of
these will affect the planting site she wants to plant each. Which among them requires indirect sunlight?

A. Bulbs B. Cuttings C. Seedlings D. Container plants

6. Mr. Kimaiyo was breaking soil clumps in his farm when preparing a planting site for his trees. What
was the main reason for loosening the soil?

A. To have an easier time when planting

B. To improve soil structure

C. To enable water absorption

D. To enhance aeration in the soil

7. Mrs. Patty instructed her students to mulch the cabbage seedlings they had planted. These are the
reasons for mulching the seedlings except;

A. It enables conservation of moisture

B. Prevents seedlings from being destroyed

C. Helps in suppressing weeds

D. Protects seedlings from harsh temperatures

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Review Exercise 2.2 A
1. Leaners were practicing gapping to manage their vegetables. What is the importance of doing so?

2. A farmer told learners that in order for proper crop management one must do thinning. What does it
involve?

3. Learners were asked to do research on the importance of selected crop management practices. List the
points that you think they generated.

4. During crop management, various tools are needed. Which tools are used for gapping?

5. As learners were weeding their vegetable garden they were told to observe safety precautions. Which
precautions should they observe?

6. What is the use of the tool that Karen was using in her garden as shown below?

7. Learners were told to avoid overworking while using gardening tolls. How will that help them?

8. When one uses tools and equipment in crop management, they encouraged to use PPEs. What are
examples of PPEs?

9. Thinning is important process in densely seeded crops. How does it impact the overall health and
productivity of the remaining plants?

10. Pasha planted potatoes and she was told that earthing up is very important for them, What is the
significance of the process?

Review Exercise 2.2 B

1. Leah wrote the following statements explaining crop management practices. Which one explains
thinning?

A. Removing excess plants or parts of plants to improve growth

B. Leaving spaces between rows of plants intentionally

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C. Removing unwanted plants in the cultivated area

D. Piling soil or mulch around the base of plants

2. Gapping in crop management can help for the purposes shown below except?

A. For proper air circulation

B. To create path for passing through when harvesting

C. To make space for planting more crops

D. To avoid spread of pests and diseases

3. Crop management requires use of various tools and equipment. Which of these tools are used for
thinning?

A. Dibber B. Transplanter C. Shovel D. Hand trowel

4. Tara wants to do organic farming. Which of these methods is she to avoid when weeding?

A. Using hand tools like hoes

B. Pulling weeds by hand

C. Using herbicides to kill the weeds

D. Covering the soil with mulch

5. Angela wants to practice gapping in his vegetable garden. Which of these tools is she to use?

A. Dibber B. Hoe C. Seeder D. Rake

6. The tools shown below was used by a farmer to manage crops. What is the tool called?

A. Hand trowel B. Shovel C. Dibber D. Thinning scissors

7. Earthing up techniques are used depending on the stage of growth of plants. What would happen if
young plants are buried too deeply?

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A. They will not produce good fruits

B. They will double in size

C. They will change colour

D. They will rot

8. Potatoes especially need earthing up. What is the importance of doing so?

A. To prevent them from growing too fast

B. To encourage tuber formation

C. To make the potatoes sweeter

D. To prolong their growth

9. James is inspecting his newly planted maize field and notices several gaps where seedlings have failed
to germinate. What should James do next to maintain uniform growth throughout his field?

A. Replant seeds in the gaps as soon as possible.

B. Remove more seedlings to make the gaps larger.

C. Use pesticides in the gaps to prevent pest invasion.

D. Ignore the gaps as they will fill in naturally

10.Laura is planning a schedule for garden maintenance, particularly focusing on weeding. What is the
primary reason for Laura to prioritize regular weeding around her vegetable plants?

A. Weeding is mainly for aesthetic purposes to make the garden look neat.

B. Regular weeding helps prevent pests and diseases from spreading to the vegetables.

C. Weeds can be used to create natural mulch for vegetables.

D. Weeding increases the water usage efficiency of the garden

Review Exercise 2.3 A

1 Learners went to a poultry farm and observed the farmer sorting and grading his eggs What factors did
he consider?

2. Emma was told to sort eggs while looking at shell quality, How will she know If the shell is of good

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quality?

3. Rachel had the eggs shown below for grading and sorting. Which criteria will she use?

4 At a conference steward learned that temperature should be controlled during honey processing. How
does that impact honey quality and shelf life?

5 Kalinga has just harvested a lot of honey. She intends to process and pack it for sale later. What steps
will she follow to extract honey from the combs? 6 Omondi wants to make sure his honey lasts for a very
long time. What is the most preferable packaging material that he should use?

7 Honey crystallizes over time. What technique should be used in order to delay the crystallization
process?

Review Exercise 2.3 B

1. Angela harvested honey. After crushing it, she used a sieve to filter. What is the purpose of filtering?

A. to remove pollen

B. to improve clarity

C. to reduce moisture content

D. to remove impurities.

2. Ankita works at a poultry farm sorting and grading eggs Which factors does she not consider when

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grading the eggs?

A. yolk weight

B. shell colour

C. shell texture

D. shell shape

3. Nila wants to grade her eggs according to size. How will she determine the size?

A. by measuring the length of the eggs

B. by measuring the width of the egg

C. by weighing the egg

D. by assessing the yolk size

4. Anita put her processed honey in a larqe container to ripen. What is the purpose of doing so?

A. to reduce the moisture content

B. to improve flavor

C. to increase shelf life

D. to remove impurities

5. when grading your honey, which is the most important quality?

A. aroma B. colour C. taste D. Density

6. Lilian is looking for containers to pack her processed honey to sell. What should she consider when
choosing the type of container?

A. temperature resistance

B. biodegradability

C. protection from UV light

D. all of the above

7. Eggs are graded by candling. What does the term refer to?

A. weighing eggs to determine the size

B. assessing the yolk quality using light

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C. measuring yolk consistency

D. determining nutrient content

8. When grading and sorting eggs, one must consider shell quality. Which of the following factors affects
quality of the shell?

A. albumen thickness B. yolk colour C. shell thickness D. shell texture

Review Exercise 2.4 A

1. After coming from school, Jane is planning to grill food for dinner, What are the essential requirements
for grilling food that she should have?

2. Aloo a grade 7 learner who has so much interest in trying new dishes is planning to grill food for her
friends. Outline some of the guidelines she should follow for effective grilling

3. You're planning to explain to your family about the new cooking method that you leant in school.
Describe the procedure for grilling chicken breasts to showcase your new concept.

4. As an agriculture and nutrition learner, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of grilling food that
you can explain to your community over the holiday.

5. Lisa is planning to open a barbecue shop in her community market over the holiday. What are the basic
requirements for roasting food that she should consider buying?

6. Joann is planning to host a birthday party. Describe she can to roast a whole chicken for her and her
friends.

7. During a community based nutritional event, you are selected to discuss some of the advantages and
disadvantages of roasting as a cooking method. What will you say?

Review Exercise 2.4 B

1 Sarah has a variety of vegetables she wants to prepare for dinner. What factors should she consider to
decide whether to steam, roast or grill them? A Colour of the vegetables B Type of vegetables, desired
texture and nutritional value retention C. Time of day she is cooking D. Size of her kitchen

2. John is preparing for a barbecue and wants to ensure he has everything he needs. What are the
essential requirements for grilling food? A Grill, fuel, grilling utensils and suitable food B. Microwave,
tongs, spices and vegetables C. Oven, roasting pan, seasoning and chicken D. Deep fryer, oil, meat
thermometer and bread

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3. Emily wants to grill chicken breasts perfectly. What guidelines should she follow?

A. Preheat oven to high, bake for 30 minutes, flip halfway

B. Preheat the grill, oil the grate, season chicken, cook 6-8 minutes per side

C. Marinate chicken overnight, cook on high heat for 2 minutes each side

D. Boil chicken first, then grill for 5 minutes

4 Mark is new to grilling and needs a step-by-step procedure to grill burgers What should he do? A.
Preheat grill, form patties, season, grill 4-5 minutes per side

B. Preheat oven, bake patties for 20 minutes

C. Fry patties in a skillet for 10 minutes

D. Boil patties for 15 minutes

5. During a cookout, what safety measures should Susan observe when grilling food?

A. Keep grill indoors, use short handled tools. wear loose clothing

B. Keep grill outdoors, use long handled tools, keep water spray bottle

C. Preheat grill, use plastic utensils, wear gloves

D. Place grill on grass, use short tongs, wear sandals

6. Maria plans to roast a turkey for Thanksgiving. What are the basic requirements she needs?

A. Grill, fail, vegetables

B. Oven, roasting pan, meat thermometer

C. Microwave, paper towels, marinade

D. Skillet, oil, potatoes

7. For some health reasons, James is planning to roast Vegetables for lunch. What guidelines should
James fallow to roast vegetables successfully?

A. Preheat oven, cut vegetables, toss with oil, roast at 400°F

B. Preheat grill, cut vegetables, place directly on grates

C. Boil vegetables first, then bake at 350°F

D. Microwave vegetables with oil for 10 minutes

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Review Exercise 2.5 A
1. John is planning to utilize the space next to his home but he has no idea of what kitchen garden of
backyard garden mean. What is the definition of kitchen and backyard gardening that will help John?

2. Imagine you're planning a documentary on sustainable food practices. You decide to explore the role of
kitchen and backyard gardening in food production. How would you explain their significance in ensuring
food security and promoting sustainable Living?

3. Lucia attended a community workshop on urban gardening. The presenter asks the group, "What types
of crops do you think are most commonly grown in kitchen and backyard gardens? What answer did he
get?

4. Jeremmy was chatting with a group of friends who are enthusiastic about starting their own kitchen and
backyard gardens. One of them turns to him and asks, "What preparations do we need to make before we
begin our kitchen and backyard gardening journey? What are the essential steps to ensure our gardens
thrive and yield a successful harvest?"

5. During a sustainability conference where a panel discussion is underway. One of the experts turned to
the audience and posed the question, "What are some effective practices for adopting kitchen and
backyard gardening to enhance food production sustainably? How can these practices contribute to local
food security and environmental conservation?"

6. While at a neighborhood gardening club meeting and the discussion turns to sharing experiences. One
of the members asks the group, "What are some of the challenges you've encountered in kitchen and
backyard gardening?" what answer did he receive?

Review Exercise 2.5 B

1. Imagine you're at a community workshop on sustainable living One participant asks, "What exactly is
kitchen and backyard gardening?

A Gardening method used exclusively by professional chefs.

B. Growing herbs and vegetables in small spaces around your home

C. Industrial farming techniques for large-scale food production.

D. Landscaping practices for enhancing backyard aesthetics.

2. During a panel discussion on sustainable agriculture, a speaker poses the question, "What role do
kitchen and backyard gardens play in food production?"

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A Supplementing household food needs and reducing grocery bills.

B. Supporting international food exports.

C. Providing raw materials for industrial food processing.

D. Generating revenue through farmer's markets

3. You’re attending a gardening club meeting where members are sharing their planting experiences
Someone asks, "What types of crops are typically grown kitchen and backyard gardens?"

A. Wheat and barley for homemade bread

B. Fruits like apples and oranges.

C. Tomatoes, lettuce and herbs like basil and mint.

D. Coffee beans and tea leaves for personal use.

4. At a beginner's gardening workshop, a participant wonders, "What preparations are necessarų before
starting kitchen and backyard gardening?"

A. Installing a swimming pool for water conservation.

B. Purchasing high-end gardening equipment.

C. Testing soil quality and choosing suitable crops.

D. Hiring a landscape architect for garden layout.

5. During a community forum on sustainable living, the moderator asks, "What are some effective
practices for adopting kitchen and backyard gardening to enhance food production sustainably?"

A. Using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for rapid growth.

B. Emphasizing monoculture for higher yields.

C. Employing composting and crop rotation techniques.

D. Building industrial-sized greenhouse structures.

6. In a gardening workshop, a participant raises concerns about potential challenges. The question posed
is, "What difficulties might someone encounter in kitchen and backyard gardening?" Which one of the
following is not one of the challenges?

A. Excessive rainfall damaging Crops.

B. Lack of available sunlight in urban areas.

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C. Pest infestations like aphids and caterpillars.

D. Presence of excess compost from kitchen refuse.

Review Exercise 2.6 A

1. During a discussion on animal products, Grade 8 learners discussed about products obtained from
poultry. State any two products they could have mentioned in their discussion?

2. A farmer was invited to talk to learners about poultry rearing where he was expected to state the
challenges and their possible solutions. Mention two challenges that the farmer was likely to discuss?

3. A poultry fold can be constructed using materials that are within the environment. Identify the
materials that Mudaki will need in order to construct a fold for his ducks?

4. What is a poultry fold as used in poultry rearing?

5. Grade 8 learners were asked to outline factors that should be considered when constructing a poultry
fold. Identify three possible responses that they were likely to give?

6. ldentify any three major rearing practices that need to be observed when rearing poultry in a fold.

7. What essential amenities should be provided inside a poultry fold?

Review Exercise 2.6 B

1. Which of the following practices can help reduce the risk of predators when rearing poultry in a fold?

A. Moving the fold frequently

B. Providing a shade

C. Using strong materials in construction of the fold

D. Chasing away predators

2. One of the following is provided inside a poultru fold to ensure the birds weifare. Which one is it?

A. Television B. Carpet C. Feeders and drinkers D. Curtains

3. Machoka wants to construct a poultry fold for his chicken. He is expected to use the following
materials except one. Which one is it?

A. Nails B. Wood C. Wire mesh D. Stones

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 4. Grade 8 learners were asked by their Aqriculture teacher to state the factors to consider when
constructing a poultry fold, the answers were as follows.

Neville; cost

Okwara, high prices of feeds

Joy; diseases

Khloe; availability of the market Who gave the correct answer?

A. Khloe B. Neville. C. Joy D. Okwara

5. The following are benefits of keeping poultry except one. Which one is it?

A. Source of meat

B. Provides eggs

C. Gives manure

D Working on the farm

6. Which of the following practices involves maintenance of high standards of hygiene in the folds by
cleaning the feed troughs and waterers?

A. sanitation B. Vaccination C. Watering D. Sitting.

7. Which among the following does not comprise of birds kept in a fold?

A. Pigeon, geese, ducks

B. Chicken, owl, bat

C. Guinea fowls, geese, chicken

D Turkeys, guinea fowls, duck

Review Exercise 2.7 A

1. John noticed that his tomato plants had yellow, curling leaves and tiny insects clustered on the stems.
He remembered reading about pests that affect tomato es and decided to investigate further. What type of
pest is John likely dealing with? Describe one method he can use to control these pests.

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2. Sara's pumpkin patch seemed healthy until she noticed white, powdery spots on the leaves. Concerned,
she called her local agricultural extension office for advice. What disease is likely affecting Sara's
pumpkins? Suggest two methods to control this disease.

3. Tom is a farmer who grows beans. Recently, he observed that some of his bean plants had water-
soaked spots on their leaves, which later turned brown and necrotic. Identify the possible disease affecting
Tom's beans. How can Tom prevent this disease in the future?

4. Emily planted corn in her garden, but some of the plants started showing galls or knots on the roots,
leading to stunted growth. What type of pest is causing this issue in Emilų's corn? What can she do to
manage this problem?

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5. Alex noticed black, blighted areas on his apple tree's branches and leaves and a sticky substance oozing
from the infected parts. What disease might Alex's apple tree be suffering from? Describe one non-
chemical method to control it.

6. Rachel's cucumber plants had yellowing leaves with white, juzzy growth on the undersides. Worried
about her crop, she looked up potential diseases online. What disease is likely affecting Rachel's
cucumber plants? How can she treat and prevent this disease?

7. Kevin's strawberry plants were thriving until he noticed small, circular spots with a yellow halo on the
leaves. He wanted to identify the disease to take immediate action. What disease is likely affecting
Kevin's strawberries? List two cultural control methods to manage this disease.

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8. Olivia found that her potato plants had dark, water-soaked spots on the leaves and the tubers were
rotting. She needed to find a solution to save her crop. What disease is likely affecting Olivia's potatoes?
Suggest one preventative and one reactive measure to control this disease.

Review Exercise 2.7B

1. Anna noticed small, green insects clustered on the stems of her rose plants. The leaves started to curl
and turn yellow. What pest is likely affecting Anna's rose plants?

A. Caterpillars B. Beetles C. Aphids D. Grasshoppers

2. Ben's tomato plants developed dark, water-soaked spots on the leaves, which eventually turned brown
and caused the leaves to drop. What disease is likely affecting Ben's tomato plants?

A. Powdery mildew

B. Bacterial spot

C. Root rot

D. Downy mildew

3. Sora noticed white, powdery patches on the leaves of her zucchini plants. The patches gradually spread

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and covered the entire leaf surface. What disease is likely affecting Sara's zucchini plants?

A. Rust B. Late blight C. Fusarium wilt D. Powdery mildew

4. David's corn plants started showing stunted growth and had galls or knots on the roots. He was worried
about his crop. What pest is likely causing this issue in David's corn plants?

A. Aphids B. Cutworms C. Root-knot nematodes D. Leafhoppers

5. Emily found her cucumber plants with yellowing leaves and white, fuzzy growth on the undersides.
She needed to find out what was wrong. What disease is likely affecting Emily's cucumber plants?

A. Fusarium wilt B. Downy mildew C. Fire blight D. Bacterial wilt

6. Jack's strawberry plants had small, circular spots with yellow halos on the leaves. He wanted to identify
the disease to take immediate action. What disease likely affecting Jack's strawberry plants?

A. Leaf spot B. Anthracnose C. Verticillium wilt D. Botrytis blight

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7. Mary found black, blighted areas on her apple tree's branches and leaves, along with a sticky substance
oozing from the infected parts. What disease is likely affecting Mary's apple tree?

A. Cedar apple rust B. Fire blight C. Scab D. Apple mosaic virus

8. Tom's potato plants developed dark, water-soaked spots on the leaves and the tubers were rotting. He
wanted to save his crop. What disease is likely affecting Tom's potato plants?

A. Potato leafroll virus B. Powdery scab C. Late blight D. Early

Review Exercise 2.8 A

1. Thika Junior School is planning a festival with a focus on traditional fish dishes. Explain how they
should process fresh fish from scaling to frying for the festival.

2. A local health organization is conducting a workshop on food safety. Discuss the importance of
removing offal when dressing poultry carcasses.

3. Describe the steps involved in processing fresh fish and their significance.

4. A cooking school is creating a new curriculum for aspiring chefs. Explain the detailed process of
dressing a poultry carcass for various culinary uses.

5. A new restaurant wants to ensure their fish dishes are of the highest quality. How does proper fish
processing impact the quality and safety of the final dish?

6. A documentary is being made on traditional poultry dressing methods. Describe the ethical
considerations and steps involved in dressing poultry carcasses.

7. During a class discussion on food safety, Grade 8 learners were tasked to explain the steps and
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importance of gutting and cleaning fish. What was their explanation?

8. A group of Grade & learners ore hosting a cooking competition featuring poultry dishes. Outline the
process of dressing poultry and explain why each step is necessary

9. A new fish processing plant is being set up in your area Describe the process of scoling. gutting and
cleaning fish in a commercial setting.

10. A culinary magazine is featuring an article on poultry processing. Discuss the detailed steps involved
in beheading, defeathering and cleaning poultry Carcasses.

Review Exercise 2.8 B

1. A new seafood restaurant wants to ensure their fish is of the highest quality, Which of the following is
the first step in processing fresh fish?

A Frying B. Scaling C. Salting D. Packaging

2. Juma a fisherman is planning to preserve a large catch of fish for the winter. What is an effective
method to extend the shelf life of fresh fish?

A. Salting B. Boiling C. Steaming D. Baking

3. At a culinary competition, participants are required to process and cook fish. Which process involves
removing the internal organs of the fish?

A. Scaling B. Gutting C. Filleting D. Frying

4. Mr. Benson a poultry farmer wants to improve the quality of meat he sells to the local markets. What is
the main reason for dressing poultry carcasses?

A. To change the colour of the meat

B. To remove feathers and internal organs

C. To make the meat softer

D. To marinate the meat

5. Your school cafeteria needs to ensure the poultry they serve is safe and hygienic. What is the purpose
of removing offal from a poultry carcass?

A. To improve taste

B. To increase weight

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C. To ensure hygiene

D. To speed up cooking

6. A local fish market wants to reduce customer complaints about fish quality. Why is scaling important
step in fish processing?

A. It enhances the fish's flavor

B. It removes inedible scales

C. It adds nutrients to the fish

D. It changes the fish's colour

7. Grade 8 learners were discussing the importance of humane animal processing. What is an ethical
consideration when dressing poultry?

A. Beheading the poultry while it is alive

B. Ensuring a quick and humane kill

C. Using chemical methods to remove feathers

D. Avoiding any cleaning steps

8. During a cooking class focusing on preparing fish for different recipes. What is the benefit of frying
fish after processing it?

A. It preserves the fish for a long time

B. It enhances flavor and texture

C. It makes the fish easier to scale

D. It helps remove internal organs

9. During a food safety inspection, a restaurant is evaluated on its fish processing methods. What step
should be taken after gutting the fish?

A. Freezing the fish immediately

B. Cleaning the fish thoroughly

C. Adding spices to the fish

D. Packing the fish for sale

10.A school science project explores methods of preserving fish. Which method is effective in preserving

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fish for a longer duration?

A. Steaming B. Frying C. Salting D. Baking

Review Exercise 2.9 A

1. Why is it crucial for families like Liam's to understand and apply milk preservation techniques?

2. Describe how Maria could use salting to preserve the large batch of fish her family bought.

3. What are some of the risks of not preserving meat properly?

4. How can fermentation benefit Sosha's family in preserving their dairy products?

5. Discuss the role of hygiene in the preservation processes as practiced in Isabella's kitchen.

6. Explain how the technique of smoking meat can be both a flavoring and preserving method for Ethan's
BBQ event.

7. What alternatives might Ava consider if she wants to preserve meat without using salt?

8. How does the preservation of milk and meat contribute to environmental sustainability, as explored by
Jayden in his science fair project?

9. In what ways can modern refrigeration techniques complement traditional meat preservation methods
in urban settings?

10 What should Lucas consider when choosing a method to preserve surplus milk during the winter
months?

Review Exercise 2.9 B

1 Emma notices her stored milk has begun to sour. Which method can prolong its shelf life the longest?

A. Leaving it at room temperature

B. Boiling it

C. Freezing it

D. Mixing with fresh milk

2. John wants to preserve meat for the upcoming camping trip. What is the best method for him to use?

A. Refrigeration B. Smoking C. Deep frying D. Microwaving

3. Mia needs to choose a preservation method for her homemade cheese. Which method is traditionally

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used for dairy products?

A. Drying B. Fermentation C. Salting D Canning

4. Lucas is planning to store beef for several months. Which method would prevent bacterial growth most
effectively?

A. Wrapping in plastic

B. Keeping in vinegar

C. Sun drying

D. Salting.

5. Ava discovers her stored meat has developed freezer burn. What could have been an alternative
preservation method to avoid this?

A Canning B. Smoking C. Salting above D. All of the above

6. Sophia finds that the milk she bought is approaching its expiration date. Which method can she use to
extend its shelf life for an upcoming school project?

A. Freezing B. Refrigerating C. Leaving them at room temperature D. Boiling

7. During a cooking class, Oliver learns that his ground beef has started to spoil slightly. What immediate
preservation method should he apply to save it for the next day's lesson?

A. Freeze the beef B. Cook it immediately C. Leave it in the refrigerator D. Cover it with salt

8. Ella and her family are preparing for a summer picnic. Which method should Ella use to ensure the
fruits remain fresh throughout the day?

A. Keeping them in a cooler with ice packs

B. Wrapping them in foil

C. Leaving them in the sun

D. Coating them with salt

9. Tom is tasked with preserving freshly caught fish while on a fishing trip. What is the best method for
him to keep the fish edible for several daųs without access to electricity?

A. Burying the fish in snow or ice

B. Keeping the fish in freshwater

C. Hanging the fish in the sun

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D. Covering the fish with leaves

10. Zoe is conducting an experiment on food preservation for her science fair. She needs to demonstrate a
method that uses acid to preserve food. Which food and method should she choose for her demonstration?

A. Canning peaches in vinegar

B. Freezing strawberries

C. Drying apple slices

D. Fermenting cabbage into sauerkraut

Review Exercise 2. 10A

1. How should Maria adjust her meal planning to accommodate her family's varying nutritional needs,
considering they include children and elderly members?

2. Discuss the challenges Emma might face in preparing a balanced meal plan for a school event where
there are dietary restrictions due to cultural preferences.

3. What strategies can David use to ensure he maintains a balanced diet while adhering to specific dietary
recommendations from his healthcare provider?

4. How should James modify his meal planning for a balanced diet based on his active lifestyle and
dietary preferences?

5. What considerations should Lily take into account when planning a menu for a party that
accommodates vegetarian and gluten-free guests?

6. How can Ethan ensure his meal plan for a camping trip provides adequate nutrition for varying activity
levels among participants?

7. Discuss the importance of including a variety of colors and textures in meal planning for balanced
nutrition.

8. What are the benefits of using healthy cooking methods, such as baking or steaming, in meal
preparation for maintaining nutrient content?

9 How can portion control contribute to maintaining a balanced meal plan, especially foe individuals
with specific dietary goals or health concerns?

10.What steps should William follow. to ensure safe handling of kitchen knives and other sharp
equipment during meal preparation?

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Review Exercise 2.10 B
1. What should be a primary consideration when planning a balanced meal for a family reunion that
includes children and elderly relatives?

A. Portion sizes B. Variety of colours C. High protein content D. Spicy favors

2. Which cooking method is best for retaining nutrients in vegetables?

A. Frying B. Boiling C. Steaming D. Microwaving

3. What is a suitable strategy for accommodating dietary restrictions at a party with vegetarian and gluten-
free

A. Serve a single dish that meets both restrictions

B. Label each dish with ingredients

C. Only serve dishes without common allergens

D. Ask quests to bring their own food

4. How can portion control contribute to a balanced meal plan?

A. It ensures all food groups are represented

B. It helps manage calorie intake

C. It enhances flavors of the dishes

D. It reduces cooking time guests?

5 What is a key consideration when selecting protein sources for a balanced meal?

A. Colour of the protein

B. Price per serving

C. Fat content

D. Cooking time

6. Why is it important to include a variety of vegetables in a balanced meal?

A. They add colour to the plate

B. They provide essential vitamins and minerals

C. They are low in calories

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D. They are easy to cook

7. How does meal planning help achieving nutritional goals?

A. lt ensures a balanced intake of nutrients

B. It reduces grocery expenses

C. It minimizes food waste

D. It increases cooking efficiency

8. What role does hydration play in maintaining a balanced diet?

A. lt enhances flavors of meals

B. It prevents dehydration

C. It reduces calorie intake

D. It improves digestion

9. Why is it reconmmended to include whole grains in a balanced meal?

A. They are low in carbohydrates

B. They provide fiber and nutrients

C. They have a longer shelf life

D. They are easier to digest

10.How can one ensure food safety during meal preparation?

A. Wash hands and surfaces frequently

B. Use raw eggs in cooking

C. Keep hot foods at room temperature

D. Reheat food only once

Review Exercise 2.11 A

1. You are giving a presentation on gardening to your classmates. How would you define organic
gardening to your audience?

2. Victor a Grade 9 learner is planning an organic Garden with his group member for a school project.

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What are some key organic gardening practices the should implement?

3. During a school article writing evening, Atieno wrote an article for the school newspaper about
organic gardening. How did she explain organic gardening as far as enhancement of food production is
concerned?

4. Your family wants to start an organic garden and asks for advice on what to plant. What vegetables,
legumes and spice crops can be grown using organic gardening practices?

5. During a community-based learning event, you and fellow learners are teaching workshop on organic
gardening. What is a step-by-step procedure for growing tomatoes using organic gardening practices?

6. Mr. Juma told his learners to prepare a debate on the benefits of organic gardening. What are the key
benefits of organic gardening in producing healthy foods that they should consider when writing down
their points?

7. You are writing a blog post to encourage people to try organic gardening. What should you write that
will help people appreciate and incorporate organic gardening into their daily lives?

Review Exercise 2.11 B

1. Juma a Grade 9 learner was asked by his teacher to explain what he understands by the term, organic
gardening. What is organic gardening?

A. Using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to grow plants.

B. Growing plants without any fertilizers or pest control.

C. Growing plants using natural processes and materials, avoiding synthetic chemicals.

D. Using genetically modified organisms to enhance plant growth.

2. Alice wanted to practice organic gardening practices. Which of the following organic gardening
practice that should she not practice?

A Composting B. Mulching C. Crop rotation D. Using synthetic pesticides

3. Victor, a community vegetable supplier, practices organic gardening practices in his small farm. How
does crop rotation benefits Victor's food production in organic gardening?

A. By reducing soil erosion.

B. By preventing nutrient depletion and reducing pest cycles.

C. By increasing the use of synthetic fertilizers.

D. By minimizing water usage.

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4. Wanyoike is planning to start a small-scale farming using organic gardening practices Which of the
following crops can he not grow using organic gardening practices in his kitchen qarden?

A. Tomatoes B. Carrots C. Basil D. Apples

5. For your school project, you and your group members are planning to grow tomatoes. What is the first
step in preparing to grow tomatoes organically?

A. Applying synthetic fertilizers to the soil.

B. Testing the soil pH and amending it with organic matter.

C. Spraying pesticides to eliminate pests.

D. Harvesting the tomatoes immediately.

6. In the last few years, the people of Lwala village has really embarked on organic gardening because of
its benefits. Why is organic gardening important for producing healthy foods?

A. It ensures the use of synthetic chemicals.

B. It reduces the nutritional value of produce.

C. It avoids chemical residues, leading to healthier food.

D. It increases the cost of food production.

7 After learning about organic gardening practices in school, you and your classmates have decided to
make your school community appreciate its impact. How can we appreciate organic gardening in our
daily lives?

A. By only eating processed foods.

B. By supporting local organic farmers and growing our own organic gardens.

C. By using more synthetic chemicals in our own gardens.

D. By avoiding fresh fruits and vegetables

8. Andrew noticed several practices that can help him control pests in his small Shamba. Which organic
gardening practice does not con tributes to reducing pest problems naturally?

A. Crop rotation B. Mulching C. Companion planting D. Using pesticide.

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Review Exercise 2.12A
1. Maria's family is planning to store maize in their old granary. What steps should Maria take to prepare
the granary for this purpose?

2. While considering a lease on a new storage facility, Jamal want to ensure it's suitable for storing his
agricultural products. What key aspects should he inspect in the facility before making a decision?

3. Amina has purchased new storage bags for her upcoming harvest. How can she ensure these bags are
free from pests before using them for storage?

4. In a class project about storing pulses, Lucas needs to discuss the importance of aeration. Why is good
ventilation crucial for storing pulses like lentils?

5. As part of a community service project, Sofia is tasked with drafting routine maintenance schedule for
the local grain silo. What activities should she include in this schedule?

6. In an effort to maintain sustainability, Noah is exploring environmentally friendly pest control

methods for his family's crop storage facility. What methods could he consider?

7. During a school presentation of food preservation, Emma needs to explain the role of hygiene. How
does maintaining cleanliness in storage facilities help prevent crop spoilage?

8. Ethan is consulting with local farmers on improving their storage facilities. How should he advise a
farmer looking to modify an old barn for storing perishable vegetables?

9. In her agricultural science class, Chloe is asked to analyze the impact of storage management on crop
quality. What are the potential consequences of poor storage practices on crop quality?

10. To enhance his family farm's storage management, Liam plans to implement regular inspections. How
can these inspections help reduce the risk of crop losses?

Review Exercise 2.12 B

1. Before storing the newly harvested rice, Ayesha is preparing the farm's storage barn. What should she
do first?

A. Paint the interior and exterior

B. Thoroughly clean the barn

C. Check for any pests

D. Seal all cracks and openings

2. During a routine check of the community storage unit, Carlos is tasked with ensuring the longevity of
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stored grains. What aspect should he regularly monitor?

A. The colour of the storage unit's walls

B. The moisture content of the grains

C. The temperature outside the storage unit

D. The height of the grain piles

3. Nina is managing the apple storage at her orchard to minimize waste. Which action is most responsible
for ensuring the quality of the stored apples?

A. Ignoring the initial small signs of mold on some apples

B. Applying strong chemicals immediately for faster results

C. Regularly turning the apples to expose all sides evenly

D. Stacking as many apples as possible in the storage to save space

4. Liam and Emma are tasked with preparing a storage room for the upcoming potato harvest. What
should they ensure is done to the floor of the room?

A. Decorate it with mats

B. Cover it with plastic sheeting

C. Thoroughly clean and dry it

D. Place wooden pallets evenly

5. Sophia noticed a crack in the wall of the granary where corn is stored. What is the best action she
should take?

A. Cover it with a poster

B. Monitor it over time

C. Seal it immediately

D. Ignore it unless pests are seen

6. During on inspection, Noah finds rodent droppings in the storage facility. What should be his
immediate action?

A. Set up a trap outside the facility

B. Apply rodent repellent around the facility

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C. Conduct a thorough clean-up and seal entry points

D. Increase the lighting inside the facility

7 Ava and Mio are planning the layout of a new seed storage unit. What is a critical I factor they should
consider for the shelving arrangement?

A Aesthetic appeal of the shelves B Maximum weight capacitų of the shelves

C Ease of access for doily checks D Colour coordination with the walls

8. Lucas and Oliver are learning about moisture control in stored grains. What tool should they use to
monitor this?

A. A thermometer

B. A barometer

C. A hygrometer

D. An anemometer

9. Ella and Ethan are tasked with disposing of spoiled wheat. What is the best practice for handling this
situation?

A. Bury the wheat deep in the ground

B. Burn the wheat outside the storage area

C. Throw the wheat in the regular trash

D. Use the wheat for animal feed

10.Charlotte finds her storage bags slightly damp before using them for storing dried beans. What should
she do to ensure the beans remain dry and safe?

A. Wipe the bags with a towel

B. Pre-dry the bags in the sun

C. Fill the bags and store them immediately

D. Spray the bags with a moisture-resistant coating

Review Exercise 2.13 A

1. Lavenda was preparing pancake mixture to cook some pancakes for breakfast. The mixture turned out

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to be too thin. What would you advise her to do to thicken it?

2. During a home science lesson, Kamu made a dough as his flour mixture. What were the possible goods
he was going to cook?

3. Elsie wants to achieve golden brown crunchy chicken thighs for her party. What should she do?

4. After kneading mandazi dough, Mike allowed his dough to rest for some time. What did he leave it to
rest and not cook directly?

5. Terry and her mum went to the market to buy flour for their bakery. What should they consider before
buying?

6. Jim wants to cook pancakes for breakfast and does not know what he should have. What ingredients are
crucial should he have?

Review Exercise 2.13 B

1 Ken is a baker and has several flour mixtures for his baking processes. Which among these is the odd
one out?

A. Dough B. Cake flour C. Pancake mixture D. Sponge

2. Pollet has made a batter mixture and cannot decide what to cook B. Coke flour with it. With your help,
which one of these can she not prepare with it?

A. Pancakes B. Waffles C. Cakes D. Doughnuts

3. Julian is having issues when rolling out her dough. What could be the reason as to why?

A. She did not let her dough rest

B. She used too much flour

C. She has not sneered some butter on it

D. She is using a thin rolling pin

4. Some visitors have requested your mother who is a chef to make them crunchy chicken thighs for their
occasion. What flour mixture should she use to fulfil this?

A. Crumb topping mixture

B. Paste mixture

C. Coasting mixture

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D. Batter mixture

5. Grade 7 learners are to make chapatis for the first time. The following ingredients are needed for their
cooking except;

A. Milk B. All purpose flour C. Cooking oil D. Water

6. Vicy is baking bread and wants to use one of these leavening agents. Which one is the odd one out?

A. Yeast B. Baking powder C. Butter D. Baking soda

End of strand assessments

Study questions 2A
1. Faith has a project she wants to do over the holidays. She is planning to plant carrots in their kitchen
garden at home. She has come to you to help her choose the right planting site and plant the carrots. What
steps should you both follow until planting?

2. Grade 8 learners found their beans in this condition at their school garden. what type of disease is this
and how would they control it?

3. Nerlt's family was holding a family get together at their house. Theu bought big chunks of meat some
days before they get together day. Suggest some methods they would use to preserve the meat from going
bad before the occasion.

4. Queen is having a difficult time cooking pancakes as she does not know what ingredients she needs and
how to cook them. Advise her on the ingredients and steps to follow.

5. Annet is an agronomist and she was visited by local farmers about pests and diseases that affect their

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crops. She taught the farmers why it is important to always control pests and diseases in their farm. What
was her explanation?

6. During a planting exercise, learners were instructed to mulch their tomato seedlings and water them.
Give three benefits they received from mulching their seedlings

7. Atm milk vendor noticed his fresh milk spoils easily especially during hot days which makes him go
loss. What are some of the methods would you advise him to adopt to prevent this?

8. After planting kale seedlings in a nursery bed, Zara started removing some seedlings after growing.
What is the practice called and why was it important for her kales?

9. During easter holiday, Mungai saw his dad using method when preparing some food. identify it and
precautionary measures his dad was observing

10. Every end month a chicken farmer exports his eggs to Uganda. Before packing them, he has to sort
the eggs. Why is it important for him to sort?

11. The following is Sunny's homestead which has a kitchen backyard garden. Sunny is the one that
advised her parents on doing so. What benefits do they get from this?

12. Grade 8 learners constructed this housing for their project. What practices should they follow when

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rearing poultry in it for production of food?

13. People around Lake Victoria fish as the source of living. What are the main ways they prepare fish
after harvesting?

14. Ng'anga wants to cook chapati, chicken and cabbage as this is a balanced meal for dinner party. What
are some of the factors should he consider before preparing?

15. Farmers were instructed to adopt organic gardening in their farms as it will improve their farm's soil
fertility. What are some of the practices did they start practicing?

16. Mukoko farm has yielded at a very high rate than before. The owner is stranded on what to do as
harvesting time is near. What structures should he implement to accommodate all his harvest?

17. A local bakery wants to cook many types of pastry for different customers. What kind of flour
mixtures are they expected to know how to prepare?

18. Ivy's father has accidentally cut his finger when beheading the chicken. He has requested Ivy to
continue with the dressing of the chicken. What steps should she follow afterwards?

19. When weeding in her kitchen garden, Yendi was heaping the soil around his spinach plants. Identify
the practice and its importance.

20. The following is a warehouse a flour company has for its maize. What are the management practices
they carry out before milling maize?

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Practice Quiz 2 B 1
1. Grace wants to cook her potatoes by using dry heat and high temperatures for crunchy result Which
method should she use?

A. Boiling B. Drying C Heating D. Roasting

2. Tatu junior school wants to plant maize through organic gardening. What is the main principle should
they follow to be on the right

A. Use of pesticides for pests

B. Use animal or compost manure when planting

C. Plant maize separately from the rest of the crops

D. Use seeds that are genetically modified

3. Pat always uses roux in his cooking. What role does roux play in his cooking?

A. Adding flavor to deserts

B. Giving a crunchy taste on fried food

C. Thickening soups and sauces

D. Tenderizing meat

4. Learners were taught on the main components of a balanced meal. Who among the following prepared
the right meal?

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A. Carol- rice, potatoes, beef mango

B. With in- chapati, beans, orange, spinach

C. Devy- spaghetti, beef potatoes, milk

D. Nacy- mandazi, milk, melon track?

5. Fallow has no refrigerator for preserving his milk. The following are other methods he can preserve it
except;

A. Refrigeration

B. Boiling

C. Pasteurizing

D. Condensing

6. Jim found his potatoes having brown spots ort his tuber which made their quality poor. Which is the
most likely disease was affecting the potatoes?

A. Potato scab B. Bacterial wilt C. Early blight D. Late blight

7. Jane preferred rearing her poultry in folds rather than fixed area. What is the main advantage of using
this method?

A. Forage opportunities are many

B. Easier protection from predators

C. Access to sunlight

D. Easier cleaning

8. A fisherman caught a several fish from the fish pond at his farm. What is the first step he should do in
preparing the fish?

A. Washing B. Gutting C. Frying D. Scaling

9. Sarah, James and Amina are preparing a site for planting tomatoes in their school garden. They first
need to clear the land, till the soil and add compost to improve soil fertility. Which is the correct order to
follow?

A. Clear the land, add chemical fertilizers and water immediately

B. Clear the land, till the soil and add compost.

C. Clear the land, plant the seeds and add mulch.

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D Till the soil, add compost and water once a week.

10 Sophie loves to bake cokes that ore soft and moist Which cooking method should she use to achieve
this texture?

A Roasting B. Steaming C. Grilling D. Sauteing

11. Lisa is planning the layout of her new chicken fold, What is important to include for optimal chicken
health and safety?

A. High walls only

B. Music speakers

C. Ample lighting and ventilation

D. Carpeted flooring

12. Mr. Lee cooking class, students are learning how to prepare a balanced diet. Each student is assigned
to create a meal with a specific focus. Emily is preparing a protein-rich meal, Jack is making a meal high
in healthy fats, Sophia is focusing on high-fiber dishes and Noah is tasked with creating a meal rich in
vitamins and minerals. Which student should include salmon as a main ingredient to meet their focus?

A. Jack

B. Emily

C. Sophia

D. Noah

13. Ones found his grandma removing excess seedlings from the nursery bed of cabbage His qrand
mother told him that the method is called thinning and explained the importance to him. The following
were her responses except,

A. Reduces competition of nutrients among seedlings

B. Enables sunlight and air to reach the base of the seedlings left.

C. Gives a quick way of detecting pests and disease

D. It improves soil fertility

14. Many locals have adopted kitchen garden in their homestead. Most of them have planted different
types of vegetables. Which is the main reason for adopting this method?

A. Reduces grocery costs

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B. Form of food security

C. Helps in utilizing available space

D. Reduces malnutrition among people

15. Farming expert advised several farmers on different methods of controlling pests through hand
picking. All the following are some of the ways he suggested except;

A. Uprooting heavily affected plant

B. Removing affected parts of the plant

C. Gapping some plants

D. Applying ash to reduce pest infestation

16. After removing all feathers on the turkey, Brick placed it on a flame to burn any hairs around the skin.
What do we call this step?

A. A Burning

B. Singeing

C. Roasting

D. Dehairing

17. When the chicken lay eggs, Daudi picks them for further sorting, packing and grading before selling
them. Which shows the right procedure after eggs are picked?

A Sorting, grading, packing

B. Grading, sorting, packing

C. Sorting, packing, grading

D. Grading, packing, sorting

18. People who live in rentals also have a chance to have an innovative kitchen garden. All the following
can be practiced in rentals except;

A Hanging pots

B. Containers

C. Tyre

D. Multistore Garden

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 19. Susan comes from a very rural village in the northern Kenya. They produce meat in large quantities
for selling. All the following methods of preserving meat can be used by her and the community except

A. Smoking B. Salting C. Refrigeration D. Sun drying

20. Kasee owns a posho mill where he mills ordinary maize flour. bought large quantities of maize for his
business and wants to preserve them for a very long time in a qood condition. What storage method
should he use?

A. Silos B. Containers C. Granary D. Large warehouse

21. Atieno wants to start a baking business where she only uses dough flour mixture. She can make
several wheat products from the mixture except;

A. Pizza B. Cakes C. Mandazi D. Chapati

22. Ms. Tessy demonstrated to her learners how they can physically remove weeds from their seedbed.
Which one is the odd one out?

A. Uprooting B. Tilling C. Slashing D Spraying pesticides

23. Cereal store owner has stored several sacks of beans in her warehouse. She is Supposed to manage the
stored beans by all the following. Which one is not

A. Checking moisture regularly and managing the room temperature

B. Sealing any cracks from the warehouse

C. Checking pests especially rodents and preventing them

D. Ensuring there is enough ventilation in the warehouse

24. Grade 8 learners are supposed to carry out some crop management practices on their seedbed to
ensure the seedlings grow healthy. Which one is not among the practices;

A Thinning B. Weeding C. Gapping D. Watering

25. Mohamed visited a local farm to broaden his knowledge on planting sites for different crops. He
learnt that different crops require different tilth for healthy growing. Which one is not among the types of
tilths he saw and learnt in his visit?

A. Smooth tilth

B. Fine tilth

C. Medium tilth

D. Coarse tilth

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STRAND 3: HYGIENE PRACTICES
Review Exercise 3.1A
1. Sarah's rabbit, Fluffy, lives in a cage that hasn't been cleaned in a while. Explain whų it's crucial to
regularly clean and ventilate her pet's housing.

2. Jack's dog, Max, often has a dirty water bowl. How can Jack ensure that Max's food and water
containers remain clean?

3. Emily's cat, Whiskers, has a litter box that is rarely cleaned. Discuss the potential health risks of
neglecting to clean a pet's living area.

4. Alex's friend uses a disinfectant that isn't pet-safe. What are the benefits of using disinfectants
specifically designed for pet hygiene?

5. Mia's hamster, Peanut, has dirty bedding. How often Mia clean Peanut shield's bedding and why is it
important?

6. James's pet is shedding a lot and looks dirty. Explain the process of grooming and cleaning your pet to
maintain its hygiene.

7. The Johnson family uses regular household cleaners for their pet's area. Why is it important to use pet-
safe cleaning agents?

8. Lily notices a bad smell coming from her pet's cage. What are the signs that a pet's living area needs
cleaning?

9. Ethan's dog often plays in the yard and gets dirty. Describe the best practices for disposing of pet waste
and keeping the living area clean.

10.Olivias cat seems to be getting sick frequently How can regular cleaning impact a pet's overall health
and well-being?

Review Exercise 3.1 B

1. John has a rabbit hutch that he cleans regularly. What is the primary reason for cleaning your pet's
housing?

A. To save money

B. To maintain hygiene

C. To reduce noise

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D. To make it look nice

2. Sarah noticed her cat, Whiskers, has been avoiding the litter box lately How often should you clean a
cat's litter box to ensure hygiene?

A. Once a month B. Every week C. Every day D. Every two weeks

3. Mike is considering different cleaning products for his dog's kennel. What is the benefit of using pet-
safe disinfectants in animal hygiene?

A They add fragrance

B. They kill bacteria and viruses

C. They make the animal's fur shiny

D. They prevent shedding

4. Emily's dog, Max, eats from a bowl that she washes regularly. What should you use to clean a dog's
food bowl to ensure it is safe for the pet?

A. Dish soap and water B. Bleach C. Laundry detergent D. Just water

5. David noticed his hamster's bedding looks dirty and smells bad. How can you tell if an animal's
bedding needs to be changed?

A. It's a different colour

B. It has an odor and is damp

C. The animal looks unhappy

D. lt's been over a month

6. Anna entered her bird's room and immediately noticed a strong, unpleasant smell. What is a common
sign that your pet's living area is not well-ventilated?

A. Increased noise levels

B. Unpleasant odours

C. More frequent feeding

D. Less shedding

7. Chris wants to disinfect his cat's play area but is concerned about using harsh chemicals. Which of the
following is a pet-safe disinfectant?

A. Ammonia B. Vinegar solution C. Bleach D. Muriatic acid

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 8. Linda takes her dog, Bella, to the park often and wants to keep her clean. Why should you clean your
pet regularly?

A. To make it look pretty

B. To prevent diseases

C. To save money

D To make it smell nice

9. James found a urine stain on the carpet where his cat, Felix, likes to nap. What type of stain remover
should be used for pet urine to ensure safety and effectiveness?

A. General household cleaner

B. Pet-specific stain remover

C. Laundry bleach

D. Window cleaner

10. Kate is trying to maintain a clean-living space for her pet rabbit, Thumper. What is the best way to
maintain cleanliness in your pet's living environment?

A. Ignoring minor dirt

B. Regular cleaning and disinfecting dirty

C. Cleaning only when it looks

D. Using air fresheners

Review Exercise 3.2 A

1. Milka wants to wash her white school blouses, purple and black t-shirts. What procedure should she
follow when washing?

2. Oscar soaked his colored jeans for some time before washing and : found the water had turned to the
colour of cloth. What was the reason behind this?

3. Immaculate saw her mother kneading and squeezing some coloured clothes and curiously asked her
why she was doing so. What was her response?

4. Nduta saw this label on her blue shirt. What do the symbols mean?

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5. Tim added vinegar on his rinsing water when washing. What was the importance of doing this?

6. Rachel ensured she had washed her colored clothes inside out and washed them gently. What is the
importance of washing them inside out?

Review Exercise 3.2 B

1. Martha ensures she has any of the following cleaning materials that prevent colour loss from her
coloured items. Which one is not?

A. Vinegar B. Salt C. Soap D. Lemon

2. During a home science school project, learners were instructed to hang their coloured item under the
shade. What was the reason behind this?

A. To prevent colour loss from fading

B. To ensure they dry slowly

C. To avoid harsh temperatures

D. The shade was accessible to them

3. Muli was recommended to use a fabric softener after buying sor coloured clothes. He was given the
following reasons except,

A. It prevents stretching

B. It prevents fading

C. It prevents wrinkling

D. It prevents fuzzing

4. What would you advice Susan when ironing clothes that are loose coloured?

A. Iron the clothes when in the right side and completely dry

B. Iron the clothes inside out and a little dump

C. Use iron that is very hot to do faster

D. Iron when they are very dump

5. Grade 6 learners were taught the importance of reading fabric labels. These were some of the reasons
given except;

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A. To know the water temperature to use when washing it

B. To know the type of detergent to use on the fabric

C. To know the method of washing to be used and how many times to wash

D. To know which country is manufactured from

6. Jane was asked by her sibling to explain to him what is the right temperature for him to wash his
coloured t-shirts. What was her response?

A. Hot water B. Warm water C. Cold water D. Any temperature is fine

Review Exercise 3.3A

Read the excerpt and answer the following questions

The Malik family has had an incredibly busy week. Between work, school and extracurricular activities,
their kitchen has seen a lot of use but not much cleaning. Now, it's Saturday morning and the kitchen is in
need of a thorough cleaning to restore its hygiene and order. Dirty dishes are piled up in the sink, the
countertops are cluttered with crumbs and spells and the floor is sticky in several places. The refrigerator
needs organizing and the trash is overflowing. The appliances, including the microwave and oven, have
visible grime and food splatters.

Mr. Malik decides to organize a family cleanup session. He assigns tasks to each family member to
ensure every part of the kitchen is cleaned and sanitized.

1. What are the specific cleaning tasks that need to be addressed to restore hygiene in the Malik family's
kitchen?

2. Which daily, weekly and monthly cleaning tasks should be included in this session?

3. Outline the steps each task should take to complete their assigned tasks effectively

4. What cleaning supplies and tools will they need for each task?

5. Why is it important for the Malík family to follow a regular cleaning routine to maintain kitchen
hygiene?

6. How can a clean kitchen contribute to the health and well being of the family?

7. Describe precautions one should take when cleaning stainless steel appliances to prevent damage

8. Why is it important to use separate cleaning tools for dishes and countertops in the kitchen?

9. Discuss the importance of sweeping the kitchen floor before mopping, especially after a busy cooking

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session.

10. What actions should be taken if a pet enters the kitchen during cleaning activities?

Review Exercise 3.3 B

1. Sarah just finished cooking a family dinner. There are pots, pans and several dirty dishes piled up in the
sink. What should Sarah do next to ensure proper dishwashing?

A. Leave the dishes to soak overnight.

B. Wash dishes with cold water to save energy.

C. Use hot, soapy water and a clean sponge to wash and rinse dishes thoroughly.

D. Leave them for someone else to clean later.

2. After preparing a meal, Marig notices spilled sauce and crumbs on the kitchen countertops. Who is the
best approach to clean the countertops?

A Quickly wipe with a dry cloth.

B. Use a damp cloth with water

C. Use a disinfectant spray followed by wiping with clean cloth.

D. Let the spills dry and clean them later.

3. The kitchen sink has become stained and has a faint odor. What should James do reqularlų to maintain
the cleanliness of the sink?

A. Ignore the stains; they will eventually disappear

B. Scrub with baking soda and vinegar weekly.

C. Clean with hot, soapy water and disinfectant daily.

D. Rinse with cold water after each use.

4. After a busy cooking session, the kitchen floor is sticky and has food crumbs. What should Tom do
before mopping the floor?

A. Immediately mop with water.

B. Use a vacuum cleaner to pick up crumbs.

C. Leave the floor as it is; it's not that dirty.

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D. Sweep the floor to remove debris and crumbs.

5. The kitchen trash bin is full after preparing a large meal. What is the best practice for managing kitchen
trash?

A. Wait until it overflows to empty it.

B. Avoid using trash bags; it's better for the environment.

C. Compress trash to fit more before disposal.

D. Use trash bags and dispose of daily or when full.

6. Sofia notices food splatters inside the microwave after heating meals throughout the day. How should
she clean the microwave?

A. Use a damp cloth with soap and water.

B. Wipe with a dry cloth.

C. Heat vinegar inside the microwave and wipe clean.

D. Use the microwave as is; the splatters will evaporate eventually.

7. Alex opens the refrigerator to find spilled liquids and expired food items. What steps should he take to
clean and organize the refrigerator?

A. Remove all items, clean shelves with warm soapy water and organize food items.

B. Quickly wipe spills and leave expired food for later.

C. Spray dis infectant directly on spills and wipe with a cloth.

D. Close the refrigerator and deal with it later.

8. After baking a casserole, Emily notices grease stains and food residue inside the oven. How should she
clean the oven effectively?

A. Wipe with a dry cloth.

B. Use a wet cloth with soap and water.

C. Leave the oven dirty; it's still usable.

D. Use a commercial oven cleaner following instructions.

9 When cleaning kitchen cabinets, what is the best method to remove grease and grime from cabinet
doors?

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A. Use a dry cloth.

B. Wipe with a damp cloth and vinegar solution.

C. Use a scrub brush with bleach

D. Spray the cabinets with water and let them air dry

10. There are grease stains on the stove and countertops after cooking fried foods. How should Marie
clean these surfaces?

A. Use hot water and dish soap.

B. Use a mixture of vinegar and water.

C. Use a degreaser or baking soda paste.

D. Ignore the grease stains; they will disappear over time.

11.What should be done periodically to ensure the dishwasher operates efficiently?

A. Use dishwashing liquid instead of dishwasher detergent.

B. Avoid using the dishwasher altogether.

C. Clean the filter and check for clogs or debris.

D. Run the dishwasher only when fully loaded. -

12. After preparing raw meat, what is the safest way to clean the cutting board?

A. Wash with cold water.

B. Wash with hot, soapy water and sanitize with bleach.

C. Use the cutting board as is; it's still usable.

D. Wipe with a dry cloth.

13.After cooking, kitchen windows have accumulated grease and dust. What is the most effective way to
clean them?

A. Use a dry cloth.

B. Leave the windows dirty; it adds character to the kitchen.

C. Use a vinegar and water solution with a microfiber cloth.

D. Use a mixture of water and dish soap.

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14. While cleaning up, Sarah accidentally drops a glass on the kitchen floor, breaking it. What should she
do next?

A. Sweep up glass pieces with a broom and dustpan.

B. Use hands to pick up glass pieces.

C. Use a vacuum cleaner to pick up glass pieces.

D. Leave the glass pieces on the floor; they will get cleaned eventually.

15. The kitchen has a lingering odor after cooking seafood. What is an effective way to eliminate odors?

A. Burn scented candles.

B. Open windows for ventilation.

C. Ignore the odor; it will go away on its own.

D. Boil vinegar on the stove.

16. During kitchen cleaning, a pet enters the kitchen. What is the best course of action?

A. Allow the pet to stay and observe.

B. Continue cleaning while pet is present.

C. Shoo the pet away to another room.

D. Clean up quickly and leave the pet alone.

17.Where is the most appropriate place to store kitchen cleaning supplies?

A. Under the sink

B. On the countertop.

C. In a bedroom closet.

D Scatter them around the kitchen for easy access.

18. Why is it important to use separate sponges for cleaning dishes and wiping countertops?

A. To save money on sponges.

B. To prevent the spread of

C. To avoid scratching countertops.

D. To reduce clutter in the kitchen.

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19. What should you avoid when cleaning stainless steel appliances to prevent damage?

A. Using a soft cloth.

B. Using water only.

C. Using abrasive cleaners.

D. Using a metal scrubber.

20.How does regular cleaning contribute to maintaining a healthy kitchen environment?

A. It keeps the kitchen looking tidy for quests.

B. It ensures food tastes better.

C. It helps save on cleaning supplies.

D. It prevents the spread of germs and bacteria.

Review Exercise 3.4 A

1. Why it is important for Kevin to clean the garbage bins regularly?

2. Describe a scenario where not cleaning a waste bin led to a problem in Jim's neighborhood.

3. What steps can Leila take to ensure the sink at her home remains clean?

4. How does cleaning the waste facilities contribute to environmental health? Discuss with examples from
Tom's community.

5. Explain how regular cleaning of drains can prevent diseases community, using Saro's neighborhood as
an example.

6. Discuss the social benefits of maintaining clean waste disposal facilities using an example Jorom
Anita's school.

7 How can cleaning waste disposal areas improve the quality of life in urban areas? Use scenarios from
cities like the one where Rachel lives.

8. Discuss the role of children in promoting cleanliness in waste disposal facilities, using examples from a
project that Olivia and Max are working on.

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Review Exercise 3.4 B
1. Emily observes that the garbage bins in her neighborhood are not being cleaned regularly, leading to an
increase in flies and pests. Why is it important for Emily to advocate for regular cleaning of these bins?

A. lo create more waste

B. To increase neighborhood expenditures

C. To reduce health hazards

D. To make the bins look more colorful

2. Josh noticed a bad smell coming from the kitchen sink. What should Josh do first to clean the sink
properly at his household level?

A. Paint the sink

B. Replace the sink

C. Clean the sink with appropriate disinfectants

D. Ignore the smell

3. Lara wants to encourage her family to use clean waste disposal facilities. Which approach should she
consider most effective?

A. Offering to clean the facilities herself regularly

B Waiting for someone else to start

C. Complaining about the mess

D. Ignoring the problem

4. During a school project, Mark learns about the dangers of contaminated waste areas. What is a primary
reason for Mark to keep waste disposal areas clean at home?

A. To increase the waste

B. To attract insects

C. lo prevent disease spread

D. To use more cleaning products

5. Sofia and her classmates are planning a clean-up drive. They aim to focus on local waste bins. Why is
this activity important for their community?

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A. It increases community spending

B. It spreads awareness and promotes health

C. It is a requirement for graduation

D. It will make the bins heavier

6. Tony found that his little brother reluctant to dispose of the trash because the bin is dirty. What should
Tony do to solve this problem?

A. Tell his brother to ignore the dirt

B. Clean and disinfect the bin to encourage usage

C. Buy a new house

D. Scold his brother

7 Anna and her friend noticed that not many people in their apartment use the recycling bins because they
are always messy. What can Anna do to improve the situation?

A. Decorate the bins

B. complain to the landlord

C. Organize a cleaning roster with neighbors

D. Remove the bins

8. During an environmental club meeting, Kevin presented about the risks of poorlų maintained drains.
What is a key benefit of keeping these drains clean?

A. It increases water usage

B. It prevents blockages and health risks

C. It makes the drains narrower

D. It is cheaper to maintain dirty drains

9. Julia is teaching her younger siblings about the importance of hygiene. What should she tell them is a
benefit of using clean waste disposal facilities?

A. It helps them spend more time cleaning

B. It prevents the spread of illnesses

C. It makes the facilities smell worse

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D. It requires more chemicals

10 After reading about pollution, Noah is motivated to keep his home's waste facilities clean. What is an
immediate benefit of his actions?

A. Increased pollution

B. more waste accumulation

C. Better home hygiene

D. Higher expenses

Review Exercise 3.5 A

1. How should Lucas approach disinfecting the shared school computer keyboard used by multiple
students daily?

2. What is the best way for Emma to disinfect her kitchen after handling raw meat to prevent cross-
contamination?

3. Daniel is concerned about the potential risks of overusing disinfectant on various household surfaces
what should he be aware of?

4. Sophie needs to know which disinfectant is safe for different types of clothing materials after an
accidental spill.

5. Ben wants to understand why it's crucial to regularly disinfect pet toys and accessories, especially with
multiple pets at home.

6. Charlotte is exploring how regular disinfecting routines can help reduce allergens in her household
environment.

7. Ryan's home recently experienced flooding what specific steps should he take to thoroughly disinfect
and sanitize his living space?

8 Zoe is expecting a baby soon and wants to ensure she knows the correct methods for disinfecting
nursery to keep it safe and clean.

9. Harry needs guidance on the proper protocols for disinfecting medical equipment at home to maintain
cleanliness and safety.

10.Grace is researching how the frequency of disinfecting should be adjusted during an epidemic to
effectively minimize the spread of germs and viruses.

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Review Exercise 3.5 B
1. Tyler needs to know which of the following is he recommended to use boiling as a method of
disinfection, which one?

A. Delicate fabric B. Durable metals C. Electronics D. Wooden items

2. Mia wants to understand which method is not recommended for disinfecting soft toys:

A. Using a steam cleaner

B. Soaking in boiling water

C. Spraying with a mild disinfectant

D. Sunlight exposure

3. Joshua is curious about the primary benefit of using sunlight to disinfect household items, which one?

A. It is expensive

B. It leaves a pleasant smell

C. It is always available

D. It requires special equipment

4 Emily is researching what to avoid when disinfecting electronic devices, which is the correct answer?

A. Wiping with a dry cloth

B. Using alcohol-based wipes

C. Spraying directly with liquid

D. Using a microfiber cloth

5. Alexander is seeking the most effective method for disinfecting kitchen countertops after handling raw
meat, which one is it?

A. Wiping with a dirty cloth

B. Using a sugar solution

C. Applying a bleach-based disinfectant

D. Rinsing with dirty water

6. Lily wants to understand why it's important to wear gloves when using chemical disinfectants, which

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one is it?

A. Improve grip

B. Prevent skin irritation

C. Keep hands warm

D. Increase the effectiveness of the disinfectant

7. Owen needs advice on how to treat clothing contaminated by floodwater, which is the best advice?

A. Tumble dry only

B. Dry clean

C. Wash with hot water and a strong detergent

D. Air dry

8. Isabelle is concerned about safe practices when disinfecting with boiling water, except?

A. food and beverages

B. Using it on ceramic dishes

C. Using it on glassware

D. Using it on metallic utensils

9. Ethan wants to know the main reason to disinfect toys in a nursery, whether to:

A. Make them look new

B. Prevent the spread of germs

C. Maintain colour brightness

D. Comply with manufacturing guidelines

10. Ava is asking about an important factor to consider when ironing clothes to disinfect them, including:

A. The colour of the fabric

B. The type of fabric

C. The age of the fabric

D. The size of the fabric

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End of strand assessments

Study questions 3A
1. Sarah loved playing outside with her friends every afternoon after school. One day, she noticed that
her friend Jack always washed his hands before eating snacks. Curious, she asked him why. Why is it
important to wash hands before eating snacks?

2. Maya forgot to brush her teeth one night and woke up with a bad taste in her mouth. She learned a
lesson about the importance of dental hygiene. Why should you brush your teeth before going to bed?

3. Tom's family always kept their kitchen clean and stored food properly. One day, they avoided getting
sick during a neighborhood outbreak. How Can keeping your kitchen clean prevent diseases?

4. Emily's grandmother taught her the importance of covering her mouth and nose when coughing or
sneezing as shown below;

5 Lucas learned about the dangers of sharing personal items like towels and combs after his sister got a
fungal infection. Why should you avoid sharing personal items like towels and combs?

6. Maria saw her classmates using hand sanitizer after playing schoolyard. She wondered why they did
that. Why is it import to use hand sanitizer when you can't wash your hands with soap and water?

7. Ben's family always made sure to wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating them shown
below;

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One day they avoided getting sick from contaminated produce. How does washing fruits and vegetables
prevent foodborne illnesses?

8. Jessica's family taught her the importance of wearing clean clothes every day. Why should you wear
clean clothes regularly?

9. Jake learned about the importance of showering regularly after a hygiene lesson at school. Why is it
important to shower regularly?

10. Emma's school started a campaign to encourage students to drink enough water every day. Why is
drinking enough water important for your health and hygiene?

11. Daniel realized the importance of trimming his nails regularly after he got a nail infection. Why
should you keep your nails trimmed and clean?

12. Sophie's family taught her about the proper way to dispose of garbage to keep their surroundings
clean and hygienic. Why is proper garbage disposal important for hygiene?

13. Alex learned about the importance of getting enough sleep to stay healthy and maintain good hygiene.
How does getting enough sleep contribute to good hygiene?

14. Olivia's school started a hand washing challenge to promote good hygiene habits among students as
shown below;

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Why is hand washing with soap and water important for preventing Iinesses ?

15. Liam's family installed water filters to ensure they always had clean drinking water at home. Why is it
important to drink clean and safe water?

16. Mia learned about the importance of maintaining a clean and hygienic environment at home to
prevent the spread of germs. How does maintaining a clean environment at home promote good hygiene?

17. Noah learned about the benefits of exercising regularly for overall health and hygiene. Why is regular
exercise important for maintaining good hygiene?

18 Ava's school started a program to teach students about the proper way to wash hands to prevent the
spread of germs. How does washing hands properly prevent the spread of germs?

19. Ethan realized the importance of using clean utensils and dishes to avoid food contamination after his
family had a foodborne illness as shown below.

Why should you use clean utensils and dishes when preparing and eating food?

20. Isabella's family always ensured everyone in the household got vaccinated to protect against

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preventable diseases. Why are vaccinations important for maintaining good hygiene and health?

Practice Quiz 3B
1. Lily noticed that her friend Sam always washed his hands before eating lunch. She asked him why he
did that as displayed below;

Why is it important to wash your hands before eating?

A. To make them smell good

B. To remove dirt and germs

C. To cool them down

D. To make them look clean

2. Ben forgot to brush his teeth one night and woke up with a bad taste in his mouth. He realized he
needed to brush regularly.

Why should you brush your teeth twice a day?

A. To whiten your teeth

B. To remove food particles and bacteria

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C. To keep your breath fresh all day

D. To strengthen your teeth.

3. Emily's mother always reminded her to wash fruits and vegetables before eating them as shown below.
Why are washing fruits and vegetables important?

A. To make them taste better

B. To remove dirt, pesticides and bacteria

C. To make them shiny

D To make them easier to peel

Diagram: Show images of fruits and vegetables being washed under running water.

4. Mike's family always cleaned their kitchen thoroughly after cooking meals as shown below;

How does keeping your kitchen clean help with hygiene?

A it makes cooking easier

B. it prevents the spread of bacteria

C. it keeps pests away

D it makes the kitchen look nice

5. Sarah learned the importance of washing her hands after using the restroom at school. What is the main
reason for washing uour hands after using the restroom?

A To remove soap

B. To feel refreshed

C. To prevent the spread of germs

D. To dry them properly

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6. Jacob's family taught him to take regular showers to stay clean and healthy Why is taking regular
showers important for hygiene?

A It keeps you warm

B. It prevents body odor

C. It helps you wake up

D. It makes your hair grow faster

7. Mia saw her friend using hand sanitizer before eating lunch at the park. Why is using hg And sanitizer
helpful when you can't wash your hands?

A It moisturizes your skin

B. It kills germs on your hands

C. It makes your hands smell nice

D. It keeps your hands cool

8. Liam learned about the importance of covering his mouth and nose when sneezing. Why should you
cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze?

A. To keep your hands clean

B. To prevent the spread of germs

C. To reduce noise

D. To avoid sneezing again

9. Emma noticed that her friend always wore clean clothes to school.

Why is it important to wear clean clothes regularly?

A To stay fashionable

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B. To prevent skin infections

C To feel comfortable

D. To save water

10. Lucas learned that sharing personal items like towels could spread infections. Why should you avoid
sharing personal items?

A. To prevent losing them

B To keep them clean

C. To avoid spreading germs

D. To make them last longer.

11. Olivia's school had a campaign to promote drinking enough water every day. Why is staying hydrated
important för hygiene?

A. It helps with digestion

B. It prevents dehydration

C. It keeps your skin healthy

D. All of the above.

12. Daniel noticed his nails were getting dirty and decided to trim them. Why is keeping your nails
trimmed important?

A. To make them look neat

B. To prevent dirt accumulation and infections

C. To help them grow faster

D. To improve their colour

13. Ava learned about proper garbage disposal in' her science class as shown below;

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How does proper garbage disposal help with hygiene?

A. lt keeps the environment clean

B. It prevents bad smells

C It reduces the spread of germs and pests

D. All of the above

14. Ethan's teacher explained the importance of getting enough sleep. How does getting enough sleep
contribute to good hygiene?

A. lt helps your brain function better

B. It boosts your immune system

C. It helps you feel more alert

D. All of the above

15. Sophia saw a sign in the bathroom about washing hands for at least 20 seconds. Why is it important to
wash your hands for at least 20 seconds?

A. It makes them smell good

B. It effectively removes germs

C. It helps dry them faster

D. It feels refreshing

16. Mark's family used water filters to ensure their drinking water was clean as shown below.

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Why is drinking clean water important for health?

A. lt tastes better

B. It prevents waterborne diseases

C. lt is easier to drink

D. It keeps you hydrated

Diagram: Show a water flter system with clean water flowing into a glass.

17. Natalie's family always made sure to clean their house regularly. Why is it important to maintain a
clean home environment?

A. It looks nice

B. It reduces stress

C. It prevents the spread of germs

D. lt saves time.

18. James learned about the importance of exercising regularly from his PE teacher. How does regular
exercise contribute to good hygiene?

A. It strengthens your muscles

B. It helps you sweat out toxins

C. It makes you hungry

D. It improves your mood

19. Lily's family always used clean utensils to prepare and eat their meals. Why should you use clean
utensils when preparing food?

A. It makes cooking easier

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B. It prevents food contamination

C. It makes the food taste better

D. It helps with presentation

20. Ben's school had a program to teach students about the proper way to wash hands as Show below;

How does proper hand washing help prevent illnesses?

A. It removes germs

B. It makes your hands soft

C. It cools your hands

D. It makes your hands smell good

21. Maria learned that wearing a face mask in public could prevent the spread of illnesses. Why is
wearing a face mask important in public places?

A. It keeps you warm

B. It prevents the spread of germs

C. lt looks fashionable

D. It helps you breathe easier

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22. Jack's family always made sure to disinfect surfaces regularly as shown below;

Why is disinfecting surfaces important for hygiene?

A. It keeps them shiny

B. It removes dirt

C. It kills germs and bacteria

D. It prevents scratches

23. Emma learned the importance of eating a balanced diet to maintain qood health. How does a balanced
diet contribute to good hygiene?

A. It provides energy

B. It boosts the immune system

C. It keeps the body functioning properly

D. All of the above

24. John's school nurse taught him about the importance of getting vaccinated. Why are vaccinations
important for maintaining good health and hygiene?

A. They prevent infections

B. They boost your immune system

C. They reduce the spread of diseases

D. All of the above

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25. Olivia learned about the importance of avoiding close contact with sick people. Why should you avoid
close contact with sick people?

A. To prevent spreading illness

B. To avoid feeling uncomfortable

C. To get better faster

D. To maintain friendships

STRAND 4: PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES

Review Exercise 4.1 A
Sarah, a novice knitter, has just embarked on her first knitting project, a cozy scarf for her best friend's
birthday. As she sits with her needles and yarn, she ponders the intricacies of knitting:

1. What distinguishes knitting from other textile crafts? How does the interlocking of yarn loops on
needles create fabric?

2. What safety measures should Sarah take to ensure her knitting sessions are safe and enjoyable? How
can she avoid common pitfalls like dropped stitches or repetitive strain injuries?

3. How should Sarah care for her needles and yarn to prolong their lifespan? What are the best practices
for storing yarn to prevent tangling and maintain its quality?

Review Exercise 4.1

A Sarah, a novice knitter, has just embarked on her first knitting project, a cozy scarf for her best friend's
birthday. As she sits with her needles and yarn, she ponders the intricacies of knitting 1. What
distinguishes knitting from other textile crafts? How does the interlocking of yarn loops on needles create
fabric?

2. What safety measures should Sarah take to ensure her knitting sessions are safe and enjoyable? How
can she avoid common pitfalls like dropped stitches or repetitive strain injuries?

3. How should Sarah care for her needles and yarn to prolong their lifespan? What are the best practices
for storing yarn to prevent tangling and maintain its quality?

4. As Sarah progresses through her scarf project, how can she reflect on her learning journey? What
milestones can she set to track her improvement in knitting skills and technique?

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5. How can Sarah incorporate different stitch patterns like purl and knit stitches to add texture and visual
interest to her scarf?

6. What resources or guides can she use to explore advanced techniques beyond basic knitting?

7. What are the fundamental differences between knit and purl stitches?

Review Exercise 4.1 B

1. David accidentally spilled ink on his knitting project. What should he do first?

A. Rinse it with cold water

B. Blot it with a dry cloth

C. Wash it with detergent immediately

D. Leave it to air dry

2. Sophie is knitting a scarf and wants a reversible pattern. Which stitch pattern should she use?

A. Knit stitches

B. Purl stitches

C. Both alternately

D. None, use quilting

3. What is an essential tool for knitting that is not typically used in sewing?

A.Thimble B. Seam ripper C.Knitting needles D. Pins

4. Jack accidentally left his knitting needles in a humid area. What might happen to the needles?

A. They may rust

B. They will become sharper

C. They will stretch

D Nothing will happen

5. Emma is knitting a scarf ana Wants a smooth, even texture. Which stitch should she predominantly use?

A. Knit stitches

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B. Purl stitches

C. Both alternately

D. Neither, use crochet

6. James wants to create a fabric with raised, textured bumps. Which stitch should he use?

A. Knit stitches

B. Purl stitches

C. Both alternately

D. None, use weaving

7. Maria finished knitting a sweater and wants to store it. Where should she keep it to maintain its shape
and colour?

A. Folded in a plastic bag

B. Hung on a wooden hanger

C. Rolled in tissue paper

D. Folded in a breath able garment bag

8. Which of the following is necessary for knitting but not for crochet?

A Crochet hook

B. Yarn

C. Knitting needles

D. Stitch markers

9. Max wants to store his yarn to prevent tangling. What storage method should he use?

A. Keep it in an open basket

B. Store it in a plastic bag

C. Use a yarn bowl

D. Leave it loose on a shelf

10.Daniel accidentally washed his wool scarf in hot water. What is likely to happen to the scarf?

A. It will shrink

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B. It will become softer

C. It will stretch

D. Nothing will happen

Review Exercise 4.2 A

1. Maina wants to design the framed suspended garden to be more unique and visually attractive. What
ways should he use?

2. Sanaet is a farmer interested in framed suspended gardening for his plants. What factors should he take
into consideration when selecting these plants?

3. Mwanzo Junior School has been thinking to introduce framed suspended gardening as an educational
tool. How will they ensure it brings out the desired output?

4. Zippy is a lady living in urban area. How can she use framed suspended gardening to benefit herself in
the creation of sustainable living?

5. After starting suspended gardening, Grade 5 learners have been facing some challenges. What are some
of the challenges they are going through?

6. Mueni was asked for recommendations to be used as innovative materials that can add the value of a
framed suspended garden by improving its operation and appearance at school. What was her answer?

Review Exercise 4.2 B

1. Sam is an agronomist and has advised farmers to adopt framed suspended gardening. What is the main
benefit will they get?

A. Maximizing of horizontal space

B. Reduction of water consumption

C. Increase in soil fertility

D. Enhancing of root depth

2. Grade 6 learners have an agriculture project to plant using suspended gardening. What factor should
they consider when selecting planting material?

A. Soil pH level

B. Wind speed

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C. Ground temperature

D. Altitude

3. Brenda gave her aunt an idea of starting framed gardening even though she lives in Nairobi. What role
did she explain to her framed suspended gardens play in urban environments?

A. Increase air pollution

B. Reduce community engagement

C. Maximize use of limited space

D. Encourage water wastage

4. Samuel and his friends decided to start framed gardening during holiday. What is the main challenge
would they face when using framed suspended gardening?

A. Soil compaction

B. Excessive sunlight

C. Lack of plant diversity

D. Overwatering

5 Dukani community adopted framed suspended gardening in their community. How will these support
sustainability efforts?

A. By using synthetic fertilizers

B. By reducing carbon emissions

C. By increasing water consumption

D. By promoting deforestation

6. Zara is a learner interested in suspended gardening. Which material do you advise her t use for
containers in framed suspended gardens?

A Glass B. Concrete C. Plastic D. Metal

Review Exercise 4.3 A

1. Mwangi and Chemutai are growing potato es. What are some ways they can add value to their potatoes
to increase their profits?

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2. Lucy and John have a large crop of cassava. How can they add value to their cassava to make it more
marketable?

3. Mary and Paul produce a lot of groundnuts. What are the benefits of roasting and packaging
groundnuts compared to selling them raw?

4. Jane and Mike are interested in making pumpkin flour from their pumpkin harvest. What steps should
they follow?

5. Peter and Alice are considering drying their sweet potatoes. How does drying sweet potatoes add value
to the crop?

6. Wanjiru and Kevin have a small business making fresh juices. How does making juice from fresh fruits
add value to their produce?

7. David and Grace want to start a business making simsim (sesame) Snacks. How can they add value to
their sesame seeds?

8. Tom and Esther are debating whether to sell fresh vegetables or process then into ready-to cook
packages. What are the ad vantages of processing vegetables into convenience products?

9. Robert and Susan are learning about the importance of value addition in agriculture. How does adding
value to maize by making maize flour benefit farmers?

10. Njeri and James want to make dried fruits from their mangoes, What are the benefits of making dried
fruits compared to selling fresh mangoes?

Review Exercise 4.3 B

1. Nyanga and Linda grow cassava, What is one way they can odd value to their cassava?

A Sell it raw

B Dry and grind it into flour

C. Eat it themselves

D. Give it away

2. Faith and Brian want to make roasted groundnuts. What is one benefit of roasting groundnuts?

A They spoil faster

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B. They become harder to sell

C. They fetch a higher price

D. They lose their nutritional value

3. Lucy and Mariana are considering making juice from fresh fruits. What is one advantage of this
process?

A The fruits last longer

B. The fruits become cheaper

C. The fruits lose flavor

D. The fruits spoil quickly

4. Peter and Numbie are growing potatoes. What is a way to add value to their potatoes?

A Selling them fresh

B. Turning them into crisps

C. Throwing them away

D. Giving them to animals

5. Tom and Salome are learning about value addition. What is one benefit of processing maize into maize
flour?

A It spoils faster

B. It is harder to store

C. It sells at a higher price

D. It loses its taste

6. Anne and Paul have a bumper harvest of pumpkins. How can they add value to their pumpkins?

A. Selling them fresh

B. Making pumpkin flour

C. Letting them rot

D. Feeding them to livestock

7. David and Millie want to add value to their simsim (sesame). What is one method they can use?

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A. Eating it all

B. Roasting and making snacks

C. Ignoring it

D. Throwing it away

8. Jonte and Robert are interested in making sweet potato chips. How does this add value to their sweet
potatoes?

A. It makes them spoil faster

B. It reduces their market value

C. It increases their profitability

D. It makes them harder to sell

9. Alice and Jannie are debating the benefits of drying fruits. What is advantage of drying fruits?

A. They become less appealing

B. They last longer

C. They spoil faster

D. They lose nutrients

10. Tony and Lucy want to add value to their vegetables. What is one method they can use?

A. Selling them unwashed

B. Packaging them as ready-to cook products

C. Letting they sit in the sun

D. Storing them in the ground

Review Exercise 4.4 A

1. Ngena was asked to list two categories of raw materials used in soap production. What are the two
main categories of raw materials used in soap production?

2. Lucy is using soap to clean her hands. What is the function of soap?

3. What is the scientific term for the reaction between fats/oils and alkali that creates soap?

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 4. Ryan wants to wash dishes but the soap is depleted. However, he lacks money to buy soap. What are
some alternative cleaning products he can use?

5. Diferentiate between bar soap and liquid soap.

6. Eric listed down examples offats used in soap making. What are some common examples of fats and
oils used in soap making?

7. What are the key factors that influence the properties of soap?

8. Explain the significance of super fatting in soap making.

Review Exercise 4.4 B

1. Mutiso was asked to name the primary chemical reaction in soap making. What is the primary chemical
reaction involved in soap making?

A. Oxidation

B. Polymerization

C. Saponification

D. Fermentation

2. What is the role of sodium hydroxide in soap making?

A. It acts as a preservative.

B. It provides fragrance.

C. lt initiates saponification.

D. It enhances lather formation.

3. What is the ideal pH range of a finished soup?

A pH 1-3

B. pH 4-6

C. pH 7-9

D pH 10-12

4. The scientific term for the reaction between fats/oils and alkali that creates soap is:

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A Saponification B. Neutralization C. Combustion D. Fermentation

5. Soap's primary function is:

A To add fragrance

B. To soften skin

C. To create lather only

D. To kill bacteria and remove dirt/grease

6. Soap remains a relevant cleaning product because it is:

A. Expensive and luxurious

B. Effective, affordable and versatile

C. Harsh on most surface

D. Only suitable for hand washing

7. Micelles in soap are:

A Tiny bubbles of air

B. Clusters of soap molecules with cleaning properties

C. Leftover lye after the reaction

D. Unreacted fats/oils

Review Exercise 4.5 A

1. You are making a simple cotton skirt. Explain how you would sew a plain seam to join the side seams
of the skirt.

2. Jenifer was sewing a lightweight linen blouse. Describe how she would sew an open seam for finishing
the neckline of the blouse?

3. Joseph was hemming a pir of denim jeans. Explain how he would sewa plain seam to finish the row
edges of the hem.

4. Eunice a grade 8 learners was assembling o patchwork quilt from cotton squares. Describe how she
would sew open seams.

5. Jane was sewing a set of reusable cloth napkins using medium weight cotton fabric. Describe how she
would sew a plain seam to join the edges of the napkins, ensuring durability and a neat finish.

6 You are creating a lined tote bag from canvas fabric and cotton lining. Explain how you would sew
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open seams to join the outer canvas fabric and the lining ensuring a clean a sturdy finish suitable for daily
use.

Review Exercise 4.5 B

1. Mwaniki was sewing a lightweight cotton dress. Which seam type would he could use to join the side
seams fora neat finish without adding bulk?

A. Plain seam B. French seam C Zigzag stitch D. Lapped seam

2. Mark was making a set of linen napkins. What seam type would he use to finish the edges of the
napkins for a clean look?

A Plain seam

B. French seam

C. Zigzag stitch

D. Overlock stitch

3. Angela was assembling patchwork quilt from cotton squares. Which seam type would she use to join
the quilt squares together for durability?

A Plain seam B French seam C. Zigzag stitch D Slip stitch

4. You are repairing a torn seam a knit sweater. What seam tupe would you use to mend the seam
securely without stretching the fabric?

A. Plain seam B. French seam C. Slip stitch D. Overlock stitch

5. Mercy a grade 8 learner was hemming a pair of denim jeans. Which seam type would she use to finish
the raw edges of the hem for durability?

A. Plain seam B. French seam C. Zigzag stitch D Flat-felled seam

6. You are creating a lined tote bag from canvas fabric and cotton lining. What seam type would you use
to attach the outer canvas fabric to the lining?

A. Plain seam B. French seam C. Zigzag stitch D. Flat-felled seam

Review Exercise 4.6 A

1. Sarah lives ono small farm where she takes care of various animals, including cows, sheep and goats.
Recently, she installed an innovative waterer that automatically refills and maintains clean water for her
animals. This new system has saved her a lot of time and effort, allowing her to focus on other important

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tasks around the farm. Describe the benefits of the innovative waterer for Sarah's farm animals and how it
has impacted her daily routine.

2. Tom's family farm recently adopted a solar-powered waterer for their cattle. This waterer uses solar
panels to power a pump that brings water from an underground well. Tom noticed that his cattle are
drinking more water and seem healthier since the installation. Explain how the solar-powered waterer
works and discuss the advantages of using solar energy for watering livestock.

3. In a rural village, a group of students designed a low-cost, gravity-fed waterer for their school's
livestock project. This waterer relies on gravity to dispense water from an elevated tank to the troughs.
The students were proud of their invention, which ensures that the animals always have access to water.
Discuss the principles behind the gravity fed waterer and highlight its advantages and potential limitations.

4. Maria's horse stable recently upgraded to an automatic Waterer system that includes a jlter to keep the
water clean. This System has a sensor that detects when the water level is low and refills it automatically.
Maria has noticed a significant decrease in the time spent on water maintenance. Analyze how the
automatic waterer system benefits Maria's stable in terms of hygiene, efficiency and animal health.

5. On his uncle's farm, Ahmed helped install a frost-free waterer for their livestock. This waterer uses
insulation and a heated element to prevent the water from freezing during winter Ahmed observed that the
animals were able to drink water comfortably even in the coldest months. Describe the technology behind
the frost-free waterer and explain why it is crucial for livestock during winter.

6. Lucy's family farm recently incorporated a smart waterer that monitors water consumption and alerts
the family if the animals are not drinking enough. This system has helped them detect early signs of
health issues in their livestock. Evaluate the role of smart waterers in livestock management and discuss
how monitoring water consumption can lead to better animal health.

7. Jamal designed a pedal-operated waterer for his backyard chickens. The chicken step on a pedal,
which releases a controlled amount of water. This system has significantly reduced water wastage and
keeps the water clean. Explain how the pedal. operated waterer functions and discuss its benefits in terms
of water conservation and hygiene.

8. Emma's dairy farm installed a large capacity waterer with multiple drinking stations, Thie waterer is
designed to serve a large number of animals simultaneously, ensuring that al the cows can drink water
without waiting. Discuss the advantages of using a large capacity waterer with multiple drinking stations
in a dairy farm, focusing on animal welfare and farm productivity

Review Exercise 4.6 B

1. Innovative waterer has various benefits to a farmer. Which one of the following is a benefit of waterer?

A. It provides a constant supply of clean water, improving their hydration and overall health.

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B. It reduces the time Sarah spends on refilling water, allowing her to tend to other chores.

C. It ensures water is always available, preventing dehydration during hot weather.

D. All of the above.

2. Which one of the following is an advantage of using a solar powered waterer for animals in a farm?

A. It uses renewable energy, reducing electricity costs.

B. It provides a reliable water source even in remote areas.

C. It reduces the environmental impact by using solar power.

D All of the above.

3. Most advanced village farms have gravity fed water for livestock. Which one of the following is
significance of a gravity-fed waterer for livestock?

A. It requires no external power source, making it cost-effective.

B. lt can easily be maintained by the students.

C. It ensures a continuous flow of water without mechanical failures.

D. All of the above.

4. Automotive waterer have many advantages compared to other models. Which one of the following is
true about it?

A. lt maintains a clean and constant water supply.

B. It reduces the labour needed for refilling water.

C. It helps prevent the spread of waterborne diseases.

D. All of the above.

5. Why is a frost-free waterer essential for livestock during winter?

A. It prevents water from freezing, ensuring animals have access to water at all times.

B. It reduces the risk of animals getting dehydrated in cold weather.

C. It eliminates the need to manually break ice in water troughs.

D. All of the above.

6. What is a key advantage of using a smart waterer that monitors water consumption?

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A. It helps in detecting health issues early by monitoring drinking patterns.

B. It ensures water is always available for the animals.

C. It can alert the farmers to potential problems with the water supply.

D. All of the above.

7. What is an advantage of a pedal operated waterer for backyard chickens?

A lt reduces water wastaqe by providing water on demand.

B. It keeps the water clean by preventing contamination.

C. It encourages the chickens to stay active.

D. All of the above.

8. What benefit does a large capacity waterer with multiple drinking stations offer on Emma's dairy farm?

A. It ensures that all cows have access to water at the same time.

B. It reduces competition and stress among the cows.

C. It increases overall water intake, improving cow health.

D. All of the above.

Review Exercise 4.8 A

1. Ms. Nyambura's students are practicing grafting on mature trees. What is a critical step that they should
follow to ensure successful union?

2. Mr. Ochieng uses bridge grafting to save a tree that has been girdled by animals. What is a primary
benefit of this grafting method?

3. Ms. Mutiso wants her students to understand the importance of grafting care. After performing bark
grafting, what aftercare step is crucial for the success of the grafts? Provide detailed reasons why this step
is necessary.

4. Ms. Amina uses a grafting method to help a tree with a damaged root system by grafting it to a young
seedling growing next to it. What is this method called? Describe the conditions under which this method
would be most effective.

5. In a practical lesson, Mr. Kiprono demonstrates a grafting technique where he makes an upward
slanting cut on both the scion and rootstock and then makes a matching tongue cut to interlock the two

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pieces. What grafting method is he showing? Describe the steps involved in this grafting method.

6. After completing a grafting procedure, what specific care practices should be followed to ensure the
success of the graft union?

7. During a horticulture workshop. Mr. Jaų discusses the importance of pruning in caring for grafted
plants post-grafting. How does proper pruning contribute to the overall health and growth of the grafted
plant? Provide specific examples.

8. Mr. Mwenda notices some of his grafted plants showing signs of stress due to improper watering
practices. Explain the potential risks associated with overwatering or under watering grafted plants
immediately after grafting. How should Mr. Mwenda adjust his watering practices?

9. Dr. Gregory is exploring grafting techniques to improve the economic viability of his orchard. Discuss
the financial benefits and considerations of using grafting for commercial fruit production?

10. Ms. Chebet is interested in using grafting to mitigate the effects of climate change on her crops.
Describe how grafting can help plants adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Review Exercise 4.8 B

1. Ann, an aspiring orchardist, wants to experiment with different grafting techniques to propagate fruit
trees in her orchard Which of the following types of grafting would be most suitable for Anns purpose?

A. Cleft Grafing Splitting the rootstock vertically and inserting e scion into the cleft to promote rapid
healing and qrowth

B. Bark Grafting Making a slit in the bark of the rootstock and inserting a scion underneath to encourage
direct cambium contact

C. Approach Grafting: Joining a scion from a desired variety to a rooted stock by making a gradual
incision as they grow clesely together.

D Bud Grafting: Inserting a single bud from a desired variety into the rootstock's bark to create a new
plant.

2. Mr. Karanja teaches his students about the importance of grafting in commercial fruit production.
Which outcome is most directly achieved through grafting?

A Increased genetic diversity

B. Uniform fruit characteristics

C. Enhanced seed production

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D Improved pollination efficiency

3. Ms. Njeri uses the methods shown below to introduce a new variety into an old apple tree. What must
she do to ensure the success of this graft?

A. Graft during the dormant season

B. Keep the grafted area dry at all times

C. Apply fertilizers immediately after grafting

D. Remove the rootstock entirely.

4. During a class project, Ms. Chege's students observe that the grafted plants are growing unevenly.
What could be a potential cause for this issue?

A. Poor grafting technique

B. Overexposure to sunlight

C. Insufficient watering

D. Mismatched species of scion and rootstock

5. Ms. Ndungu explains that grafting is often used to propagate fruit trees. Why might grafting be
preferred over growing trees from seeds?

A. Seeds produce more vigorous plants

B. Grafted plants are more likely to bear fruit identical to the parent plant

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C. Seeds are easier to obtain

D. Grafting takes less time

6. Mr. Kipruto's students are learning about the benefits of grafting, Which of the following is NOT a
common advantage of grafting plants?

A. Improved disease resistance

B. Foster flowering

C. Uniform fruit quality

D. Increased seed production

7. Ms. Achieng demonstrates how to graft a young plant onto ar established tree to introduce a new
variety. What is this technique known as?

A. Inarching B. Whip and tongue grafting C. Cleft grafting D. Side grafting

8. Mrs. Wambui notices that one of her apple trees has a damaged trunk. She decides to use a qrafting
technique to repair it. Which method is she likely to use?

A. Inarching B. Budding C. Whip and tongue grafting D. Side grafting

9. Ms. Njoroge advises her class to keep the qrafted plants well watered but not waterlogged. What is the
primary reason for this?

A. To prevent the plants from drying out

B. To ensure the graft union heals properly

C. To increase the nutrient uptake

D. To promote flowering

10. Mr. Kariuki covers the graft area with grafting wax after securing the graft. What is the purpose of
this step?

A To support the plant structurally

B. To prevent moisture loss and infection

C To enhance the aesthetic appearance

D To accelerate the growth rate

11.During a field trip, Mrs. Mwangi demonstrates a technique where she peels back the bark of a tree and
inserts several scions around the exposed cambium layer. What method is she using?

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A. Bark grafting B. Inarching C. Whip and tongue grafting D. Bridge grafting

12. Mr. Mutua demonstrates a grafting technique where he makes a small cut on the side of the rootstock
and inserts the scion at an angle. Which grafting method is he showing?

A. Cleft grafting B. Side grafting C. Bark grafting D. Inarching

End of strand assessments

Study questions 4A

1. Yvonne is learning to stitch. She was told to use the knitting stitch technique. What is the advantage of
using the technique?

2. Peter used the stitching method shown below to make a scarf. What type of stitch is it?

3. Owen has always been intrigued with knitting went to class to learn about knitting and he has
completed his course. Which items can he make using knitting?

4. During a practical lesson, learners were asked to observe safety precautions. Name the precautions that
they should observe?

5. Emma loves helping her grandmother in the kitchen. Her grandmother suggested they make a new
apron together. They picked out colorful fabric and set to work. How did Emma use her sewing skills to

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help her grandmother?

6. Jason's room is always cluttered with books and toys. His mom suggested they make fabric storage bins
to organize his things. They found a simple pattern online and Jason learned how to sew straight seams to
assemble the bins. What household problem did Jason solve using his sewing skills?

7. Sarah wanted to surprise her little sister with a handmade pilow for her birthday She chose soft fabric
and embroidered her sister's name on it. Sarah practiced sewing curves and attaching buttons to make the
pillow special. How did Sarah personalize the pillow she made for her sister?

8. Daniel admired the colourful quilt his grandmother had made long ago. He decided to make one
himself, learning to sew small fabric pieces into intricate patterns. What did Daniel learn about sewing
while making his quilt?

9. Mia loves gardening with her parents but wanted to protect her knees from getting dirty. She used old
jeans to create gardening kneepads, cutting and sewing the fabric to fit perfectly. How did Mia repurpose
old jeans using her sewing skills?

10.James wanted to surprise his parents with a handmade tablecloth for their anniversary dinner. He knew
they cherished family gatherings and thought a personalized tablecloth would make the occasion even
more special. What sewing techniques would James need to learn to create a custom tablecloth for his
parents?

11.Sarah's family owns a small petting zoo where visitors often enjoy feeding and interacting with the
animals. Sarah wants to design a waterer that could accommodate various sizes of animals, from goats to
rabbits, while ensuring that the water remains clean and easily accessible throughout the day. How can
she design an adjustable animal waterer that caters to different sizes of animals in a petting zoo, ensuring
they have constant access to clean water?

12. Millie loved spending time at her grandparents' farm, especially during the holidays when she helped
take care of the animals. One hot afternoon, she noticed that the traditional water trough for the cows
often got dirty and needed frequent cleaning. Emily wondered if there was a way to design a cleaner and
more efficient waterer for the animals. How can you use innovative design principles to create a self-
cleaning animal waterer that reduces maintenance on a farm?

13. Jake volunteered at an animal shelter where he noticed that the water bowls for the dogs frequently
tipped over and spilled water. He decided to brainstorm ideas for a stable and spill-proof waterer that
could be easily refilled by shelter staff. Describe the features of an innovative animal waterer that
prevents spills and provides easy access for refilling in an animal shelter setting.

14. Daniel's school organized a field trip to a smart farm where they saw drones being used to monitor
crop health and detect pests early. Inspired by this visit, Daniel wanted to explore how ICT could
revolutionize pest management techniques on traditional farms. How can lCT support services such as
drone technology be used to enhance pest control strategies and reduce pesticide usage in agriculture?

15.Emma's family owned a small organic farm known for its high-quality produce. However, they

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struggled with managing inventory and sales efficiently. Emma saw an opportunity to develop a software
solution that could streamline their operations and enhance customer satisfaction. Describe how ICT
support services such as inventory management software can benefit small-scale organic farms like
Emma's, ensuring better productivity and customer service.

16.Lucas lived in a rural community where many families earned their livelihood through farming. One
day, he overheard his neighbor talking about how a new app helped them track weather patterns and
optimize irrigation for their crops. Intrigued, Lucas wondered how ICT (Information and Communication
Technology) could enhance farming practices. How can lCT support services like weather-tracking apps
improve crop yield and efficiency for farmers in rural communities?

17. Sofia has a one-acre farm filled with fruit trees and faces challenges in predicting optimal harvest
times due to fluctuating weather conditions. Sofia wonders if there were ICT tools that could provide
accurate predictive analytics to help plan her harvest more effectively. Explain how ICT support services
like predictive analytics software can assist farmers and other agricultural enterprises in making informed
decisions about harvest timing and crop management.

18 Lily has several fruit trees in her farm. During the last rainy season some fruits were damaged. She
decided to use grafting to repair the damaged trees by integrating healthy branches onto the affected trees
trunks. Describe different types of grafting techniques used in agriculture and provide examples of when
each technique be most beneficial for fruit tree management and tree repair.

19. Learners visited a local nursery where they saw grafting being used to propagate different tree
seedlings. What are the key factors that affect the success of grafting in plants and how can gardeners
optimize these factors to ensure healthy growth and development?

20. Mia's grandmother showed her how she had successfully grafted a branch from one type of apple tree
onto another, creating a tree that bore two different varieties of apples. How does grafting allow gardeners
to combine desirable traits from different plants, creating hybrid varieties that are not possible through
traditional breeding methods?

Practice Quiz 4B
1. Emily loved visiting her grandmother's cozy home during winter breaks. One chilly afternoon, her
grandmother sat by the fireplace, knitting a beautiful scarf. Emily was fascinated by the intricate patterns
and asked her grandmother how she learned to knit. How did Emily's grandmother likely respond?

A. learned to knit by watching online videos."

B. " learned to knit from mu own mother when I was about your age."

C. "learned to knit at a knitting workshop last year"

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D. "l learned to knit by reading knitting books from the library."

2 James wanted to surprise his little sister with a handmade hat for her birthday. He chose soft yarn and
began knitting, remembering the basic stitches his grandmother had taught him. What is an essential tool
James needs to knit the hat?

A. A crochet hook B. Knitting needles C. A loom D. Sewing thread

3. Sophie admired the intricate lace shawl her aunt had knitted for her wedding. The delicate patterns and
fine yarn fascinated Sophie, who wanted to learn lace knitting herself. What type of yarn is typically used
for knitting lace projects?

A Chunky yarn B. Worsted yarn C. Lace weight yarn D. Aran yarn

4. Liam's grandmother taught him how to fix a dropped stitch in his knitting project. What tool did Liam
most likely use to correct the dropped stitch?

A. Crochet hook B. Tape measure C. Embroidery hoop D. Safety pin

5. Maya's mother decided to knit a sweater for Maya's dog. She wanted to use a stretch stitch pattern to
ensure the sweater would fit comfortably. Which knitting stitch pattern would be most suitable for the dog
sweater?

A Garter stitch B. Stockinet stitch C. Ribbing stitch D. Seed stitch

6. Eli had wanted a new apron to use in the kitchen. He picked out colourful fabric and set to work. How
did he use his sewing skills to benefit him in the kitchen?

A. He sewed buttons onto the apron.

B. He knit a scarf.

C. He baked cookies.

D. He painted the fabric.

7. Sara's room is always cluttered with clothes and shoes. She decided to organize her things by sewing an
organization bin. What household problem did Sara solve using her sewing skills?

A. Lack of space for his toys.

B. Water leaks in the bathroom.

C. Food shortage in the kitchen.

D. Homework assignments.

8. Selly wanted to surprise her little sister with a t-shirt for her birth day. She chose soft fabric and
embroidered her sister's name on it. Sarah practiced sewing curves and attaching buttons to make the t-

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shirt special. How did Sarah personalize the t-shirt she made for her sister?

A. By knitting a blanket.

B. By baking cookies.

C. By sewing her sister's name on it.

D. By painting the fabric.

9 Daniel decided to make o bedcover and he learned how to sew. What did Daniel learn about sewing
while moking his bedcover?

A. How to make a pizza

B. How to play basketball,

C. How to sew fabric pieces into patterns.

D. How to swim,

10. Mia found her old jeans and instead of throwing them away, she made a small bag. How did Mia
repurpose old jeans using her sewing skills?

A. She used them as a blanket.

B. She used them to make a bag

C. She used them as a hat.

D. She used them as a soccer ball.

11. Recently, Penny read about ICT support services that help farmers improve their yields and manage
their farms more efficiently using technology. Which ICT support service could help farmers the most?

A. Crop monitoring using drones

B. Traditional scarecrow placement

C. Manual watering schedule

D. Seasonal crop rotation

12. Leah's uncle, a farmer, recently subscribed to an ICT service that provides real-time weather updates
and crop disease alerts through a mobile app. What benefit does Leah's uncle qain from the ICT service?

A. Improved farm equipment

B. Better soil management techniques

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C. Real-time weather updates and disease alerts

D Enhanced irrigation system

13. Maria was introduced to ICT Support services that analyze soil quality and recommend fertilization
techniques based on the data collected.'Maria decides to implement these techniques in her family's
garden to see if they can grow healthier vegetables What does the ICT service help farmers like Maria
with?

A. Identifying bird species in the area

B. Predicting market prices for crops

C. Analyzing soil quality

D. Designing farm layouts

14. Jason's family runs a dairy farm and recently installed automated milking machines connected to a
central computer system. This ICT solution helps them monitor each cow's milk production and health
metrics more efficiently. Jason's father believes this technology saves them time and ensures the cows
receive the best care possible. What lCT support service does Jason's family use?

A. Automated crop harvesting

B. Real-time cattle tracking

C. Automated milking and health monitoring

D. Solar-powered irrigation

15.After attending a workshop on ICT support services, Ruth's grandfather learned about precision
farming techniques that could help him reduce water usaqe and increase crop yields. Why is Ruth's
grandfather interested in precision farming?

A. To increase fuel consumption

B. To reduce water usage and increase crop yields

C. To attract more pests to his crops

D. To decrease the use of fertilizers

16.Sarah is learning about grafting in her agriculture class. Which of the following is a correct step in the
grafting process?

A. Choosing compatible rootstock and scion

B. Watering the plant immediately after grafting

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C. Sealing the grafting joint with grafting tape

D. Placing the grafted plant in direct sunlight immediately

17. Tom wants to graft a branch from an apple tree onto a pear tree. What should he ensure for a
successful graft?

A. Both trees should be of the same species

B. The grafting should be done in the dormant season

C. The scion should be healthy and disease-free

D. The grafted joint should be kept dry at all times

18. Jane is practicing grafting with her rose plants. Which of the following tools does she need for
grafting?

A. Pruning shears B. Grafting knife C. Secateurs D. Plant hormones

19.During a school project, Alex and his team are grafting citrus trees. What is the primary purpose of
grafting these trees?

A To improve fruit quality

B. To increase resistance to diseases

C. To make the tree grow faster

D. To create a new species

20. Emily observes that her grafted plant is wilting. What could be the possible reason?

A The grafting cut was not clean

B. The plant was not watered properly

C. The rootstock and scion were incompatible

D The plant received too much sunlight immediately after grafting

21. John is designing an innovative waterer for his chickens. Which feature should he consider to ensure
it is effective?

A. Easy to clean

B. Prevents water contamination

C. Adjustable height

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D. Made from metal only

22. Lisa is building a solar-powered waterer for her goats. What component does she need to include?

A Solar panel

B. Water storage tank

C. Automatic water level controller

D. Battery backup

23. Mark is testing his new automatic waterer for sheep What should he check to ensure it works correctly?

A Water flow rote

B Durability of materials

C Ease of maintenance

D. Compatibility with different types of water sources

24.Rochel is creating a waterer for her rabbits that minimizes spillage. Which design feature should she
include?

A Non-tip base

B. Small water dispensing opening

C. Elevated drinking platform

D. Transparent container

25. Sam is innovating a water system for cattle that refills automatically. What technology can he use?

A. Float valve mechanism

B. Pressure sensor

C. Mobile app integration

D. Manual refill method

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