Art Appreciation - The ability to communicate without using words allows you to

- "art appreciation" refers to the understanding of the universal experiment with visual-emotional correlations.
and timeless elements that distinguish all great art.
- It's commonly used to describe the study of visual art forms or The Role of Creativity in Art Making
the introduction of basic visual literacy principles. - Creativity necessitates a willingness to think outside the box.
- It refers to the analysis of an artwork's form for public audiences - Creativity is what distinguishes one work of art from another.
in hopes of improving their appreciation of such works of art.
ART FORMS
Art  Visual Arts - Visual arts are works of art that are primarily
-Art is derived from the Latin word ars, which means "trade or visual in nature and appeal to the sense of sight. Performance
specialized type of skill, such as carpentry, smithy, or surgery." arts, applied arts, and theater are examples of other artistic
- ultimate goal is to produce an art that can speak and connect to disciplines that include a visual component. Paintings,
its audience on an intimate level and is to be interpreted in various drawings, lettering, printing, sculpting, and digital imaging are
ways. some examples of visual arts mediums.
- Art has been an avenue for people to convey and express things  Film- The skill of piecing together sequences of static images
that seems impossible to say or describe ourselves. to create the appearance of movement is known as
filmmaking. Filmmaking is both an art and a business that
ASSUMPTIONS OF ARTS
concentrates on its cultural, aesthetic, and social value.
a. Art is Universal
- people and their social backgrounds mirror art. Art also bring
forth awareness and unity among our cultural and individual The following are the techniques in film-making process:
differences. a. motion picture camera
- his reflects our political, social, and cultural processes which is b. animation techniques
why art is the most important form of communication. c. computer generated imagery (CGI).
b. Art is Not Nature  Performance Art - Performance art is live art in which the
- Art is not art unless someone thinks about it and comprehends it, artist's medium is primarily the human body, but he or she
just as nature requires the lack of thinking to be nature. may also incorporate other forms of art such as visual art,
c. Art Involves Experience sounds, props, into the performance.
- Art is nothing more than a personal experience.
- (Dudley et.al., 1960) we mean the “actual doing of something” The elements of performance arts:
and it is confirmed that experience is contingent to art. a. Setting
b. Time
NATURE OF ARTS c. Performer’s body
- Art is fundamentally a non-symbolic mode of communication that
serves as a key counterbalance to language.
 Music- Music is a collection of coordinated sound or  In Plato's metaphysical or real-life view, things in this world
sounds. Making music is the process of putting sounds and are only copies of the original, eternal, and true entity
tones in an order, often combining them to create a unified found only in the World of Forms.
composition.  Plato's philosophy asserts that there are two realms: the
 Architecture- Architecture is the creating of beautiful physical realm and the spiritual realm. The Physical World
buildings, whilst art is the quest and creation of beautiful is the material stuff we see and interact with on a daily
things basis; this physical realm is changing and imperfect, as we
Important elements of architecture are: know all too well. The spiritual realm, however, exists
a. Plan
beyond the physical realm. Plato calls this spiritual realm
b. Construction
the World of Forms (also called the Realm of Ideas or Realm
c. Design
of Ideals). Plato's Theory of Forms asserts that the physical
 Dance- Dance is a set of gestures that are choreographed to
the beat of the music. Dancing is a method of expression that realm is only a shadow, or image, of the true reality of the
enables individuals to express themselves freely. Realm of Forms.
 Literary Art-. Literary artists utilize language to express  Plato believed that artists simply strengthened their beliefs
themselves and communicate feelings to their audience. Being in replicating and discouraging men from reaching for real
a writer is not the same as being a literary artist. beings in the World of Forms.
 Theater- Live performers offer tales or visuals of events in  Plato was deeply skeptical of art and the artist for two
front of a live audience in theater. Theater art is distinguished reasons: 1. It appeals to emotions, not to people's rational
from literary art by the fact that it is usually performed abilities. 2. They imitate rather than make it a reality.
according to a script.  Art then is to be banished with the practitioners to ensure
 Applied Arts- The goal of applied arts is to provide aesthetic that the attitudes and behaviors of the members of the
value to ordinary objects by blending style and design. Artists Republic are not compromised by the influence of the art.
in this discipline infuse beauty, charm, and comfort into a  For Plato, art is dangerous because it represents a trivial
variety of common objects. Industrial design, fashion design, alternative to the actual entity that can only be achieved by
interior design, and graphic design are all examples of this. reason.
b. Art as a Representation
 Aristotle agreed with Plato's view that art was a form of
PHILOSOPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF ART imitation
a. Art as an Imitation  However, Aristotle saw art as an aid to philosophy in
 In Plato's book, "The Republic," he paints a picture of artists revealing truth. The kind of imitation that art does is not
as imitators whereas art as mere imitations the opposite of achieving basic truth in the world.
 In his account of the ideal republic, Plato advises not to
include artistic subjects in the curriculum or ban artists in
the republic.
  Unlike Plato, who thought that art was an imitation of  Art is central to human existence, providing access to the
another imitation, Aristotle conceived art to represent a emotions of people both from the past and on the present.
possible version of reality.
 For Aristotle, all art does not seek to portray reality as it is,
but to offer versions of what could be, or many possibilities
of reality.
 In Aristotle’s worldview, art serves two specific purposes. GESTALT PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL PERCEPTION
Art allows us to experience pleasure. Art is also educational
Figure-Ground - The figure-ground principle states that people
and has the ability to guide and teach our audience about
life (perception). instinctively perceive objects as either being in the foreground or
c. Art as a Disinterested Judgement the background. They either stand out prominently in the front
 In his Critique of Judgment, Immanuel Kant viewed the (the figure) or recede into the back (the ground).
judgment of beauty as a cornerstone of art that can be
universal despite its subjectivity. Similarity - This principle is basically telling us that when we are
 Kant realized that judgments about beauty are subjective.
presented with multiple elements, we group together the things
However, even subjective judgments are based on a
common criterion for the said judgments. that seems to be similar with each other regardless of their
 How can the assessment of beauty be considered objective proximity. Consequently, we also tend to think that they perform
or universal? Consider two examples: I like this picture
(subjectively); This painting is stunning (objectively). The the same function. The elements can be grouped according to
former is clearly a judgment of taste, while the latter is an their shape, size, and color.
aesthetic judgment.
 To make aesthetic judgments we need to be indifferent. In
other words, we should strive to go beyond our personal
Proximity - This principle states that the elements or things we
tastes and preferences so that we can see art from a
universal perspective. see that are closer to each other are related than the elements or
d. Art as a Communication of Emotion things that are farther from each other.
 According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a major role in
communicating with the audience's previous experienced
emotions. Art conveys emotions, just as language conveys
information to others. Common Region - This principle is highly related to proximity. It
 Art has a unique opportunity to act as a mechanism of basically states that when we see objects in the same closed
social cohesion as a conductor of man's deepest emotions region, we perceive them to be grouped together.
and thoughts.
Continuity - This principle states that the elements that are - Color helps establish a mood for your composition. When light
placed or arranged in a curve or a line are perceived to be more waves strike an object and reflect back to the optic nerve in a
related to each other than those elements not in a curve or a line. human’s eyes, the sensation they perceive is called color.

Closure - When we look at certain things with complex Properties of Color in Art
arrangement of visual elements, our brain tends to look for a
singular and recognizable pattern.  Hue: Hue refers to the color itself, which is distinct from any
other color, and represents the name we assign that color
Focal Point - Whatever stands out visually will get the viewer’s such as red, orange, and magenta.
attention first, this is what this principle is all about.  Value: Value is the darkness or lightness of a hue. When
hues are mixed with white, the resulting color will have a
The Gestalt Principles and the World of Art lighter value called tints. When hues are mixed with the color
- These principles hold powers to influence the audiences’ visual black, they have a darker value called shades. The many
perception which allows the artist to direct our attention, get us on values of a hue can be shown on a gradient spectrum
our feet to take a specific action, and even create a behavioral resembling paint swatches.
change upon us.  Chroma: A color’s chroma refers to the purity of a color.
Chroma is related to saturation, with high-chroma colors
ELEMENTS AND PRINCPLES OF ART appearing brighter, and low-chroma colors appearing duller.

What Are the Elements of Art? A. Primary colors: Primary colors are colors that are combined to
make a range of other colors. Traditionally, these are red, yellow,
- The elements of design are the fundamental aspects of any and blue. When mixed, these three primary colors can form many
visual design which include shape, color, space, form, line, value, other colors.
and texture. Graphic designers use the elements of design to B. Secondary colors: Secondary colors are the result of mixing two
create an image that can convey a certain mood, draw the eye in a primary colors. In the traditional color model, the three secondary
certain direction, or evoke a number of feelings. colors are green (yellow plus blue), orange (yellow plus red), and
- While the elements of design form the basics of any image, purple (red plus blue).
designers also lean on the principles of design, which are a set of C. Tertiary colors: Tertiary colors are the combination of one
practices of working with the elements of design that make a primary color with one secondary color. There are six tertiary
composition look pleasing to the eye. colors on the traditional color wheel: magenta (red-purple),
vermillion (red-orange), amber (yellow-orange), chartreuse
The Elements of Art (yellow-green), teal (blue-green), and violet (blue-purple).
1. Color D. Complementary colors: Complementary colors are colors that
are found opposite each other on the color wheel. Complementary
color schemes include blue with orange, red with green, and  High contrast: When two colors have opposite values, such
yellow with purple. as very dark and very light blue, they are considered high
E. Analogous colors: Analogous colors sit next to each other on contrast.
the color wheel. Analogous color schemes include yellow paired  Low contrast: When two colors have values that are only
with chartreuse and green; red with vermillion and orange; and slightly different from one another, they are considered low
blue with teal and violet. The three colors in each pairing share a contrast.
common hue, so they appear to match.
F. Warm colors: Reds, oranges, and yellows are referred to as 4. Space
warm colors. - Space is one of key elements of art that refers to the distance
G. Cool colors: Blues, greens, and purples are referred to as cool around and between the subjects and aspects of a composition.
colors.
H. Monochromatic: A color scheme is monochromatic when it T he 3 Types of Space in Art
only features shades or tints of a single hue.
I. Neutral colors: Blacks, greys, whites and shades of beige are 1. Positive Space: refers to the space around the subject or
often referred to as neutral colors. subjects in a picture. For instance, if you’re drawing a still life, a
bowl of fruit might be your positive space.
2. Line 2.Negative Space: refers to the empty spaces surrounding or in
- Line refers to the way that two points in space are connected. between the subject or subjects in a work of art.
Whether they’re horizontal lines, diagonal lines, or vertical lines, 3. Three-dimensional Space: Renaissance Artists mastered the
lines can help direct the eye toward a certain point in your technique of creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a
composition. flat surface. They did so by utilizing linear perspective, diminishing
scale, and atmospheric perspective. Linear perspective refers to
3. Value the use of geometric tools, like a vanishing point, to create the
- is a basic element of art that refers to the gradual change of appearance of depth. Diminishing scale dictates that the farther
lightness or darkness of a color. Value is most evident on the gray you are from an object, the smaller it appears. Atmospheric
scale where black is represented as lowest or darkest and white is perspective refers to the object becoming light color as you move
represented as the highest or lightest value away from it in space.

Types of Value in Ar t 5. Shape

- a shape is a two-dimensional area that is surrounded by an
 High key: High key colors contain the most white and are on outline. Graphic artists can use other elements including line,
the palest end of the gradient scale. color, value, and shadow to give a shape the appearance of a
 Low key: Low key colors contain the most black, and are on three-dimensional shape
the darker end of the gradient scale.
Two types of Shapes
 - Visual texture, on the other hand, refers to the imagined feel of
1. Geometric Shapes - are precise, regular, angular, geometric the illustrated texture, which can create more visual interest and a
constructions that are mathematically consistent. Basic shapes heightened sensory experience.
that are geometric include circles, squares,
2. Organic shapes—sometimes called biomorphic shapes—are  Physical texture: The physical texture of a work of art refers to
free-form, irregular, or asymmetrical structures that occur in the its tactile texture that you can feel when you touch it. For
natural world, such as flower petals, dragonfly wings, clouds, example, the physical texture of a work of art may be soft,
and the human figure. hard, smooth or rough.
 Visual texture: Artists who create works of art on a two-
dimensional surface, such as painters or draftsmen, are
creating a visual texture of their work by manipulating
materials on their canvas.

6. Form
- Form is one of the elements of visual art which pertains to the
way that a shape or physical configuration occupies space. For a PRINCIPLES OF GOOD DESIGN
three-dimensional work of art like a sculpture or work of
architecture, form is the shape, structure, and arrangement of 1. Balance
components like length, width, and depth of a shape. - a feeling of equality of weight, attention, or attraction of the
various elements within the composition as a means of
The two types of forms or shapes in art accomplishing unity.

1. Geometric forms - refer to precise, regular, angular,  Horizontal Balance - When components are balanced left and
geometric shapes that are mathematically consistent, including right of a central axis they are balanced horizontally.
spheres, cubes, pyramids, cones, and cylinders.  Vertical Balance - When they are balanced above and below,
2. Organic forms (or biomorphic forms) - represent organic, they are said to be balanced vertically. When they are
irregular shapes that often occur in the natural world, which are balanced above and below, they are said to be
usually asymmetrical, free-form, or curved. balanced vertically.
 Radial Balance - When components are distributed around the
center point, or spring out from a central line, this is referred
7.Texture to as radial balance.
- Texture is one of the elements of design that is used to represent
how an object appears or feels. Types of Balance
- Tactile texture is a physical sense of touch, whether it’s rough, A. Symmetrical Balance - is when the weight is equally
smooth, or ribbed. distributed on both sides of the central axis. Symmetry is the
simplest and most obvious type of balance. It creates a secure,  Subordinates are other compositional elements that have
safe feeling and a sense of solidity. been minimized or toned down in order to
B. Asymmetrical balance is when both sides of the central axis bring attention to the center of interest.
are not identical, yet appear to have balance. The way to use
asymmetry is by balancing two or more unequal components on Some ways to create emphasis might include:
either side of the fulcrum by varying their size, value or distance  Contrast — the more strongly an element contrasts with its
from the center. surroundings, the more it stands out and draws attention it to
itself. See the discussion on Contrast for information about
how to use this design principle.
2. Contrast  Isolation — similar to placement, isolating an element from a
- Contrast in art refers to the positioning of opposing components group of other elements will make it stand out.
in a work of art. It occurs when two or more related elements are  Line — an arrow, line, or other similar objects can be used to
strikingly different. The greater the difference the greater the indicate movement or direction and lead the eye towards an
contrast. element. Where lines converge also creates a focal point. See
discussion on Movement for about this good design principle.
Opposing Elements in Art  Placement — elements centered on the canvas will command
the viewer’s attention, however, artists tend to avoid putting
Color — complimentary colors on the color wheel, i.e. red vs. the focal point in the center of the canvas. It is best to off
green, blue center it a bit and still achieve the same effect. Off center
vs. orange, yellow vs. violet placement is much more pleasing to the eye.
Hue — saturated vs. muted colors  Size or Scale — this refers to how something seems in scale or
Movement — fast vs. slow size as it is compared to the objects around it. The larger the
Shape — organic vs. geometric shapes scale the more it
Size — large vs. small shapes will stand out and attract the eye. Smaller elements tend to recede
Space — positive vs. negative into the background.
Temperature — warm vs. cool
Texture — rough vs. smooth 4. Movement
Value — light vs dark - shows action and creates a feeling of motion within a
composition. It also serves as a guide to direct the eye from one
3. Emphasis element to the next. An artist controls and forces the progression
- art is when the artist gives dominance to or stresses a particular of the viewer’s eyes in and around the composition of the
area or element of focus in a painting painting using eye travel

 A focal point is an area where the eye tends to center and  Repetition - The use of repetition to create movement occurs
is the focus of the viewer’s attention. when elements which have something in common are
 repeated regularly or irregularly thereby creating a visual interest. It dominates the eye and is the focal point in a
rhythm. composition.
 Rhythm - is the result of repetition which leads the eye from  Negative space is the unoccupied areas that surround the
one area to another in direct, flowing, or staccato movement. subject matter. It is more passive in nature and is defined by
It can be produced by continuous repetition, by periodic the edges of the positive space it surrounds. It is what gives
repetition, or by regular alternation of one of more forms or definition to our composition
lines.  Two-dimensional space is found on a flat surface such as a
canvas. It has no depth, only length and width. In our
5. Proportion example, the image appears flat because all the objects and
- the relation of two things in size, number, amount, or degree. forms lie on the same plane. There is no feeling of depth
- is the relationship of two or more elements in a composition and
how they compare to one another with respect to size, color, The tools needed for creating the illusion of three-
quantity, degree, setting, etc.; i.e. ratio. dimensional space are:

6. Repetition and rhythm – the act of repeating an element either  Overlapping objects within your composition is the simplest
regularly or irregularly resulting in a rhythm of the repeating tool you can use for creating three-dimensional space in your
elements. painting or drawing. The effect is achieved by allowing the
7. Simplicity (a.k.a. visual economy) – the elimination of all non- contour of one form to be interrupted by the contour of
essential elements or details to reveal the essence of a form. another form, so that it looks like one form is physically sitting
in front of the other.
Visual Economy in art, also known as simplicity, is the omitting of  Changing size and placement of related objects. When two
all non-essential or unimportant elements and details which don’t shapes are the same size and are placed on the same plane,
really contribute to the essence of the overall composition in order the image tends to appear rather flat and not have much
to emphasize what is important. depth to it. However, by simply varying the size and
8. Space placement of the shapes a greater sensation of depth is
- the interval or measurable distance between objects or forms created.
(two dimensional or three dimensional).  Linear perspective (a.k.a. converging lines) is a graphical
- refers to the distance or area between, around, above, below, or system used by artists to create the illusion of depth and
within shapes and forms found within a composition. volume on a flat surface. As objects move away from the
viewer, they appear to grow smaller and converge toward
a vanishing point at the horizon line.
 Positive space is the “occupied” areas in a work of art that is  Relative hue and value. Using hue and value to create 3D
filled with something such as lines, colors and shapes. It is the space on a flat canvas surface are very important cues that
primary subject matter of a painting; the animals, plants, tell us whether an object is nearby or far away. In general,
building, mountain, vase, people, etc., that forms your area-of-
 warm colors or hues tend appear closer, whereas cool hues 2. It also gives elements the appearance of completeness that
tend to recede away from the viewer. they belong together. When a composition has unity the design
 Atmospheric perspective combines several tools already will be viewed as one piece,
described above. This important tool operates when objects
that are far away lack contrast, detail, and texture.

Deep Space
When used effectively all of these tools to create the illusion of
three-dimensional space will create a sense of what is referred to
as deep space within your painting. In deep space there are three
terms used to describe depth:
 Foreground is the area of a painting that visually appears
closest to the viewer. It is often located on a lower plane or
bottom of the canvas.
 Middle ground is space that makes up the distance between
the foreground and background of a painting. There is no
specific measurement for what the limits are. Typically, it is
located somewhere on the middle plane of the canvas.
 Background is the area of a painting that visually appears to
be far away in the distance at or near the horizon. It is usually
located on a higher plane of the canvas.

9. Unity
- the relationship between the individual parts and the whole of a
composition. This is the desired result in all great art
- is the hallmark of every good design. It is the final result when all
the design elements work harmoniously together to give the
viewer a satisfying sense of belonging and relationship.

Unity within art accomplishes two things:

1. It creates a sense of order. When a design possesses unity
there will be a consistency of sizes and shapes, as well as a
harmony of color and pattern.